ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
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No.WordsPronunciationPart of SpeechMeaningExampleQuizziz
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PASSAGE 1
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1civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/nnền văn minhThe Persians, who lived in present-day Iran, were one of the first civilizations to build tunnels that provided a reliable supply of water to human settlements in dry areas. The Persians, who lived in present-day Iran, were one of the first ……………….. to build tunnels that provided a reliable supply of water to human settlements in dry areas.
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2excavate/ˈekskəveɪt/vđào xới, khai quậtThe excavated soil was taken up to the surface using the shafts, which also provided ventilation during the work. The ……………….. soil was taken up to the surface using the shafts, which also provided ventilation during the work.
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3ventilation/ˌventɪˈleɪʃn/nthoáng khíThe excavated soil was taken up to the surface using the shafts, which also provided ventilation during the work. The excavated soil was taken up to the surface using the shafts, which also provided ……………….. during the work.
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4canal/kəˈnæl/nkênh đàoOnce the tunnel was completed, it allowed water to flow from the top of a hillside down towards a canal, which supplied water for human use.Once the tunnel was completed, it allowed water to flow from the top of a hillside down towards a ……………….., which supplied water for human use.
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5drain /dreɪn/vthoát nướcThe 5.6-kilometer-long Claudius tunnel, built in 41 CE to drain the Fucine Lake in central Italy, had shafts that were up to 122 meters deep, took 11 years to build and involved approximately 30,000 workers.The 5.6-kilometer-long Claudius tunnel, built in 41 CE to ……………….. the Fucine Lake in central Italy, had shafts that were up to 122 meters deep, took 11 years to build and involved approximately 30,000 workers.
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7shaft/ʃɑːft/nống thông (hơi, khí), đường thông (cho thang máy qua các tầng gác…)Roman qanat tunnels were constructed with vertical shafts dug at intervals of between 30 and 60 meters. Roman qanat tunnels were constructed with vertical ……………….. dug at intervals of between 30 and 60 meters.
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8tunnel/ˈtʌnl/nđường hầmIn the early first millennium BCE, they introduced the qanat method of tunnel construction, which consisted of placing posts over a hill in a straight line, to ensure that the tunnel kept to its route, and then digging vertical shafts down into the ground at regular intervals.In the early first millennium BCE, they introduced the qanat method of ……………….. construction, which consisted of placing posts over a hill in a straight line, to ensure that the tunnel kept to its route, and then digging vertical shafts down into the ground at regular intervals.
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9foothold/ˈfʊthəʊld/nchỗ để chânThe shafts were equipped with handholds and footholds to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone lid. The shafts were equipped with handholds and ……………….. to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone lid.
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10handhold/ˈhændhəʊld/ntay đỡ, chỗ bám tayThe shafts were equipped with handholds and footholds to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone lid. The shafts were equipped with ……………….. and footholds to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone lid.
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11lid/lɪd/nnắpThe shafts were equipped with handholds and footholds to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone lid. The shafts were equipped with handholds and footholds to help those climbing in and out of them and were covered with a wooden or stone ………………...
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12rod/rɑːd/ngậyTo ensure that the shafts were vertical, Romans hung a plumb line from a rod placed across the top of each shaft and made sure that the weight at the end of it hung in the center of the shaft. To ensure that the shafts were vertical, Romans hung a plumb line from a ……………….. placed across the top of each shaft and made sure that the weight at the end of it hung in the center of the shaft.
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13plumb line/ˈplʌm/ /laɪn/ndây dọiPlumb lines were also used to measure the depth of the shaft and to determine the slope of the tunnel. ……………….. ……………….. were also used to measure the depth of the shaft and to determine the slope of the tunnel.
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14counter-excavation/ˈkaʊntər-ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃən/nđào ngượcBy the 6th century BCE, a second method of tunnel construction appeared called the counter-excavation method, in which the tunnel was constructed from both ends. By the 6th century BCE, a second method of tunnel construction appeared called the ………………..-……………….. method, in which the tunnel was constructed from both ends.
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15geological/ʤɪəˈlɒʤɪkəl/adjthuộc địa chấtAdjustments to the direction of the tunnel also had to be made whenever builders encountered geological problems or when it deviated from its set path.Adjustments to the direction of the tunnel also had to be made whenever builders encountered ……………….. problems or when it deviated from its set path.
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16deviated/ˈdiːvɪeɪtɪd/vchệch khỏi, lệch khỏiAdjustments to the direction of the tunnel also had to be made whenever builders encountered geological problems or when it deviated from its set path.Adjustments to the direction of the tunnel also had to be made whenever builders encountered geological problems or when it ……………….. from its set path.
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17penetrate/ˈpɛnɪtreɪt/vxuyên qua, thâm nhậpThey constantly checked the tunnel’s advancing direction, for example, by looking back at the light that penetrated through the tunnel mouth, and made corrections whenever necessary.They constantly checked the tunnel’s advancing direction, for example, by looking back at the light that ……………….. through the tunnel mouth, and made corrections whenever necessary.
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18deviation/ˌdiːvɪˈeɪʃən/nsự sai lệchLarge deviations could happen, and they could result in one end of the tunnel being unusable.Large ……………….. could happen, and they could result in one end of the tunnel being unusable.
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19inscription/ɪnˈskrɪpʃən/nbản khắc chữAn inscription written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel, built by Romans as part of the Saldae aqueduct system in modern-day Algeria; describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain and how the later construction of a lateral link between both corridors corrected the initial error.An ……………….. written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel, built by Romans as part of the Saldae aqueduct system in modern-day Algeria; describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain and how the later construction of a lateral link between both corridors corrected the initial error.
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20aqueduct system/ˈækwɪdʌkt/ /ˈsɪstɪm/nhệ thống dẫn nướcAn inscription written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel, built by Romans as part of the Saldae aqueduct system in modern-day Algeria; describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain and how the later construction of a lateral link between both corridors corrected the initial error.An inscription written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel, built by Romans as part of the Saldae ……………….. ……………….. in modern-day Algeria; describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain and how the later construction of a lateral link between both corridors corrected the initial error.
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21lateral/ˈlætərəl/adjở bênAn inscription written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel, built by Romans as part of the Saldae aqueduct system in modern-day Algeria; describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain and how the later construction of a lateral link between both corridors corrected the initial error.An inscription written on the side of a 428-meter tunnel, built by Romans as part of the Saldae aqueduct system in modern-day Algeria; describes how the two teams of builders missed each other in the mountain and how the later construction of a ……………….. link between both corridors corrected the initial error.
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22mineral extraction/ˈmɪnərəl/ /ɪksˈtrækʃən/nkhai thác khoáng sảnTunnels were also built for mineral extraction.Tunnels were also built for ……………….. ………………...
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23mineral vein/ˈmɪnərəl/ /veɪn/nmạch khoáng sảnMiners would locate a mineral vein and then pursue it with shafts and tunnels underground.Miners would locate a ……………….. ……………….. and then pursue it with shafts and tunnels underground.
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24trace/treɪs/ndấu vếtTraces of such tunnels used to mine gold can still be found at the Dolaucothi mines in Wales.……………….. of such tunnels used to mine gold can still be found at the Dolaucothi mines in Wales.
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25straightforward/streɪtˈfɔːwəd/adjđơn giảnThe qanat construction method was usually faster than the counter excavation method as it was more straightforward.The qanat construction method was usually faster than the counter excavation method as it was more ……………….. .
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26fire quenching/ˈfaɪə/ /ˈkwɛnʧɪŋ/ndập lửaWhen the rock was hard, the Romans employed the technique called fire quenching which consisted of heating the rock with fire, and then suddenly cooling with cold water so that it would crack.When the rock was hard, the Romans employed the technique called fire quenching which consisted of heating the rock with fire, and then suddenly cooling with cold water so that it would crack.
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27patron/ˈpeɪtrən/nngười bảo trợMost tunnels had inscriptions showing the names of patrons who ordered construction and sometimes the name of the architect.Most tunnels had inscriptions showing the names of ……………….. who ordered construction and sometimes the name of the architect.
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28architect/ˈɑːkɪtɛkt/nkiến trúc sưMost tunnels had inscriptions showing the names of patrons who ordered construction and sometimes the name of the architect.Most tunnels had inscriptions showing the names of patrons who ordered construction and sometimes the name of the ………………...
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29divert/daɪˈvɜːt/vchuyển chướngFor example, the 1.4-kilometer Cevlik tunnel in Turkey, built to divert the floodwater threatening the harbor of the ancient city of Seleuceia Pieria, had inscriptions on the entrance, still visible today, that also indicate that the tunnel was started in 69 CE and was completed in 81 CE.For example, the 1.4-kilometer Cevlik tunnel in Turkey, built to ……………….. the floodwater threatening the harbor of the ancient city of Seleuceia Pieria, had inscriptions on the entrance, still visible today, that also indicate that the tunnel was started in 69 CE and was completed in 81 CE.
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PASSAGE 2
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1hunch over/hʌntʃ/ /ˈoʊ.vɚ/vham mê, ám ảnh vớiYounger school-aged children read stories on smartphones, older kids don’t read at all, but hunch over video games.Younger school-aged children read stories on smartphones, older kids don’t read at all, but ……………….. ……………….. video games.
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2a flotilla of email /ə/ /fləʊˈtɪlə/ /ɒv/ /ˈiːmeɪl/ nmột loạt emailParents and other passengers read on tablets or skim a flotilla of email and news feeds. Parents and other passengers read on tablets or skim …… ………….. …… ………….. and news feeds.
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3unbeknown/ˌʌnbɪˈnəʊn/adjchưa được biếtUnbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult.c to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult.
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4neuronal circuit/njʊəˈrəʊn(ə)l/ /ˈsɜːrkɪt/nmạchUnbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult.Unbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the ……………….. ……………….. that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult.
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5subtly/ˈsʌtəli/adjtinh viUnbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult.Unbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is ……………….., rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult.
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6toddler/ˈtɑːdlər/ntrẻ mới tập điUnbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult.Unbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading ……………….. to the expert adult.
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7implication/ˌɪmplɪˈkeɪʃn/ný nghĩa, hậu quả, kéo theoUnbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has implications for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult.Unbeknown to most of us, an invisible, game-changing transformation links everyone in this picture: the neuronal circuit that underlies the brain’s ability to read is subtly, rapidly changing and this has ……………….. for everyone from the pre-reading toddler to the expert adult.
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8neuroscience/ˈnʊrəʊsaɪəns/nkhoa học thần kinhAs work in neurosciences indicates, the acquisition of literacy necessitated a new circuit in our species’ brain more than 6,000 years ago.As work in ……………….. indicates, the acquisition of literacy necessitated a new circuit in our species’ brain more than 6,000 years ago.
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9acquisition/ˌækwɪˈzɪʃn/nsự tiếp nhậnAs work in neurosciences indicates, the acquisition of literacy necessitated a new circuit in our species’ brain more than 6,000 years ago.As work in neurosciences indicates, the ……………….. of literacy necessitated a new circuit in our species’ brain more than 6,000 years ago.
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10evolve/ɪˈvɒlv/vtiến hóaThat circuit evolved from a very simple mechanism for decoding basic information, like the number of goats in one’s herd, to the present, highly elaborated reading brain. That circuit ……………….. from a very simple mechanism for decoding basic information, like the number of goats in one’s herd, to the present, highly elaborated reading brain.
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11herd /hɜːd/nđàn (nhóm động vật…)That circuit evolved from a very simple mechanism for decoding basic information, like the number of goats in one’s herd, to the present, highly elaborated reading brain. That circuit evolved from a very simple mechanism for decoding basic information, like the number of goats in one’s ……………….., to the present, highly elaborated reading brain.
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12affective/əˈfektɪv/adjliên quan đến cảm xúcMy research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes.My research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and ……………….. processes.
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13internalized knowledge/ɪnˈtɜːnəˌlaɪzd/ /ˈnɒlɪʤ/nkiến thức nội tạiMy research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, analogical reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy; critical analysis and the generation of insight. My research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: ……………….. ……………….., analogical reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy; critical analysis and the generation of insight.
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14analogical/ˌænəˈlɒʤɪkəl/adjloại suyMy research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, analogical reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy; critical analysis and the generation of insight. My research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, ……………….. reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy; critical analysis and the generation of insight.
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15inference/ˈɪnfərəns/nsự suy luậnMy research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, analogical reasoning, and inference; perspective-taking and empathy; critical analysis and the generation of insight. My research depicts how the present reading brain enables the development of some of our most important intellectual and affective processes: internalized knowledge, analogical reasoning, and ………………..; perspective-taking and empathy; critical analysis and the generation of insight.
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16binary/ˈbaɪneri/adjnhị phân, đôiThis is not a simple, binary issue of print versus digital reading and technological innovation. This is not a simple, ……………….. issue of print versus digital reading and technological innovation.
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17err/er/nphạm sai lầmAs MIT scholar Sherry Turkle has written, we do not err as a society when we innovate but when we ignore what we disrupt or diminish while innovating.As MIT scholar Sherry Turkle has written, we do not ……………….. as a society when we innovate but when we ignore what we disrupt or diminish while innovating.
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18disrupt/dɪsˈrʌpt/vlàm phiền, gián đoạnAs MIT scholar Sherry Turkle has written, we do not err as a society when we innovate but when we ignore what we disrupt or diminish while innovating.As MIT scholar Sherry Turkle has written, we do not err as a society when we innovate but when we ignore what we ……………….. or diminish while innovating.
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19diminish/dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/vgiảm bớt, thu nhỏAs MIT scholar Sherry Turkle has written, we do not err as a society when we innovate but when we ignore what we disrupt or diminish while innovating.As MIT scholar Sherry Turkle has written, we do not err as a society when we innovate but when we ignore what we disrupt or ……………….. while innovating.
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20hinge/hɪndʒ/nbản lềIn this hinge moment between print and digital cultures, society needs to confront what is diminishing in the expert reading circuit, what our children and older students are not developing, and what we can do about it.In this ……………….. moment between print and digital cultures, society needs to confront what is diminishing in the expert reading circuit, what our children and older students are not developing, and what we can do about it.
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21confront/kənˈfrʌnt/v đương đầuIn this hinge moment between print and digital cultures, society needs to confront what is diminishing in the expert reading circuit, what our children and older students are not developing, and what we can do about it.In this hinge moment between print and digital cultures, society needs to ……………….. what is diminishing in the expert reading circuit, what our children and older students are not developing, and what we can do about it.
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22blueprint/ˈbluːprɪnt/nbản vẽ thiết kếWe know from research that the reading circuit is not given to human beings through a genetic blueprint like vision or language; it needs an environment to develop.We know from research that the reading circuit is not given to human beings through a genetic ……………….. like vision or language; it needs an environment to develop.
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23allocated/ˈæləkeɪtid/vđược cấp phátAs UCLA psychologist Patricia Greenfield writes, the result is that less attention and time will be allocated to slower, time-demanding deep reading processes.As UCLA psychologist Patricia Greenfield writes, the result is that less attention and time will be ……………….. to slower, time-demanding deep reading processes.
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24bear out/beər/ /aʊt/vcho thấy điều gìIncreasing reports from educators and from researchers in psychology and the humanities bear this out. Increasing reports from educators and from researchers in psychology and the humanities ……………….. this ………………...
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25dense/dens/adjdày đặc (giàu kiến thức, có chiều sâu…)English literature scholar and teacher Mark Edmundson describes how many college students actively avoid the classic literature of the 19th and 20th centuries in favour of something simpler as they no longer have the patience to read longer, denser, more difficult texts. English literature scholar and teacher Mark Edmundson describes how many college students actively avoid the classic literature of the 19th and 20th centuries in favour of something simpler as they no longer have the patience to read longer, ……………….., more difficult texts.
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26cognitive impatience/ˈkɒgnɪtɪv/ /ɪmˈpeɪʃəns/nsự thiếu kiên nhẫn trong nhận thức We should be less concerned with students’ cognitive impatience’, however, than by what may underlie it: the potential inability of large numbers of students to read with a level of critical analysis sufficient to comprehend the complexity of thought and argument found in more demanding texts. We should be less concerned with students’ ……………….. ………………..’, however, than by what may underlie it: the potential inability of large numbers of students to read with a level of critical analysis sufficient to comprehend the complexity of thought and argument found in more demanding texts.
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27downstream/ˌdaʊnˈstriːm/nhạ lưuMultiple studies show that digital screen use may be causing a variety of troubling downstream effects on reading comprehension in older high school and college students. Multiple studies show that digital screen use may be causing a variety of troubling ……………….. effects on reading comprehension in older high school and college students.
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28tablet/ˈtæblɪt/nmáy tính bảngMangen’s group asked subjects questions about a short story whose plot had universal student appeal; half of the students read the story on a tablet, the other half in paperback. Mangen’s group asked subjects questions about a short story whose plot had universal student appeal; half of the students read the story on a ……………….., the other half in paperback.
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29superior in /sju(ː)ˈpɪərɪər/ /ɪn/ adjxuất sắc trongResults indicated that students who read on print were superior in their comprehension to screen-reading peers, particularly in their ability to sequence detail and reconstruct the plot in chronological order.Results indicated that students who read on print were ……………….. ………… their comprehension to screen-reading peers, particularly in their ability to sequence detail and reconstruct the plot in chronological order.
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30chronological order/ˌkrɒnəˈlɒʤɪkəl/ /ˈɔːdə/ntheo dòng thời gianResults indicated that students who read on print were superior in their comprehension to screen-reading peers, particularly in their ability to sequence detail and reconstruct the plot in chronological order.Results indicated that students who read on print were superior in their comprehension to screen-reading peers, particularly in their ability to sequence detail and reconstruct the plot in ……………….. ………………...
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31norm/nɔːm/ntiêu chuẩnZiming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the ‘new norm’ in reading is skimming, involving word-spotting and browsing through the text.Ziming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the ‘new ………………..’ in reading is skimming, involving word-spotting and browsing through the text.
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32skimming/ˈskɪmɪŋ/nđọc lướtZiming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the ‘new norm’ in reading is skimming, involving word-spotting and browsing through the text. Ziming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the ‘new norm’ in reading is ……………….., involving word-spotting and browsing through the text.
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33word-spotting/wɜːd-ˈspɒtɪŋ/ndò từZiming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the ‘new norm’ in reading is skimming, involving word-spotting and browsing through the text. Ziming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the ‘new norm’ in reading is skimming, involving ………………..-……………….. and browsing through the text.
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34browse/braʊz/vduyệt quaZiming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the ‘new norm’ in reading is skimming, involving word-spotting and browsing through the text. Ziming Liu from San Jose State University has conducted a series of studies which indicate that the ‘new norm’ in reading is skimming, involving word-spotting and ……………….. through the text.
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35collateral/kəˈlætərəl/ ntài sản thế chấpThe possibility that critical analysis, empathy and other deep reading processes could become the unintended ‘collateral damage’ of our digital culture is not a straightforward binary issue about print versus digital reading. The possibility that critical analysis, empathy and other deep reading processes could become the unintended ‘……………….. damage’ of our digital culture is not a straightforward binary issue about print versus digital reading.
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36atrophy/ˈætrəfi/nsự teo đi, sự suy yếu điThe subtle atrophy of critical analysis and empathy affects us all equally.The subtle ……………….. of critical analysis and empathy affects us all equally.
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37bombardment/bɑːmˈbɑːrdmənt/nsự bắn phá, ném bomIt affects our ability to navigate a constant bombardment of information.It affects our ability to navigate a constant ……………….. of information.
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38incentivize/ɪnˈsentɪvaɪz/vkhuyến khíchIt incentivizes a retreat to the most familiar stores of unchecked information, which require and receive no analysis, leaving us susceptible to false information and irrational ideas.It ……………….. a retreat to the most familiar stores of unchecked information, which require and receive no analysis, leaving us susceptible to false information and irrational ideas.
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39susceptible/səˈseptəbl/adjnhạy cảm, dễ bị ảnh hưởngIt incentivizes a retreat to the most familiar stores of unchecked information, which require and receive no analysis, leaving us susceptible to false information and irrational ideas.It incentivizes a retreat to the most familiar stores of unchecked information, which require and receive no analysis, leaving us ……………….. to false information and irrational ideas.
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40irrational/ɪˈræʃənl/adjphi lý, vô lýIt incentivizes a retreat to the most familiar stores of unchecked information, which require and receive no analysis, leaving us susceptible to false information and irrational ideas.It incentivizes a retreat to the most familiar stores of unchecked information, which require and receive no analysis, leaving us susceptible to false information and ……………….. ideas.
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41redress/rɪˈdres/vkhắc phục, sửa lạiWe possess both the science and the technology to identify and redress the changes in how we read before they become entrenched. We possess both the science and the technology to identify and ……………….. the changes in how we read before they become entrenched.
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42entrenched/ɪnˈtrentʃt/adjcố thủ, bám chắcWe possess both the science and the technology to identify and redress the changes in how we read before they become entrenched. We possess both the science and the technology to identify and redress the changes in how we read before they become ………………...
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PASSAGE 3
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1stroke/strəʊk/nđột quỵDoctors can use it to predict when a patient is more likely to have a heart attack or stroke.Doctors can use it to predict when a patient is more likely to have a heart attack or ………………...
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2imagination/ɪˌmæʤɪˈneɪʃən/ntrí tưởng tượng, sự tưởng tượngResearchers are even trying to give AI imagination so it can plan for unexpected consequences.Researchers are even trying to give AI ……………….. so it can plan for unexpected consequences.
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3rely on/rɪˈlaɪ/ /ɒn/vtin tưởng vàoRecent cases show that people don't like relying on AI and prefer to trust human experts, even if these experts are wrong.Recent cases show that people don't like ……………….. ……………….. AI and prefer to trust human experts, even if these experts are wrong.
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4reluctant to/rɪˈlʌktənt/ /tuː/adjmiễn cưỡngTo do that, we need to understand why people are so reluctant to trust AI in the first place.To do that, we need to understand why people are so ……………….. ……………….. trust AI in the first place.
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5contradicted/ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktɪd/adjtrái ngượcOn the other hand, if Watson generated a recommendation that contradicted the experts's opinion, doctors would typically conclude that Watson wasn't competent.On the other hand, if Watson generated a recommendation that ……………….. the experts's opinion, doctors would typically conclude that Watson wasn't competent.
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6plausible/ˈplɔːzəbl/adjphù hợpAnd the machine wouldn't be able to explain why its treatment was plausible because its learning-machine algorithms were simply too complex to be fully understood by humans.And the machine wouldn't be able to explain why its treatment was ……………….. because its learning-machine algorithms were simply too complex to be fully understood by humans.
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7suspicion/səsˈpɪʃən/nsự nghi ngờConsequently, this has caused even more suspicion and disbelief, leading many doctors to ignore the seemingly outlandish AI recommendations and stick to their own expertise.Consequently, this has caused even more ……………….. and disbelief, leading many doctors to ignore the seemingly outlandish AI recommendations and stick to their own expertise.
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8outlandish/aʊtˈlændɪʃ/adjkỳ quặcConsequently, this has caused even more suspicion and disbelief, leading many doctors to ignore the seemingly outlandish AI recommendations and stick to their own expertise.Consequently, this has caused even more suspicion and disbelief, leading many doctors to ignore the seemingly ……………….. AI recommendations and stick to their own expertise.
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9expertise/ˌɛkspɜːˈtiːz/nchuyên mônConsequently, this has caused even more suspicion and disbelief, leading many doctors to ignore the seemingly outlandish AI recommendations and stick to their own expertise.Consequently, this has caused even more suspicion and disbelief, leading many doctors to ignore the seemingly outlandish AI recommendations and stick to their own ………………...
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10reluctance to/rɪˈlʌktəns/ /tuː/nmiễn cưỡngThis is just one example of people's lack of confidence in AI and their reluctance to accept what AI has to offer.This is just one example of people's lack of confidence in AI and their ……………….. ……………….. accept what AI has to offer.
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11reliability/rɪˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti/nsự đáng tin cậyTrust in other people is often based on our understanding of how others think and having experience of their reliability.Trust in other people is often based on our understanding of how others think and having experience of their ………………...
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12acutely/əˈkjuːtli/advsâu sắcInstead, there are acutely aware of instances where AI goes wrong.Instead, there are ……………….. aware of instances where AI goes wrong.
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13disproportionate/ˌdɪsprəˈpɔːʃnɪt/adjkhông tương xứngEmbarrassing AI failures receive a disproportionate amount of media attention, emphassing the message that we cannot rely on technology.Embarrassing AI failures receive a ……………….. amount of media attention, emphassing the message that we cannot rely on technology.
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14regardless of/rɪˈgɑːdlɪs/ /ɒv/idiomdù choIt was found that, regardless of whether the film they watched depicted AI in a positive or negative light, simply watching a cinematic vision of our technological future polarised the participants' attitudes.It was found that, ……………….. ……………….. whether the film they watched depicted AI in a positive or negative light, simply watching a cinematic vision of our technological future polarised the participants' attitudes.
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15polarised/ˈpəʊləraɪzd/vphân cựcIt was found that, regardless of whether the film they watched depicted AI in a positive or negative light, simply watching a cinematic vision of our technological future polarised the participants' attitudes.It was found that, regardless of whether the film they watched depicted AI in a positive or negative light, simply watching a cinematic vision of our technological future ……………….. the participants' attitudes.
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16sceptic/ˈskɛptɪk/nngười hoài nghiOptimists became more extreme in their enthusiasm for AI and sceptics became even more guarded.Optimists became more extreme in their enthusiasm for AI and ……………….. became even more guarded.
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17confirmation bias/ˌkɒnfəˈmeɪʃən/ /ˈbaɪəs/nthiên kiến xác nhậnThis suggests people use relevant evidence about AI in a biased manner to support their existing attitudes, a deep-rooted human tendency known as "confirmation bias".This suggests people use relevant evidence about AI in a biased manner to support their existing attitudes, a deep-rooted human tendency known as "……………….. ………………..".
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18pertinently/ˈpɜːtɪnəntli/advhợp lýMore pertinently, refusing to accept the advantages offered by AI could place a large group of people at a serious disadvantage.More pertinently, refusing to accept the advantages offered by AI could place a large group of people at a serious disadvantage.
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19algorithm/ˈælgərɪðm/nthuật toánAnother solution may be to reveal more about algorithms which AI uses and the purposes they serve.Another solution may be to reveal more about ……………….. which AI uses and the purposes they serve.
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20high-profile/haɪ-ˈprəʊfaɪl/nnổi tiếngSeveral high-profile social media companies and online marketplaces already release transparency reports about government requests and surveillance disclosures.Several ………………..-……………….. social media companies and online marketplaces already release transparency reports about government requests and surveillance disclosures.
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21transparency/trænsˈpeərənsi/nsự minh bạchSeveral high-profile social media companies and online marketplaces already release transparency reports about government requests and surveillance disclosures.Several high-profile social media companies and online marketplaces already release ……………….. reports about government requests and surveillance disclosures.
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22surveillance/sɜːˈveɪləns/ngiám sátSeveral high-profile social media companies and online marketplaces already release transparency reports about government requests and surveillance disclosures.Several high-profile social media companies and online marketplaces already release transparency reports about government requests and ……………….. disclosures.
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23intricate/ˈɪntrɪkət/adjphức tạp, rắc rốiWe don't need to understand the intricate inner workings of AI systems, but if people are given a degree of responsibility for how they are implemented, they will be more willing to accept AI into their lives.We don't need to understand the ……………….. inner workings of AI systems, but if people are given a degree of responsibility for how they are implemented, they will be more willing to accept AI into their lives.
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