Shrub Characteristics Wet Soil and Flooding Adaptability.xlsx

	A	B	D	E	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z	AA	AB	AC	AD	AE	AF	AG	AH	AI	AJ	AK	AL	AN	AO	AR	AS
1	Shrub Characteristics & Adaptability
2	Wet Soil and Flood Tolerant Shrubs
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7	Common Name	Latin Name	Origin	WI Native	Type	Hardiness	Site	Height (ft)	Spread (ft)	Flower Color	Flower Season	Larval Plant	Lepidopteran Species Host	Birds	Deep Shade Tolerant	Heat Tolerant	Drought Tolerance	Wet Soil Tolerant	Flood / Standing Water Tolerant	Clay Soil Tolerance	Deer Resistant	Rabbit Resistant	Alkaline Soil Tolerant	Infertile Soil Tolerant	Juglone Tolerant	Salt Tolerant	Cut Flower	Pollinator Plant	Hummingbird Plant	Fragrance	Urban / Air Pollution Tolerant	Edible Fruit	Screening	Growth Rate	Other	Pruning	Problems	Fall Color	Notes

10	Bottlebrush Buckeye	Aesculus parviflora	North America	No	Deciduous	4a to 8b	Part shade to full shade	8 to 12	8 to 15	White	Summer	Larval	Multiple (30+)				Moderate	Yes	Occasional		Yes	Yes	Yes					Yes	Yes				Screening	Slow	Growth rate increases when established	Little needed, can rejuvenate by pruning to ground. Dormant prune.	More pest tolerant than most Aesculus spp.	Yellow	Flowers well in shade, excellent summer blooming shade tolerant shrub
11	Red Buckeye	Aesculus pavia	North America	No	Deciduous	4a to 8b	Full sun to part shade	12 to 15	12 to 15	Red	Spring							Yes		Yes	Yes							Yes	Yes				Screening	Moderate			Leaf scorch in dry conditions		High severety poisoning characteristics, all parts - glycoside aesculin, saponin aescin
12	Speckled Alder	Alnus incana ssp. rugosa	North America	Yes	Deciduous	2a to 6b	Full sun to part shade	15 to 25	15 to 25	Reddish, insignificant	Early spring	Larval	Green comma, harvester (feeding on wooly aphids)	Seeds				Yes	Yes				Moderate	Yes										Rapid	Flowers before leafing out		Chlorosis in alkaline soil, canker, powdery mildew, leaf curl; aphids, leaf miner, tent caterpillar, lace bug, flea beetle	Insignificant	Nitrogen fixer with Frankia
13	Smooth Alder	Alnus serrulata	North America	No	Deciduous	4a to 9b	Full sun to part shade	10 to 20	8 to 15	Brownish yellow (male), red (female)	Spring	Larval	Harvester butterfly (insectivorous!)	Seeds		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No		Low	Yes										Rapid	Multi-stemmed shrub to small tree		Canker, powdery mildew, leaf curl; aphids, leaf miner, lace bug, flea beetle; high pH chlorosis; deer damage - highly susceptible; weak wood, prone to breakage		Nitrogen fixer with Frankia. Dioecious
16	Eastern Serviceberry	Amelanchier canadensis	North America	No	Deciduous	4a to 8b	Full sun to shade	25 to 30	15 to 20	White	Spring	Larval	Keystone: Small-eyed sphinx moth, red-spotted purple, striped hairstreak, white spotted heyda, bluish spring moth, serviceberry leafroller moth, viceroy, many more	Fruit				Yes		Yes	Resistant		Yes					Yes		Flower		Yes		Moderate			Numerous, but mostly cosmetic vs. damaging	Bronzy orange, showy	Edible fruit
22	False Indigo	Amorpha fruticosa	North America	Yes	Deciduous	4a to 9b	Full sun	4 to 12	6 to 15	Purple with orange anthers	Spring to summer	Larval	California & southern dogfaces, Silver-spotted Skipper (Epargyreus clarus), Gray hairstreak, Hoary edge skipper.				Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes				Yes		Leaf, Flower				Rapid
23	Bog Rosemary	Andromeda polifolia	Europe, Asia, North America	Yes	Evergreen	3a	Full sun to part shade	1 to 3	1 to 3	Pink, white	Summer			Seeds		Low		Yes	Very				No					Yes						Slow	Requires highly acidic soil				Creeping rhizomes
25	Red Chokeberry	Aronia arbutifolia	North America	No	Deciduous	4a to 9b	Full sun to part shade	6 to 12	3 to 6	White to pale pink	Spring			Fruit			Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes						Yes	Yes	Yes		Flower		*		Slow	Fruit not preferred by birds	Prune after flowering in spring	Generally none serious, leaf spot, twig and fruit blight	Bright red-purple	Birds occasionally eat fruit, nonpreferred
26	Black Chokeberry	Aronia melanocarpa	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3b to 8b	Full sun to part shade	3 to 10	6 to 10	White to pinkish	Spring to early summer	Larval	Coral hairstreak	Fruit			Yes	Yes	Very		Resistant		Yes			Yes	Yes	Yes		Flower	Yes	*	Screening	Slow	Suckering habit	Prune after flowering in spring	No serious problems; Japanese beetles, leaf spot	Red	Good fall color
27	Black Chokeberry	Aronia melanocarpa var. elata	North America	No	Deciduous	3a to 8b	Full sun to part shade	5 to 8	6 to 10	White	Spring to early summer			Fruit			Yes	Yes	Very		Resistant		Yes			Yes	Yes	Yes		Flower	Yes	*	Screening	Slow	More vigorous, less suckering, larger leaves, flowers, and fruit than A. melanocarpa	Prune after flowering in spring
28	Purple Chokeberry	Aronia x prunifolia	North America	Yes	Deciduous	4a to 7b	Full sun to part shade	8 to 12	6 to 9	White	Spring			Fruit			Yes	Yes	Yes		Resistant		Yes	Yes		Yes		Yes		Flower	Yes	*	Screening	Slow	Natural hybrida of A. melanocarpa x A. arbutifolia	Prune after flowering in spring
31	Bog Birch	Betula pumila	North America	Yes	Deciduous	4a to 6b	Full sun to part shade	5 to 10		Green, brown, yellow	Spring	Larval	Keystone genus: green comma, lettered habrosyne, elm sphinx, many others	Buds, catkins, nuts				Yes	Yes		No	No	Yes			Yes								Rapid	Separate male and female flowers on the same plant		Resistant to bronze birch borer. Plant bugs, aphids, katydids, wood-boring beetles, weevils, leaf beetles, and sawflies feed on the species
34	Carolina Allspice	Calycanthus floridus	North America	No	Deciduous	4a to 9b	Full sun to part shade	6 to 10	6 to 12	Purple-brown	Spring to summer							Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes					Yes	Yes		Flower				Moderate	Flower smells of overripe fruit, pollinated by sap beetles	Prune immediately after flowering, remove suckers if desired	Generally very resistant to pest problems	Golden yellow	Low severity poisoning characteristics
41	Buttonbush	Cephalanthus occidentalis	North America	Yes	Deciduous	5a to 9b	Full sun to part shade	5 to 12	4 to 8	White to pink	Summer to early fall	Larval	Spring Azure, titan sphinx moth, hydrangea sphinx moth	Seeds		Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Moderate		Yes				Yes	Yes		Flower			Screening	Moderate	Foliage unpalatable and poisonous to livestock	Dormant prune, little pruning needed		Yellow	Good honey plant
43	Leatherleaf	Chamaedaphne calyculata	North America	Yes	Evergreen	3a	Full sun to part shade	1 to 4	1 to 3	White	Spring	Larval	Apple sphinx (Sphinx gordius), black fronted dart (Coenophila opacifrons), cranberry span worm (Epelis truncataria)					Yes	Yes									Yes						Moderate
45	Virgin's Bower, American Clematis	Clematis virginiana	North America	Yes	Vine, deciduous	3a to 8b	Full sun to part shade	12 to 20	3 to 6	White	Summer to fall	Larval	Clematis clearwing moth (feeds on roots)				Yes	Yes			Yes	Yes	Low		Yes			Yes		Flower				Very rapid	Can spread aggressively through suckering and reseeding	At any time, can prune back in spring to promote branching and denser habit, flowers on new wood			Climbs and sprawls via twisting stems
46	Summersweet Clethra	Clethra alnifolia	North America	No	Deciduous	3a to 9b	Full sun to full shade	3 to 8	4 to 6	White	Summer			Fruit			Low	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Low			Yes		Yes		Flower				Moderate		Flowers on new growth, can prune in winter or early spring	Spider mites, but generally not troubled by pests or problems when properly sited
47	Sweet Fern	Comptonia peregrina	North America	Yes	Deciduous	2a to 6b	Full sun to part shade	2 to 5	4 to 8	Greenish yellow	Spring to summer	Larval	Gray heirstreak, Sweetfern underwing moth				Yes	Yes			Yes		Low					Yes		Foliage	Yes			Moderate	Nitrogen fixer		None serious		Nitrogen fixer with Frankia
49	Bunchberry	Cornus (Chamaepericlymenum) canadensis	North America	Yes	Deciduous	2a to 6b	Full sun to shade	.25 to .75	.5 to 1	White to greenish	Summer	Larval	Spring Azure	Fruit				Yes			Resistant	Yes	Low					Yes				Yes		Slow	Groundcover				Mulching with acid material recommended
50	Tatarian Dogwood	Cornus (Swida) alba	Asia	No	Deciduous	3a to 7b	Full sun to part shade	8 to 10	8 to 10	White	Summer			Fruit		No	Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes					Yes	Yes					Screening	Rapid			Leaf spot, twig blight, scale, leaf miner, borer		Red stems
51	Pagoda Dogwood	Cornus (Swida) alternifolia	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a to 7b	Part shade to shade	15 to 25	15 to 32	White	Spring to early summer	Larval	Spring Azure butterfly, snout butterfly, cecropia moth	Fruit			No	Yes			Resistant			Yes	Yes			Yes		Flower		No (dry, bitter)		Slow	Dye plant - roots mixed with vinegar to produce brown dye	When dormant in late winter or early spring, to shape; can grow as single trunk or multi-stem	Golden canker, powdery mildew, leaf spot; requires moist soil, not drought tolerant	Maroon to purple	Horizontally tiered branches
52	Silky Dogwood	Cornus (Swida) amomum	North America	No	Deciduous	5a to 8b	Part shade to shade	6 to 12	6 to 12	White	Spring to summer			Fruit		Yes		Yes	Yes		Resistant		Low		Yes			Yes					Screening	Moderate					Will hybridize with C. racemosa
53	Gray Dogwood	Cornus (Swida) racemosa	North America	Yes	Deciduous	4a to 8b	Full sun to part shade	8 to 16	10 to 15	White	Late spring to early summer	Larval	Spring Azure, unicorn caterpillar, white-lined bomolocha	Fruit		Yes	Moderate	Yes	Yes		Resistant		Low	Yes				Yes					Screening	Moderate	Aggressively suckering habit		Generally no serious issues, dogwood club gall midge (cosmetic)	Red purple	Vigorous suckering habit. Will hybridize with C. racemosa
55	Blood-twig Dogwood	Cornus (Swida) sanguinea	Europe	No	Deciduous	4a to 7b	Full sun to part shade	8 to 15	8 to 15	White	Early summer			Fruit				Yes	Yes		Resistant						Yes	Yes					Screening	Moderate	Young stems have red color	Can prune in spring (20 to 25% of oldest stems) to promote red coloration; can remove root suckers if desired
56	Red-osier Dogwood	Cornus (Swida) sericea (stolonifera)	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a to 7b	Full sun to part shade	4 to 10	7 to 10	White	Summer to fall	Larval	Spring Azure , cercropia moth	Fruit				Very	Yes	Yes	Resistant						Yes	Yes			Yes	Yes	Screening	Rapid		Renewal pruning every few years beneficial to maintain red bark (mature stems grey). Can prune to ground in spring or pruned to shape as desired	Stem canker, leaf spot, twig blight, scale, bagworms, septoria, anthracnose in wet seasons	Greenish purple to reddish purple
57	IRISH SETTER™ Dogwood	Cornus x hybrida 'J.N. Red Stem'	Hybrid	No	Deciduous	3a	Full sun to part shade	8 to 12	8 to 12	White	Summer	?	?	Fruit			Moderate	Moderate									Yes	Yes						Moderate	Hybrid of C. racemosa x C. amomum discovered in late 1990s by Johnson's Nursery; Red stems, reduced suckering, improved (and longer lasting) fall color, improved septoria resistance		Resistant to septoria leaf spot	Maroon
71	Eastern Leatherwood	Dirca palustris	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a to 9b	Part shade to full shade	4 to 6	4 to 6	Yellow	Spring	Larval	Oystershell metrea (Metrea ostreonalis), Harris's three-spot (Harrisimemna trisignata)		Yes			Yes	Yes															Moderate			Generally none serious	Yellow
76	Dwarf Fothergilla	Fothergilla gardenii	North America	No	Deciduous	5a to 8b	Full sun to part shade	1.5 to 3	2 to 4	White	Early spring							Yes			Yes	No	No				Yes			Flower				Slow				Excellent, gold to orange to red
77	Witch-Alder	Fothergilla major	North America	No	Deciduous	4a to 8b	Full sun to part shade	6 to 12	5 to 10	White	Early spring			Seeds			Yes	Yes				No								Flower			Screening	Slow	Good companion for rhododendron, which prefers same soil conditions	Can prune out suckers to prevent colony formation	Winter dieback in zones 4 and 5.	Excellent, gold to orange to red
79	Vernal Witchhazel	Hamamelis vernalis	North America	No	Deciduous	4a to 8b	Full sun to part shade	6 to 16	10 to 15	Yellow with red	Late winter to very early spring			Seeds				Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		Moderate (> H. virginiana)					Yes		Flower				Moderate	Suckering, colonial habit	Prune after flowering, remove suckers if desired. Flowers on old wood.	Japanese beetle, gall aphids, scale, leafroller, leafminer; powdery mildew, leaf spot	Yellow to red, leaves persistent	Pollinated by shivering winter moth (Noctuidae)
80	American Witch-hazel	Hamamelis virginiana	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a to 8b	Part shade to full shade	15 to 20	15 to 20	Yellow	Fall to winter	Larval	Witch hazel dagger moth	Seeds				Yes		Yes	Yes		Low				Yes	Yes		Flower				Moderate		Remove suckers, can prune in early spring if needed	Japanese beetle, gall aphids, scale, leafroller, leafminer; powdery mildew, leaf spot	Yellow	Pollinated by shivering winter moth (Noctuidae)
87	Great St. John's-wort	Hypericum ascyron	North America	Yes		3a to 6b	Full sun to part shade	2 to 6	1 to 3	Yellow	Summer							Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes						Yes						Moderate			Generally none serious
92	Swamp Holly	Ilex decidua	North America	No	Deciduous	5a to 9b	Full sun to part shade	7 to 15	5 to 12	White	Spring			Fruit				Yes	Yes	Yes	Moderate							Yes		Flower				Moderate					Dioecious
93	Inkberry	Ilex glabra	North America	No	Evergreen	4a to 9b	Full sun to part shade	5 to 8	5 to 8	Greenish white	Early summer			Fruit				Yes			Yes	Yes	No			Moderate	Yes	Yes		Flower	Yes			Slow	Dioecious		Generally none serious; leaf spot, spider mite; chlorosis in high pH soil
94	Winterberry	Ilex verticillata	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a to 9b	Full sun to shade	6 to 12	6 to 12	White, yellow, green	Spring to summer	Larval	Henry's Elfin	Fruit			Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Resistant		No				Yes	Yes		Flower				Slow	Dioecious - male and female plants needed for fruiting	Heading cuts in early spring before growth begins	Leaf spot, powdery mildew		Dioecious
95	Foster's Holly	Ilex x attenuata	Hybrid	No	Evergreen	6a to 9b	Full sun to part shade	12 to 25	8 to 18	Greenish white	Spring			Fruit				Yes									Yes	Yes		Flower	Yes			Moderate	Not reliably hardy in zone 5		Holly leaf miner, mites, whitefly, scale; leaf spot, tar spot, powdery mildew; chlorosis at high pH		Natural hybrid of I cassine x I. opaca
96	Virginia Sweetspire	Itea virginica	North America	No	Deciduous	5a to 9b	Full sun to part shade	3 to 5	3 to 5	White	Summer			Seeds				Yes		Yes	Yes		Moderate				Yes	Yes		Flower				Moderate				Red to purple, persistent
100	Bog Kalmia	Kalmia polifolia	North America	Yes	Evergreen	2b	Full sun to shade	1 to 3	1 to 3	1 to 3								Yes	Yes	Yes			No					Yes						Slow	Requires acidic soil				High severity pouison characteristics - andromedotoxin (resinoid), arbutin (glycoside)
101	Bog Labrador Tea	Ledum groenlandicum	North America	Yes	Evergreen	2b	Full sun to full shade					Larval	Northern Blue butterfly (Lycaeides idas)					Yes	Yes				No					Yes		Foliage				Slow	Requires acidic soil				All parts POISONOUS - highly toxic, andromedotoxin
102	Northern Spicebush	Lindera benzoin	North America	No	Deciduous	4a to 9b	Full sun to part shade	6 to 15	6 to 12	Pale yellow	Early spring	Larval	Eastern tiger swallowtail, spicebush swallowtail, promethea silkmoth	Fruit			Yes	Yes	Occasional	Yes	Yes		Moderate		Yes			Yes		Foliage		Yes		Slow	Heavy shade tolerant, but reduced fruiting and more open habit, less showy fall color		None serious	Yellow	Dioecious, male fllowers showier than female
103	Swamp Fly Honeysuckle	Lonicera oblongifolia	North America	Yes	Deciduous	4a	Part shade to shade	2 to 5	2 to 5	Cream white	Early summer		Snowberry clearwing, brown-lined sallow moth, Harris's Three-spot, Hummingbird clearwing	Fruit				Yes	Yes				High				Yes	Yes	Yes	Flower				Rapid		Can rejuvenate prune as needed by removign about 25% of old shoots		Yellowish	Uncommon species
106	Northern Bayberry	Myrica (Morella) pensylvanica	North America	No	Deciduous	3a to 7b	Full sun to part shade	5 to 10	5 to 10	Yellow-green	Spring	Larval	Columbia silkmoth	Fruit		Yes	Yes	Yes	Occasional				No	Yes		Yes				Foliage (crushed)				Moderate		Dormant prune	Generally none serious		Dioecious. Nitrogen fixing with Frankia
107	Sweetgale	Myrica gale	North America	Yes	Deciduous	2a	Part shade	2 to 6	2 to 8	Yellow	Spring	Larval	Blueberry dart, poecila sphinx, apple sphinx, bella moth, ruby tiger moth, red-fronted emerald, white-market tussock moth					Yes			Yes	Yes	Low							Foliage (crushed)				Moderate	Sprawling, suckering habit			Insignificant	Nitrogen fixer with Frankia
111	Common Ninebark	Physocarpus opulifolius	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a to 8b	Full sun to part shade	5 to 10	4 to 10	White to pink	Early summer	Larval	White Spring Moth, Unicorn Caterpillar, Dark-spotted Palthis Moth, Io Moth, Large Maple Spanworm, Hitched Arches, Bluish Spring Moth, Glorious Habrosyne Moth, Raspberry Leafroller Moth, and Dimorphic Eulithis Moth	Seeds		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes			Low		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes						Rapid	Fast growing	Renewal prune when needed; thinning may help reduce powdery mildew problems; prune after flowering or when dormant	Powdery mildew; removing 1/3 of old shoots in spring helps	Yellow-brown to rusty orange
115	Sweet Azalea	Rhododendron arborescens	North America	No	Deciduous	4a to 7b	Part shade	8 to 20	8 to 20	White	Late spring to summer	Larval						Yes	Occasional			Yes	No				Yes	Yes		Flower			Screening	Rapid				Red-purple to orange	One of the hardier, faster growing native azaleas
117	Pinkshell Azalea	Rhododendron vaseyi	North America	No	Deciduous	5a to 7b	Full sun to part shade	5 to 15	5 to 15	Pink								Yes	Occasional			Yes					Yes	Yes					Screening	Slow
118	Swamp Azalea	Rhododendron viscosum	North America	No	Deciduous	4a to 9b	Part shade	2 to 8	2 to 8	White to pale pink	Summer					Yes		Yes	Occasional			Yes	No				Yes	Yes		Flower			Screening	Slow					Good hummingbird plant
124	American Black Currant	Ribes americanum	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a	Full sun to shade	3 to 6		Yellow	Spring to ealry summer	Larval	Spring Azure	Fruit				Yes	Occasional	Yes			Yes					Yes				Yes		Rapid			White pine blister rust carrier	Red-orange
130	Smooth Rose	Rosa blanda	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3b to 7b	Full sun to part shade	2 to 6	2 to 5	Pink shades	Summer	Larval	Sphynx moths, Automeris Io, Cercropia	Fruit			Yes	Yes	Occasional								Yes	Yes		Flower		Yes		Moderate	Rose rosette resistant		Fungal infection		Suckering habit, mostly thornless
131	Pasture Rose, Carolina Rose	Rosa carolina	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3b to 9b	Full sun to part shade	3 to 6	5 to 10	Pink	Early summer	Larval	Sphynx moths, Automeris Io, Cercropia	Fruit		Yes	Yes	Yes	Occasional				Low				Yes	Yes		Flower		Yes		Moderate	Rose rosette resistant	Late winter to ealry spring	More resistant to rose problems than most varietiers and hybrids. Fungal infection, black spot, powdery mildew, rust, rose rosette; Japanese beetle		Suckering habit
132	Swamp Rose	Rosa palustris	North America	Yes	Deciduous	4a to 9b	Full sun to shade	3 to 6	3 to 6	Pink	Late spring to early summer	Larval	Sphynx moths, Automeris Io, Cercropia	Fruit				Yes	Yes				Low				Yes	Yes		Flower		Yes		Moderate			Generally resistant to common rose diseases.
133	Rugosa Rose	Rosa rugosa	Asia	No	Deciduous	2a to 7b	Sun	4 to 6	4 to 6	Rose pink to white	Summer	Larval	Sphynx moths, Automeris Io, Cercropia	Fruit			Yes	Yes		Yes				Yes		Very	Yes	Yes		Flower	Yes	Yes		Rapid	Very thorny, good for hedging	Late winter to early spring	Generally resistant to common rose problems. Species can be aggressive, cultivars les so. Japanese beetle		Considered invasive in parts fo the NE US and Canada
136	Wood's Rose	Rosa woodsii	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a to 8b	Full sun to part shade	2 to 10		Pink	Summer			Fruit			Yes	Yes									Yes	Yes		Flower				Rapid	Fire resistant
138	Coral Bark Willow	Salix alba 'Britzensis'	Europe, Asia, Africa	No	Deciduous	2b	Full sun to part shade	15 to 8	10 to 50	Yellow-white	Early spring							Yes	Yes	Yes					Yes	Yes	Yes							Rapid	Dioecious, but 'Britzensis' is a male variety	Can be pruned to maintain as a shrub; dormant prune	Foliar diseases, blights, cankers; aphids, scale, borer	Prominent red color on new growth stems in winter	Can grow 6 to 8 feet per year
139	Goat Willow	Salix caprea	Eurasia	No	Deciduous	4a to 8b	Full sun to part shade	12 to 25	8 to 15	Pinkish grey	Late winter to early spring	Larval	Viceroy (Limenitis archippus)					Yes	Yes		Yes				Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes					Yes	Rapid	Dioeciuos, male catkins in spring are attractive	Dormant prune	Short lived; susceptible to powdery mildew, leaf spots, canker; weak wood; shallow roots
140	Japanese Pussy Willow	Salix chaenomeloides	Asia	No	Deciduous	5b	Full sun to part shade	15 to 20	15 to 20	Pinkish silver	Late winter	Larval	Viceroy (Limenitis archippus)					Yes	Yes							Yes	Yes	Yes						Rapid		Very pruning tolerant; dormant prune
141	Pussy Willow	Salix discolor	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a to 8b	Sun	6 to 15	4 to 12	Whitish, green	Early spring	Larval	Mourning Cloak, Viceroy, Red-spotted Purple, Eastern Tiger Swallowtail, Acadian Hairstreak, Dreamy Hairstreak					Yes	Yes				Moderate			Yes	Yes	Yes					Screening	Rapid	Dioecious - male plants have attractive "pussy toes"	Dormant prune	Short lived (but fast growing); prone to wind damage; may sucker aggressively
142	Rosemary Willow	Salix elaeagnos	Eurasia	No	Deciduous	3a to 7b	Sun	10 to 15	8 to 10	Green	Spring	Larval					Moderate	Yes	Yes							Yes	Yes	Yes						Rapid		Dormant prune; can rejuvenate prune in early spring before growth resumes
143	Black Pussy Willow	Salix gracistyla var. melanostachys	Asia	No	Deciduous	4b	Full sun to part shade	6 to 10	6 to 10	Dark purple with red	Spring	Larval						Yes	Yes		Yes				Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes						Rapid		Dormant prune
144	Prairie Willow	Salix humilis	North America	Yes	Deciduous	4a	Sun	6 to 10	4 to 8	Greenish	Early spring	Larval	Green comma				Yes	Yes					Moderate			Yes		Yes						Rapid	Dioecious - male plants have attractive "pussy toes"	Dormantt prune	Short lived (but fast growing); prone to wind damage
145	Japanese Dappled Willow	Salix integra 'Hakuro Nishiki'	Asia, Siberia	No	Deciduous	4b	Full sun to part shade	4 to 6	5 to 7	Insignificant	Spring							Yes	Yes						Yes	Yes		Yes						Rapid	Variegated foliage emerges pinkish	Dormant prune			Reduced foliage color in hot climates
146	Purple Basket Willow	Salix purpurea	Europe, NW Africa	No	Deciduous	3a to 6b	Full sun to part shade	6 to 10	6 to 10	Greenish	Early spring	Larval	Viceroy				Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes			Yes			Yes		Yes						Rapid	Good erosion control plant	Dormant prune	Willow blight fungus		Stems often used for weaving baskets
147	Japanese Fantail Willow	Salix udensis 'Sekka'	Asia	No	Deciduous	4a	Full sun to part shade	10 to 15	10 to 15	Greyish	Spring							Yes	Yes		Yes		Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes							Rapid	Rust resistant variety	Dormant prune		Yellow to gold	Male cultivar, contorted, flattened branchlets
148	Common Elderberry	Sambucus canadensis (S. nigra ssp. canadensis)	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a to 9b	Full sun to part shade	5 to 12	5 to 12	White	Early summer	Larval	White-lined sphinx, imperial moth, polyphemus moth, cercropia silkmoth, whitemarked tussock moth, others	Fruit		Yes	Yes	Yes		Yes			Moderate					Yes		Flower		Yes (ripe)		Moderate		Prune heavily in winter	Vigorous, suckering habit; cutting to ground every 2 years may help keep in check	Yellow	POISONOUS (except ripe fruit), but not highly toxic (low severity)
151	Red Elderberry	Sambucus racemosa	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a to 7b	Full sun to shade	8 to 20	8 to 15	White	Summer	Larval	White-lined sphinx, imperial moth, polyphemus moth, cercropia silkmoth, whitemarked tussock moth, others	Fruit				Yes			Resistant							Yes		Flower		Yes (ripe)		Moderate		Dormant prune		Yellow	POISONOUS, more toxic than other species. Ripe fruit may be toxic, but have a history of being eaten by indigenous peoples after cooking
154	Carrion Flower	Smilax herbacea	North America	Yes	Vine, semi-evergreen	4a to 8b	Full sun to part shade	3 to 10	1 to 3	Yellow, green, white	Spring	Larval	Phosphila moths, Carrion Flower Moth	Fruit				Yes										Yes		Flower (strongly unpleasant)		Leaf and shoot (Cooked)			Fly pollinated, flower smells of rotting meat			Tan to yellow	Dioecious
155	White Meadowsweet	Spiraea alba	North America	Yes	Deciduous	4a to 7b	Full sun to shade	3 to 4	3 to 4	White	Summer	Larval	Spring Azure	Seeds		Yes		Yes	Occasional		Resistant		Low				Yes	Yes		Flower				Moderate			Generally not serious, but susceptible to Rose family problems
159	Steeplebush	Spiraea tomentosa	North America	Yes	Deciduous	4a to 8b	Full sun to shade	2 to 4	3 to 5	Pink to rose	Summer to early fall	Larval	Columbia silkmoth, scallop shell moth, sharp-lined moth, apple sphinx, poecila spinx, others	Seeds		Yes		Yes	Occasional		Resistant	Yes	Moderate				Yes	Yes			Yes			Rapid	Persists in shade, but may not flower		Generally not serious, but susceptible to Rose family problems
161	American Bladdernut	Staphylea trifolia	North America	Yes	Deciduous	4a	Part shade to full shade	10 to 15	10 to 15	Green, white	Early spring	Larval	Whitemarked tussock moth (Orgyia leucostigma)		Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes					Yes			Yes						Rapid	Edible seeds		Generally none serious	Yellow to gold	Stems with seed capsules can be used in cut flower arrangements
177	Highbush Blueberry	Vaccinium corymbosum	North America	Yes	Deciduous	5a to 8b	Full sun to shade	6 to 12	8 to 12	White to pinkish	Spring	Larval	Brown Elfin, Spring Azure, Pink-edged Sulphur	Fruit			Yes	Yes	Occasional				No					Yes				Yes		Moderate	Requires highly acidic soil	Prune in late winter	Blueberry maggot, cherry fruit worm, spotted wing drosophila; mummyberry	Yellow, orange, red-purple	Edible fruit
178	American Cranberry	Vaccinium macrocarpon	North America	Yes	Evergreen	2b to 7b	Part shade	.25 to .5	1 to 6	White to pink	Late spring to summer	Larval	Green comma, Snowberry Clearwing, apple sphinx, definite tussock moth, red humped caterpillar, polyphemus moth	Fruit				Yes	Yes				No					Yes						Moderate	Requires highly acidic soil
182	Witherod Viburnum	Viburnum cassinoides (V. nudum var. cassinoides)	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a to 8b	Full sun to part shade	5 to 12	5 to 12	White	Summer			Fruit				Very	Occasional				Yes				Yes	Yes				Yes		Moderate		Prune after flowering	Viburnum leaf beetle (moderately susceptible), crown borer	Orange-red to red-purple	Good fall color
184	Squashberry, Moosweood Viburnum	Viburnum edule	North America	Yes	Deciduous	5a	Full sun to part shade	2 to 12		White	Spring to summer			Fruit				Yes		Yes							Yes	Yes				Yes		Rapid					Similar appearance to V. opulus var. americanum, but has petiole glands mostly lacking, teeth near base bear glands, all flowers bixexual (va. Fertile flowers with few shoy sterile flowers)
186	Hobblebush, Alder-Leaved Viburum	Viburnum lantanoides (V. alnifolium)	North America	No	Deciduous	3a to 6b	Full sun to full shade	3 to 10	6 to 12	White	Early summer	Larval	Spring Azure	Fruit				Yes			Yes		Yes				Yes	Yes						Slow	Branches commonly bend and root, creating "hobbles" that can trip the unwary		moderately susceptible to viburnum leaf beetle	Bronzy red to purple
189	Witherod Viburnum, Possumhaw	Viburnum nudum	North America	Yes	Deciduous	5a to 9b	Full sun to part shade	12 to 20	5 to 12	White	Early summer	Larval	Spring Azure	Fruit				Yes					Yes				Yes	Yes		Flower		Yes		Moderate			Viburnum leaf beetle highly susceptible	Maroon to red purple	Flood tolerant
191	American Highbush Cranberry	Viburnum opulus var. americanum (V. trilobum)	North America	Yes	Deciduous	2a to 7b	Full sun to part shade	6 to 12	8 to 12	White		Larval	Spring Azure, lesser vibrunum clearwing moth, hummingbird clearwing, holly blue, and many others	Fruit				Yes	Yes				No			Yes	Yes	Yes				*		Moderate			Viburnum leaf beetle, aphids, Viburnum crown borer	Purplish red	ID vs. European HBC - look at glands on leaf petioles - American has bulged (convex) glands, European has "dented" (concave) glands
196	Smooth Arrowwood	Viburnum recognitum	North America	Yes	Deciduous	4a to 7b	Part shade to shade	5 to 15	5 to 15	White	Spring	Larval	Spring azure, azalea sphynx, green marvel, numerous moths	Fruit				Yes					Low				Yes	Yes		Flower, unpleasant				Moderate	Similar to V. dentatum, but with downy hairs on leaf undersides vs. smooth in V. dentatum		Viburnum leaf beetle, borers		Similar to V. dentatum, but with hairless (or nearly) leaf undersides.
200	Tea Viburnum	Viburnum setigerum	China	No	Deciduous	5a to 7b	Full sun to part shade	8 to 12	5 to 8	White	Spring			Fruit			Yes	Moderate		Yes	Moderate		Moderate				Yes	Yes						Slow	Flowers small, not very showy	After flowering	Resistant to viburnum leaf beetle	Purplish	Leaves historically used for herbal tea
212	Yellowroot	Xanthorhiza simplicissima	North America	No	Deciduous	3a to 9b	Part shade to full shade	.5 to 2.5	6 to 10	Dark maroon purple	Spring			Fruit			Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes													Fast	Acidic soil tolerant				Suckering habit, good groundcover
214	Prickly Ash	Zanthoxylum americanum	North America	Yes	Deciduous	3a to 7b	Full sun to part shade	15 to 20	10 to 15	Yellow-green, insignificant	Spring	Larval	Giant Swallowtail, thoas swallowtail, spicebush swallowtail	Fruit			Yes						Yes		Yes			Yes		All parts			Screening	Fast	Thorny, with weedy habit; suckers to produce dense thickets		Generally pest free. Limited ornamental value		Indigenous medicinal uses
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