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State StandardsGradeLocal Unit NamePEPE TextMosa Mack Unit
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Massachusetts STE Framework4Earth's Place in the Universe4-ESS1-1Use evidence from a given landscape that includes simple landforms and rock layers to support a claim about the role of erosion or deposition in the formation of the landscape over long periods of time.Earth's Processes & Mapping
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Massachusetts STE Framework4Earth's Systems4-ESS2-1Make observations and collect data to provide evidence that rocks, soils, and sediments are broken into smaller pieces through mechanical weathering and moved around through erosion.Earth's Processes & Mapping
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Massachusetts STE Framework4Earth's Systems4-ESS2-2Analyze and interpret maps of Earth’s mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches, volcanoes, and earthquake epicenters to describe patterns of these features and their locations relative to boundaries between continents and oceans.Earth's Processes & Mapping
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Massachusetts STE Framework4Earth and Human Activity4-ESS3-1Obtain information to describe that energy and fuels humans use are derived from natural resources and that some energy and fuel sources are renewable and some are not.Natural Resources
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4-ESS3-2Evaluate different solutions to reduce the impacts of a natural event such as an earthquake, blizzard, or flood on humans.*Earth's Processes & Mapping
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Massachusetts STE Framework4Life Science4-LS1-1Construct an argument that animals and plants have internal and external structures that support their survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction.Plant & Animal Structures
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Massachusetts STE Framework4Energy4-PS3-1Use evidence to construct an explanation relating the speed of an object to the energy of that object.Energy Transfer
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4-PS3-2Make observations to show that energy can be transferred from place to place by sound, light, heat, and electric currents.Energy Transfer
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4-PS3-3Ask questions and predict outcomes about the changes in energy that occur when objects collide.Energy Transfer
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4-PS3-4Apply scientific principles of energy and motion to test and refine a device that converts kinetic energy to electrical energy or uses stored energy to cause motion or produce light or sound.*Energy Transfer
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Massachusetts STE Framework4Waves and Their Applications in Technologies for Information
Transfer		4-PS4-1Develop a model of a simple mechanical wave (including sound) to communicate that waves (a) are regular patterns of motion along which energy travels and (b) can cause objects to move.Energy Transfer
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4-PS4-2Develop a model to describe that light must reflect off an object and enter the eye for the object to be seen.Energy Transfer
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4-PS4-3Develop and compare multiple ways to transfer information through encoding, sending, receiving, and decoding a pattern.*Energy Transfer
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Massachusetts STE Framework4Engineering Design4.3-5-ETS1-3Plan and carry out tests of one or more design features of a given model or prototype in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify which features need to be improved. Apply the results of tests to redesign a model or prototype.*Unit Engineering Challenges
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4.3-5-ETS1-5(MA)Evaluate relevant design features that must be considered in building a model or prototype of a solution to a given design problem.*Unit Engineering Challenges
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Massachusetts STE Framework5Earth’s Place in the Universe5-ESS1-1Use observations, first-hand and from various media, to argue that the Sun is a star that appears larger and brighter than other stars because it is closer to Earth.Earth's Place in the Universe
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5-ESS1-2Use a model to communicate Earth’s relationship to the Sun, Moon, and other stars that explain (a) why people on Earth experience day and night, (b) patterns in daily changes in length and direction of shadows over a day, and (c) changes in the apparent position of the Sun, Moon, and stars at different times during a day, over a month, and over a year.Earth's Place in the Universe
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Massachusetts STE Framework5Earth’s Systems5-ESS2-1Use a model to describe the cycling of water through a watershed through evaporation, precipitation, absorption, surface runoff, and condensation.Earth's Spheres; Water Cycle (middle school unit)
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5-ESS2-2Describe and graph the relative amounts of salt water in the ocean; fresh water in lakes, rivers, and groundwater; and fresh water frozen in glaciers and polar ice caps to provide evidence about the availability of fresh water in Earth’s biosphere.Earth's Spheres
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Massachusetts STE Framework5Earth and Human Activity5-ESS3-1Obtain and combine information about ways communities reduce human impact on the Earth’s resources and environment by changing an agricultural, industrial, or community practice or process.Earth's Spheres
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5-ESS3-2(MA)Test a simple system designed to filter particulates out of water and propose one change to the design to improve it.*Currently not covered
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Massachusetts STE Framework5From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes5-LS1-1Ask testable questions about the process by which plants use air, water, and energy from sunlight to produce sugars and plant materials needed for growth and reproduction.Food Webs
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Massachusetts STE Framework5Ecosystems: Interactions, Energy, and Dynamics5-LS2-1Develop a model to describe the movement of matter among producers, consumers, decomposers, and the air, water, and soil in the environment to (a) show that plants produce sugars and plant materials, (b) show that animals can eat plants and/or other animals for food, and (c) show that some organisms, including fungi and bacteria, break down dead organisms and recycle some materials back to the air and soil.Food Webs
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5-LS2-2(MA)Compare at least two designs for a composter to determine which is most likely to encourage decomposition of materials.*Currently not covered
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Massachusetts STE Framework5Matter and Its Interactions5-PS1-1Use a particle model of matter to explain common phenomena involving gases, and phase changes between gas and liquid and between liquid and solid.Matter and Its Interactions
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5-PS1-2Measure and graph the weights (masses) of substances before and after a reaction or phase change to provide evidence that regardless of the type of change that occurs when heating, cooling, or combining substances, the total weight (mass) of matter is conserved.Matter and Its Interactions
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5-PS1-3Make observations and measurements of substances to describe characteristic properties of each, including color, hardness, reflectivity, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, response to magnetic forces, and solubility.Matter and Its Interactions
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5-PS1-4Conduct an experiment to determine whether the mixing of two or more substances results in new substances with new properties (a chemical reaction) or not (a mixture).Matter and Its Interactions
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Massachusetts STE Framework5Motion and Stability: Forces and Interactions5-PS2-1Support an argument with evidence that the gravitational force exerted by Earth on objects is directed toward Earth’s center.Gravity
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Massachusetts STE Framework5Energy5-PS3-1Use a model to describe that the food animals digest (a) contains energy that was once energy from the Sun, and (b) provides energy and nutrients for life processes, including body repair, growth, motion, body warmth, and reproduction.Food Webs
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Massachusetts STE Framework5Technological Systems5.3-5-ETS3-1(MA)Use informational text to provide examples of improvements to existing technologies (innovations) and the development of new technologies (inventions). Recognize that technology is any modification of the natural or designed world done to fulfill human needs or wants.Unit Engineering Challenges
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5.3-5-ETS3-2(MA)Use sketches or drawings to show how each part of a product or device relates to other parts in the product or device.*Unit Engineering Challenges
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