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1 Fundamental Concepts in Nanotechnology.- 2 Introduction to Nanotechnology and Picotechnology.- 3 A Pervasive Study on the Fabrication Techniques of Nanotechnology.- 4 Advanced Techniques for Material Characterization and Analysis in Nanotechnology.- 5 Nanotechnology in Medicines and Healthcare.- 6 Nanotechnology in Energy and Environment.- 7 Nanotechnology in Computing and Communication.- 8 Nanopores for Molecular Sequencing.- 9 Fabrication Techniques in Picotechnology.- 10 Picotechnology in Energy and Environment.- 11 Picotechnology in Computing and Communication.- 12 Picotechnology for Biological Science.- 13 Picotechnology: Advancing Precision in Bioimaging and Disease Diagnosis.- 14 Picotechnology in Material Science.- 15 Future Trends and Challenges in Nanotechnology and Picotechnology.

This book charts the exciting transition from nanotechnology to picotechnology, moving from manipulating matter at the nanoscale to engineering structures at atomic and molecular levels. Beginning with the fundamentals of nanotechnology, it describes how materials and devices designed at the nanoscale (1 to 100 nanometers) have already revolutionized fields like electronics and medicine. It then discusses advancements in sub-nanometer precision, enabled by techniques such as scanning probe microscopy (SPM), which allow scientists to manipulate individual atoms and molecules with exceptional accuracy. This book further examines atomic-scale engineering, where tools like scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) facilitate the precise arrangement of atoms to create specific structures. It also covers molecular nanotechnology, which extends these principles to the design and assembly of complex molecular structures and machines, drawing inspiration from biological systems. In exploring applications, this book highlights how atomic and molecular scale engineering could revolutionize electronics with single-atom transistors and molecular-scale circuits, and transform medicine with advanced drug delivery systems and nanoscale sensors. In addition, applications in environmental remediation, energy storage, computing, and communication systems are presented. Despite the significant challenges, such as achieving precise control and ensuring scalability, the potential for breakthroughs is immense. The journey from nanotechnology to atomic and molecular scale engineering is a crucial step towards the vision of picotechnology, promising groundbreaking advancements with profound impacts on science, technology, and society.

Bionano Composite Materials for Sustainable Development.- Biomaterials Fabrication of Advanced Bionano Composites A Sustainable Approach.- Bioprepregs and Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Bionano Composites.- Smart and Adaptive Bionano Composite Materials Processing and Fabrication.- Advanced Characterization and Properties of Bionano Composite Materials.

This book explores the integration of bio nanotechnology and composite materials, emphasizing their potential for promoting sustainability. This book discusses bionano composites, which combine biological components with nanotechnology to enhance performance while minimizing environmental impact. This is particularly relevant given the increasing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable alternatives to traditional materials. The synergy between these materials results in composites that are not only high performing but also environmentally friendly. This is crucial for developing sustainable materials that can replace conventional petroleum-based composites, which are often linked to significant environmental degradation. Furthermore, this book examines the diverse applications of bionano composites in various sectors such as packaging, construction, automotive, and biomedical fields. This book serves as a vital resource for researchers and industry professionals interested in sustainable materials that aligns with the UNDP SDGs 2030 target. In addition to students, teachers, and researchers in the areas of firm behavior, public economics, public administration, and public policy, this book is also of great interest to policy makers, planners, and non-government agencies who are concerned with understanding and addressing issues related to the cooperation of government and social capital in developed and developing countries.

Chapter 1. Foundations of Nanomaterials and Composites.- Chapter 2. Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of Nanomaterials.- Chapter 3. Nanocomposites and hybrids: Fundamentals and Fabrication.- Chapter 4. Nanomaterials and Composites for Renewable Energy Generation and Harvesting.- Chapter 5. Nanomaterials and Composite/Hybrids in Energy Storage Systems.- Chapter 6. Nanomaterials and Composites in Thermoelectric Materials Design and Applications.- Chapter 7. Advanced Nanomaterials in Electricals and Electronics Miniaturization.- Chapter 8. Nanomaterials and Composites in Flexible and Wearable Electronics and Textiles.- Chapter 9. Quantum Dots and Their Applications - Displays and Photodetectors.- Chapter 10. Nanomaterials in Sensors and Neural Networks.- Chapter 11. Nanomaterials and Composites in Electromagnetic Interference Shielding.- Chapter 12. Environmental Impact and Sustainability of Nanomaterials/Composites.- Chapter 13. Regulatory Frameworks and Compliance for Nanomaterials and Composites Applications in Energy and Electronics.

This book provides a comprehensive exploration of the latest advancements in nanomaterials research and applications in energy and electronics. The book provides an overview on the fundamentals, synthesis, and characterization techniques for nanomaterials, providing readers with the foundational knowledge necessary to understand the diverse range of materials available for energy and electronic applications. The critical areas of focus in volume 1 are the application of nanomaterials in renewable energy technologies, particularly in photovoltaic systems and energy storage devices. The book explores how nanostructured materials can enhance the efficiency of solar cells, leading to greater energy conversion rates and lower production costs. Additionally, the role of nanomaterials in batteries and supercapacitors is discussed, emphasizing their potential to improve energy density, charge/discharge rates, and overall lifespan. These advancements are vital for the transition to sustainable energy solutions and the reduction of reliance on fossil fuels. In the area of electronics, the book addresses the integration of nanomaterials into electronic devices, focusing on their use in sensors, transistors, and flexible electronics. The unique electrical properties of nanomaterials enable the development of smaller, faster, and more efficient electronic components. Moreover, the potential for creating flexible and wearable electronic devices will be explored, highlighting the implications of these technologies for consumer electronics and healthcare applications.

1. Nanomaterial’s: Types, Synthesis and Application Environment Remediation.- 2. Bacterial Exopolymeric Substances (EPS): Promising Biomaterials for Synthesis Of Biogenic Nanoparticles for Environmental Bioremediation.- 3. Diatoms Nanotechnology: Prospects and Challenges for Sustainable Environment.- 4. Fabrication of Phyto-nanoparticles and their possible outcomes: with a special reference to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles.- 5. Nanomaterials in Environmental Remediation: Opportunities and Challenges.

This contributed volume aims to provide a comprehensive exploration of role of nanotechnology in environmental sustainability. Via a collection of chapters written by experts in this area, the book covers background and various topics related to nanomaterials such as nanotechnology in water and air purification, soil remediation, waste management, nanomaterials in environmental monitoring. The book will discuss the current state-of-art and future potential of nano-environmental technologies and hence will be an essential resources for researchers, policy-makers, practitioners in this particular domain of study. The book is distinctive due to its comprehensive, interdisciplinary and practical approach. The chapters and cases presented here describe recent trends and analyze future directions of study by encouraging interdisciplinary collaborations. Additionally, safety and toxicity concerns, regulatory issues and ethical considerations in the domain are discussed.

Advances in Nanomaterials for Detection, Control, and Removal of Environmental Pollutants

Introduction to Nanomaterials for Detection, Control, and Removal of Environmental Pollutants.- Nanosensors for Environmental Pollutants.- Nanoadsorbents for Environmental Pollution Control.- Nanocatalysts for Environmental safety:  A Modern Approach to Pollution Control.- Nanomaterials for Remediation of Contaminated Sites.- Nanoadsorbents for Removal of Chemical Contaminants.- Nanotoxicology and Environmental Health Impacts.- Nanomaterials in Environmental Pollution Mitigation &PracticalApplications.- Nanocomposit hydrogel for heavy metal ion removal.- Bioinspired-mediated Nanomaterials for Removal of Pharmaceutical and Pesticides Drugs.- Metal organic frameworks (MOFS) for Photocatalytic Application.- Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon-based Nanomaterials to the Development of Electrochemical Sensors for Detecting Environmental Pollutants.- Nano-Magnetic Adsorbents for Wastewater Treatment.- Ocimum Species as Multifunctional Green Adsorbents for the Removal of Dyes and Heavy Metals and Corrosion Inhibition.- Risk and environmental consequence of nanoparticles.- Regulatory Framework for Nanomaterials in Environmental Pollution Control.- Future Directions and Challenges in nanomaterials based detection, control and removal of environmental pollutants.

This book presents a comprehensive exploration of the latest research in nanomaterial development for environmental pollution control. It delves into various themes, including the utilization of nanosensors in environmental monitoring, the creation of nano adsorbents and nanocatalysts for pollutant removal and degradation, and the potential application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in remediating contaminated sites. The book also addresses potential risks associated with using nanomaterials in environmental pollution control, discussing nanotoxicology and the potential environmental and health impacts of nanomaterials. Furthermore, it explores the existing regulatory framework for nanomaterial usage in environmental pollution control and outlines future directions for developing and implementing nanomaterials in this domain. Featuring collected contributions from an international cross-section of active researchers in this broad and interdisciplinary field, this book caters to scientists, researchers, students, and professionals in environmental science, chemistry, materials science, and nanotechnology. It provides a detailed overview of recent advancements in nanomaterial development and application for environmental pollution control, emphasizing how nanotechnology holds promise for delivering effective solutions to environmental challenges.

1. Micelle Formation by Surfactants.- 2. Thermodynamics of the binary mixed micelle formation, mixed micelle without the effect of counterion binding.- 3. Surfactants and inorganic nanotechnology.- 4. Advances in surfactants as inhibitors for corrosion protection.- 5. Application of gemini surfactants as anticorrosive materials.

This book explores the synthesis, properties, and applications of surfactants, offering both introductory insights and advanced discussions. Topics include micelle formation, corrosion inhibition, biofilm control on medical devices, and environmental remediation such as pollutant removal from wastewater. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in chemistry, materials science, and environmental engineering.

Towards Sustainable Development and Environment Remediation

Application of nano-TiO2 in cementitious composites: impacts on microstructural, fresh, hardened and durability properties.- Application of nano-SiO2 in cement and concrete technology.- Application of carbon nanotube in cement-based materials.- Influence of nano-ferric oxide (Fe2O3) and nano-copper oxide (CuO) on the microstructural, mechanical and durability properties of cement and concrete composites.- Effect of nano-aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and nano-zirconium oxide (ZrO2) on the properties of cementitious composites.- Impact of nano-zinc dioxide (ZnO2), nano-calcium carbonate (CaCO2) and nano-chromium oxide (Cr2O3) on the properties of cementitious materials- E.U. EyoSchool of Energy.-  Application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in geotechnical engineering.- Application of nanomaterials and nanotechnology in geo-environmental engineering.- Nanomaterials and nanotechnology in soil stabilization.- Recent advances of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in transportation engineering.- Improvement of soil dynamic properties using nanomaterials and nanotechnologies.- Application of nanotechnology in ground improvement technique.- Improvement of wastewater treatment process using nanomaterials and nanotechnologies.- Impact of nanotechnologies on environmental remediation.- Improvement in application of nanotechnology is solid waste management remediation.- Recent advances in the treatment of swimming pool water using nanosilvers.- Improvement of air quality using nanomaterials and nanotechnology.- Recent advances in application of nanotechnology in road construction.- Emerging nanotechnologies in the field of highways and transportation engineering.- Utilization of nanomaterials in the field of road construction and transportation engineering.

This book explores the transformative use of nanomaterials in civil engineering, emphasizing sustainability and innovation in addressing enduring challenges. It covers the enhancement of construction materials, including cementitious composites, coatings, and structural components with nanomaterials to improve corrosion resistance, mechanical properties, and cement performance. The integration of nanotechnology with Industry 4.0 and digital twins is also discussed, promoting smarter engineering practices. Additionally, it details the applications of nanomaterials in pavement construction and soil property enhancement for seismic resilience. It addresses soil stabilization, slope stability, ground improvement, and scour protection for waterfront infrastructure. Furthermore, it delves into environmental engineering applications such as advanced wastewater treatment, soil remediation, and air quality improvement through nanotechnology. This book features seventeen chapters by leading experts, offering research insights and practical guidance for sustainable infrastructure and environmental solutions.    

Plant Stress Responses

.- Chapter 1: Nanodevices and Nanomaterials for Plant Disease Detection and management      .- Chapter 2: Bionanosensors in the Detection of Foodborne Microbial Pathogens      .- Chapter 3: Nanomaterials in pesticide detection and degradation      .- Chapter 4: Potential applications of nanomaterials in detection and management of plant parasitic nematode     .- Chapter 5: Recent advances of nanobiotechnology in plant disease management          .- Chapter 6: Future Developments of Nanoparticle's Application for Plant Disease Management and Sustainable Yields       .- Chapter 7: Nanomaterials: a promising strategy for the management of microbial plant diseases     .- Chapter 8: Biogenic metallic nanoparticles: Effective Fertilizers and Fungicidesin sustainable agriculture         .- Chapter 9: Biogenic synthesis of copper-based nanoparticles and their applications in plant protection      .- Chapter 10:Phytotoxic effects of nanobased materials and defense mechanisms in plants      .- Chapter 11:Antifungal Activity Of Metal-Based Nanomaterial And Their Morph-Physiological Responses On Plants .- Chapter 12:Antibacterial activity of metal-based nanomaterials and their morpho-physiological responses on plants     .- Chapter 13:SILVER NANOPARTICLES: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS       .- Chapter 14:The Toxicity of nanoparticles and their impact on plant ecosystems     .- Chapter 15:Polymeric based nanomaterials: A promising approach in plant protection and food packaging .- Chapter 16:APPLICATION AND RISKS OF NANOPESTICIDES IN AGRICULTURE.

This book explores the rapidly evolving field of nanobiotechnology and its applications in plant health and agricultural sustainability. Focusing on nanomaterials and nano-sensors, the book presents strategies for the detection, diagnosis and management of plant diseases, foodborne pathogens and agricultural pests. Chapters delve into the use of nanodevices for early disease detection, nano-pesticides for targeted treatment and bio-nanosensors for monitoring microbial contaminants in food systems. This book further highlights the role of biogenic and polymeric nanomaterials as effective fertilizers, fungicides and protective agents against plant-parasitic nematodes and microbial infections. This book also addresses critical issues of nanoparticle toxicity and ecological safety, providing a balanced view on the risks and benefits of nanotechnology in agriculture. This edited volume is designed for graduate students, researchers, agronomists, plant pathologists and nanotechnologists. This volume offers practical reference for integrating nanoscience into plant protection systems. It also serves as a guide for policymakers and agri-tech professionals seeking sustainable, high-precision solutions for global food security.

Marine Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.- Application of Marine Gelatin and Chitosan edible nanocomposite film for Food coating and packaging.- Nanocellulose for sustainable water purification.- Marine Biominerals: Applications of nanomaterials from shelled plankton.- Ecotoxicology of engineered nanomaterials in the marine environment.- Applications of Nanocomposites from Marine waste.- Advanced functional nanomaterials for marine antifouling technology.- Potential use of engineered nanoparticles in artificial ocean fertilisation and carbon sequestration.- Nanocomposites from Marine waste : Chitin and Chitosan based nanocomposites.- Marine polysaccharides as nano-drug delivery systems.- The interaction of toxic chemicals with micro/nanoplastics.- Biomimetic designs inspired by marine life.- Applications of Marine Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.- Nanosensors for water quality monitoring.

The book “Bionanocomposites from Marine Origin: Preparation and Application” can magnificently create a significant connection between the spheres of marine nanoscience, material science, biotechnology, nanotechnology, and biomimetic for discovering the tiny revolutionary materials of our ocean ecosystem to expose the enormous prospective related to it. Here all the chapters can be used to show case the state-of-the-art for the genuine global challenges like marine pollution, antifouling technologies, and the eco toxicological influence of engineered nanomaterials. It is also offering inventive forward-thinking solutions for some common issues by enlightening the concept of creating edible nanocomposite film for food coating and packaging from marine chitosan and gelatin, sustainable water purification from nanocellulose, the captivating applications of biominerals resulting from shelled plankton, explore into the impact of engineered nanomaterials in marine ecotoxicology, high-tech visions of biomimetic strategies encouraged by marine life, nanosensors for water quality monitoring, marine polysaccharides for sophisticated nano-drug delivery systems. Also emphasis has given to some multifaceted interaction among engineered nanomaterials with the aquatic environment by considering both their probable benefits in the fields like artificial ocean fertilization and carbon sequestration as well as proper utilization of marine waste like chitin and chitosan. So this book can focus to unite oceanic miracles with human imagination for a better transformation of marine nanoscience for developing industries as well as ecosystems. It is fully based on the concept of some new insights of next generation material science where small marine materials reimagined for a smart high performance based future solution with next level engineering. Also this book will become a limelight for researchers, marine scientists, material engineers, biotechnologists, ecologists, industrialist, etc. due to its unique interdisciplinary approach. So finally this book can open new window for our future for proving how the marine nanoscience can modify our industries through sustainable marine solution.

Biopolymers and their Bionanohybrids: An introduction.- Heavy metals and their hazardous health effects.- Synthetic components and synthetic processes for bionanohybrids.- Characterization and functionalization of Bionnaohybrids.- Applications of Cellulose-based bionanohybrids for removal of heavy metals.- Heavy metals removal by Gelatin-based bionanohybrids.- Current applications of Lignin-based bionanohybrids for removal of heavy metals.- Promising role of Alginate-based bionanohybrids for removal of heavy metals.- Recent developments in Starch and Guar-gum based bionanohybrids for removal of heavy metals.- Latest trends in Silk based bionanohybrids for removal of heavy metals.- Role of Collagen and Keratin based nanohybrids for removal of heavy metals.- Degradation and study of degradative by-products of bionanohybrids.- Trends, Challenges, Limitations Way forward, and future prospective of bionanohybrids.

This book comprehensively reviews the latest technology of bionanohybrids for application in the removal of heavy metal pollutants from industrial wastewater. The chapters in this book is written by leading experts in field and it provides detailed explanation for the synthesis, characterization and functionalization of bionanohybrids, their advantages and applications for removal of heavy metals from aqueous matrices. This book also provides insight into tools, tricks and challenges associated with fabrication techniques and future challenges and risks. Biopolymeric nanocomposites possess high surface area, more porous structure, high reactivity and less water solubility, giving it a great adsorption capacity towards heavy metals. Biopolymeric materials are also abundant, low cost, biodegradable and possess different functional moieties (carboxyl, amine, hydroxyl and carbonyl) which play role to adsorb metal ions through various interactions such as electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, ion exchange and chelation. In that light, this book covers various biopolymer based nanohybrids such as cellulose, gelatin, chitin and chitosan, lignin, pectin, alginate, dextran and carrageenan, starch and guar-gum, silk, collagen and keratin; and their properties, mechanism and efficiency in removing heavy metal pollutants from industrial wastewater. The book also highlights the challenges and limitations of this technology which is interesting to early researchers, academics and industrial practitioners who interested in the bioremediation of heavy metal pollutants present in the environment due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. 

Waste Management/Waste Technology

.- Chapter 1: An Introduction to Bio-resources waste recycling and circular bio-economy  .- Chapter 2: Biosynthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nano-scaled Materials: Top-down and bottom-up approaches .- Chapter 3: Carbon sequestration and recycling from wastes: a sustainable approach   .- Chapter 4: Recent advancements in the generation of biochar bioeconomy from agricultural Biomass waste and sustainable applications in climate smart agriculture .- Chapter 5: Artificial Intelligence in Recycling Wastes to Carbon Nanomaterials .- Chapter 6: Applications of Biosynthesized Carbon Nanomaterials in Agricultural Pesticide Synthesis and Crop Spoilage Sensing  .- Chapter 7: Rice Waste Derived Carbon Nanomaterials: A Sustainable Approach to Nanotechnology .- Chapter 8: Biomedical Applications of Waste-Recycled CNMs: Exploring Anti-oxidant and Anti-cancerous Efficacy .- Chapter 9: Food-waste bio-refinery implications of carbon nanostructure synthesis and fabrication .- Chapter 10:Food waste valorization: implication in circular economy paradigm .- Chapter 11:Elimination of polythene pollution challenges through recycling approaches .- Chapter 12:Carbon-based nano-sensors for agricultural and food waste threshold determination  .- Chapter 13:Sustainable Recycling of Dairy-Based Effluents for Carbon Nanomaterials Synthesis: Technologies, Mechanisms, and Applications           .- Chapter 14:Molecular toxicity and mechanisms involved in recycled carbon nanomaterials synthesis and bio applications: in vitro and in vivo .- Chapter 15:Bio-Based Carbon Nanostructure-Aided Photocatalysts for Clean Water in the Environmental System.

This book explores strategies for transforming bio-resource waste into valuable carbon nanomaterials, contributing to the advancement of a circular bioeconomy. By bridging the domains of nanotechnology, waste valorization and sustainability, this volume highlights biosynthetic approaches for fabricating carbon-based materials from agricultural, food and industrial waste streams. Readers will gain insights into carbon sequestration, biochar production, and the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing waste-to-nanomaterial conversion. The book further explores its applications in agriculture, including nano-enabled pesticide delivery, crop spoilage detection and nutrient management, alongside biomedical innovations such as antioxidant and anticancer potential of waste-derived nanostructures. Special emphasis is placed on sector-specific waste sources, such as rice husk, food waste, polythene and dairy effluents, and their transformation into high-value nanomaterials. Toxicological studies, in vitro/in vivo evaluations, and ethical and safety considerations associated with nanomaterial applications are also addressed. This book is a resource for researchers, graduate students, environmental engineers, nanotechnologists and sustainability professionals. It integrates technological advancements with practical solutions for global waste and pollution challenges. It is an essential reference for those seeking to align scientific innovation with sustainable development goals through bio-based resource management and green nanotechnology.

Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology

Carbon Based Nanomaterials An Overview.- Drug Delivery Systems and Technologies.- Carbon Based Nanostructured Materials Designing, Properties and Applications.- Carbon based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery Past, Present and Future Directions.- Carbon Nanomaterial Incorporated Supramolecular Drug Delivery.- Carbon Nanomaterial based Polymeric Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery.- Carbon Nanomaterial incorporated Polysaccharide based Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery.- Graphene based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery.- Carbon Quantum Dots based Materials for Drug Delivery.- Carbon Nanotubes based Materials for Drug Delivery.- Fullerene based Materials for Drug Delivery.- Carbon Nanofiber based Materials for Drug Delivery.- Carbon Nano-onions for Drug Delivery.- Nano Diamond based Materials for Drug Delivery.- Carbon Nanohorns for Drug Delivery.- Carbon based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery A Concluding Remark.

This book comprehensively reviews the incorporation of different types of carbon-based nanomaterials for application in targeted and controlled drug delivery systems. Carbon-based nanomaterials play a vital role as vectors and scaffolds during drug delivery owing to their ultra-small size, non-toxicity, and high water solubility. The chapters in this book present the use of different carbon-based nanomaterials (such as graphene, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and carbon nanofibers) into polymeric and polysaccharide-based matrices for the designing of effective drug delivery vehicles which demonstrate superior performance compared to traditional drug delivery systems. In particular, it demonstrates the incorporation of carbon-based nanomaterials into supramolecular drug delivery systems leading to improved drug delivery properties. This book aims to be a reference for researchers and scientists interested in new nanomaterials for drug delivery applications.

Section 1: Introduction and synthesis of Carbon dots.- Chapter 1: Carbon Nanodots in Health, Food and Agriculture: An Overview.- Chapter 2: Synthesis Methods of Carbon Nanodots.- Chapter 3: Green synthesis of carbon nanodots.- Chapter 4: AI-assisted synthesis of carbon dots.- Chapter 5: Characterization Techniques of Carbon Nanodots.- Section 2: Carbon Nanodots in Human Health.- Chapter 6: Applications of Carbon Dots in Diagnostics and Bioimaging.- Chapter 7: Role of Carbon Nanodots in Drug Delivery.- Chapter 8: Carbon nanodots in the therapy of infectious diseases.- Chapter 9: Carbon Nanodots in Cancer Therapy.- Section 3: Carbon nanodots in Food and Agriculture.- Chapter 10: Carbon Dots in Food and Beverages: Benefits and bottlenecks.- Chapter 11: Carbon Nanodots in Food Safety and Preservation.- Chapter 12: Carbon Nanodots as Fertilizers and Nutrient Carriers.- Chapter 13: Use of Carbon Nanodots in Crop Protection.- Section 4: Challenges and Toxicity.- Chapter 14: Challenges and Opportunities in Scaling Up of Carbon Dots.- Chapter 15: CDs Toxicity to Humans and Plants.- Chapter 16: Toxicity of CNDs to Environment.

This contributed volume explores the innovative applications and transformative potential of carbon nanodots (CNDs) in revolutionizing human health, food security, and agriculture. Edited by leading experts, it provides a comprehensive overview of the synthesis methods and unique properties that establish CNDs as a groundbreaking innovation in nanotechnology. The chapters cover a broad range of topics, including the role of CNDs in drug delivery, antimicrobial resistance, and cancer therapy. Readers will learn how CNDs are advancing diagnostics through bioimaging and biosensors, offering new pathways for early disease detection. The book also highlights their applications in sustainable agriculture, such as enhancing crop growth, protecting crops from pathogens, and improving food preservation techniques. Through a detailed examination of the latest scientific breakthroughs, it provides insights into the practical applications and future potential of CNDs. Additionally, it presents an analysis of the challenges and opportunities in scaling up CND production, addressing critical questions related to safety, toxicity, and regulatory frameworks. This book serves as an invaluable resource for researchers, industry professionals, and students in fields such as nanotechnology, materials science, and biotechnology. It offers essential knowledge for those looking to explore the practical applications and future potential of CNDs. With its emphasis on sustainability and cutting-edge research, this volume invites readers to think critically about the role of CNDs in addressing global challenges in health, food, and agriculture.

Chapter 1: Classification of CNTs.- Chapter 2: Engineering Properties and Technology Development.- Chapter 3: Application Carbon Nanotube-based Electronics.- Chapter 4: The Future of CNT in Electronics Applications.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), tubes of nanometer diameter, have exceptional properties and promising technological applications including in electronics. Different permutations and combination of mechanical, electrical, or chemical properties can be obtained by controlling the structure and surface chemistry and topography of these carbon-based nanomaterials. In this book, carbon nanotube materials, their range of properties from semiconductors, metals, and dielectrics, and fabrication methods, are introduced as well as their current and potential applications in electronics.

1 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Solar Cells.- 2 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Chemical Batteries.- 3 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Supercapacitors.- 4 The Role of Carbon-Based Nanocomposites in Energy Harnessing Applications.- 5 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Hydrogen Storage.- 6 Advances in Carbon-Based Nanocomposite for Thermoelectric Applications.- 7 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Water Purification: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Prospects.- 8 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Environmental Monitoring.- 9 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Solar Steam Evaporation.- 10 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Air Pollution Control.- 11 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Degradation of Microplastic: Current Advances and Future Perspectives.- 12 Carbon-Based Nano Sensors for the Detection of Pollutants.- 13 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Ecological Surveillance.- 14 Revolutionizing Environmental Remediation Through Carbon-Based Nanocomposites.- 15 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Ecosystem Remediation: The AI Approach.- 16 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Pharmaceutical Contaminants Degradation in Water Sources.- 17 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Photoluminescence Applications.- 18 Variation of H2O2 Concentration and Its Effect on Structural, Optical and Morphological Properties of Graphene Synthesized Using Electrochemical Method.

This book presents readers with a comprehensive discussion on carbon-based nanocomposites and their critical role in addressing global sustainability challenges. By bridging the gap between materials science and real-world applications, this book serves as an invaluable resource for academic researchers, engineers, industry professionals, and advanced students in fields such as materials science, engineering, and environmental studies dealing with the unique properties of carbon-based nanomaterials. It provides a detailed view of carbon-based nanocomposites, offering both foundational knowledge and insights into cutting-edge applications that have the potential to drive sustainable progress in the coming years. This Volume Two, the second of three, covers the environmental and renewable energy applications of carbon-based nanocomposites. It focuses on their role in enhancing the efficiency and durability of renewable energy technologies, such as solar cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. Additionally, it addresses their use in water purification, environmental monitoring, and solar steam evaporation. This volume highlights the potential for carbon-based materials to contribute to cleaner, more efficient energy and environmental solutions.

1 Carbon Based Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery.- 2 Applications of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Cancer Therapy.- 3 Carbon Nanocomposites for Drug Delivery and Tissue Regeneration Breakthroughs.- 4 Carbon Based Nanocomposites: Advanced Materials for Tissue Engineering Applications.- 5 Carbon Based Nanocomposites for Sensing and Biosensing.- 6 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Electromagnetic Shielding.- 7 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Photonic Devices.- 8 Carbon Based Nanocomposites as Sensors and Actuators.- 9 Smart Carbon Nanomaterials: Transforming Technology and Industry.- 10 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Shape Memory Materials.- 11 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Self-Healing Materials.- 12 Carbon Based Nanocomposites in Catalytic Conversion.- 13 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites for Electrocatalysis.- 14 Carbon-Based Nanocomposite for Environmental Catalysis.- 15 Advanced Carbon-Based NCs as Electrocatalysts for Sustainable Energy Systems.

This book presents readers with a comprehensive discussion on carbon-based nanocomposites and their critical role in addressing global sustainability challenges. By bridging the gap between materials science and real-world applications, this book serves as an invaluable resource for academic researchers, engineers, industry professionals, and advanced students in fields such as materials science, engineering, and environmental studies dealing with the unique properties of carbon-based nanomaterials. It provides a detailed view of carbon-based nanocomposites, offering both foundational knowledge and insights into cutting-edge applications that have the potential to drive sustainable progress in the coming years. This Volume Three, the third of three, focuses on the emerging applications of carbon-based nanocomposites in biomedicine, electronics, and catalysis. It explores their use in drug delivery, medical imaging, flexible electronics, photonic devices, sensors, and catalytic processes. The volume aims to showcase the flexibility of carbon-based nanocomposites and highlights their potential to revolutionize the technological sector, offering sustainable and cutting-edge solutions.

Surface and Interface and Thin Film

Structure and methods of obtaining CeO2 xnanocrystals.- ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND LUMINESCENT PROPERTIES OF CeO2 x NANOCRYSTALS.- ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF CeO2 x NANOCRYSTALS.- CONTROL OF THE DEFECT STRUCTURE AND REDOX PROPERTIES OF CeO2 x NANOCRYSTALS.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the structure, optical behavior, and redox properties of cerium oxide nanocrystals (CeO₂₋ₓ), with a particular emphasis on their defect chemistry and interactions with reactive oxygen species (ROS). It explores both stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric forms of CeO₂, offering a detailed discussion of how oxygen vacancies, Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ ions, and defect complexes (such as Ce³⁺–Vo–Ce³⁺) govern the luminescence and redox activity of nanoceria. Structured in four in-depth chapters, the book begins with methods of synthesis and doping of CeO₂₋ₓ nanocrystals and continues with an extensive analysis of their electronic structure and luminescent properties. Special attention is paid to the role of defect centers, impurity ions, and energy level distributions in determining the optical response of doped and undoped systems. The third chapter investigates the mechanisms underlying the antioxidant behavior of nanoceria, focusing on their ability to interact with ROS such as hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, hydroxyl radicals, and superoxide anions. Luminescence spectroscopy is presented as a powerful tool for probing these dynamic interactions and elucidating redox mechanisms at the nanoscale. Finally, the book examines how environmental factors—including UV irradiation and pH—can be used to modulate the defect structure and redox properties of CeO₂₋ₓ nanocrystals, with applications in sensing and biomedical contexts. Intended for researchers in nanomaterials, solid-state physics, and bio-nanotechnology, this book offers both a fundamental and application-oriented perspective on cerium oxide nanocrystals as a unique class of redox-active, self-regenerating materials with broad scientific and technological relevance.

Nanobionics: An Innovative Drive Towards Sustainable Agriculture.- Application and Future Prospective of Nanomaterials Towards Nano bionics.- Nanobionics and Nanomaterials: Impact on Soil Microbial Community and Functions.- Role of Nanobionics as Fertilizer in Horticulture.- Nanomaterials Based Agrochemicals Delivery: An Advanced Approach for Sustainable Agriculture.- Prospecting the Significance of Nanobionics in Crop Improvement.- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology for the Delivery of Agrochemicals.- Concern and Outputs of Nano-Enabled Agricultural Strategies on Food Quality.- Emerging Trends in Nanobionics for Endurable Agriculture.- Nano-fertilizer for Climate-Smart Agriculture: A Comprehensive Patent Analysis for Sustainable Soil Management Practices.- Biosafety and Regulatory Aspects of Nano-bionics in Agriculture and Allied Field.- Nano(bio)sensor Technologies: Fostering the Renaissance of Horticulture.- Interaction, Toxicity, and the Fate of Biosynthesized Nanoparticles in the Agroecosystem.- Harnessing Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture: Unveiling Plant-Nanoparticle Interactions and Crop Improvement.- Advancing Food Science from Field to Fork: The Role of Nanobionics in Enhancing Safety, Quality, and Sustainability.

Attempts to apply nanotechnology in agriculture began with the growing realization that conventional farming technologies would neither be able  to  increase productivity any further nor restore ecosystems damaged by existing technologies back to their pristine state; in particular because the long-term  effects of farming with “miracle seeds” in conjunction with irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides, have been questioned both at the scientific and policy levels and must be gradually phased out. Nanotechnology in agriculture has gained momentum in the last decade with an abundance of public funding, but the pace of development is modest even though many disciplines fall under the umbrella of agriculture. One reason this may be is due to the fact that not much information about the safe use of nanomaterials in agriculture system has been accessible in recent years. "Contemporary Suitability of Nanobionics in Agriculture" provides insight into the uses of nanomaterials in agriculture, which will be of particular use for agriculture personnel & beyond. The book includes an overview of nanobionics in agriculture, while also focusing on specific subjects such as recent advances, future outlook, biosafety & regulatory aspects, etc. Nanotechnologic intervention in farming has bright prospects for improving the efficiency of nutrient use through nanoformulations of fertilizers, breaking yield barriers through bionanotechnology, surveillance and control of pests and diseases, understanding mechanisms of host-parasite interactions at the molecular level, development of new-generation pesticides and their carriers, preservation and packaging of food and food additives, strengthening of natural fibers, removal of contaminants from soil and water, improving the shelf-life of vegetables and flowers, clay-based nano-resources for precision water management, reclamation of salt-affected soils, and stabilization of erosion prone surfaces, to name a few.

Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology

Introduction to Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Agriculture.- Synthesis, Properties and Characterization Techniques for Copper-Based Nanomaterials.- Environmental Impacts of Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Agriculture.- Toxicity and Safety Concerns of Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Agriculture.- Synthesis and application of Copper nanofungicides.- Role of Copper nanomaterials for pesticide detection.- Applications of Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Crop Production.- Use of Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Organic Agriculture.- Role of Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Soil Remediation.- Use of Copper-Based Nanomaterials for Nutrient Delivery and Uptake.- Copper-Based Nanomaterials for Enhanced Photosynthesis and Light Harvesting.- Use of Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Seed Germination and Plant Growth.- Copper-Based Nanomaterials for Control of Plant Pathogens and Diseases.- Use of Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Post-Harvest Management.- Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Agricultural Wastewater Treatment.- Use of copper nanomaterials against nematodes.- Effect of Copper-Based Nanomaterials on Soil Microbial Communities.- Copper-Based Nanomaterials for Precision Agriculture and Smart Farming.- Future Prospects of Copper-Based Nanomaterials in Agriculture.

This book provides an in-depth analysis of the latest research on copper-based nanomaterials in agriculture. It explores the properties and characteristics of these materials, along with the methods used for their synthesis and characterization. The book delves into the various applications of copper-based nanomaterials in agricultural practices, assessing both their benefits and challenges. It also addresses concerns about their potential toxicity and environmental impact, offering strategies for minimizing these risks. Additionally, the book discusses the challenges that need to be overcome to ensure the safe and effective use of copper-based nanomaterials in agriculture. A valuable resource for researchers, academics, and professionals in agriculture and nanotechnology, this book provides a comprehensive and insightful understanding of the subject.

Exploring Sustainable Synthesis, Characterization, and Therapeutic Innovations in Nanomedicine

Exosomes Unveiling their Vital Role in Diagnosis Prognosis and Therapeutic Advancements.- Green Synthesis Characterization and Biomedical Applications of Metal Nanocomposites.- Emerging Trends in Green Synthesis of Metal Nanocomposites and Biomedical Applications.- Exploring the Potential of Carbon Quantum Dots Green Synthesis Characterization and Diverse Applications in Biomedical Imaging Drug Delivery Biosensing and Theranostics.- A Complete Overview on Origin and Application of Carbon-Based Nanoparticle from Biomatter in Different Nanotheranostics Medical Applications.- Novel Nanomaterial Carbon Quantum Dots for Biomedical Application.- Cannabidiol in the Immune Response and Its Role in Nanotheranostics.- Piperlongumie Derivates Nanoparticles Causes Cell Death Induced by Oxidative Stress.- Advanced Green Synthesis Techniques of Metal Nanocomposites for Enhanced Biomedical Applications Investigating Biocompatibility Drug Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy.- Non Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Fabricated Metal Nanocomposite and Their Biomedical Applications.- Emerging Advanced Green Synthesis of Carbon Nanocomposites and the Potential Biomedical Applications.- Metal Nanocomposite Strategies in Alzheimers and Parkinsons Diseases Nano Therapeutics.- Applications Self Assembled Biomolecules Based Nanostructures and Their Biomedical Applications.- Unveiling the Potential Green Synthesis and Characterizations of Metal Nanocomposites in Biomedical Applications.- Metal Nanoparticles Loaded Biomaterials for Wound Healing Applications.- Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Chemotherapy: Nano Therapeutics with Metal Nanocomposites.- Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Pivotal Tool for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Applications.- Exploring Nano Bio Materials in Lung Cancer Therapy A Focus on Herbal Remedies Enhancing Herbal Efficacy Through Phytosomal Formulation.- Nano-Bio Materials in Agriculture and Food Sector.- Recent Biomedical Advances of Green Mediated Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Biomaterials play a vital role in medicine today, including restoring function and facilitating diagnosis and disease prevention. Biomaterial-based products consist of either natural or synthetic materials. Biomaterials derived from natural products can consist of materials such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, glycoproteins, lipoproteins, cellular matrix, and its components. These products may be used as alternatives to animal-derived and synthetic chemical products to develop new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches with greater eco-friendliness and sustainability, according to new research. They are also biocompatible, biodegradable, renewable, non-toxic, and capable of remodelling. Recently, scientists have been exploring the potential use of plant-based cellular matrix-based biomaterials for the treatment of various communicable and noncommunicable diseases, a trend that has attracted the attention of global biomedical research. Globally, there has been an increase in the need for more effective treatment and diagnostics as a result of the overwhelming disease burden in society. Current Applications of Nanobiomaterials, Volume 1 and Volume 2 together, outline the most widely used biomaterials derived from non-animal natural resources, such as plants, fungi, algae, and microbes, with a focus on novel therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

Innovative Approaches for Targeted Therapy, Regenerative Medicine, and Disease Management

Nano-therapeutics for Colorectal Cancers with Nano-biomaterials.- Nanotherapeutics for Cardiovascular Diseases with Nanobiomaterials.- Nano-therapeutics for multidrug resistance with nanobiomaterial.- Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials as a diagnostic and therapeutic platform for Diabetes Mellitus.- Nanotherapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease with nano biomaterials.- Metals and non-metals doped carbon dots Synthesis, properties and its applications.- Nanocomposite Biomaterials Merging Nature With Nanotechnology.- Emerging Trends in Nanoparticle Biosynthesis and Their Application as a Novel Biomaterial.- Advancements in Metal Bionanocomposites for Neurodegenerative Diseases.- Recent Enzyme Discovery Engineering Strategies for Biocatalysis and its applications.- Nanomaterial based point of care devices: Medicinal Applications.- Nanotherapeutics for diabetic foot ulcer and wound healing with metal Nano-Bio materials.

Biomaterials play a vital role in medicine today, including restoring function and facilitating diagnosis and disease prevention. Biomaterial-based products consist of either natural or synthetic materials. Biomaterials derived from natural products can consist of materials such as proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, glycoproteins, lipoproteins, cellular matrix, and its components. These products may be used as alternatives to animal-derived and synthetic chemical products to develop new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches with greater eco-friendliness and sustainability, according to new research. They are also biocompatible, biodegradable, renewable, non-toxic, and capable of remodelling. Recently, scientists have been exploring the potential use of plant-based cellular matrix-based biomaterials for the treatment of various communicable and noncommunicable diseases, a trend that has attracted the attention of global biomedical research. Globally, there has been an increase in the need for more effective treatment and diagnostics as a result of the overwhelming disease burden in society. Current Applications of Nanobiomaterials, Volume 1 and Volume 2 together, outline the most widely used biomaterials derived from non-animal natural resources, such as plants, fungi, algae, and microbes, with a focus on novel therapeutic and diagnostic applications.

Materials Engineering

1. Introduction.- 2. Active and smart packaging.- 3. Applications.- 4. Final remarks and future perspectives.- 5. Competing Interests.

This book offers an in-depth exploration of cutting-edge applications of nanoscience, microtechnology, and nanotechnology across health, environment, energy, materials, and food sectors. Organized into two sections—comprehensive reviews and original research—it covers topics such as active and intelligent food packaging, carbon foams from lignocellulosic biomass for wastewater treatment within a circular economy framework, and nanostructured hydrogels derived from residual biomass for medical, agricultural, and food uses. The research section highlights innovations including agronanofungicides to combat Fusarium spp. in corn, alginic acid hydrogels for tissue regeneration, nanocoatings for pepper preservation, SiO₂ and Fe₃O₄ nanomaterials for hyperthermia and controlled drug release, and cytotoxicity studies of plant extracts in nanoencapsulated forms. Together, these contributions provide a comprehensive reference on emerging trends and practical advances in nanomaterials for diverse application

Electronic Structures and Bonding Interaction of Structurally Defined Gold/Silver Superatoms

Chapter 1.Introduction.- Chapter 2.Experimental Setup of Anion Photoelectron Spectroscopy.- Chapter 3.Effect of Heterometal Doping on Electron Affinities of Eight Electron Superatoms.- Chapter 4.Effect of Ligand Substitution on Electron Affinities of Eight Electron Superatoms.- Chapter 5.Bonding Interaction in Homonuclear Superatomic Molecules.- Chapter 6.Bonding Interaction in Heteronuclear Superatomic Molecules.- Chapter 7.Summary and prospects.

This book focuses on ligand-protected gold clusters featuring their atomically precise compositions and unambiguous structures. They mimic electronic shell structures of atoms and are called structurally defined superatoms. The book describes the design principle of superatomic electronic structures and the bonding theory of superatoms as revealed by gas-phase anion photoelectron spectroscopy, which is conducted by using a state-of-the-art home-built apparatus and sheds light on fundamental electronic structures such as density of states and electron affinities otherwise elusive. This study revealed that the energy level of superatomic orbitals can be tuned coarsely by the heterometal doping and finely by the stepwise ligand exchange, respectively. The bonding theory of superatoms was also developed by anion photoelectron spectroscopy of homonuclear and heteronuclear superatoms. The comprehensive review of superatoms and detailed explanation of the apparatus were described in addition to individual studies. This book provides design principles of structurally defined superatoms and stimulates future research on the chemical and physical properties of superatoms.

Plant Stress Responses

.- Chapter 1: Genotype × environment interaction in breeding programs: wide vs. specific adaptation  .- Chapter 2: Impact of genotype-by-environment interaction on grain yield and related traits in multi-environment trials  .- Chapter 3: QTL × environmental interactions underlying phenotypic stability or plasticity in crops: Which one to utilize  .- Chapter 4: Contribution of yield related traits to G×E interaction for grain yield .- Chapter 5: Does Modern Plant Breeding Techniques Increase Crop Stability Performance     .- Chapter 6: Does breeding for abiotic stress tolerance mitigate G×E interactions under a changing climate   .- Chapter 7: Impact of biotic stresses influence on wheat G×E interactions and yield performance  .- Chapter 8: Do soil properties significantly influence the G×E interaction of crop varieties?    .- Chapter 9: Efficiency of multivariate statistical models in analysis of G×E interactions  .- Chapter 10:A comparative study among multivariate statistical methods for analysing G×E interaction  .- Chapter 11:Does drought tolerance enhance crop stability performance?  .- Chapter 12:Genomic selection role to mitigate G×E interaction in plant breeding .- Chapter 13:Can selection in segregating population reduce the effects of G×E interactions in breeding programs?     .- Chapter 14:A comparative study among parametric and non-parametric univariate stability statistics for stability analysis .- Chapter 15:An introductory guide to the usage of statistical softwares for investigating G×E interaction: from theory to application.

This book offers an approach to overcoming the challenges of abiotic stress in agriculture. By focusing on the role of plant elicitors, it provides a comprehensive exploration of how these compounds can activate a plant's immune system, leading to increased resistance against stressors such as salt, heavy metals, and temperature fluctuations. The chapters delve into a range of topics, including the cellular and molecular mechanisms modulated by elicitors, the protocols for their application, and their potential to reduce oxidative damage in plants. The book also addresses the critical questions such as the efficacy of plant elicitors in promoting sustainable agriculture. It also provides information on how physical and chemical treatments can activate plant defense systems and the role of elicitors in achieving a healthier, more productive harvest. Designed for researchers, agricultural professionals, and farmers, this book offers innovative solutions to the challenges of abiotic stress in crops. It provides practical strategies for safeguarding crops and enhancing productivity, making it an invaluable resource for anyone interested in advancing sustainable agricultural practices.

Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology

1. An overview of inflammatory diseases.- 2. Smart Nanomaterials and Nanocarriers: Basic Properties and formulation strategies.- 3. Application of nanomaterials in nanomedicine.- 4. Surface modification, functionalization and bioconjugation of nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery.- 5. Nanomaterial-based drug delivery system in targeting inflammatory disorders.- 6. Nanomaterials application for diagnosis and treatment of common inflammatory disorders.- 7. Nanotechnology-based Therapeutic Approaches for the Management of Osteoarthritis.- 8. Emergence of Nanomaterials in the Management of Multiple Sclerosis.

This book presents the latest technology of sustainable nanomaterials for applications as drug delivery cargos in tackling various inflammatory diseases. The chapters in this book describe nanotechnology-based drug delivery strategies, the mechanistic insights of nanoformulations and their application in managing inflammation diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis, cancer and neurological disorder. It looks into the challenges of using nanomaterials-based smart materials for enhanced therapeutic efficacy while maintaining safe and sustainable procedures. The book is divided into three main sections: A) Fundamental of smart nanocarriers and nanoformulations targeted drug delivery in inflammatory disease; B) Smart nano drug delivery therapy- an emerging approach towards inflammatory diseases and C) Novel nano delivery strategies in targeting major inflammatory diseases. The book targets early researchers and clinical practitioners who are interested in the management and treatment of inflammatory diseases using nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems.  

Synthesis, Plant Growth, Performance, Production and Protection

Carbon-based nanomaterials synthesis and their various applications in agricultural sectors.- Carbon nanomaterials for healthier crop plant growth and enhanced yield.- Crop plants' physiological features and their performance under exposure to carbon nanomaterials.- Biochemical and molecular response of crop plants exposed to carbon nanomaterials.- Positive and negative impact of carbon-based nanomaterials on plant growth performance.- Proteomic study on the effects of carbon-based nanomaterials on crop plants.- Carbon-based nanomaterials and gene expression in crop plants.- Enhancement of seed germination of important crop plant species using carbon-based nanomaterials.- Influence of carbon-based nanomaterials on cell toxicity, nutritional and active compound accumulation in crop plant system.- Carbon-based nanosensors in agricultural practices.- Carbon nanosensors for herbicides detection.- Role of carbon-based nanomaterials in crop plants drought stress management.- Role of carbon-based nanomaterials in crop plants salinity stress management.- Role of carbon-based nanomaterials in crop plants temperature/heat stress management.- Role of carbon-based nanomaterials in crop plants nutrients stress management.- Role of carbon-based nanomaterials in biotic stresses management.- Carbon-based nanomaterials in crop plant diseases management.- Role of carbon-based nanomaterials as bactericides and fungicides in an agricultural system.- Impact of carbon-based nanomaterials on plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and sustainable agricultural crop plant production.- Impact of carbon-based nanomaterials on soil microbiomes and associated activities.- Impact of carbon-based nanomaterials in tissue culture medium and plant growth performance.- Risk assessment and regulatory decision-making for carbon-based nanomaterial use in agriculture sectors.- Ethical aspects related to the use of carbon-based nanomaterials in agriculture practices.

The potential use of carbon-based nanomaterials in overall plant systems has not yet received much research, and the results that have been reported are typically descriptive and inconsistent with little knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of action. Changes in gene expression and enhanced ROS production are among the physiological processes that may be impacted by interactions with carbon nanomaterials. They penetrate plant cells, are readily taken up by plants, and then influence the key events of plants such as seed germination, seedling growth, root formation, photosynthesis, flowering, yield, and overall performance. Moreover, in terms of soil quality, carbon nanomaterials have the capacity to influence the health status of agricultural soils, and thus, increase sustainable agriculture practices. Currently, plant disease management depends mainly on toxic pesticides that are potentially harmful to humans and the environment. These particles have enabled their use as bactericides, fungicides, and nanofertilizers. Carbon nanomaterials, however, which may be helpful in plant nucleic acid delivery, pesticide and fertilizer application, wastewater treatment, eradication of pathogen-induced plant illnesses, and detection of significant plant molecules, are the subject of this book. The use of carbon nanoparticles in tissue culture medium and plant growth performance has also been examined. The so-called ‘safe-by-design’ strategy for a guided design of nanomaterials without harmful environmental side effects requires knowledge of the special structural properties of particles that determine the deleterious impacts on living beings. Accordingly, the environmental safety, and ethical issues related to the use of carbon nanomaterials in agricultural sectors have been also explored. Overall, the book in hand provides an extensive, important, and selected topic related to carbon nanomaterials in agricultural sectors. This book provides valuable information to scientists, researchers, and students, working especially on agricultural science, plant science, plant pathology, plant biology, plant nanobiotechnology, plant biochemistry, soil microbiology, and other allied subjects.

Agricultural Biotechnology

 Introduction to Nanoengineering in Agroecosystem Management.- Plant-Based Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles for agroecosystem.- Bionanomaterial Synthesis from Agricultural Waste.- Nano sensors for Agroecosystem Monitoring.- Interactions, toxicity, and the fate of nanoparticles in agroecosystems.- Nano-seed science for revolutionizing the seed industry.- Nano-fertilizers for plant nutrition.- Nano-biofertilizers for sustainable soil management.- Nanobiosensors for detection of soil health.- Efficacy of nano-herbicides in weed management of cereals.- Nano-pesticides for controlling polyphagous pests.- Nanosensors for detection of plant pathogens.- Alleviation of salt, drought, nutrient, and other plant-affecting stresses through nanoparticles.- Removal of environmental pollutants through smart nanohybrids.- A carbon-based nanocomposite for environmental cleaning.- Nanosensors for detection of heavy metals/pollutants in plants and soil.- Risk assessment, and regulatory policies for nanoparticles in relation to agricultural practices.- Nanoparticles in Plant Growth and Health.

This book covers the challenges and applications of nanotechnology for managing agroecosystems from maintaining seed quality and ends with food packaging and processing. It covers the use of nanocomposites to manage seed germination, nutrition, biotic and abiotic stresses, and the productivity of crops and the use of nanosensors in detecting pests, pathogens, and pollutants and forecasting soil and crop health. In addition, it also focuses on the risk assessment and regulatory policies of nanoparticles to explore the potential of smart delivery systems in agroecosystems. The book is helpful for students, researchers, growers, policymakers, in the field of nanotechnology in agriculture, sustainable agriculture, soil science, and environmental science.  

Materials Engineering

Prospects for the Development of Nanomaterials.- Catalysts in Nanomaterials.- Map to Nanomaterials through Green Nanotechnology.- Glucose Sensor using Metal Nanoparticles.- Nanocoatings: Design, Development and Application.- Nanocomposites-based Sensors and Medical Devices.- Nanomaterials' Significance in Engineering Applications.- Thin Film Synthesis and its Applications.- Nanofiber Applications in Tissue Engineering.- Applications of Nanocomposites.

This book comprehensively covers the development of nanomaterials for applications in life sciences, catalysis and materials engineering. It presents modern, sophisticated solutions to modify the optical, chemical, mechanical and electrical properties of nanomaterials specifically to be used as materials for catalysis, green chemistry, biosensors, medical devices, tissue scaffolds, structural materials, cosmetics, sustainable agriculture, food engineering. In particular, the book deals with carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) for uses in biological, environmental and engineering sciences. The textbook contains didactic elements such as end of chapter problems, worked examples within the chapters and systematic approach to the design of nanomaterials for specific applications; it acts as reference for students and researchers working in the field.

Agricultural Biotechnology

Contaminants and soil-crop plant systems.- Emerging soil contaminants and their persistence in crop plants, soil, and environments.- Nanofertilizers in improving soil quality and crop plant growth.- Use of phytoremediation in improving soil status.- Cadmium: uptake, toxicity and tolerance in crop plants and management of Cd-contaminated soil.- Lead: uptake, toxicity and tolerance in crop plants and management of Pb-contaminated soil .- Mercury: uptake, toxicity and tolerance in crop plants and management of Hg-contaminated soil.- Arsenic: uptake, toxicity and tolerance in crop plants and management of As-contaminated soil.-  Zinc: uptake, toxicity and tolerance in crop plants and management of Zn-contaminated soil.- Nickel: uptake, toxicity and tolerance in crop plants and management of Ni-contaminated soil.- Silicon: uptake, toxicity and tolerance in crop plants and management of Si-contaminated soil.- Exploring genetic and molecular methods to induce crop plant tolerance under various contamination.- Biological tools for improving crop plant growth under contaminants.- Understanding the impact of herbicides, insecticides and fungicides stress for crop plant growth and production.- Combined impact of heavy metal and oil sludge on crop plant growth, physiology, and contaminant removal.- Mitigating metal-induced toxicity in crop plants using PGPR.- Understanding physiological and biochemical pathways responsible for stress tolerance mechanisms in crop plants.- Managing defence mechanisms in crop plants using phytohormones under contaminants.- Managing defence mechanisms in crop plants using nutrients under contaminants.- Managing defence mechanisms in crop plants using nanomaterials under contaminants.- Improving crop plants production under stressed-soils using poly-omics techniques and transcriptomic analysis.- Safety issues associated with the usesof micro and nano contaminants.

This book explores the uptake, toxicity, and tolerance of various contaminants in crop plants and discusses genetic and molecular methods, as well as biological tools, to improve plant growth under contamination stress. The book also covers defense mechanisms in plants using phytohormones and nanomaterials, along with safety concerns related to micro and nano-contaminants. Contaminants in soil-crop plant systems pose a significant challenge to sustainable agriculture, environmental health, and food security. These pollutants, such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, salts, nanomaterials, and toxic metals like cadmium, lead, mercury, and arsenic, can enter the food chain through contaminated soil and crops. These substances can damage plants, alter their growth processes, and compromise their integrity. As a result, the persistence of such chemicals within the ecosystem can remain unchanged, affecting plant health and soil quality. This book looks at the effective management practices for the use and disposal of contaminants that are essential to limit their harmful dynamics. It highlights the various interventions for the their tolerance and survival mechanisms of plants against contaminants that can disrupt morpho-physiological and biochemical. It also highlights the use of signaling molecules, phytohormones, plant nutrients, bioaugmented agents, and nanomaterials that can support plants in coping with contamination, improving growth and productivity. This book is a good resource for upper-level students, faculty, scientists, and researchers working especially in nanobiotechnology, plant biology, plant biochemistry, botanical or crop sciences, environmental sciences, ecological sciences, and other allied subjects and or science.

Nanophotonics and Plasmonics

Introduction.- FDTD method.-Frequency-Dependent FDTD method.- Plasmonic waveguide.-Demultiplexer based on 3-D MIM waveguide.- SPR (Surface Plasmon Resonance) waveguide sensor in the terahertz regime.- Kretschmann- and Otto-type SPR waveguide sensors in the terahertz regime.-Waveguide polarizer in the THz regime.- Grating consisting of InSb-coated dielectric cylinders in the THz regime.- Terahertz surface wave splitter.

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) analysis of plasmonic devices, shedding light on their applications from optical to terahertz regimes. By delving into frequency-dependent formulations and innovative computational methods, it provides a robust framework for understanding the intricacies of plasmonic devices. Key concepts such as surface plasmon polariton, surface plasmon resonance, and metal-insulator-metal waveguides are meticulously examined. The book addresses critical questions about the efficiency and functionality of plasmonic sensors and demultiplexers, offering insights into the latest advancements in the field. With contributions from leading experts, it presents a blend of theoretical perspectives and practical case studies, making it an essential resource for anyone interested in cutting-edge plasmonic technology. Engineers, researchers, and graduate students in the fields of optics and terahertz technology will find this book invaluable. It not only can enhance their understanding of FDTD methods but also will equip them with the knowledge to apply these techniques to real-world plasmonic device applications. Whether for a seasoned professional or a curious learner, this book is a gateway to the future of plasmonic research.

Nanoscale Design, Synthesis and Processing

Characterization and Analytical Technique

Ferrites.- Synthesis Protocol.- Characterization of ferrites.- Chemical composition of organic dyes.- Techniques for wastewater treatment.- Conclusion, challenges, and future perspective.

The book is an in-depth introduction to ferrite nanomaterials, including their properties and classification by crystal structure and magnetic field characteristics. It details the latest synthesis protocols, employing both top-down and bottom-up approaches such as sol-gel, hydrothermal, laser ablation, and ball milling. Subsequent chapters focus on advanced techniques for structural, morphological, and magnetic characterization, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. A unique feature of this work is its dedicated analysis of organic dye chemistry, exploring the composition of cationic and anionic dyes and their relevance to wastewater treatment. The book also discusses conventional and advanced methods for wastewater treatment, with a special emphasis on catalytic and photocatalytic activity. It examines the factors influencing photocatalytic performance, providing insights into designing efficient materials for environmental remediation. This text is an indispensable resource for researchers, graduate students, and professionals in materials science, nanotechnology, photocatalysis, and catalysis. It not only consolidates current knowledge but also offers a roadmap for future advancements in ferrite nanomaterials for environmental and catalytic applications.

Nanoparticle Synthesis

INTRODUCTION TO GRAPHENE NANOSCALE CONDUCTIVE INK.- GRAPHENE MATERIALS FOR THE FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY.- DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING OF CONDUCTIVE INK.- EVALUATION OF ELECTRICAL-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF NANOSCALE INK.- CONCLUSION AND FUTURE CHALLENGES.

This book highlights the relationship between electrical and mechanical hybridization of graphene nanoplatelet, silver flake, and zinc conductive ink for flexible nanoelectronics. It focuses on optimizing filler loading, curing temperature, and duration to enhance adhesion, conductivity, and mechanical strength. It discusses hybrid ink formulations prepared and tested through resistance and mechanical analyses, including peel, shear, and bending tests. Microstructural evaluations using SEM and EDX confirm uniform dispersion and strong interfacial bonding. Optimized hybrid ink cured at 250 °C for five hours presents low resistivity, excellent adhesion, and high durability under stress. The findings provide valuable insight into curing–adhesion relationships and suggest further exploration of additives to improve high-temperature performance.

Microsystems and MEMS

1. Manufacturing methods for microfluidic devices using microscale physics.- 2. A brief introduction to Micro-electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and the process of manufacturing them.- 3. Bio MEMS.- 4. Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) Based Microfluidic Devices for Biomedical Applications (micropumps).- 5. Integration of biosensors and microfluidics and their application.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of microfluidic-assisted devices and bioMEMS, covering their fundamental principles, manufacturing processes, and biomedical applications. It explores the design, fabrication, and integration of microfluidic devices and MEMS, emphasizing their role in microscale physics and biomedical engineering. Key topics include micropumps, biosensors, and organ-on-a-chip systems, with applications in drug discovery, disease diagnosis, and tissue engineering. The book also discusses recent advances in the field, particularly the integration of biosensors with microfluidic systems, highlighting their growing impact on biomedical research and healthcare innovations.

Sensors and biosensors

Chapter 1 Introduction and Properties of Functional Micro and Nano Materials.- Chapter 2 Surface Enhanced Raman Technology and SERS Sensor Detection Applications.- Chapter 3 Lateral Flow Immunoassay Probe Materials and Sensing Detection Applications.- Chapter 4 Optical Nanoprobes and Their Biomedical Detection Applications.- Chapter 5 Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles in Sensor Detection.- Chapter 6 Sensors Based on One-Dimensional Nanomaterials.- Chapter 7 Two-dimensional Nanomaterials and Smart Sensor Devices.- Chapter 8 Liquid Metal Micro-Nano Processing and Flexible Electronic Sensors.- Chapter 9 Intelligent Sensor Devices Based on Active Micro-Nano Probes of Micro-Nano Motors.

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of functional micro/nanomaterials and their integration into intelligent sensor devices. It primarily delves into surface-enhanced Raman substrate probes, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) sensing detection mechanisms, lateral flow immunoassay probes, and optical nanoprobe technologies, underscoring their significance in biomedical detection. Moreover, it provides an in-depth analysis of the intelligent sensing capabilities of magnetic nanoparticles, one-dimensional nanomaterials, two-dimensional nanomaterials, liquid metal micro/nanostructures, and micro/nanomotors. This book is particularly beneficial for those with a foundational understanding of nanomaterials and a keen interest in functional micro/nanomaterials and intelligent sensing technologies. It enables readers to gain a thorough understanding of the properties and characteristics of functional micro/nanomaterials, the underlying principles of signal generation in sensing detection, and offers insights into the latest research developments and existing challenges within the field of intelligent sensing applications. The basis of English translation of this book, originally in Chinese, was facilitated by artificial intelligence. The content was later revised by the authors for accuracy.

1. Introduction To Biodegradable Food Packaging.- 2. Plastics And Microplastics Environmental And  Health Hazards.- 3. Metal/Metal Oxide Nanomaterials In Biodegradable Food Packaging.- 4. Chitosan Based Films For Food Packaging Applications.- 5. Nanoemulsions In Food Packaging.- 6. Nanoclays In Food Packaging.- 7. Quantum Dots In Food Packaging.- 8. Functional Food Packaging Active, Intelligent, And Smart Bio-Nanocomposites.- 9. Migration And Safety Issues In Food Packaging Bionanocomposites.

This book covers the recent developments in biopolymer nanocomposite materials and their possible impact on the food packaging industry. The food industry has been one of the highest consumers of plastics for the past two decades, where plastics have been used in huge amounts as food packaging materials. The generation of non-biodegradable plastic-based municipal solid waste, especially due to food packaging industry, has now become one of the two paramount problems faced by the world today. The other problem is being the wastage of food in humongous quantities annually. With the onset of globalization, food produced in one part of the world became available to people living in another part. However, during transportation and storage, a plethora of food gets wasted due to microbial contamination of chemical oxidation. This book looks into biopolymer nanocomposites, and it’s the ability to address both these issues. It presents the very essence of biopolymer nanocomposite technology with the combination of various nanomaterials and biopolymer to yield a functional product for food packaging, which is demonstrated in the various chapters. In general, this book caters to the needs of students involved in nanotechnology, biotechnology, food technology, industrial chemistry, and many others other interdisciplinary subjects.

Introduction to Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials.- Principles and Methods of Green Synthesis.- Green Nanomaterials - An Agriculture and Circular Economy Alternative.- Green nanomaterials: Mechanisms of Action in Plant Systems.- Plant Stress.- Soil Interaction and Health.- Green Synthesized Nanofertilizers and Plant Growth Promoters.- Green Synthesized Nanotechnology in Pest and Disease Management.- Sustainable Nanofertilizers and Plant Nutrition.- Post-Harvest Applications of Green Synthesized Nanomaterials.- Environmental and Ecotoxicological Impact.- Ensuring Safe Nanotechnology: A Biosafety and Regulatory Perspective.- Economic and Sustainability Aspects.- Circular Economy Principles.- Circular Economy and Sustainability.- Sustainability and Economics.- Innovative Applications in Sustainable Agriculture.

Since their first appearance, nanoscience and nanotechnology have focused on diverse materials science applications and more recently on agriculture as an emerging research area. New nanomaterials synthesis methods have been explored to reduce toxicological and chemical impact on the environment, such as through biosynthesis methods – using diverse bio sources of extracts as reductive and stabilizing agents, generating a sustainable synthesis. Although nanotechnology seems to be an approach for advanced agriculture, it is essential to know all nanomaterial action mechanisms, as these materials can be beneficial to specific organisms and detrimental to others. This book provides a comprehensive and scientifically robust exploration of the synthesis, characterization, and application of green synthesized nanomaterials in agriculture, framed within the principles of the circular economy. This book bridges the gap between nanotechnology and sustainable agricultural practices, offering insights into how green nanomaterials can enhance agricultural productivity while minimizing environmental impact. This book will serve as a key reference for researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and students in the fields of nanotechnology, agriculture, and environmental science. By providing a detailed and scientifically grounded examination of green synthesized nanomaterials, the book promotes sustainable agricultural practices that align with the principles of the circular economy.

Introduction to the isolation of chitin and chitosan and their properties.- Properties and synthesis of chitin-based nanoparticles.- Characterization Techniques for Chitin-based Nanoparticles.- Role of Agrochemical-loaded chitin nanoparticles for insect pest management.- Chitin-based Nanoparticles for Plant Disease Management.- Chitin-based Nanoparticles for Soil Remediation.- Role of Chitin-based Nanoparticles for Crop Nutrition and Fertilization.- Chitin-based Nanoparticles for Crop Plant Growth Promotion.- Application of Chitin/Chitosan-Based Agro nano chemicals in Crop Protection.- Challenges and Limitations of Chitin-based Nanoparticles in Agriculture.- Future Perspectives and Opportunities for Chitin-based Nanoparticles in Agriculture.- Chitin and chitosan-based hydrogel and their use in Agriculture.

This book provides an overview of chitin-based nanoparticles, including their properties, synthesis methods, and characterization techniques. It will also discuss the potential uses of chitin-based nanoparticles in agriculture, such as in crop protection, nutrient delivery, and soil improvement as well as potential areas for future research and development. Overall, the book would present a comprehensive and accessible resource for researchers, agricultural workers, policymakers, and other stakeholders who are interested in learning about the potential applications and benefits of chitin-based nanoparticles in agriculture.

1. Chitosan Nanoparticles.- 2. Preparation and Functionalization of the chitosan derivatives.- 3. Green derivatization of chitosan nanoparticles.- 4. Modification of Chitosan Nanoparticles (CSNPs).- 5. Regulatory Status and Clinical Trials of Chitosan and Derivatives.

This book highlights the latest advances and novel technologies for the preparation, functionalization, and green derivitization of chitosan nanoparticles. The modification, biomedical applications, regulatory status and clinical trials of chitosan and its derivatives are also presented. Effective and innovative strategies enable increased influence on final characteristics, stability, and sustainability of chitosan nanoparticles.  The book begins by examining chitosan nanoparticles, preparation and functionalization of the chitosan derivatives. This is followed by in-depth coverage of green derivatization and modification of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs), regulatory status and clinical trials of chitosan and derivatives, characterization techniques for the chitosan nanoparticles and derivatives along with key applications of modified CSNPs in water, food and agriculture industries, and biomedical applications including chemotherapy. The final chapters provide detailed discussions on chitosan as tools to combat COVID-19 and recent challenges and future prospectus of green derivatized chitosan nanoparticles.

Plant Stress Responses

Chitosan nanoparticles: An overview.- Overview of abiotic stress and its agricultural impact.- Overview of biotic stress and its agricultural impact.- Salinity stress management using chitosan nanoparticles.- Using chitosan nanoparticles in the alleviation of water stress.- Chitosan nanoparticles under temperature extremes.- Heavy metals stress mitigation by chitosan nanoparticles.- Suppression of plant virus diseases through chitosan nanoparticles.- Bacterial plant disease management using chitosan nanoparticles.- Chitosan nanoparticles in fungal plant disease control.- Chitosan nanoparticles in insect pest and plant diseases control.- Emerging trends in chitosan nanoparticles for abiotic stress management.- Future prospects for chitosan nanoparticles in biotic stress tolerance.- Challenges in the application of chitosan nanoparticles for agriculture.

This book explores the impact of chitosan nanoparticles on plants under various stress conditions. The book highlights the versatility and efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles as a stress-alleviating agent, emphasizing their role in improving plant health and productivity. It reveals all possible features that chitosan nanoparticles might bear as a stress-alleviating agent, underlining their role in promoting plant health and productivity. This book highlights the molecular and physiological pathways through which a response brought by chitosan nanoparticles occurs and sheds light on their mode of action. In it, issues such as control over oxidative stress, modulation of hormones, and gene expression are thoroughly discussed in a manner that provides a complete understanding of how chitosan nanoparticles improve plant resilience. The information is important in the development of specific, targeted approaches to solving particular agricultural problems. Beyond this, this book reviews the applications of chitosan nanoparticles within the scope of foliar spray, soil treatment, and seed dressing. This book aims to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, students, and practitioners seeking to harness the potential of chitosan nanoparticles in agriculture. Addressing current challenges and future opportunities pave the way for the development and adoption of innovative technologies that contribute to global food security and environmental sustainability. This book features contributions from leading researchers and professionals in the fields of plant science, nanotechnology, and agricultural sustainability, ensuring a multidisciplinary perspective.

Nanoscale Design, Synthesis and Processing

Industrial Scale-up Production of Nanoparticles; Challenges and Opportunities.- Nanocrystalisation for scaled up manufacturing of nanoparticles.- Spray drying techniques for nanoparticles production.- Mechanical milling for scaled up manufacturing of nanoparticles.- Emulsion techniques for nanoparticle production.- Vapour phase production of nanoparticles.- Microreactor for nanoparticles production.- High pressure homogenization techniques for nanoparticle production.- Extrusion for nanoparticles production.- Solgel and solvothermal methods for nanoparticles production.- Supercritical fluid technologies for nanoparticle production.- Plasma and Laser technology for nanoparticles production.- Sonochemical methods for nanoparticle production.- Nanolithographic techniques for scaled up manufacturing of nanostructures.- Microbial factories for scaled up production of nanoparticles.- Product separation, purification, storage and packaging.- Quality assurance in nanoparticles production.- Process economics in nanoparticle production.- Life cycle assessment (LCA) and nanomaterials production.- Health and safety aspects of nanoparticle production at industrial scale.

This book provides a detailed review of the scaled-up production of nanoparticles. A recent estimation suggests that the global nanotechnology is a trillion-dollar business with the exponential rise of nanotechnology-based industries worldwide. In such scenario, nanoparticle production plays a vital role. This book describes the fundamentals, practical aspects, and pros and cons of nanoparticle production techniques such as nanocrystallization, sonochemical methods, supercritical fluid technologies, emulsion techniques, nanolithographic techniques, high-pressure homogenization techniques, spray drying techniques, extrusion, mechanical milling, plasma techniques, sol-gel and solvothermal methods, vapor-phase production, microreactors, microbial factories, and laser technology. In addition, quality assurance in nanoparticle production and lifecycle assessment in nanomaterials production will be discussed. The content of this text will give insight to practitioners and researchers during the selection of nanoparticle production technologies in industrial-scale nanoparticle manufacturing for various applications. In addition, this book will be a practical guide for scaled-up production of nanoparticles for undergraduate and graduate-level students and also useful for Ph.D. students.

Materials for Energy and Catalysis

Chapter 1: Introduction to Sustainable Energy and Climate Change.- Chapter 2: Carbon Free Energy- Free Energy SupplyChapter 3: Overview of Noble Metals.- Chapter 4: Noble Metal Based Nanosensors for Environmental Detection.- Chapter 5: Nanomaterials for hazardous waste management.- Chapter 6: Role of Noble Metals in the Efficiency of Solar Cells.- Chapter 7: Contribution of Noble Metals in Agriculture.- Chapter 8: Application of Noble Metal Nanoparticles towards Supercapacitors.- Chapter 9: Role of Noble Metals in Fuel Cells and Batteries.- Chapter 10: Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Pollutant Decomposition.- Chapter 11: Noble Metal Based Nanoparticles for CO2 Reduction and Hydrogen Production.

This book introduces the transformative potential of noble metals. It addresses the urgent need for sustainable energy and environmental solutions and examines how noble metal nanoparticles can play an essential role in combating climate change. By studying the unique physical, chemical and optical properties of precious metals that make them ideal catalysts for clean technologies. Discover how precious metals are revolutionizing solar cells, supercapacitors, fuel cells and water treatment systems, paving the way for a cleaner, greener future. The book provides a useful guide for a wide readership in various areas of catalysis, materials science, environmental and energy technology. It offers a comprehensive and integrated introduction to climate change and sustainable energy and shows various application examples of noble metals. An ideal companion for students and researchers in interdisciplinary areas such as physics, biotechnology and environmental sciences.

Two-dimensional Materials

Introduction.- Foundations of multiphysics at the nanoscale.- Applied methods for materials and structures preparation.- Thermal transport in two-dimensional nanolayers.- Thermoelectricity in 2D–3D nanostructures.- Local thermoelectricity in layered nanostructures.- Thermal, electrical and mechanical cross-interaction in nanostructures.- Conclusions and perspectives.

In this book, the limited understanding of the local thermal, mechanical and thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials is addressed through the development of advanced scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques specifically designed to quantify these nanoscale physical phenomena. The increased research focus on 2D systems, initiated by the Nobel Prize-winning discovery of graphene, has driven a substantial expansion of the field into new materials, heterostructures and unique physical features, with research output growing exponentially each year. Yet, despite the extensive progress in exploring their electronic characteristics, equally significant properties such as thermal transport, mechanical response and thermoelectric behavior remain comparatively underexplored. This knowledge gap arises largely from the lack of experimental methodologies capable of accurately probing atomically thin layers and nanoscale domains. By introducing novel SPM approaches and refined analytical and numerical models, this book provides the means to perform direct, quantitative measurements of these properties and to study their complex interactions, i.e., thermoelectric, thermomechanical and electromechanical phenomena, at an unprecedented level of precision. The combination of experimental innovation and theoretical modeling reported here enables the discovery of new physical characteristics and material behaviors that extend the boundaries of 2D material science. Altogether, this work offers a comprehensive and detailed study of the experimental methods, modeling principles and resulting breakthroughs, becoming an essential resource for academic and industrial researchers exploring the fundamental understanding and application of 2D materials and their heterostructures.

Historical Overview.- Introduction to Nanoworld & Related Basic Quantum Mechanics.- Basic Ideas & Theory of Field Emission.- Basic Microscopic Techniques to Characterize Carbon Nanostructures.- Measurement of Field Emission Current.- A Brief Overview of Carbon Nano World: Synthesis and Properties.- Field Emission from Carbon Materials.- Heat Losses in Carbon Field Emitters.- Applications of Cold Field Emission.

This book presents a detailed theoretical and experimental overview of electron field emission phenomena from carbon-based nanostructures and discusses many promising applications in different areas of technology. Electron emission from carbon nanostructures has become a very important field of research owing primarily to its scope of application in, e.g., new display technology, as well as its potential to provide deep insight into materials surfaces. Beginning with basic introductions to nanoscience, nanostructures, and the fundamental theories of field-assisted electron emission, the book then looks at important aspects of instrumentation and measurement techniques of field emission phenomena. Subsequent chapters are devoted to looking at the various physical aspects of carbon as one of the most efficient field emitters, as well as the effect of electron field emission under the application of microwave fields. The final chapter is devoted to the different fields of applications benefitting greatly from field emission display technology, including various microscopic imaging techniques, sensors, nanolithography, mass spectrometers, and gas lasers. This book is written so that students, researchers, and engineers involved in materials science with carbon-based nanotechnology will find it both useful and understandable.

1. State of the art, opportunities, and challenges of sustainable macro, micro, and nanocomposites.- 2. Processing and structure-property relationships of green composites.- 3. Revolutionizing packaging with sustainable polymer composites.- 4. Pioneering sustainable building solutions with green polymer composites.- 5. Advancements and opportunities of green polymer composites in agriculture.

This book emphasizes the latest advancements in green composites, with a focus on incorporating micro and nano-sized particles into sustainable polymers. The escalating global energy demands and the depletion of fossil fuels are compelling scientists worldwide to explore “green materials” derived from natural resources. While synthetic materials cannot be entirely replaced, researchers are exerting significant efforts to minimize hazardous materials by utilizing sustainable polymers. Further studies are necessary to optimize the efficiency of green polymers reinforced with micro and nanomaterials. This book highlights the diverse applications of sustainable composites. It benefits academics, industrialists, and researchers, offering insights into reducing the environmental impact caused by synthetic composites through green composites. Additionally, this book discusses necessary steps for the commercialization of sustainable polymer composites. While numerous books address green composites, there is a gap in the market regarding the commercialization aspects and measures taken to reduce carbon footprints, this book addresses that gap.

Nanoscale Design, Synthesis and Processing

Introduction to Nanoengineered Materials.- Molecular Dynamics Simulation: An Overview.- Machine Learning.- Prospects of Machine Learning driven Atomistic Simulations: A Review.- Fracture Response of Graphene: A Data Driven Characterization.- Nanoscale Ballistic Response of Bi-Layer Graphene: ML Driven Approach.- Inter-Atomic Potential Parametrization for Graphene.- High Entropy Alloy: A Data Driven Quasi-Static Characterization.- Etc...

This book provides a comprehensive overview of data-driven nano-scale characterization of materials. It covers the concept of accelerated computational characterization of nano-materials by individually addressing the detailed understanding of molecular dynamics simulation, machine learning, and interface of molecular dynamics and machine learning for establishing the foundation of materials informatics. It further presents a methodology for integrating molecular simulation with computationally efficient machine learning methods. The book aims to present a comprehensive understanding of the synergy between atomistic simulations and data-driven descriptive analytics. The contents of the book are presented as end-to-end projects for solving a specific problem associated with the structural application of the materials and challenges in performing large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. The proposed book emphasizes on the successful application of machine learning driven molecular dynamics simulation framework in studying low-dimensional and high-dimensional materials, as well as high entropy alloys. It also explores force-field modeling, optimization strategies, uncertainty quantification, sensitivity analysis, and the essential programming skills needed for materials informatics. Readers can expect to explore a range of exciting topics, including a detailed overview of molecular dynamics simulation, the intricate interface between machine learning and simulation techniques, and a data-driven approach to understanding low-dimensional materials. The book offers a comprehensive understanding of data analytics in materials characterization and subsequent data visualization. The computational framework proposed in the book will be useful in envisioning the bottom-up design pathway for harnessing the physical characteristics of materials systems. 

Part 1: Role of Medicinal Plants in Nanoparticles Technology.- Green nanotechnology: Medicinal plants as nano-factories. Role of phytocompounds: Synergism between nanomaterial and medicinal plants.- Part 2: Application of Medicinal Plant-derived Nanoparticles Against Bacterial Pathogens.- Medicinal plant-derived nanoparticles against foodborne pathogens.- Medicinal plant-derived nanoparticles against Gram-negative bacteria.- Medicinal plant-derive nanoparticles against biofilm-forming bacteria.- Rise of Multiple Drug Resistant Bacteria: Need for alternatives.- Mechanistic insights: Behaviour of nanomaterial in bacterial environment.-  Part 3: Application of Medicinal Plant-derived Nanoparticles Against Fungal Pathogens.- Global burden of fungal infections and medicinal plant-based treatments.- Medicinal plant-derived nanoparticles against disease-causing fungi.- Medicinal plant-derived nanoparticles against pathogenic Candida species.- Part 4: Role of Medicinal Plant-derived Nanoparticles Against Cancers.- Emerging Hope Beyond Chemotherapy: Phyto-nanotechnology Fights Cancer.- Role of Medicinal Plant-derived Nanoparticles Against Cancers.- Boosting Immunotherapy: Nanoparticles aiding body’s defence.- Mechanism of Action: Nanoparticles targeting Tumors.- Part 5: Role of Medicinal Plant-derived Nanoparticles Against Chronic Diseases.- Shaping the Future of Chronic Diseases: A phyto-mediated natural approach.- Role of Medicinal Plant-derived Nanoparticles Against Chronic Diseases. Phytomediated nanoparticles and Diabetes.- Cardiovascular Health: Green Nanoparticles and heart health.- Neurodegenerative Diseases: Nanotechnology to Rescue.- Respiratory Disorders: Breath Healthy with Green Nanotechnology.

Green nanotechnology involves the development of smaller and more efficient materials while prioritizing the reduction of harm to the environment and the improvement of human well-being. Scientists are utilizing environment friendly techniques to synthesize nanomaterials, resulting in solutions that are both potent and environmentally safe for future generations. Green nanotechnology is centered around achieving a harmonious combination of the immense possibilities offered by nanoscience and the pressing necessity to safeguard our planet. This book demonstrates how this subject is not only spearheading a technical revolution but also fostering a fresh surge of environmental awareness. Green nanotechnology is paving the way for a future in which innovation and environmental responsibility are closely intertwined, by prioritizing sustainable development. This book thoroughly examines the fundamental principles of green nanotechnology particularly using medicinal plants and investigates its role in promoting sustainable practices in the fields of medicine and therapeutics. It elucidates the ways in which green synthesis techniques are enhancing the safety and sustainability of nanomaterial production. This book examines the application of nanotechnology in developing effective remedies for treating bacterial, fungal, and several chronic human ailments. Nanotechnology is leading the way in revolutionizing healthcare, by addressing persistent infections and enhancing the treatment of chronic diseases. In the complex interplay of existence, where each cell and molecule fulfills a vital role, the emergence of nanotechnology has brought forth a revolutionary ally. Nanotechnology, which operates at the atomic and molecular level, is crucial for significant breakthroughs in human health. Nanotechnology is a revolutionary force that is fundamentally changing our understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases, rather than simply being a tool. This book explores the innovative methods in which nanotechnology is being developed to seamlessly integrate with the body’s inherent mechanisms. This book offers innovative applications that navigate the bloodstream to eradicate pathogens, selectively target nanoparticles that release medication only when necessary, and provide mechanistic insights. 

Introduction and Basic Concepts.- Axial Vibration of Nonlocal Nanorods.- Torsional Vibration of Nonlocal Shafts.- Transverse Vibration of Nonlocal Beams.- Introduction to the Finite Element Method.- Applications of NL-FEM for Nanorods.- Applications of NL-FEM for Nanobeams.- Vibration of Discrete Structures: Nanotrusses and Nanoframes.

This book discusses how the tiniest building blocks—structures thousands of times thinner than a human hair—behave when used in the most advanced technology, such as computer chips, medical robots, and high-precision sensors. At such small sizes, the laws of physics change, so scientists need new methods to predict how these parts will move, bend, and vibrate. The authors explain, in accessible language, how researchers study, analyze, and design these nano-scale parts to make future technologies more powerful and reliable. This book addresses the urgent need for knowledge in the expanding field of nanotechnology, which is shaping everything from healthcare to electronics. In addition, the book blends essential theory and innovative application, guiding engineers and researchers through the latest advances in nonlocal elasticity, vibration modeling, and computational techniques necessary for the design of next-generation NEMS and MEMS. Practical, clear, and up-to-date, this book is an indispensable reference for anyone working at the intersection of engineering, physics, and nanotechnology.

Agricultural Biotechnology

Nanobiomaterials in animal husbandry: An overview.- Nanotechnology in animal genetics, breeding and reproduction.- Nanoparticles for immunomodulation and cancer therapy in Animal Husbandry.- Nanotechnology and animal reproductive disorders.- Nanotechnology in animal disease detection.- Nanomaterials for Gene Therapy in Animal Health.- Nanotechnology in Veterinary Medicine: Drug Delivery Systems.- Nanoparticles as Biocidal Agents in Animal Husbandry.- Nanotechnology and Meat Quality Enhancement in Animal Production.- Nanoparticles for Improving Egg Quality in Poultry.- Nanomaterials for Enhancing Milk Quality in Dairy Animals.- Nanoparticles for Diagnostic Tools in Veterinary Care.- Nanotechnology in Aquaculture: A review on Current Applications with Future Directions.- Consumer perception and public opinion on nanotechnology.

This book provides insights into the use of advanced nanobiomaterials in an age-old domain of animal husbandry. As per a 2020 estimate, approximately 40% of the overall agricultural GDP is attributed to global livestock production, thereby highlighting its importance. Owing to its challenges such as diseases, quality, safety, and care, there is a need for efficient management and use of advanced integrated technologies. Here, nanobiomaterials offer promising avenues for innovation and advancement in the realm of animal husbandry. This dynamic field has garnered attention due to its potential to revolutionize various aspects of animal production and veterinary care, such as diagnosis, drug and nutrient delivery, genome-assisted breeding, gene therapy, and quality enhancement. Owing to the available research and continuous advancements, the future of nanobiomaterials in animal husbandry appears bright, promising a host of innovative solutions to enhance animal well-being, productivity, and overall veterinary care. The significance of the topics covered in this book lies in its potential to revolutionize multiple facets of animal production, veterinary care, and agriculture. Nanotechnology’s capacity to manipulate materials at the nanoscale offers unparalleled opportunities to tackle pressing challenges in animal husbandry. The utilization of nanobiomaterials in animal breeding could yield breakthroughs in diagnosing and treating reproductive disorders, enhancing animal reproductive efficiency and breeding programs, with direct implications for livestock industry productivity and sustainability. We highlight the use of nanomaterials in veterinary medicine, drug delivery disease management, and gene therapy. Additionally, nanoparticles as nutrient delivery systems in animal feed have the potential to substantially enhance nutrient absorption and utilization, contributing to better animal health, growth, and overall production efficiency. The antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles could curtail pathogen dissemination in animal populations, fostering improved animal welfare and food safety. Here, we apprise the reader about the available technologies that are intricately useful in animal husbandry.

Sensors and biosensors

Nanotechnology in Food Industry: Current status and Future trends.- Introduction to Nanobiosensors in the Food Industry: Necessity.- Emerging Technologies in Nanobiosensor Design and Principles.- Nanobiosensors application in Food Food Production and Processing.- Emerging Trends in Nanobiosensors Developments for Quality Control, Nutrients Retainibility and Freshness Assessment.- Nanobiosensors for Food Pathogen Detection: Trends and Limitations. Development of Nanobiosensors for Allergen Detection in Food Products.- Efficient Strategies for Detecting Food Contaminants using Nanobiosensors.- Application of Nanobiosensors for the Detection of Pesticides in Raw and Processed Food.- Nanobiosensors for Detection of Heavy Metals in Food.- New Insights onNanobiosensors Applications for Evaluating the Presence of Chemical and Adulterants in Foods.- Nanobiosensors for Microbial Contaminants and their Impacts on the Food Industry.- Food Packaging and Nanobiosensors: Friends or Foe.- Nanobiosensors for Food Storage and Supply Chain Management.- Techno-economical Aspects andNanobiosensors in Food Industry.- Advancements in Nanobiosensors for Sustainable Food Production to support Circular Economy.- Challenges and Limitations in Nanobiosensor Implementation in Food Sector.

This book provides comprehensive and in-depth insights into the revolutionary field of nanobiosensors and their applications within the food industry. This book begins by providing readers with a fundamental understanding of nanobiosensors, explaining their underlying principles and the cutting-edge technologies that drive their development. It then delves into the pivotal role these nanoscale devices play in addressing crucial issues within the food industry, such as rapid detection of contaminants, allergens, pathogens, and spoilage indicators. Case studies and real-world examples are interwoven throughout the text, illustrating how nanobiosensors are already transforming food safety protocols, allowing for quicker and more precise analyses than ever before. This book is an indispensable companion for those curious about the fusion of material science, innovation, and the food industry, where nanobiosensors play a pivotal role in promoting safer and more sustainable diets in the near future. The audience within this interdisciplinary domain comes from diverse backgrounds, and this book effectively caters to this diversity with its clear and universally understandable scientific language. Additionally, we delve into the socio-economic aspects of this emerging field and tackle potential safety concerns associated with these minuscule marvels. This book serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the applications of nanobiosensors in the food industry, presenting both current and emerging technologies globally.

Cancer Nanotechnology

Chapter 1. Conductive polymers based on polyaniline for biosensing in cancer diagnosis: A practical approach for diagnosis in early stages.- Chapter 2. Bio-inspired nancomposites based on bio-polymer for biosensing and early detection of cancers.- Chapter 3. Biosensor-based on Metal-organic frameworks for early detection of cancers.- Chapter 4. Electroconductive polymers-based biosensors for noninvasive and early detection of cancers: Recent progresses and future prospects.- Chapter 5. Nucleic acid-based nanobiosensors for geno-electrochemical cancer detection: A summary of current developments in cutting-edge materials and technologies.- Chapter 6. Stimulus-responsive hydrogels for tissue engineering and targeted medication administration via multi-dimensional printing: An encouraging strategy for innovative smart materials and technologies.- Chapter 7. Nucleic acid nanoparticles-based drug delivery system: An emerging approach for developing therapeutic paradigm.- Chapter 8. Multi-dimentional printing and computer-aided design techniques for drug delivery scaffolds in tissue engineering.- Chapter 9. Exosomal micro/nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer therapy: A promising approaches.- Chapter 10. Polysaccharides based on smart chitosan nanoparticles for gene delivery and gene therapy.

This book highlights a novel combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology enabling the practical use of conventional microtechnology in conjunction with a molecular approaches in cancer detection and treatment. As nanotechnology and biotechnology have advanced, the methods such as nanoimaging, nanobiosensing, nanolabeling, nanodiagnostics, and nanotherapeutics have developed. The pricey old manufacturing process will be replaced by the new expanding field of nanobiotechnology, which will produce durable, flexible, and accurate devices at a lower cost and with less environmental impact. Drug distribution, sensor systems, small robots, and surgical instruments might all benefit from the development of stronger materials made possible by this technique. Nanobiotechnology may be used to create atomic grade machines by merging or simulating biological processes or creating tiny tools to alter many aspects of the living system at the molecular level. This book presents a state-of-the art technology that enhances our existing knowledge and ideas integrating chemistry, physics, and biology. The book discusses a number of cutting edge medical technologies that use nanoparticles as delivery or sensing systems are examples of nanobiotechnology as they employ nanotechnology to further biological objectives.

Agricultural Biotechnology

Chapter 1. Nano-biofertilizers: An Eco-friendly Practice for Sustainable Agroecosystem Enhancing Plant Responses.- Chapter 2. Benefits and Environmental Risks of Using Nanopesticides In Agricultural Fields.- Chapter 3. Response of Crop Microbiome to Nanoparticles.- Chapter 4. Nanopesticides: Unleashing the Power of Tiny Warriors in Plant Protection.- Chapter 5.    Neoformulations in crop and soil nutrition.- Chapter 6.    Nanoparticles as growth stimulating elements for Sustainable Agriculture.- Chapter 7. Microbial Nanobiostimulants for improved crop productivity.- Chapter 8. Controlled Release of Nanobiofertilizers and Nanobiopesticides for Sustainable Agriculture.- Chapter 9. Transcriptomic approaches to examine the nanomaterials' impact on the physiological and molecular responses of plants.- Chapter 10. Proteomics Approaches to Examine the Impact of Nano-Materials on Plant Biochemical, Physiological, and Molecular Responses.- Chapter 11. Employing metabolomics to systematically investigate how nanoparticles influence the physio-biochemical responses of plants under stress.- Chapter 12. Nanomaterials impact in phytohormone signaling of plants.- Chapter 13. Regulatory and safety concerns related to the use of Nano-materials.- Chapter 14. Consumer acceptance to the use of NM-based agri products.- Chapter 15. Nano-biofertilizers and formulations for stress mitigation.- Chapter 16. Nanotoxicology.

This book discusses the development and application of crop microbiome as nanobiofertilizer, nanobiopesticide and nanobiostimulants to address the goal of climate-smart agriculture. Nanomaterials encapsulate beneficial crop microbiomes and delivers pesticidal or nutritive active ingredients in a controlled, targeted and synchronized manner. This offers new opportunities to increase nanobiofertilizer and nanobiostimulant efficacy and efficiency compared to their chemical counterparts. This book aims to guide the readers to discover, assess, and utilize beneficial microbiome and/or their metabolites for augmenting plant growth and development, biocontrol of pests, and bioremediation of contaminated agricultural soil.  This book is a reference material for faculties, scientists, and research scholars working in the field of agronomy, agricultural biotechnology, and plant sciences

Agricultural Biotechnology

Significance of nanoparticles to modulate crop responses at physiological, biochemical, metabolic, cellular, and molecular levels under abiotic stress conditions.- Role of metal and metal-oxide in agricultural crops salinity stress adaptation and mitigation.- Role of metal and metal-oxide in agricultural crops drought stress adaptation and mitigation.- Role of metal and metal-oxide in agricultural crops heavy metal stress adaptation and mitigation.- Role of metal and metal-oxide in agricultural crops mineral nutrient deficiency stress adaptation and mitigation.- Role of metal and metal-oxide in agricultural crops extreme temperatures stress adaptation and mitigation.- Role of metal and metal-oxide in agricultural crops flooding stress adaptation and mitigation.- Role of metal and metal-oxide in agricultural crops Ultraviolet (UV) radiation stress adaptation and mitigation.- Nanoparticles crosstalk or interaction with phytohormones for agricultural crops flooding stress adaptation and mitigation.- Nanoparticles crosstalk or interaction with gasotransmitters or signaling molecules for agricultural crops flooding stress adaptation and mitigation.- Nanoparticles crosstalk or interaction with beneficial microorganisms for agricultural crops flooding stress adaptation and mitigation.- Comparative evolution of the crop performance due to exposure of chemically and green synthesized nanoparticles under abiotic stress situation.- Interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nanoparticles in a soil matrix for enhanced plant growth and production under abiotic stress situation.- Changes in crop plants gene expression in response to nanoparticles exposure under abiotic stress situation.- Crop plants proteomic study on the effects of nanoparticles exposure under abiotic stress situation.- Specific physiological and molecular response of nanoparticles exposure to crop plants.- Long-term effects nanoparticles, safety concerns and optimal application methods of NPs in agricultural crops.

Nanobiotechnology has emerged as an innovative and rapidly advancing field that combines the progress of nanotechnology with biological sciences, especially cellular and molecular biology. Several metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have shown great potential in boosting the performance of agricultural crops under challenging conditions. NPs enhance plant resistance to stress by strengthening physical barriers, facilitating the uptake and transport of essential minerals and nutrients, improving photosynthetic efficiency, increasing the synthesis of anti-stress compounds, and modulating hormone balance, mainly auxins and gibberellins, thereby promoting plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Due to their high surface energy and large surface-to-volume ratio, NPs exhibit superior bioavailability and bioactivity compared to their bulk counterparts. This book offers readers a thorough, up-to-date overview of how NPs impact crop responses at the molecular, cellular, metabolic, biochemical, and physiological levels, particularly under stressful conditions. In terms of physiology, NPs enhance stomatal behavior, boost photosynthesis, improve water use efficiency, and promote seed germination and growth. Biochemically, they alter metabolite profiles, reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and increase the activity of various antioxidant enzymes. NPs also improve lipid, protein, and glucose metabolism, as well as better regulate secondary metabolites like flavonoids and phenolics. At the cellular level, NPs help maintain osmotic balance, ion homeostasis, and membrane stability. On a molecular level, they affect stress-responsive transcription factors, influence gene expression, and impact signaling pathways such as calcium signaling. However, NPs can also have negative phytotoxic effects, such as inhibiting germination, stunting plant growth, disrupting cellular metabolism through oxidative stress, and damaging proteins and DNA, ultimately leading to reduced crop yield and performance. These adverse effects are typically observed at higher NP concentrations, though they can vary by plant species. Therefore, it is essential to standardize different NP formulations, concentrations, and delivery methods for various crop plants. This book is an invaluable resource for advanced students, faculty, scientists, and researchers in fields such as nanobiotechnology, plant biology, plant biochemistry, plant physiology, plant stress physiology, plant microbiology, soil microbiology, agricultural sciences, botanical and crop sciences, environmental botany, and related disciplines.

Agricultural Biotechnology

Nanobiotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture.- Importance of post-harvesting management.- Current postharvest management approaches.- Nanobiotechnology for Intelligent Delivery Systems.- Nanomaterials as an effective way of postharvest management of fruits.- Nanotechnological applications in the postharvest management of vegetables.- Nanobiotechnology for Integrated Postharvest Disease Management.- Improvement in packaging materials to postharvest loss reduction.- Toxicity concerns of nanoparticles.- Nanobiotechnology for smart and intelligent packaging.- Nanobiotechnology in the labeling of postharvest products.- Safety of Horticultural by nanobiotechnology.- Use of nano-biosensors in postharvest management.- Nano-packaging in postharvest fruits and vegetables.- Nano-coatings in postharvest fruits and vegetables.- Nanotechnology and value chain addition.- Reducing postharvest waste using nanotechnology.- Nanotechnology as alternative postharvest control methods.- Emerging trends in postharvest management: future perspectives.- Nanomaterials approach for improving of value chain industry.

This book provides an in-depth exploration of how nanobiotechnological aspects can be leveraged to address problems and challenges in postharvest management, such as extending product shelf-life, detecting and mitigating pests and diseases, and improving the quality and safety of agro-products. It outlines the advancements of the field of nanobiotechnology and controlling postharvest diseases with the goal of enhancing postharvest management and reducing food waste. Its content caters to benefit students, researchers, and professionals in the fields of nanobiotechnology, plant pathology, and postharvest technology.

Advances in crystal development, characterization and targeted drug delivery

Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology

Chapter 1. Nanocrystal technologies: Concepts, Fundamentals and Strategies.- Chapter 2. Formulation-Based Composites in Nanocrystal Preparation and Advanced Characterization Techniques.- Chapter 3. Stabilizer Selection in Nanocrystal Preparation: Traditional and Advanced Methods.- Chapter 4. Nanocrystal: Optimization Technique, solubility consideration and stability consideration.- Chapter 5. Nanocrystal technology in Targeted Drug Delivery.- Chapter 6. Future outlook for diverse types of nanocrystal-based drug delivery systems.- Chapter 7. Pharmacokinetics and Biofate of Nanocrystals.- Chapter 8. Recent breakthroughs in nanocrystal development.- Chapter 9. Role of Quality by Design (QbD) approaches in Nanocrystal fabrication.- Chapter 10. Translating Nanocrystals from Lab Innovations to Clinical Applications.- Chapter 11. Regulatory considerations of Nanocrystal in Pharmaceutical sciences.

This edited volume presents a thorough exploration of the fundamentals, concepts and methods of nanocrystal development for targeted drug delivery. In pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences, addressing poor bioavailability is of paramount importance in drug development. Innovative strategies are being employed to enhance the solubility, dissolution rate, and physiochemical properties of Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) II and IV drugs. Drug nanocrystals have emerged as a solution by leveraging the crystalline nature of drugs to address critical challenges. This carrier-free colloidal drug delivery system operates at the nano-size range, where the crystalline drug particle core is enveloped by a stabilizing agent (surfactant/polymer). However, selecting a stabilizer remains a persistent challenge for certain drug molecules. This book aims to address the critical aspects of nanocrystal technology by covering classification, stabilizer selection criteria, bottom-up and bottom-down preparation, characterization methods, recent advancements, toxicological considerations, regulatory insights, and clinical status of drug nanocrystals. The book advocates the implementation of a quality by design (QbD) and a design of experimentation approach to minimize errors in product optimization and validation for targeted drug delivery systems. The book comprises of contributions from global experts including renowned formulators, researchers, and academicians ensuring diverse insights and expertise across various specializations. The book is primarily targeted at academic and industrial researchers, Ph.D. and postdoctoral research fellows, formulation scientists, and bio-medical professionals.

Introduction to Plant Nano-Biotechnology: Advances and Prospects.- Nanoparticles in Plant Sciences: Types, Synthesis and Applications.- Biomolecule-Nanocarriers in Plant Biotechnology: Methods and Applications.- Nanoparticle Transportation in Plants: Mechanistic Insights and Applications.- Plant-Nanoparticle Interactions: Molecular Insights and Future Directions.- Nanoparticle-Mediated Nucleic Acid Delivery in Plant Cells: Molecular Insights and Applications.- Nanoparticles in Plant Regeneration: Methods and Applications.- Plant Genetic Engineering: Fundamentals and Technical Advancements.- Plant Genome Editing: Fundamentals and Technical Advancements.- Nanoparticles for Advancing Plant Gene Transfer: Opportunities and Challenges.- Nanoparticles for Advancing CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Plant Genome Editing: Opportunities and Challenges.- Carbon Nanoparticles in Plant Genetic Engineering.- Metallic Nanoparticles in Plant Genetic Engineering.- Silicon Nanoparticles in Plant Genetic Engineering.- Nanoparticles for Organelle-Targeted Gene Delivery.- Nano-delivering RNAi in Plants: Opportunities and Challenges.- Ethical Consideration and Limitations of Nano-delivering Genetic Engineering in Agriculture and Food Systems.

This book aims to summarize the knowledge of smart nanoparticles in advancing plant gene transfer, focusing on their capacity for penetrating plant cells and delivering genetic engineering cargo such as nucleic acids, and eventually to enhance the efficiency and precision of plant genetic engineering. Plant gene transfer is a fundamental biotechnology for obtaining genetically modified plants. For decades, certain protocols have been developed to achieve successful plant genetic engineering events; however, there are still some limitations, particularly in the way to enhance their efficiency and precision. This book comprehensively discusses the benefits and limitations of nano-biotechnology on plant gene transfer, covering carbon, metallic, silicon, and bioinspired nanoparticles. This book presents the edge knowledge of nanocarriers in plant genome editing, including their methods and applications, particularly, which includes the part of CRISPR/Cas9 technology. From fundamentals to practical applications of nano-biotechnology, this book will be an ideal reference for readers in the fields of plant genetics, plant physiology, plant biotechnology, plant breeding, and materials science.

Section 1. Introduction to nano fertilizers.- 1. Relevance of nanotechnology in agriculture.- 2. Synthesis of nanoparticles for use in agriculture as nanofertilizers.- 3. Formulation of nano fertilizers using various carriers.- 4. Crops-specificity of nano fertilizers.- Section 2. Rhizosphere Microorganisms.- 5. Effects of nanofertilizers on rhizosphere microorganisms in agricultural systems.- 6. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) based nanoparticles in agriculture.- 7. Plant growth promoting cyanobacteria based nanoparticles in agriculture.- 8. Plant growth promoting algae based nanoparticles in agriculture.- 9. Plant growth promoting fungi (PGPF) based nanoparticles in agriculture.- Section 3. Mechanisms of Action.- 10. Mechanisms of release of nano fertilizers nutrients (nanonutrients) in soil for sustaining agro-system.- 11. Mechanism and application of biocatalysis in nanofertilizer development.- 12. Mechanistic approach of nanofertilizers to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity.- Section 4. Effects on plants (growth, crop yield, quality of foods, stress tolerance).- 13. Effect of doses, particle shape, size and composition of nano fertilizers on yields of crops.- 14. Effect of various nano fertilizers on physiological activities of plants.- 15. Biofortification of crops: effects of nano fertilizers on quality of fruits and vegetables.- 16. Mode of application (foliar, soil-applied NFs) and their impact on quality and yield of crops.- 17. Nano fertilizers affecting the nutrient content of crops.- 18. Effect of nano fertilizers on plants stress tolerance.- 19. Potential of nano particulate fertilizers in mitigating environmental stresses.

This book covers the role and effects of nanofertilizers in agriculture and together with its companion book “Nanofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture: Assessing Impacts on Health, Environment, and Economy” serves as an indispensable resource for researchers, agronomists, and policymakers exploring sustainable agriculture with nanotechnology. The book outlines the synthesis and formulation of nanoparticles tailored for agricultural applications and discusses the impact of nanofertilizers on crop well-being and soil fertility, including the pivotal role of plant growth-promoting microorganisms in nanoparticle-mediated agriculture. Divided into four sections, the book begins with an introduction to the relevance and specificities of nanotechnology in agriculture, including nonfertilizer synthesis and formulation, followed by a section dedicated to rhizosphere microorganisms and the impact of nanofertilizers in agricultural systems. Readers will learn about the impact of nanofertilizers on crop well-being and soil fertility, including the pivotal role of plant growth-promoting microorganisms in nanoparticle-mediated agriculture. The subsequent section of the book is devoted to the mechanisms of action of nanofertilizers, namely the ones governing the release, absorption, and translocation of nanonutrients in soil, and discusses the potential of biocatalysis in nanofertilizer development. The final section of the book discusses crop productivity and biofortification while unravelling the nuanced effects of nanoparticle doses, shapes, sizes, and compositions on crop yields and physiological activities. In this section, readers will also find diverse applications of nanofertilizers in stress tolerance, salinity, and environmental stress mitigation.

Chapter 1: Introduction to nanofluids and Hybrid Nanofluids.- Chapter 2: Application of Nano Fluids in Heat Transfer Augmentation within the Heat Exchangers.- Chapter 3: Oxide-Based Nano-Ceramic Materials for Hydrogen Evolution Reactions: Mechanisms, Electrochemical Parameters, Material Types, and Synthesis Methods.- Chapter 4: A comparative numerical analysis of hybrid nanofluids flows in various flow regimes.- Chapter 5: Heat transfer enhancement with nanofluid in solar water/air heater.- Chapter 6: Heat transfer enhancement with nanofluid in battery thermal management system.- Chapter 7: Nano Composite PCMs For Thermal Energy Storage Applications.- Chapter 8: Mathematical Models on Nanofluids Flows.- Chapter 9: A mathematical (Physical models ) approach for nanofluid flow : An analysis.- Chapter 10: Heat transfer by Maxwell Nano-fluid flow over a stretching sheet in the presence of viscous dissipation and electroosmosis effects: A Buongiorno’s Model.- Chapter 11: Flow Analysis of Third Grade NanoFluid Flow using Artificial Neural Network.- Chapter 12: Nanoadsorbents for heavy metal removal.

This book presents a very useful and easily comprehensible/valuable collection of experimental and mathematical studies on nanofluids, nanocomposites, and addresses current and future applications. This book serves as a ready reference for researchers working in the areas of dynamics of nanofluids. This book points toward technical expansions linked with energy, nanotechnology applications, energy storage, solar photovoltaic, and other related areas. This book provides insights related to various forms of applications in renewable energy systems and other industrial applications.

1. Nanotechnology Era: Nanomaterial Green Synthesis.- 2. Prospects and Hurdles in Agricultural Nanotechnology.- 3. Green Chemistry Approaches in Nanotechnology.- 4. Biological Synthesis of Nanomaterials.- 5. Microbial routes for nanoparticle synthesis.- 6. Green Nanotechnology for Sustainable Ecosystems.- 7. Non-biological green approaches for nanoparticle synthesis.- 8. Biocompatibility of green nanomaterials.- 9. Green chemistry approaches for sustainable synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials.- 10. Green chemistry approaches for sustainable synthesis of organic nanomaterials.- 11. Green chemistry approaches for sustainable synthesis of polymeric nanomaterials.- 12. Recyclability and reusability of green-synthesized nanoparticles.- 13. Life Cycle Assessment of Nanomaterials.- 14. Top down approaches of nanomaterial synthesis.- 15. Bottom up approaches in nanomaterial synthesis.

This book discusses the convergence between nanotechnology and sustainability detailing the advances in addressing global challenges in achieving technological advancement in nanoscience. It delves into eco-friendly advancements in agricultural nanotechnology, highlighting the transformative potential and challenges. The core of the book emphasizes green chemistry approaches, detailing the biological routes for synthesizing nanomaterials, alongside non-biological methods that minimize environmental impact. It investigates the biocompatibility of green nanomaterials for safer applications and assesses their recyclability and reusability. Chapters on life cycle assessment provide insights into the environmental footprints of nanomaterials. The book contrasts top-down and bottom-up approaches while comparing chemical and green synthesis. Special attention is given to nanomaterials derived from lignocellulosic biomass, underlining the role of waste valorization. In addition, it offers a critical analysis of challenges and perspectives in green nanotechnology, setting a roadmap for sustainable advancements. The book consists of 18 chapters that explore various aspects of green synthesis of nanomaterials. Chapters are contributed by 64 recognized scientists from 7 countries and subjected to a rigorous review process to ensure quality presentation and scientific precision. Chapters begin with an introduction providing background followed by a detailed discussion of the topic accompanied by 129 high-quality color figures and 24 tables. Each chapter concludes with recommendations for future study directions. The book is an excellent reference source for graduate students engaged in nanotechnology and for professional researchers working on translational research on nanomaterial biological and physiochemical aspects.

Nanomaterials.- Nanomaterials in optoelectronics devices.- Nanomaterials in biomedical and pharmaceuticals manufacturing.- Nanomaterials in soil and water remediation.- Nanomaterials in defense and military industry.- Nanomaterials in cybersecurity industry.- Nanomaterials in space science and marine industry.- Nanomaterials in the automobile industry.- Nanomaterials in the construction.- Nanomaterials in the textile industry.- Nanomaterials in the agriculture industry.- Nanomaterials in the consumer product industry.

This book examines the impact and scope of nanotechnology in various sectors. It begins with a historical context for understanding the application of optoelectronics and discussing its role in modern technology. The book highlights ecological remediation techniques discussing the critical role of nanotechnology in addressing environmental challenges and restoring ecosystems. The book presents applications of nanomaterials in biomedicine highlighting breakthroughs in targeted therapies. It reflects on developments in the defense sector offering increased security with an emphasis on nanomaterials in cybersecurity, space science, and marine industry, culminating in their transformational impact in automotive (including next-generation materials), construction, textiles, consumer products and agricultural settings. Each chapter in the book not only illustrates the capability of nanomaterials in modern manufacturing but also reveal their potential drawbacks and the possible ways to overcome the pitfalls. The book covers the interdisciplinary research advancement of nanomaterials, which is beneficial for researchers working in both academia and industry.

1. Bio-based Wood Adhesives: Recent Developments.- 2. Potential of nanotechnology in wood-based materials.- 3. Nanocellulose applications in bio-based wood adhesives.- 4. Nanolignin in Bioadhesives for Wood Composites.- 5. Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Starch-Based Adhesives for High-Performance Wood-Based Composites.- 6. Multifunctional Nanotechnology Application for Wood Properties Enhancement: Adhesive and Coating.- 7. Potential of nanomaterials as formaldehyde scavengers in wood- based composites.- 8. Fire Retarding Treatments of Wood and Wood-Based Materials.

This book presents an overview of recent developments in the use of nanomaterials, such as nanocellulose, nanolignin, and nanoclay, in the synthesis of sustainable, bio-based adhesives for manufacturing high-performance, eco-friendly wood-based composites with enhanced properties, close-to-zero formaldehyde emission, and a lower environmental footprint for advanced value-added applications. In recent years, bio-based wood adhesives have received great attention as a sustainable alternative to the conventional synthetic adhesives used in the wood-based industry. However, bioadhesives based on natural and renewable feedstocks, such as protein, starch, lignin, and tannin, have inferior properties compared to thermosetting synthetic resins. Reinforcement with nanomaterials with a high aspect ratio has the potential to improve the performance of bio-based wood adhesives and the technological properties of wood composites. The book explores the present-day challenges and future prospects of using nanomaterials in bio-based wood adhesives. The content of this book appeals to materials scientists, wood scientists, environmental scientists, and wood-based panel industry professionals.

Nanoscale Design, Synthesis and Processing

1. Utilization of Yarosite Minerals on LaFeO3: Synthesis, Properties, and its Development as Ethanol Gas Sensors.- 2. Gas Sensor: An overview.- 3. Detection of hazardous chemicals and heavy metals through metal oxides and graphene based electrodes.- 4. Breath analyser and toxic gas detection sensor design by using nano-material multi-layered structure.- 5 Metal oxides nanostructures as biological nano-sensors for the detection of Urea and Glucose.

This book offers readers an extensive insight into advanced nanomaterials and their applications in the realm of energy generation and utilization. It places a specific emphasis on emerging nanomaterials and their diverse applications within energy-related sectors and sensor technology. The primary focus is on comprehending how these materials enhance the performance of energy storage devices and sensors. Furthermore, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the significant challenges faced in these areas and presents a forward looking perspective. Comprising ten chapters, the book extensively explores the applications of nanomaterials in energy-related fields, specifically in solar cells, supercapacitors, sensors, and more. It caters to the needs of budding researchers involved in the synthesis of nanomaterials and post-graduate students interested in delving into the intricacies of nanomaterials.

Nanoscale Design, Synthesis and Processing

1. Utilization of Yarosite Minerals on LaFeO3: Synthesis, Properties, and its Development as Ethanol Gas Sensors.-  2. Gas Sensor: An overview.- 3. Detection of hazardous chemicals and heavy metals through metal oxides and graphene based electrodes.- 4. Breath analyser and toxic gas detection sensor design by using nano-material multi-layered structure.- 5. Metal oxides nanostructures as biological nano-sensors for the detection of Urea and Glucose.

This book offers readers an extensive insight into advanced nanomaterials and their applications in the realm of energy generation and utilization. It places a specific emphasis on emerging nanomaterials and their diverse applications within energy-related sectors and sensor technology. The primary focus is on comprehending how these materials enhance the performance of energy storage devices and sensors. Furthermore, the book provides a comprehensive overview of the significant challenges faced in these areas and presents a forward looking perspective. Comprising ten chapters, the book extensively explores the applications of nanomaterials in energy-related fields, specifically in solar cells, supercapacitors, sensors, and more. It caters to the needs of budding researchers involved in the synthesis of nanomaterials and post-graduate students interested in delving into the intricacies of nanomaterials.

Introduction to nanomaterials.- Processing and properties of nanomaterials.- Nano catalysts for separation of hazardous materials from waste water.- Carbon Nanotubes for separation of hazardous materials from waste water.- Nano membranes.- Graphene nano materials.- Silica based nano materials.- Chitosan based nanomaterials.- Iron nanoparticle.- Silver nanoparticles.- Gold nanoparticles.- Iron oxide based nanomaterials.- Manganese based nanomaterials.- Zinc oxide based nanomaterials.- Titanium oxide based nanomaterials.- Alminium Oxide based materials.- Cerium oxide based materials.- Zirconium oxide based materials.- Inorganic supported nanocomposites.- Organic polymer nanocomposites.- Organic polymer supported nanocomposites.- Magnetic nanocomposites.

This book covers the latest advancements of nanomaterials used in the removal of various toxic contaminants from wastewater such as metal ions, dyes, and pesticides. Recent advances in nanotechnology offer leapfrogging opportunities to develop next-generation water supply systems. Our current water treatment, distribution, and discharge practices, which heavily rely on conveyance and centralized systems, are no longer sustainable. The highly efficient, modular, and multifunctional processes enabled by nanotechnology are envisaged to provide high-performance, affordable water, and wastewater treatment solutions that less rely on large infrastructures. Nanotechnology-enabled water and wastewater treatment promises to not only overcome major challenges faced by existing treatment technologies, but also to provide new treatment capabilities that could allow economic utilization of unconventional water sources to expand the water supply. This book presents a variety of efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, manganese oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, and ferric oxides, which have unique functionalities for decontamination of industrial effluents, surface water, ground water, and drinking water. It also demonstrates the use of nanoparticles in the manufacturing of membranes for advanced water/wastewater treatment processes, where the nanoparticles allow permeability control and fouling resistance in various structures and relevant functionalities. Both polymeric and inorganic membranes are manufactured by either assembling nanoparticles into porous membranes or blending process. The contents of this book will be interesting to researchers and professionals working to develop new nanomaterials for wastewater treatment and purification.

An overview of nanotechnology in agroforestry systems.- Soil carbon sequestration in agroforestry through nanoparticles.- Biosynthesis of nanoparticles from Jatropha latex.- Role of nanocomposites in bioenergy production.- Movement of nanomaterials in citrus trees.- Silver nanoparticles for managing fungal diseases of cocoa crops.- Using coconut shells for synthesizing silver nanoparticles.- Uptake of nanomicronutrients in rice agroforestry.- Scope of nanoparticles in phytoremediation actions of tomato and mustard crops.- Potential effects of nanopesticides on honeybees.- Effect of nanoparticles on N2 fixation by trees.- Nanosensors for soil health management rice-based agroforestry systems.- Application of iron oxide nanoparticles for promoting Eucalyptus growth under salt stress.- Date palm seed germination and root growth as affected by metal-based nanoparticles.- Environmental sustainability of nanoproducts in agroforestry ecosystems.

This book presents recent trends in nanotechnology to manage agroforestry systems. A major focus has been given to green synthesis of nanoparticles, nutrient management, stress management, crop and tree production, and risk assessment for sustainable management of crops and trees using nanomaterials. The book also discusses the complex interactions of nanoparticles in agroforestry ecosystems. It provides an understanding of the nanoparticle transformation process from laboratory to field conditions that will help in technology transfer at a mass scale. Following the excellent contributions from global experts, the book will be very useful for students, scientists, conservationists, growers, and policymakers searching for the challenges and opportunities of nanotechnology in integrated farming systems.

Chapter 1. Contribution of Microbial Nanotechnology to Sustainable Development Goals.- Chapter 2. Microbial nanotechnology: a potentially useful tool for environmental sustainability.- Chapter 3. Algal-mediated nanoparticle synthesis for environmental sustainability.- Chapter 4. Sustainable Production of Nanoparticles from Fungi and Their Agricultural Applications.- Chapter 5. Biorefining Agro-Industrial Waste into Green Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture.- Chapter 6. Nanobiotechnology for sustainable food preservations and shelf-life enhancement.- Chapter 7. Eco-friendly production of antimicrobial nanoparticles for sustainability.- Chapter 8. Nano-Biosensors for Detecting Microbial Pathogens in Agriculture.- Chapter 9. Revolutions in Biotic Stress Management and Sustainable Agriculture through microbial-mediated Nanoformulation.- Chapter 10. From Lab to Landfill: Exploring Nanobiotechnological Approaches for E-Waste Remediation and Environmental Sustainability.- Chapter 11. Impact of microbial nanobiotechnology on the economy of developing countries.- Chapter 12. Nanotechnology and Microbes: Revolutionizing Water Management.- Chapter 13. Bioengineered Nano-sorbents: Microbial Allies in Pollutant Sequestration.- Chapter 14. Bioremediation of various industrial effluents utilizing microorganism-assisted nanotechnology within a circular economy.- Chapter 15. Microorganism-assisted bionanotechnology for textile dye wastewater treatment.

Microbial diversity and microbial technology are critical to achieving most of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), mainly due to their central role in the provision and regulation of ecosystem services. Despite this intensification of effort, more than 90% of microbial diversity remains to be discovered. Thus, the most unique characteristic of microbial technology is the exceptional diversity of applications it can address and the range of human activities and needs to which it is and can be applied. Separately, nanotechnology and microbiology have produced innovative solutions for human well-being and ecological and environmental equilibrium. The development of interdisciplinary research practices combining nanotechnology and microbiology to deliver creative solutions for human health and environmental and ecological damage is urgently required. The nanotechnology of microorganisms is contributing to the development and innovation of numerous industries. This book will explain the fundamentals and methods of the biological production of nanoparticles from microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and algae. It will describe optimization strategies for microbe-mediated nanoparticle production. The book will also discuss the industrial and agricultural applications of nanoparticles produced by microbes. It also describes the applications of green nanoparticles in the health and pharmaceutical sectors, such as the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections and cancer. Overall, the book focuses on the broad subject areas of microbial nanotechnology and its possible applications in food, pharmaceuticals, water, environmental remediation, etc. However, the lack of information and the potential for negative effects on the environment, human health, safety, and sustainability remain obstacles. This book addresses these issues. Researchers and students in the agricultural sciences, materials sciences, biotechnology, microbiology, and pharmaceutical sectors will find this an invaluable resource.

Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology

Introduction to Nanoparticles in Neurology.- Nanoparticles mediated gene therapy for Neurological disorders.- Nanoparticle Based Imaging Techniques in Neurological Disorders.- Nanoparticles mediated treatment for brain tumors.- Role of Nanoparticles in Neurological Regeneration and Repair.- Nanoparticle-Based Biomarkers for Neurological Disorders.- Nanoparticle-Mediated Therapy for Alzheimer’s Diseases.- Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.- Gold Nanoparticles in Neurological Therapeutics.- Carbon-Based Nanoparticles for Neural Regeneration.- Lipid-Based Nanoparticles for Neurological Drug Discovery.

“Nanoparticles in Modern Neurological Treatment" provides a comprehensive exploration of the promising field of nanoparticles and their applications in neurology. The book begins with an introduction, laying the foundation by elucidating the properties and applications of nanoparticles in neurological therapies and diagnostics. The introduction provides an overview of nanoparticles, their properties, and their applications in neurological disorders, discussing the rationale behind using nanoparticles in neurological therapies and diagnostics. Subsequent chapters delve into specific areas of nanoparticle utilization, exploring how nanoparticles are utilized to overcome the blood-brain barrier and effectively deliver therapeutics to the brain for treating various neurological disorders. Nanoparticle-based imaging techniques for diagnosis and monitoring of neurological disorders are examined, along with targeted therapies for neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors. Additionally, the modulation of inflammation and neuroprotection facilitated by nanoparticles, particularly relevant in conditions like multiple sclerosis and stroke, is discussed. The potential of nanoparticles as biomarkers for diagnosing and tracking neurological disorders is also investigated. Advanced applications include neuroregeneration and repair facilitated by nanoparticles and the emerging field of theranostics combining therapy and diagnosis using nanoparticles in neurological disorders. Lastly, the promising realm of nanoparticle-mediated gene therapy is explored for precision treatment of neurological conditions. By consolidating current knowledge and exploring future potentials, this book seeks to contribute to advancements in neurology, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.

Cardiovascular Physiology

Introduction to atherosclerosis.- Introduction to nanoparticles, synthesis characterization and clinical status.- Nanoparticles used in diagnosis of atherosclerosis.- Theranostic-Nanoparticles used for atherosclerosis.

The book's primary objective is to introduce the pathology and physiology atherosclerosis in brief, and its diagnosis and treatment. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arterial wall. An advanced understanding of atherosclerosis shows that it leads to myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases, taking 17 million people every year worldwide. The literature suggests that atherosclerosis is an ancient disease and is still a long-standing health problem globally. Hence early diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis are crucial to solving long-standing health issues.This book provides a systemic summary of recent literature focusing on disease pathology, advancement in diagnosis and therapies. Recently, nanoparticles performing dual roles as diagnostic and therapeutic agents have been keenly interested. However, the nanoparticle has yet to reach the clinic. Understanding the role of biomaterials in formulations and existing strategies is critical whendeveloping novel formulations and working on translation to clinical settings. The book provides a systematic biomaterial-based summary of the literature, methods used to formulate nanoparticles, and their scale-up potential. Another key objective of the book is to motivate the reader to conduct research on theranostic nanoparticles to treat atherosclerosis and put us one step closer to solving a long-standing health problem—atherosclerosis.The auto-summaries have been generated by a recursive clustering algorithm via the Dimensions Auto-summarizer by Digital Science handled by Subject Matter Experts and the external editor. The editor of this book selected which SN content should be auto-summarized and decided its order of appearance. Please be aware that the auto-summaries consist of original sentences, but are not representative of its original paper, since we do not show the full length of the publication. Please note that only published SN content is represented here, and that machine-generated books are still at an experimental stage.

Waste Management/Waste Technology

Current overview of nano-solutions in water and wastewater management.- Nanotechnology-Based Adsorption and Membrane Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment.- Nanomaterials for Heavy Metal Removal from Water and Wastewater.- Nanotechnology for the Elimination of Emerging Contamination in Wastewater Treatment.- Nanomaterial-Based Filtration Technologies for Particle and Colloid Removal.- Sensing and efficient removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in (waste) water using nanomaterials.- Insights into Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Water Purification.- Nanotechnological Approaches in Desalination and Brackish Water Treatment.- Nanomaterial-Enhanced Catalytic Processes for Wastewater Treatment.- Nanotechnology in Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Remediation.- Waste dye removal with nanotechnological methods: photocatalytic processes.- Nanostructured Catalysts for Sustainable Water Treatment.- Nanomaterial-Based Sensors and Monitoring Devices for Water Quality Assessment.- Advancements in Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring: Integrating Sensing Technology, ICT, and Data-driven Approaches.- Integration of artificial intelligence in aquaculture water management.- Intelligent Monitoring and Control Systems for Smart Water Management.- Nano-enabled Microbial Control and Disinfection in Water and Wastewater.- Integration of Advanced Biological Processes and Nanotechnology for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment.- Polymer Nanocomposites: A Promising Approach to treat Tannery Wastewater.- Nanotechnology in Infrastructure of Urban Water: Enhancing Resilience and Efficiency.- Challenges and Future Perspectives in Nanotechnology for Sustainable Water and Wastewater Management.- Application of nano-based solutions for water and wastewater management through science and technological innovations for sustainable environmental and economic growth.

The proposed book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the advancements and potential applications of nanotechnology in addressing the challenges of water and wastewater management. The book intends to explore the latest research findings, innovative technologies, and emerging trends in utilizing nanomaterials for sustainable and efficient water treatment processes. The primary purpose of this new book is to bridge the gap between nanotechnology and water/wastewater management by presenting cutting-edge research and practical applications. The main objective of this new book is to serve as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, policymakers, and professionals working in the field of water and wastewater treatment. The wide range of topics, including nanomaterial synthesis, characterization techniques, various nanotechnology-based treatment processes, nanomaterials for contaminant removal, nanosensors for water quality monitoring, and nanotechnology-enabled resource recovery will be covered in this book. As the authors of this book, our motivation stems from the urgent need to address global water scarcity and pollution issues. The nanotechnology holds immense potential in revolutionizing water and wastewater management practices by offering highly efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable solutions. By compiling and presenting the latest research and advancements in this field, we aim to inspire further research, collaboration, and innovation in utilizing nanotechnology for the betterment of water resources and environmental sustainability. The main goal of this new book is to contribute to the dissemination of knowledge and promote the adoption of nanotechnology in achieving sustainable water and wastewater management worldwide.

Chapter 1. Synthetic Nano Polymer Design: Fundamentals, Materials, and Strategies.- Chapter 2. Bio Nano Polymer Design: Fundamentals, Materials, and Strategies.- Chapter 3. Emerging Nano Polymer Technologies for Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Nanoparticles.- Chapter 4. Layer-by-Layer Functionalization of Nano Polymers.- Chapter 5. Introduction of Nanostructure into Shape Memory Polymers: From Materials to Applications.- Chapter 6. Engineered Nano Polymer-Based Hydrogels.- Chapter 7. Surface Morphology, Structural, and Interfacial Features of Polymers at Nanoscale.- Chapter 8. Polymer Functionalized Nano Polymers and Their Behavior: Standard Reinforcement Methods, Mechanism, Compatibilization, and Influence in Properties.- Chapter 9. Tunable Shape and Size of Nano Polymers and Their Effect on Properties.- Chapter 10. Protein and Lipid Nanomaterials Based Functional Constructs.- Chapter 11. Polysaccharide Nanomaterial Based Functional Constructs.- Chapter 12. Nanoengineering of Polymer Particles for Traversing Bio-Nano Interactions.- Chapter 13. Nano Polymers for 3D and 4D Printing Applications.- Chapter 14. Nano Polymers Towards Advanced Energy Storage Devices.- Chapter 15. Nano Polymers Applications in Medical Imaging, Diagnostics, Drug Delivery, Cell Activity Regulation, Sensors, and Therapy.- Chapter 16. Nano Polymers Applications in Food and Beverage Industries.- Chapter 17. Nano Polymers-Based Agro Nano-Chemicals.- Chapter 18. Recent Advances and Prospects of Nano Polymers in Environmental Remediation.

This book presents the development of new/novel class of materials—nano polymers and nano polymer advanced composites for future studies in this emerging and attractive field. It discusses the translation of technology from research to practice, considering aspects related to industrialization of preparation and aspects of regulatory development thus becoming an essential read for polymer and materials scientists, materials engineers, biochemists as well as environmental chemists. This book presents nano polymer-based materials from sourcing, synthesis, and modification of nano polymers to materials formation and applications, i.e, the efficiency of nano polymers as a reinforcing phase in various polymer nanocomposites, and the potential of nano polymers as an ideal polymer matrix phase in nanocomposites, and their advanced applications is highlighted.

Section I: Fundamentals of Nanotechnology in Biopharmaceuticals.- Chapter 1. Nanotechnology in Biopharmaceuticals: Enhancing Drug Delivery and Development.- Chapter 2. Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery.- Chapter 3. Biocompatibility and safety assessment of nanomaterials.- Section II: Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems.- Chapter 4. Lipid based nanocarriers for drug delivery.- Chapter 5. Polymeric Nanoparticles in Biopharmaceutical Development.- Chapter 6. Dendrimers and Nanogels: Emerging Trends in Drug Delivery.- Chapter 7. Nanocapsules in Dermal Drug Delivery.- Section III: Nanotechnology in Biopharmaceutical Formulation.- Chapter 8. Nanoscale Formulation Techniques for Biotherapeutics.- Chapter 9. Nanoencapsulation as a Strategy To Enhance The Pharmacokinetics Of Bioactive Compounds.- Chapter 10. Nanoparticle Based Vaccines And Immunotherapies.- Chapter 11. Nanovaccines for Infectious Diseases.- Chapter 12. Comparative Pathways of Traditional Vaccines and Nanoparticle Innovations in Immunization Science.- Chapter 13. Nanoencapsulation of Bioactive Compounds.- Section IV: Nanotechnology in Diagnostics and Imaging.- Chapter 14. Recent Advancements In Prodrug Strategies For Targeted Cancer Therapy.- Chapter 15. Nanosensors for Biomedical Applications.- Chapter 16. Recent Advances of Nanomaterials in Cosmetics.- Chapter 17. Nanotechnology in Precision Medicine.- Chapter 18. Nanoparticles in Molecular Imaging.- Chapter 19. Nanomaterials: Pioneering the Future of Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy.- Chapter 20. Quantum Dots and Nanoprobes for Bioimaging.- Chapter 21. Applications of Computer-Aided Drug Design Tools in Nanotechnologies for Drug Delivery Systems; Discovery and Development.- Chapter 22. Future perspectives and Challenges In Nano Biopharmaceuticals: Advancing A New Era In Medicine.

This book is a comprehensive coverage of the transformative role of nanotechnology in the field of biopharmaceuticals. The book covers the fundamental principles of nanotechnology and systematically explains how nanomaterials are revolutionizing drug delivery systems, formulation techniques, diagnostics, and imaging modalities. Through detailed discussions on lipid-based nanocarriers, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and nanogels, readers gain insights into the diverse array of nanomaterials and their applications in enhancing drug efficacy, targeting specific tissues, and minimizing adverse effects. Moreover, the book addresses critical aspects such as biocompatibility assessment, regulatory considerations, and ethical implications, underscoring the importance of responsible innovation in the development and commercialization of nano biopharmaceuticals. This book serves as an invaluable resource for researchers and practitioners to navigate the complex landscape of biopharmaceutical development. Through its interdisciplinary approach and forward-thinking perspectives on future trends and challenges, it contributes to shaping the future of healthcare by harnessing the power of nanotechnology to deliver innovative and effective therapeutics. The target audience for this book covers the fields of biopharmaceutical research, development, regulation, and policymaking. This includes scientists, researchers, and engineers seeking a deep understanding of nanotechnology's applications in drug delivery systems, formulation techniques, and diagnostic tools. Additionally, pharmaceutical industry professionals involved in drug development and manufacturing will find valuable insights into innovative nanoscale formulations and regulatory considerations. Overall, this book caters to a multidisciplinary audience seeking to leverage nanotechnologies for advancing biopharmaceutical research, development, and clinical practice.

Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.- Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.- Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.- Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.-  Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.- Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.- Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.- Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.- Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.- Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.- Chapter 11 Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.- Chapter 12 Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.- Chapter 13 Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Pioneering Progress and Challenges.

The book discusses nanomaterial interactions with plants and their potential benefits for agriculture. It stands as an authoritative resource for a broad community, describing how Nano formulations of various types of agrochemicals in agriculture are rapidly expanding among the scientific and non-scientific community. The purpose of this book is to provide comprehensive information about the development of synthesis and scaling-up, future scope, current challenges, potential risks assessment and the legal requirements for regulating nanomaterial-based agrochemicals for agricultural sustainability. The book includes the application of Nano chemicals as Nano primers for seed germination, Nano fertilizers to increase crop yields, Nano pesticides for insect pest management, Nano fungicides, Nano herbicides, Nano nutrient, and Nano sensors for tracking crop and soil health conditions, including detecting agrochemicals. In addition, the authors discuss Nano enabled agrochemicals in relation to their toxicological implications in agroecosystems, as well as risk assessment and registration policies for ensuring the safety of nanomaterials used in farming.  

Nanoparticle Synthesis

INTRODUCTION TO NANOCOMPOSITE CONDUCTIVE INKS FOR WEARABLE ELECTRONICS.- REVIEW OF MATERIALS, PRINTING TECHNIQUES, AND TESTING OF CONDUCTIVE INKS.- MATERIALS, FABRICATION, AND TESTING OF NANOCOMPOSITE CONDUCTIVE INK.- CHARACTERIZATION AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PATTERNED GNP AND CB CONDUCTIVE INKS.- CONCLUSION AND CHALLENGES.

This book highlights the electrical, mechanical, and material characteristics of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) and carbon black (CB) nanocomposite conductive inks, developed for wearable electronics. These inks were printed on flexible substrates using four distinct patterns—straight, curved, square, and zigzag—and tested under cyclic bending, tensile, and torsional stress to simulate real-world wear and movement. An optimized ink formulation is introduced, reducing nanoparticle content to 20 wt.% GNP and 25 wt.% CB without compromising performance. This improved blend demonstrates enhanced conductivity and mechanical integrity. Among the tested patterns, the curved configuration consistently yielded the lowest resistivity and highest reliability, showcasing superior adaptability under deformation. While GNP-based inks revealed higher hardness and elastic modulus, they also exhibited increased brittleness, with failure occurring before 10,000 loading cycles. The study emphasizes the critical balance between durability and flexibility in the design of nanomaterial-based conductive inks. These findings offer valuable insights for advancing flexible, wearable electronic devices by tailoring material formulations and structural designs to meet specific application demands.

Nanobiosensors for Environment Quality Monitoring: Recent Developments, Challenges and Perspectives.- Photodegradation of Environmental Contaminants Using Green Nanotechnology.- Biogenic Nanocomposites for the Removal of Dyes and Micropollutants from Wastewater.- Nanomaterials in Water Purification: From Pathogens to Microplastics and Heavy Metals.- Emerging Nano-based Therapeutics to Mitigate Environmental Antimicrobial Resistance.- Nanocarriers for Controlled Release of Agrochemicals: Towards Cleaner and Smart Agriculture.- Nanodiagnostics: Advances and Implications in Clinical Diagnosis.- Metal Nanoparticles Assisted Disease Diagnosis: Trends and Perspectives.- Nanomaterial-Based Drug Delivery Systems.-  Nano-Drug Delivery Approaches against Neurodegenerative Diseases with a Focus on Alzheimer's Disease.- Cancer Nanomedicine: Trends and Future Perspectives.- Nanoecotoxicology: Illusion or Reality.

This book presents the applications of nanotechnology in environmental and public health management. The first part presents the implications of nanomaterials in environmental remediation, water purification, and the controlled release of agrochemicals. The environmental nanotechnology section of the book helps readers comprehend the characteristics of novel nanomaterial-based technologies and evaluate any potential risks associated with these materials. The second part of the book provides an overview of the applications of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems and nanodiagnostics—including nano-mediated rapid diagnosis of common human diseases, nano-drug delivery approaches against neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer nanomedicine. The book discusses the long-term consequences of nanomaterials in public health. It includes comprehensive information about the present state of the art, recent developments, challenges, and practical solutions.

Introduction to Nanotechnology in Pulp and Paper.- Nanocellulose: Properties, Synthesis, and Characterization.- Nanocellulose-Based Paper Reinforcements.- Nanocoatings for Enhanced Paper Surface Properties.- Nanoparticles for Pulp and Paper Functionalization.- Nanopigments and Colorants for Sustainable Paper Coloration.- Nanotechnology for Paper Coating and Printing.- Nanomaterials for Paper Recycling and Deinking.- Nanofiltration in Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment.- Nanotechnology for Paper Packaging Innovations.- Nanocomposites in Paper-Based Materials.- Recent advancement of Nanotechnology and biotechnology in pulp bleaching.- Nanotechnology for Energy-Efficient Pulp Production.- Nanosensors for Real-Time Monitoring in Paper Production.- Challenges in Pulp and Paper industry with Nanotechnology.- Life Cycle Assessment of Nanomaterials in Paper Production.- Nanotechnology in Specialty Papers Production and Applications.- Lignin recovery from the pulp and paper industry and its application.- Nanotechnology for Sustainable Paper and Forest Management.- Role of Nanotechnology in treating wastewater from pulp and paper industries.- Future Prospects and Emerging Trends in Nanotechnology for Pulp and Paper.

This book provides crucial information for adopting sustainable practices and enhancing pulp and paper production's performance and efficiency in the nanotechnology era. It examines the possibilities of nanotechnology in the established papermaking industry by showing cutting-edge uses of nanomaterials as reinforcements, coatings, and additives in manufacturing paper. This change can promote environmentally responsible and sustainable business practices within the sector while enhancing the performance and quality of paper goods. The pulp and paper business will transform to become more sustainable, effective, and environmentally friendly by using nanomaterials if paper makers can create high-performance papers with minimal environmental impact by integrating nanocellulose, nanocoatings, and other nanomaterials. This book is useful to researchers, scientists, engineers, and business professionals in the pulp and paper industry, nanotechnology, material science, and sustainable manufacturing.

Overview and Implications of Nanotechtonics.- Nanotechtonic enabled Biomaterials Applications.- Green nanotechtonics driven economic and technological revolution towards biochemical sciences.- Multi functionalization of nanotechtonics and potential applications.- Bio-nanotronics for sensor applications.- Covergence of nanotechtonics and semiconductors.- Nanotechtonics for deformable electronic and energy devices.- Anti-microbial activities through Nanotechtonics.- Novel biomaterials for diagnosis and therapeutics.- Nanotechtonics: Achievements, Key challenges and realities.- Nanotechtonics expanding potential of strains Polymeric nano-biocomposites.- Carbon or Graphene-based nanotechtonics for spectroscopic applications.- Novel semiconducting nanomaterials for device implementations and industrialutilization.- Commercialization of Nanotechtonics: Biochemical screening for sustainable sensors applications.- Magneto sensitive gel based materials for nanotechtonics utilization.- Concluding remarks on key aspects and future progress with nanotechtonics.

Nanotechtonics (or Nanotechtronics) refers to the synthesis, design and construction of novel materials and morphological analysis at the nanoscale range. This book covers three major domains related to applications of nanoarchitectonics in multidisciplinary sciences. Nanotechtonics, nanostructures and hybrid composites are being explored. The book presents a critical analysis of challenges and opportunities in biomedical application of various nanoparticles. It provides an overview and recap of previous work done in the field of nanotechnology. It highlights the future potential areas of research, innovation, development of finished products for commercialization as well.

1 Scale Up Production of Nanomaterials.- 2 Mxenes: A Promising Avenue for Sustainable Nanotechnology.- 3 Graphene: Properties and Applications.- 4 Nanocellulose, Chitosan-Based Nanomaterials: A Renewable Resource.- 5 Exploring Quantum Dots for Photonics Devices.- 6 Nanocomposites: From Design to Multifunctionality in Modern Applications.- 7 Economic and Social Implications of Nanomaterials.- 8 Carbon Nanotubes: Strengthening the Future.- 9 Environmental Impacts and Safety of Nanomaterials.- 10 Life Cycle Assessment and Environmental Impact of Graphene and Carbon Nanotube Production.- 11 Circular Economy Strategies for Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes: Recycling, Reuse and End of Life Management.- 12 Picotechnology for Biological Sciences.- 13 Case Studies in Sustainable Engineering with Nanomaterials.- 14 Future Trends in Nanotechnology.

This book serves as a comprehensive resource on the transformative role of nanomaterials in advancing sustainable engineering practices. It bridges cutting-edge developments in nanotechnology with the urgent need for sustainable solutions, demonstrating how these innovative materials can address global challenges related to energy, the environment, and resource management. It aims to equip readers with a thorough understanding of the properties, applications, and implications of next-generation nanomaterials and describes how these materials can be utilized to develop more efficient, durable, and environmentally friendly technologies and solutions. Suitable for a diverse audience—including researchers, engineers, students, and industry professionals—the content provides both foundational knowledge and practical insights. The book includes detailed discussions on graphene, carbon nanotubes, nanocellulose, metal-organic frameworks, quantum dots, nanocomposites, and nanophotonic materials, with a focus on their unique properties and suitability for sustainable engineering applications. It also presents real-world case studies and applications illustrating how nanomaterials are revolutionizing energy storage, water purification, construction, electronics, and more. Insights into the role of nanomaterials in renewable energy technologies, environmental remediation, and material efficiency are covered. The book provides an overview of the environmental and health impacts of nanomaterials, potential risks, and mitigation strategies and discusses the challenges of scaling up production, ensuring quality control, and standardizing manufacturing processes. Reviews of regulatory frameworks and safe practices in nanomaterial manufacturing and an analysis of the economic benefits and challenges associated with integrating nanomaterials into mainstream engineering practices are included. Readers are also provided with a consideration of social acceptance, public perception, workforce development, and ethical issues related to the deployment of nanomaterials. Finally, the book explores emerging nanomaterials and novel innovations in nanotechnology and a discussion on interdisciplinary approaches and future visions for sustainable engineering with nanomaterials. Thus, this book is a complete and essential guide for understanding how nanotechnology can foster a more sustainable future. It combines theoretical foundations with practical applications and forward-looking insights, making it an invaluable resource for anyone involved in sustainable engineering and nanotechnology.

Nanoscale Design, Synthesis and Processing

Physical and Chemical Structures and Properties of N-G.- N-G Synthesis Methodologies and Characterizations.- Electrochemical Performance and Durability of N-G.- Degradation Mechanism of N-G.- Physical and Chemical Structures and Properties of N-G/MOFs.- Synthesis Methodologies.- Electrochemical Performance and Durability of N-G/MOFs.- Degradation Mechanism and Characteristics.- Synthesis and Characterization.- Performance and Stability of N-G with Metals and Other Materials.- Applications in fuel cells.- Applications in batteries.- Applications in supercapacitors.- Applications in Electrolysis and Other Applications.

This book embarks on an illuminating journey into the remarkable world of nitrogen-doped graphene (N-G) with this comprehensive exploration. Part I lays the foundation, unraveling the physical and chemical intricacies of N-G, from structures and properties to synthesis methodologies, electrochemical performance, and degradation mechanisms. Seamlessly blending theory and practice, it sets the stage for deeper exploration. Part II delves into the composites of N-G with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), exploring their unique composition, synthesis methods, and electrochemical activities. This section paints a vivid picture of their potential applications in catalysis, energy storage, sensors, and medical advancements. In Part III, the narrative shifts to the synthesis strategies and performance intricacies of N-G with a diverse spectrum of materials. From metallic substances to non-metallic counterparts and beyond, these chapters unveil a gateway to creating composite materials, sparking possibilities across various domains. Part IV unfolds the transformative impact of N-doped graphene across diverse applications, revolutionizing energy conversion technologies. From fuel cells to batteries, supercapacitors, and beyond, N-G materials emerge as catalysts for innovation, addressing contemporary challenges in water electrolysis, purification, and biomedical applications. This book paints a vibrant picture of N-doped graphene as a catalyst for innovation and a solution to contemporary energy and environmental challenges. Whether you are a researcher, student, or enthusiast, this comprehensive exploration provides profound insights into the multifaceted capabilities and potential applications of N-G materials.

Mechanisms and Analytical Methodologies of Plant Nanotoxicity

Chapter 1. Status of nanomaterial uses in agriculture and environment.- Chapter 2. Overview of the fundamentals of the synthesis of nanoparticles and characterization techniques.- Chapter 3. Physical and chemical properties of NPs influencing their plant toxicity.- Chapter 4. Role of Nanotechnology in Plant Growth and Development.- Chapter 5. Physiological processes for uptake, translocation, and accumulation of nanomaterials in plants.- Chapter 6. Application of Advanced Characterization Equipment for Nanotoxicity in Plants.- Chapter 7. Analytical methods to characterize nanomaterials' interaction with plant systems.- Chapter 8. Molecular mechanism of nanoparticle toxicity regulation in plants.- Chapter 9. Omics approaches to examine the nanomaterial's impact on biochemical, physiological, and molecular responses in plants.- Chapter 10. Emerging systems biology approaches in plant nanotoxicology: A mechanism-based understanding of nanomaterial hazard.- Chapter 11. Metabolomics to study the effect of primary and secondary metabolism in plants towards nano pollution.- Chapter 12. Exploring the use of flow cytometry for studying nanomaterials’ phytotoxicity assessment.- Chapter 13. Long-Term Evaluation of Nanoparticle Contamination with the Help of Tree Ring Chemistry.- Chapter 14. Impact of nanomaterials on plant cell suspension models.- Chapter 15. IoTs: Internet of Things systems for smart plant health monitoring under nanoparticle stresses.- Chapter 16. Application of X-ray spectroscopy to monitor absorption and transport of nanoparticles.

Engineered nanomaterials have become relevant in large-scale industrial applications and are used in many common devices and products. Their intentional and non-intentional release into the environment may have negative effects in terms of the health of humans and plants. There is increasing concern about nanotoxicity in plants because they are not only a fundamental part of the ecology but also the basis of trophic systems. Nanotoxicology is the branch of toxicology responsible for describing the effects of nanomaterials on living organisms and the environmental consequences resulting from their use. Thorough studies are important because nanomaterials have stronger toxicological effects than those reported for the same materials in bulk or in solution. The main toxicological factor observed in various organisms is oxidative stress. Many techniques have been used to evaluate the toxicity of nanomaterials in plants; however, currently, there is no consensus on the optimal method for evaluating toxicity in plants. A concern is that bioaccumulation of nanoparticles in plants can enter the food chain of animals and humans, constituting a health problem. Therefore, extensive safety research projects and regulations are urgently needed. This volume focuses on the mechanisms and analytical methodologies that are important in plant nanotoxicity and reviews the present status of the nanomaterials that might be directly and indirectly encountering plants. It discusses the characterization of nanomaterials in pristine form and complex biomolecules. The properties of ENM that are important for plant growth or toxicity, and the techniques to study the physiological and molecular impacts on plant bioprocess, are summarized in this volume. Studies on new omics technologies like transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for a deeper understanding of plant nanotoxicology are also discussed. The book serves as a valuable reference source for graduate students, researchers, academicians, and scientists of plant science and nanotechnology. It is a reference book for undergraduate and graduate students in life science disciplines as a bridge between textbooks and recent scientific literature, providing an in-depth knowledge of phyto-nanotoxicology.

Hormesis and nanomaterials: From biostimulation to toxicity.- Biostimulation of crops with nanomaterials from a transcriptomic perspective.- Changes in the activity of plant enzymes and proteins associated with biostimulation with nanomaterials.- Changes in the composition of minerals and metabolites in plants exposed to nanomaterials.- Use of nanomaterials for the in vitro production of plants and plant metabolites.- Physiological and morphological responses of crops when applying nanostimulants.- Induction of tolerance to biotic stress by applying nanostimulants to crops.- Induction of tolerance to abiotic stress by applying nanostimulants to crops.- Improvement in the nutritional quality of crops using nanostimulants.- Use of nanomaterials and nanofertilizers to increase fertilizer use efficiency.- Impact of nanomaterials on the post-harvest life of fruits and vegetables.- Microbial biosynthesis of biostimulant nanomaterials and nanofertilizers.- Plant biosynthesis of biostimulant nanomaterials and nanofertilizers.- The flow and transformations of nanomaterials in agricultural ecosystems.- Nanomaterials in the food chains.

This book covers the topic of biostimulation of crops using nanomaterials to increase crop production and quality improvement, accompanied by the reduction of environmental impact in the form of less use of pesticides and greater efficiency in the use of fertilizers and water. Different classes of biostimulants have been recognized and studied, but nanomaterials are among the most recently considered with a dual category of biostimulation-inducing physical and chemical agents. The physical process of biostimulation occurs through interactions at the interfaces of the nanomaterial corona and cell walls and membranes. In contrast, the chemical process depends on the corona and core composition. The chapters in this book present the different topics of biostimulation with nanomaterials with the consideration of different spheres of organization, from the molecular view to agricultural ecosystems. It looks at the interactions between nanomaterials and plant cells that differ depending on the corona's size, shape, specific surface, and composition, in addition to the dynamic biological contexts of development and interaction with other environmental factors. The book caters to researchers and scientists who are interested in the biostimulation of crops using nanomaterials and their long-term ecological impact.

1. Introduction to Nanotechnology: Fundamentals and Methodologies.- 2. Nanoscale Materials and Their Properties.- 3. Plant Nanoparticle Interactions: Mechanisms and Dynamics.- 4. Uptake and Transport of Nanoparticles in Plants.- 5. Accumulation of Nanoparticles in Plants.- 6. Biological Impacts of Nanoparticle in Plant System.- 7. Nanotoxicology in Plant systems.- 8. Carbon nanomaterials in Plant Nanotechnology.- 9. Quantum Dots in Plant Systems.- 10. Mesoporous Nanoparticles Applications in Agriculture.- 11. Liposomes in Plant Nanotechnology.- 12. Dendrimers in Plant Nanotechnology.- 13. Nanogels Applications in Nutrient Delivery and Plant Growth Promotion.- 14. Characterization Techniques for Nanomaterials in Plant Science.- 15. Imaging and Spectroscopic Methods for Analyzing Nanoparticle-Plant Interactions.- 16. In Vivo Infiltration Techniques for Nanoparticle Delivery Research.- 17. Emerging Tools and Technologies in Plant Nanotechnology.

The book provides an accessible introduction to the core concepts of nanotechnology, the interactions between plants and nanoparticles, and the basic techniques for delivering nanoparticles to plant systems. It offers detailed methodologies and in-depth discussions on the intersection of nanotechnology and plants. The chapters are organized to convey fundamental ideas and provide a comprehensive understanding of plant nanotechnology for readers of all levels. Currently, there is a lack of books addressing interdisciplinary research with a precise overview, and this book can fulfill that demand. The book will serve as a valuable source of fundamental and up-to-date information in the field of plant nanotechnology for graduate students, research scholars, academicians, and scientists from various disciplines.

Nanomedicine and Nanotoxicology

1. Plant response to silver nanoparticles in terms of growth, development, production, and protection: an overview.- 2. Beneficial and adverse effects of silver nanoparticles on plant.- 3. Beneficial and adverse effects of silver nanoparticles on rhizosphere biology.- 4. Genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles in plants and underlying mechanism.- 5. Proteomic study on the effects of silver nanoparticles under abiotic stress.- 6. Silver nanocomposite for improved plant-soil system and underlying mechanism.- 7. Interaction of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and silver nanoparticles in a soil matrix for enhanced plant growth and production.- 8. Effect of silver nanoparticles on seed germination and seedling growth.- 9. Mitigation of metal toxicity in plants using silver nanoparticles.- 10. Mitigation of drought stress in plants using silver nanoparticles.

This book looks at the plant response to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), which showed both beneficial and harmful effects in a plant system. These responses of Ag-NPs are primarily dependent on the concentration, plant species or cultivars, exposure time, shape, and size of NPs. In general, lower concentrations of Ag-NPs increase seed germination, rate of photosynthesis, and overall growth, but at higher concentrations, all these responses are declined in many plant species. Moreover, Ag-NPs at higher concentration induce stress and or phytotoxicity and produce reactive oxygen species which leads to the disruption of cellular metabolism. Ag-NPs exposure increased the number of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and decreased the mitotic index in plant root tip cells. Proteomic study has shown that the exposure Ag-NPs resulted in an accumulation of protein precursors, indicative of the dissipation of a proton motive force. Ag-NPs also influence transcription of flowering key genes and thus delayed flowering time. A beneficial role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in influencing the effects of Ag-NPs on plant-microbe systems in a soil matrix has been also examined. Beside the terrestrial plants, these particles have also influenced the growth of some wetland and aquatic plants, which are covered in this book. This book provides valuable information to scientists, researchers, and students, working specially on plant biology, plant nanobiotechnology, plant biochemistry, plant microbiology, agricultural and other allied subjects and or science.

Progress in the Environmental and Ecological Impact of Nanobiotechnology in Plant System

Introduction to plant nanotechnology.- Recent advances in plant nanotechnology.- Impact of plant nanotechnology on Soil Health and Microbial Communities.- Ecotoxicological Studies of nanoparticles on Non-Target Organisms.- Phytotoxicity and Plant Health.- Development of sustainable nanomaterials with reduced ecological impact .- Remediation approaches for contaminated soils and water bodies.- Transport of Nanoparticles in the Environment and surroundings.- Translocation studies of different nanoparticles in plants.- Role of plant nanotechnology in plant growth and disease control.- Role of plant nanotechnology in water pollution.- Impact of plant nanotechnology on food chain.- Strategies for sustainable usage of plant nanotechnology.- Comparative studies of different nanoparticles being used in agriculture.- Nanotechnology and plant science – current opportunities and challenges.- Plant nanotechnology: A case studies on human health, risk assessment management strategies and future prospects.- Impact of nanoparticles  in  sustainable agriculture.- Role of nanotechnology on environmental sustainability.

This book explores how nanoscale innovations are revolutionizing plant science and crop management, offering transformative solutions to some of agriculture’s most pressing challenges including nutrient loss, pest resistance, soil degradation, water scarcity, and the need for enhanced crop productivity. For over ten thousand years, agriculture has shaped civilizations, feeding societies and driving human progress. Today it stands at the threshold of a new era, one defined by the extraordinary potential of nanobiotechnology. Nanotechnology enables targeted delivery of fertilizers and pesticides, real-time monitoring of plant health through nanosensors, and the development of eco-friendly materials that reduce environmental impact. Yet, alongside these benefits come critical questions about ecological safety, long-term effects on food chains, and sustainable use. Blending cutting-edge research with practical insights, this book examines nanoparticle behavior in soil, water, and plant systems, strategies for minimizing risks, and innovative approaches for integrating nanotechnology into sustainable agriculture. Designed for higher level of students, researchers, scientists, and innovators, it provides a roadmap for harnessing nanobiotechnology responsibly. More than a reference, this book is a guide to the future of farming where technology and ecology converge to ensure food security, protect ecosystems, and shape a resilient agricultural future.

Fundamentals, Characterization, Properties, and Emerging Applications

Nanophotonics and Plasmonics

Chapter 1. Fascinating new generation core-shell quantum dots.- Chapter 2. Donor interaction physics of semiconductor QD nano-spheres.- Chapter 3. Normalized Exciton Binding Energy in Cylindrical Nanostructures: Influences of Quantum Confinement and LO Phonon Contributions.- Chapter 4. The nonlinear optical rectification coefficient in a MSQD: effects of external perturbation and the Kratzer confinement potential.-  Chapter 5. Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature Effects on Nonlinear Optical Rectification in Tetrapod Quantum Dots.- Chapter 6. Absorption coefficient of a delta-doped layer inside three quantum wells subjected to an electric field.- Chapter 7. Stark-shift, binding energy, diamagnetic response, polarizability and dipole moment of shallow donor-impurity in GaAs Core/Shell quantum disk.- Chapter 8. Performance of III-V-based Quantum Well Intermediate Band Solar Cells.- Chapter 9. Recombination Dynamics and Radiative Lifetimes in III-N Semiconductor Photonic Structures.- Chapter 10. Optical Absorption and Oscillator Strength Modulation in GaAs-Based Quantum Dots.- Chapter 11. Kratzer Potential's Impact on Optical Absorption in Multilayer Quantum Dots.

This book addresses one of the most compelling frontiers of contemporary science: the behavior of quantum systems at the nanoscale. In these regimes, where dimensions approach the de Broglie wavelength of charge carriers, matter reveals phenomena unattainable in bulk form, and entirely new avenues for technology emerge. Particular attention is devoted to low-dimensional structures—quantum wells, wires, and dots—together with advanced compound semiconductors of the III–V and III–N families, and metallic clusters whose properties are shaped by confinement and correlation effects. These systems constitute the essential building blocks of modern optoelectronics, quantum photonics, and bioimaging. The chapters herein endeavor to present, with both rigor and clarity, the principles that govern confinement, transport, and optical response at the nanoscale. Special emphasis is placed upon absorption and emission processes, recombination dynamics, and the modulation of electronic states under external fields, temperature, and pressure. In doing so, this work illuminates both physical foundations as well as applications in energy conversion, communication, and sensing. Authored by researchers of significant expertise, the contributions form a coherent account of progress in this swiftly advancing field. It is my conviction that this book serves not only as a record of current achievements but also as an invitation to further inquiry and discovery in the study of quantum-enabled devices.

Revolutionizing Material Science: A Thorough Introduction to the Properties and Innovations of Rare Earth Doped Metal Oxide Nanostructures.- Influence of Rare Earth Element (REEs) Doping on the Properties of Metal Oxides.- C Recent Progress of Nanostructured Rare Earth Metals for Photovoltaic Applications.- Enhanced Adsorption and Degradation of Synthetic Dyes Using Rare Earth Metal-Doped Biodegradable Polymers.- Role of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Rare Earth Doped Metal Oxide Nanoparticles.- Gas Sensing Technologies for Rare earth-doped metal oxide nanostructures: Advances in energy harvesting and environmental sensing.- Computational Modelling of Rare Earth-Doped Nanostructures: Applications in Energy Harvesting and Environmental Sensing.

The book highlights the potential use of rare earth ions in enhancing the properties of metal oxides. This book explores the effects of rare earth substitution on the structure and microstructure of metal oxides, exploring their multifunctional applications in energy harvesting, environmental sensing, and remediation. It presents significant improvements in material properties due to rare earth content, providing detailed methodologies for synthesis, advanced characterization techniques, and real-world application examples. The book addresses the growing interest in these materials by offering new research findings and revising foundational principles, making it a crucial guide for those looking to enhance their understanding and application of rare earth-doped nano-metal oxides in sustainable technology solutions. By bridging the knowledge gap, this book provides a unique focus on integrating rare earth elements into nano-metal oxides, showcasing their synergistic potential across energy, sensing, and environmental remediation fields. It offers practical examples and case studies that highlight the latest applications in real-world scenarios, particularly in the environmental and energy sectors. Contributions from interdisciplinary collaborations provides insights into novel methods and hybrid technologies that push the boundaries of current research. This book is an indispensable resource for material scientists, scholars, and researchers working in metal oxide nanomaterials by focusing on the latest advancements and practical applications.

Materials Engineering

Epoxy: The State of Art, New Challenges and Opportunities.- Chemistry and types of epoxy resins.- Synthesis and curing principles of waterborne epoxy coating.- Role of additives in waterborne epoxy coatings.- Graphene oxide modified waterborne epoxy coatings.- Titanium modified waterborne epoxy coatings.- Alumina-dioxide modified waterborne epoxy coatings.- Zinc oxide modified waterborne epoxy coatings.- Polyaniline modified based waterborne epoxy coatings.- Silica modified waterborne epoxy coatings.- Vegetable oil modified waterborne epoxy coatings.- Self-curing waterborne epoxy coatings.- Applications of waterborne epoxy coatings.

This book explains the fundamentals of waterborne coatings and current market trends that have an impact on the industry. The recent advancements in the field of waterborne epoxy coatings are thoroughly reviewed in the book. With special focus on the critical elements required to improve the properties of the system by the incorporation of various additives and their applications introduces the reader to the field's advancements while also explaining the applications, procedures, and synthesis and characterization techniques that are illustrated throughout. Insights into current research, trends, and issues are also hinted at. The book can be a valuable reference for researchers and professionals interested in waterborne epoxy coatings and allied fields.

Preface.- Introduction.- General Properties of Bulk SiC.- Nanoporous SiC.- SiC Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots.- SiC Nanowires.- SiC Nanotubes and Two-Dimensional Monolayers.- SiC Nanostructured Films.- Biological Applications.

This book is a comprehensive guide to the latest research on low-dimensional silicon carbide (SiC) nanostructures, including nanoparticles and quantum dots, diverse morphologies of nanowires, nanotubes, 2D honeycomb-structured monolayers, nanostructured films, and nanocomposites based on both sound experiments and ab initio calculations and simulations. It also covers the significant advances made in the past several decades in the structural, electronic, and optical properties of various polytypes of bulk SiC crystals as well as fruitful photonic applications of SiC.  SiC nanostructures exhibit fascinating and industrially important properties, including diverse and transformable polytypes, complex and intriguing surface structures including fruitful surface color centers across the entire visible spectral region, and excellent biocompatibility. These properties make them ideal for use in nanoelectronics, photonics, electron field emission, sensing, quantum information, green energy conversion and storage, composite nanostructures, biomedical engineering, and medicine. SiC is also an excellent template for epitaxially growing high-quality graphene and other semiconductors.   This second edition of the book is significantly expanded and updated to reflect those newest advances as well as some important correlated points missed in the first edition, emphasizing the strong correlations between structures and properties. Newly incorporated and highly expanded topics include point defects and spin dynamics, impurities and luminescence, origins of presolar SiC grains, unique characteristics of SiC quantum dots, applications of SiC nanowires in microwave absorption and thermal management, two-dimensional SiC honeycomb-structured monolayers, etc. It is an essential and self-contained reference for materials scientists, physicists, chemists, and engineers working in microelectronics, optoelectronics, microengineering, and biomedical engineering. Graduate students and researchers new to the field will also find this book a valuable resource.

Additively Manufactured Using Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)

Popular additive manufacturing forpolymers and composites.- Fundamental Steps in AdditiveManufacturing.- 3D printing of PU composites.- 3D printing of re-entrantstructures.- 4D printing of shape memory PUcomposites.- Methodologies and analyticaltechniques.- Optimization of printing parameters for dimensional accuracy and surface finish of 3Dprinted PU.- Optimization of nanofiller contentand 3D printing parameters of SMPU/ HNT nanocomposites inresponse todimensional accuracy and surface roughness.- Effect of HNT content and 3Dprinting parameters on mechanical and thermal properties of SMPU/HNTnanocomposites.- Influence of HNT content and 3Dprinting parameters on shape memory behavior and compressive properties ofSMPU/HNT nanocomposites.- Applications.- References.

This book highlights the novel development of additively manufactured polyurethane (PU)/halloysite nanotube (HNT) nanocomposites with the optimisation of 3D printing parameters in fused deposition modelling (FDM) and nanofiller contents to influence dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, mechanical and thermal properties, as well as shape memory behaviour for potential widespread applications in biomedical engineering, electronics, antistatic materials, thermal insulation, sports equipment, garments, etc.

1. TiO2 nanomaterials: Synthesis, properties, modifications, and applications.- 2. Synthesis and Characterizations of Hybrid TiO2 Based Multifunctional Nanomaterials.- 3. TiO2 SOL-GEL NANOMATERIALS: SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS.- 4. Recent Advances in Titanium Dioxide Nanotube Synthesis: A Comprehensive Review.- 5. TiO2-based heterostructure coatings for photocatalytic water purification.- 6. SERS Application of Titanium Dioxide Based Nanomaterials in Health and Environmental Monitoring.- 7. One-dimensional TiO2 Nanostructures for the Degradation of Emerging Contaminants.- 8. Advancing Sunscreen Technology with Multifunctional Hybrid Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.- 9. PROPERTIES OF PHOTOCATALYTICALLY ACTIVE TiO2 NANOPARTICLES AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE.- 10. Recent Development and Future Prospects of Hierarchical Nanostructures of TiO2 in Energy Applications.- 11. Exploring TiO2-based catalysts for seawater splitting: Mechanistic insights and efficiency in hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions.- 12. Biomedical Applications of TiO2-based Nanomaterials.- 13. Titanium Dioxide-Based Multifunctional Hybrid Nanomaterials: A Comprehensive Study of their Biological Applications.- 14. Antibacterial Applications of TiO2 Based Hybrid Semiconductor Nanomaterials: Recent Advances and Future Prospects.- 15. TiO2 hybrid nanomaterials for electrochemical sensing and biosensing applications.

This book provides a comprehensive look at titanium dioxide (TiO₂) semiconductor nanomaterials, covering their synthesis, unique properties, and applications across energy, environmental, and biomedical fields. From fundamental optical and electronic properties to the design of hybrid TiO₂ materials, it explores their role as multifunctional photocatalysts, pivotal in solar cells, hydrogen production, and lithium-ion batteries. Environmental applications are emphasized through TiO₂’s effectiveness in pollutant degradation, CO₂ reduction, and water purification, while biomedical uses include antibacterial functions and biosensing technologies relevant to diagnostics and even COVID-19 studies. With a focus on current advancements and future potential, this book is an essential resource for researchers and industry professionals exploring TiO₂ nanomaterials' diverse scientific and technological impacts.

Nanoscale Design, Synthesis and Processing

Materials for Energy and Catalysis

Waste-Derived Carbon Nanomaterials (WD-CBNMs): Synthesis and Characterization.- Agrowaste-Derived 'Natural' Carbon Nanomaterial with Versatile Applications: Bacterial Cellulose.- Synthesis of carbon nanomaterials from agro-industrial wastes and their extensive applications.- Biological waste-derived carbon dots and their applications.- Waste-derived Cellulose Nanomaterials Based Membranes for Water Filtration Application.- Waste-derived Graphene for the removal of heavy metals: A sustainable approach towards environmental remediation.- Rice Waste-derived Carbon Nanomaterials for Environmental Applications.- Nutshell-derived efficient carbon nanomaterials as a potential smart electrode material for electrocatalytic hydrogen production.- Agricultural waste derived carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications.- Synthesis and Characterization of Bio-based Carbon Nanomaterials from Agricultural Waste for Tissue Engineering Application.- Waste driven Carbon Nanomaterials for drug delivery application.- Waste derived carbon nanotubes (CNTs): A revolutionary product towards energy applications.- Waste-derived Carbon Nanomaterials for Solar Cell Applications.- Waste-derived carbon nanomaterials for Microbial Fuel Cells.- Waste-derived Graphene: A new avenue for Supercapacitors.

This contributed volume focuses on the development of waste-derived carbon nanostructures (WD-CNs) from various waste materials, such as municipal garbage, plastics, industrial waste, and agricultural residues, highlighting their potential for recycling in a circular economy. It explores synthetic processes that convert waste into valuable carbon nanomaterials, reducing the need for cleansing and lowering the carbon footprint compared to traditional methods. The book also examines the functionalization of WD-CNs for diverse applications in energy, environment, and biology, promoting sustainable innovation and commercialization of green technologies. It is a useful tool for researchers, graduate students and professionals working in the fields of materials science, nanotechnology, environmental science, and chemical engineering.