| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | |
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1 | Disease/Condition | Intervention | Intervention type | Intervention description | Intervention setting | Objective | Target population | Cost effectiveness (US$/DALY) | Cost effectiveness range (US$/DALY) | Number of DALYs averted (hundreds) | Number of deaths averted | Quality of cost effectiveness analysis evidence | Cost effectiveness (US$/DALY), cleaned | LOG10(US$/DALY) | DALY per $1000 | LOG10(DALY per $1000) | |||||||||
2 | Soil-transmitted helminthic infections | Albendazole | Population-Based | Annual albendazole anthelmintic drug treatment to reduce morbidity through the deworming of Ascaris Trichuris and hookworm in school-age children | community school | Population-oriented medical intervention | School-age children | 3 | -- | 127.76 | 1.98 | 5 | 3 | 0.4771212547 | 333.3333333 | 2.522878745 | |||||||||
3 | Measles | Second opportunity vaccination in a fixed facility | Population-Based | Second opportunity to receive a dose of measles vaccine (either through routine or supplemental immunization activities) at a fixed facility | clinic | Population-oriented medical intervention | Infants and children | 4 | -- | -- | -- | 5 | 4 | 0.6020599913 | 250 | 2.397940009 | |||||||||
4 | Emergency medical care | Training volunteer paramedics with lay first responders | Population-Based | Identification and training of community member first responders and paramedics to act in health emergencies recognize lifeor limb-threatening situations transport patients and provide basic first aid | policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | 6 | -- | 18.42 | 74 | 5 | 6 | 0.7781512504 | 166.6666667 | 2.22184875 | |||||||||
5 | Malaria | Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with drug other than sulfadoxinepyrimethamine | Personal | Intermittent preventive treatment in areas with high and stable transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria; two curative doses of antimalarial treatment given with a possible change in first-line therapies from chloroquine to sulfadoxinepyrimethamine chloroquine to artemisinin combination therapy or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine to artemisinin combination therapy | clinic | Primary prevention | Pregnant women | 7 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 2-11 (SubSaharan Africa) | -- | 77500.00 (SubSaharan Africa) | 5 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 7 | 0.84509804 | 142.8571429 | 2.15490196 | |||||||||
6 | Tuberculosis diphtheria pertussis tetanus polio measles | Traditional Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) | Population-Based | Scaling up of EPI; a fixed increment of coverage added for each year 2002-11 to reach 90 percent; coverage increases assumed to result from switching to more effective and intensive implementation strategies rather than additional infrastructure investments | community | Population-oriented medical intervention | Infants and children | 7 | -- | -- | -- | 5 | 7 | 0.84509804 | 142.8571429 | 2.15490196 | |||||||||
7 | Leishmaniasis | Case finding and treatment | Personal | Combination of identification and treatment vector control where feasible and (in zoonotic foci) control of animal reservoirs | clinic district hospital | Primary prevention | All ages | 9 | -- | -- | -- | 2 | 9 | 0.9542425094 | 111.1111111 | 2.045757491 | |||||||||
8 | African trypanosomiasis | Melarsoprol | Personal | Used in the second stage of the disease | clinic | Secondary prevention | All ages | 10 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | -- | -- | -- | 2 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 10 | 1 | 100 | 2 | |||||||||
9 | Malaria | Insecticidetreated bednets | Population-Based | Impregnation of bednets with deltamethrin one treatment of permethrin or two treatments of permethrin with the bednets either purchased or subsidized | home | Control of environmental hazards | All ages | 11 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 5-17 (SubSaharan Africa) | 376.00 (SubSaharan Africa) | 1429.60 (SubSaharan Africa) | 5 (SubSaharan Africa) | 11 | 1.041392685 | 90.90909091 | 1.958607315 | |||||||||
10 | Myocardial infarction | Aspirin and beta-blocker | Personal | Aspirin with or without betablocker (atenolol) | district hospital referral hospital | Acute management | Adults | 14 | 13-15 | 1.04 | -- | 5 | 14 | 1.146128036 | 71.42857143 | 1.853871964 | |||||||||
11 | African trypanosomiasis | Case finding and treatment | Personal | Identification and treatment of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense using the card agglutination trypanosomiasis test with parasitological confirmation allowing for rapid diagnosis and treatment | clinic | Primary prevention cure | All ages | 15 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | -- | -- | -- | 2 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 15 | 1.176091259 | 66.66666667 | 1.823908741 | |||||||||
12 | Down syndrome | Prenatal screening with option of pregnancy termination | Population-Based | Prenatal genetic screening program incorporating maternal serum triple screening of all pregnant women for trisomy of chromosome 21 to allow parents to determine whether to continue with an affected pregnancy | clinic district hospital | Population-oriented medical intervention | Pregnant women | 15 | -- | -- | -- | 5 | 15 | 1.176091259 | 66.66666667 | 1.823908741 | |||||||||
13 | Lymphatic filariasis | Annual mass drug administration | Population-Based | Two annual single-dose twodrug regimens are recommended: ivermectin plus albendazole in African countries that are coendemic for onchocerciasis and diethylcarbamazine plus albendazole for all other endemic countries | clinic community | Population-oriented medical intervention | All ages | 15 (South Asia) | 4-27 (South Asia) | -- | -- | 4 (South Asia) | 15 | 1.176091259 | 66.66666667 | 1.823908741 | |||||||||
14 | Malaria | Residual household spraying | Population-Based | One or two doses of malathion DDT deltamethrin or lambdacyhalothrin applied to household surfaces | home | Control of environmental hazards | All ages | 17 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 9-24 (SubSaharan Africa) | 376.00 (SubSaharan Africa) | 1429.60 (SubSaharan Africa) | 5 (SubSaharan Africa) | 17 | 1.230448921 | 58.82352941 | 1.769551079 | |||||||||
15 | Malaria | Intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxinepyrimethamine | Personal | Intermittent preventive treatment in areas with high and stable transmission of Plasmodium falciparum malaria; two curative doses of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine given during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy during prenatal care visits | clinic | Primary prevention | Pregnant women | 19 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 13-24 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 208.00 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 827.80 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 5 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 19 | 1.278753601 | 52.63157895 | 1.721246399 | |||||||||
16 | African trypanosomiasis | Eflornithine | Personal | Used in the second stage of the disease | clinic | Secondary prevention | All ages | 20 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | -- | -- | -- | 2 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 20 | 1.301029996 | 50 | 1.698970004 | |||||||||
17 | Traffic accidents | Increased speeding penalties enforcement media campaigns and speed bumps | Population-Based | Minimizing exposure to high-risk scenarios by installation of speed bumps at hazardous junctions increased penalties for speeding and other effective road-safety regulations combined with media coverage and better enforcement of legislation | policy level | Instrument of policy | Adults | 21 | 3-38 | 0.67 | 197.16 | 5 | 21 | 1.322219295 | 47.61904762 | 1.677780705 | |||||||||
18 | Lymphatic filariasis | Diethyl carbamazine salt | Population-Based | Fortification of salt with diethyl carbamazine | policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | 22 (South Asia) | 1-43 (South Asia) | -- | -- | 4 (South Asia) | 22 | 1.342422681 | 45.45454545 | 1.657577319 | |||||||||
19 | Tobacco addiction | Taxation causing 33% price increase | Population-Based | A 33 percent price increase due to tobacco taxes to discourage tobacco use prevent initiation (and subsequent addiction) among youths increase the likelihood of cessation among current users reduce relapse among former users and reduce consumption among continuing users | policy level | Instrument of policy | Adolescents and adults | 22 | -- | 37.27 | 1905.99 | 5 | 22 | 1.342422681 | 45.45454545 | 1.657577319 | |||||||||
20 | Adolescent health and nutrition | School health and nutrition programs | Population-Based | Inclusion of deworming of intestinal worms and schistosomiasis; prompt recognition and treatment of malaria; insecticide-treated bednets; micronutrient supplements; breakfast snacks other meals; first-aid kits; referral to youthfriendly clinics; and counseling and psychosocial support | community school | Population-oriented medical intervention | School-age children | 37 | -- | -- | -- | 3 | 37 | 1.568201724 | 27.02702703 | 1.431798276 | |||||||||
21 | HIV/AIDS | Peer and education programs for high-risk groups | Population-Based | Targeting community members (for example students or commercial sex workers) to disseminate information and teach specific skills | community | Personal behavior change | Adolescents and adults | 37 | 6-68 | -- | -- | 2 | 37 | 1.568201724 | 27.02702703 | 1.431798276 | |||||||||
22 | Onchocerciasis | Ivermectin | Population-Based | Annual dose of ivermectin | clinic community | Population-oriented medical intervention | Adults over 40 | 37 | -- | -- | -- | 3 | 37 | 1.568201724 | 27.02702703 | 1.431798276 | |||||||||
23 | Integrated management of childhood illness | Integrated management of childhood illness | Personal | Integration of effective interventions to improve child health and nutrition into a coordinated strategy by improving health worker performance child health service delivery and family and community practices | clinic | Primary prevention secondary prevention cure | Children | 39 (SubSaharan Africa) | -- | -- | -- | 3 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 39 | 1.591064607 | 25.64102564 | 1.408935393 | |||||||||
24 | Trachoma | Trichiasis surgery | Personal | Trichiasis surgery (eyelid correction) to prevent blindness and reduce likelihood of other conditions | district hospital referral hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults over 40 | 39 | -- | -- | -- | 3 | 39 | 1.591064607 | 25.64102564 | 1.408935393 | |||||||||
25 | Underweight children | Child survival program with nutrition component | Population-Based | Community-based nutrition programs to prevent growth faltering control morbidity and improve survival by promoting breastfeeding providing education and counseling on optimal child feeding preventing diarrheal disease and monitoring growth | community | Population-oriented medical intervention | Children under 5 | 42 | -- | -- | -- | 2 | 42 | 1.62324929 | 23.80952381 | 1.37675071 | |||||||||
26 | Diarrheal disease | Water sector regulation with advocacy where clean water supply is limited | Population-Based | Surveillance of drinking water quality and quality of service by the water supply utility in terms of coverage quantity continuity control of sanitary hazards and cost as well as advocacy of lower connection charges | policy level community | Instrument of policy control of environmental hazards | All ages | 47 | -- | -- | -- | 1 | 47 | 1.672097858 | 21.27659574 | 1.327902142 | |||||||||
27 | HIV/AIDS | Voluntary counseling and testing | Population-Based | Routine and voluntary confidential HIV counseling and testing | clinic | Population-oriented medical intervention | Adults | 47 | 10-85 | -- | -- | 2 | 47 | 1.672097858 | 21.27659574 | 1.327902142 | |||||||||
28 | Coronary artery disease | Legislation substituting 2% of trans fat with polyunsaturated fat at $0.50 per adult | Population-Based | Legislation replacing 2% of dietary trans fat from partial hydrogenation in manufactured foods with polyunsaturated fat at a cost of $0.50 per adult and assuming a 7% reduction in coronary artery disease | policy level | Instrument of policy | Adults | 48 | -- | -- | -- | 5 | 48 | 1.681241237 | 20.83333333 | 1.318758763 | |||||||||
29 | HIV/AIDS | Sexually transmitted infection diagnosis and treatment | Personal | Sexually transmitted infection screening and treatment promotion to prevent future infection and to identify and treat highrisk populations | clinic | Primary prevention cure | Adolescents and adults | 57 (SubSaharan Africa) | 9-105 (SubSaharan Africa) | -- | -- | 2 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 57 | 1.755874856 | 17.54385965 | 1.244125144 | |||||||||
30 | Tuberculosis (endemic) | BCG vaccine | Population-Based | Live attenuated vaccine BCG; recommended at birth or at first contact with health services in areas of high incidence | clinic district hospital | Primary prevention Population-oriented medical intervention | Children | 68 | 55-82 | -- | -- | 5 | 68 | 1.832508913 | 14.70588235 | 1.167491087 | |||||||||
31 | Zinc deficiency | Supplements with oral rehydration salts | Personal | Provision of zinc as an adjunct to oral rehydration salts in treating diarrhea in young children | clinic district hospital | Primary prevention | Children under 5 | 73 | -- | -- | -- | 3 | 73 | 1.86332286 | 13.69863014 | 1.13667714 | |||||||||
32 | Stroke (recurrent) | Aspirin and dipyridamole | Personal | Daily aspirin dose or combination of aspirin and extended release dipyridamole | clinic district hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults over 15 | 81 | 70-93 | 1.77 | 14.29 | 5 | 81 | 1.908485019 | 12.34567901 | 1.091514981 | |||||||||
33 | HIV/AIDS | Condom promotion and distribution | Population-Based | Targeted distribution and placement of condoms in locations such as bars or brothels; distribution linked to voluntary counseling and testing and sexually transmitted infection care to ensure universal access; information education and communication including education through literature classroom and clinical settings and radio newspapers and television | community clinic | Personal behavior change | Adolescents and adults | 82 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 52-112 (SubSaharan Africa) | -- | -- | 1 (SubSaharan Africa) | 82 | 1.913813852 | 12.19512195 | 1.086186148 | |||||||||
34 | HIV/AIDS | Blood and needle safety | Population-Based | Screening of all blood for transfusions; sterilization for all injections; harm reduction for injecting drug users including needle exchange and drug substitution programs | community clinic referral hospital district hospital | Population-oriented medical intervention | All ages | 84 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 7-161 (SubSaharan Africa) | -- | -- | 2 (SubSaharan Africa) | 84 | 1.924279286 | 11.9047619 | 1.075720714 | |||||||||
35 | Maternal mortality | Improved quality of care and coverage | Personal | Improvements to quality of prenatal and delivery care and increase in the proportion of women receiving needed care; enhanced package including availability of doctor and full range of basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care (all six essential obstetric functions noted above); optional nutritional supplementation | clinic | Primary prevention acute management | Pregnant women | 152 (South Asia) 86 (SubSaharan Africa) | 138-167 (South Asia) 85-86 (SubSaharan Africa) | 23.51 (South Asia) 56.93 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 60.29 (South Asia) 164.14 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 5 (South Asia) 5 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 86 | 1.934498451 | 11.62790698 | 1.065501549 | |||||||||
36 | Maternal mortality | Improved quality of comprehensive emergency obstetric care | Personal | Increased percentage of women with severe complications receiving comprehensive emergency obstetric care | clinic district hospital | Acute management | Pregnant women | 127 (South Asia) 87 (SubSaharan Africa) | -- | 13.28 (South Asia) 28.28 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 32.00 (South Asia) 78.00 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 5 (South Asia) 5 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 87 | 1.939519253 | 11.49425287 | 1.060480747 | |||||||||
37 | Maternal mortality | Increased primary care coverage | Personal | Increased percentage of women accessing routine prenatal intranatal and postnatal care | clinic district hospital | Primary prevention | Pregnant women | 132 (South Asia) 88 (SubSaharan Africa) | -- | 13.09 (South Asia) 27.88 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 32.00 (South Asia) 77.00 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 5 (South Asia) 5 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 88 | 1.944482672 | 11.36363636 | 1.055517328 | |||||||||
38 | Epilepsy | First-line treatment with phenobarbital | Personal | First line treatment with phenobarbital to treat epilepsy patients | district hospital | Secondary prevention | All ages | 89 | -- | 2.99 | 3.32 | 5 | 89 | 1.949390007 | 11.23595506 | 1.050609993 | |||||||||
39 | Tuberculosis (epidemic infectious) | Directly observed short-course chemotherapy | Personal | Short-course chemotherapy of infectious TB (allowing for transmission non-HIV positive) carried out for epidemic TB | clinic | Primary prevention cure | Adults over 15 | 102 | 15-189 | -- | -- | 5 | 102 | 2.008600172 | 9.803921569 | 0.9913998282 | |||||||||
40 | Unwanted pregnancy | Family-planning programs | Personal | Intrauterine devices voluntary sterilization condoms and other barrier methods implants and oral contraceptives | clinic | Primary prevention | Women of childbearing age | 117 | -- | -- | -- | 3 | 117 | 2.068185862 | 8.547008547 | 0.9318141383 | |||||||||
41 | Emergency medical care | Staffed community ambulance | Population-Based | Introduction or promotion of training programs for emergency responders and ambulance drivers in urban or rural settings for countries that lack ambulances and training programs | policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | 120 | 60-179 | 34.84 | 140 | 5 | 120 | 2.079181246 | 8.333333333 | 0.920818754 | |||||||||
42 | HIV/AIDS | Tuberculosis coinfection prevention and treatment | Personal | Preventive therapy short-course chemotherapy or co-trimoxazole prophylaxis | clinic | Primary prevention cure | All ages | 121 (SubSaharan Africa) | 6-235 (SubSaharan Africa) | -- | -- | 2 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 121 | 2.08278537 | 8.26446281 | 0.9172146297 | |||||||||
43 | Lower acute respiratory infections (nonsevere) | Case management at community or facility level | Personal | Nonsevere infection diagnosed by breath rate and treated by a community health worker or at a health facility with amoxicillin acetaminophen and possibly salbutamol | clinic community | Cure | Children under 5 | 129 | 50-208 | 5.15 | 17.36 | 5 | 129 | 2.11058971 | 7.751937984 | 0.8894102897 | |||||||||
44 | Problems requiring surgery | Surgical ward or services in district hospital or community clinic | Population-Based | Surgical ward in a district hospital or community clinic to provide care for a wide range of conditions such as trauma childbirth and abdominal conditions | district hospital clinic | Instrument of policy | All ages | 136 | 54-217 | -- | -- | 5 | 136 | 2.133538908 | 7.352941176 | 0.8664610916 | |||||||||
45 | Diarrheal disease | Construction and promotion of basic sanitation where facilities are limited | Population-Based | Construction of low-cost excreta disposal facilities such as household pit latrines ventilationimproved latrines or pour-flush toilets combined with public promotion of sanitation and hygiene | policy level community | Instrument of policy control of environmental hazards | All ages | 141 | 11-270 | -- | -- | 1 | 141 | 2.149219113 | 7.092198582 | 0.8507808873 | |||||||||
46 | Maternal mortality | Improved overall quality of care | Personal | Improvements to quality of prenatal and delivery care; enhanced package including availability of doctor and full range of basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care (all six essential obstetric functions: administering antibiotics intravenously or intramuscularly administering oxytocics intravenously or intramuscularly manually removing the placenta administering anticonvulsants intravenously or intramuscularly carrying out instrumental delivery and removing retained products of conception; optional nutritional supplementation | clinic | Primary prevention acute management | Pregnant women | 147 (South Asia) 83 (SubSaharan Africa) | 133-160 (South Asia) 82-85 (SubSaharan Africa) | 21.90 (South Asia) 53.05 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 56.20 (South Asia) 153.20 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 5 (South Asia) 5 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 147 | 2.167317335 | 6.802721088 | 0.8326826653 | |||||||||
47 | Stroke (ischemic) | Aspirin | Personal | Aspirin dose within 48 hours of onset of acute stroke | clinic district hospital | Acute management | Adults over 15 | 149 | -- | 1.62 | 0.12 | 5 | 149 | 2.173186268 | 6.711409396 | 0.8268137316 | |||||||||
48 | Congestive heart failure | ACE inhibitor and beta-blocker with diuretics | Personal | Use of ACE inhibitor and an optional beta-blocker (metoprolol) incremental to diuretics | district hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults | 150 | 27-274 | 11.59 | -- | 5 | 150 | 2.176091259 | 6.666666667 | 0.8239087409 | |||||||||
49 | HIV/AIDS | Treatment of opportunistic infections | Personal | Opportunistic infection prophylaxis; necessary for patients without access to antiretroviral treatment for immunosuppressed patients waiting for antiretroviral treatment to take effect for patients who refuse or cannot take antiretroviral treatment for patients for whom antiretroviral treatment fails and for groups of patients who are unable to recover sufficient CD4 cells despite good inhibition of viral replication | clinic district hospital | Primary prevention cure | All ages | 156 | 3-310 | -- | -- | 3 | 156 | 2.193124598 | 6.41025641 | 0.8068754016 | |||||||||
50 | Diarrheal disease | Hand pump standpost or house connection where clean water supply is limited | Population-Based | Installation of hand water pump standpost or house connection where clean water supply is limited and associated infrastructure currently do not exist | community | Control of environmental hazards | All ages | 159 | -- | -- | -- | 1 | 159 | 2.201397124 | 6.289308176 | 0.7986028757 | |||||||||
51 | Lymphatic filariasis | Vector control | Population-Based | Integrated vector control to reduce overall prevalence of microfilaria parasites such as polystyrene beads in vector (mosquito) breeding habitats | policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | 160 (South Asia) | 43-277 (South Asia) | -- | -- | 4 (South Asia) | 160 | 2.204119983 | 6.25 | 0.7958800173 | |||||||||
52 | Cataract | Extracapsular surgery | Personal | Extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens; removal of the lens and the front portion of the capsule which are then replaced with an artificial lens | district hospital referral hospital | Cure | Adults over 40 | 183 | -- | -- | -- | 3 | 183 | 2.26245109 | 5.464480874 | 0.7375489103 | |||||||||
53 | HIV/AIDS | Mother-to-child transmission prevention | Personal | All pregnant women offered screening to prevent mother-tochild transmission; administration of a short-course of AZT lamivudine or nevirapine to mothers prepartum and intrapartum and to newborns postpartum to reduce the risk of motherto-child transmission; also includes breastfeeding advice | clinic | Primary prevention | Mothers and infants | 192 | 7-377 | -- | -- | 2 | 192 | 2.283301229 | 5.208333333 | 0.7166987713 | |||||||||
54 | Tuberculosis (epidemic latent) | Isoniazid treatment | Personal | Isoniazid treatment of latent infection (x-ray exclusion of active cases; non-HIV-positive population) is conducted for epidemic tuberculosis | district hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults over 15 | 197 | 45-348 | -- | -- | 5 | 197 | 2.294466226 | 5.076142132 | 0.7055337738 | |||||||||
55 | Tuberculosis (epidemic) | Management of drug resistance | Personal | Management of drug resistance (standard regimen) for epidemic TB conducted via introduction of resistance testing second-line drugs longer treatment regimen (12-18 months) and rigorous bacteriological and clinical monitoring | district hospital | Secondary prevention cure | Adults over 15 | 207 | 201-212 | -- | -- | 5 | 207 | 2.315970345 | 4.830917874 | 0.6840296545 | |||||||||
56 | Undernutrition and malnutrition | Sustained child health and nutrition program | Population-Based | Possible inclusion of prenatal care women’s health and nutrition breastfeeding promotion and counseling complementary feeding growth monitoring and promotion micronutrient supplementation micronutrient fortification supplementary feeding using local supplies oral rehydration and immunization and deworming; actual mix depends on local capabilities and conditions | community clinic | Population-oriented medical intervention | Children under 5 | 225 | -- | -- | -- | 3 | 225 | 2.352182518 | 4.444444444 | 0.6478174819 | |||||||||
57 | Chagas disease | Vector control | Population-Based | Vector control activities including spraying combined with housing improvement community involvement in surveillance and strong programs of health education | community | Control of environmental hazards | All ages | 284 (Latin America and the Caribbean) | -- | -- | -- | 1 (Latin America and the Caribbean) | 284 | 2.45331834 | 3.521126761 | 0.54668166 | |||||||||
58 | Tuberculosis (endemic infectious or noninfectious) | Directly observed short-course chemotherapy | Personal | Short-course chemotherapy of infectious or noninfectious tuberculosis (with or without transmission non-HIV-positive) diagnosed via directly observed treatment strategy | clinic | Primary prevention cure | Adults over 15 | 301 | 84-551 | -- | -- | 5 | 301 | 2.478566496 | 3.322259136 | 0.5214335044 | |||||||||
59 | Tuberculosis (endemic) | Management of drug resistance | Personal | Introduction of resistance testing second-line drugs longer treatment regimen (12-18 months) and rigorous bacteriological and clinical monitoring; standardized or individualized regimen | district hospital | Secondary prevention cure | Adults over 15 | 318 | 208-429 | -- | -- | 5 | 318 | 2.50242712 | 3.144654088 | 0.49757288 | |||||||||
60 | Neonatal mortality | Family community or clinical neonatal package | Personal | Healthy home care practices including exclusive breastfeeding warmth protection clean cord care care seeking for emergencies; if birth outside a facility then clean delivery kit | clinic community home | Primary prevention | Mothers and infants | 349 (South Asia) 345 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 305-394 (South Asia) 338-351 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | -- | -- | 4 (South Asia) 5 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 345 | 2.537819095 | 2.898550725 | 0.4621809049 | |||||||||
61 | Tobacco addiction | Nonprice interventions | Population-Based | Advertising bans on television radio and billboards; health information and advertising in the form of health warning labels on tobacco products; interventions to reduce tobacco supply such as smuggling control; restrictions on smoking | policy level | Instrument of policy | Adolescents and adults | 353 | -- | -- | -- | 5 | 353 | 2.547774705 | 2.83286119 | 0.4522252946 | |||||||||
62 | Tobacco addiction | Nicotine replacement therapy | Personal | Smoking cessation treatments in the form of nicotine replacement therapy | clinic | Primary prevention | Adults | 396 | -- | 37.14 | 452.05 | 5 | 396 | 2.597695186 | 2.525252525 | 0.4023048141 | |||||||||
63 | Lower acute respiratory infections | Casemanagement package at community facility and hospital levels | Personal | Comprehensive case-management strategy covering nonsevere infection being treated by a community health worker or at a health facility severe infection treated at a hospital and very severe infection treated at a hospital | clinic district hospital | Cure | Children under 5 | 398 | -- | 11.26 | 37.86 | 5 | 398 | 2.599883072 | 2.512562814 | 0.4001169279 | |||||||||
64 | Alcohol abuse | Advertising ban and reduced access to beverage retail | Population-Based | Reduced access to alcoholic beverage retail outlets by reducing the hours of sale or advertising bans on television radio and billboards | policy level | Instrument of policy | Adolescents and adults | 404 | 367-441 | 0.44 | -- | 5 | 404 | 2.606381365 | 2.475247525 | 0.3936186349 | |||||||||
65 | Myocardial infarction and stroke | Polypill | Personal | Combination treatment with aspirin beta-blocker thiazide diuretic ACE inhibitor and statin based on 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease | district hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults | 409 | -- | -- | -- | 5 | 409 | 2.611723308 | 2.444987775 | 0.388276692 | |||||||||
66 | Dengue | Improved case management | Personal | No specific treatment: early recognition of symptoms such as intense continuous abdominal pain persistent vomiting restlessness or lethargy; supportive treatment includes fluid replacement and electrolytic therapy | clinic district hospital | Acute management | All ages | 587 | -- | -- | -- | 2 | 587 | 2.768638101 | 1.703577513 | 0.2313618988 | |||||||||
67 | Alcohol abuse | Excise tax advertising ban with brief advice | Population-Based | 50 percent increase in the current excise tax rate on alcoholic beverages combined with advice education sessions and psychosocial counseling; possible inclusion of random driver breath testing and advertising bans | policy level | Instrument of policy | Adolescents and adults | 631 | 601-661 | 2.85 | -- | 5 | 631 | 2.800029359 | 1.584786054 | 0.1999706408 | |||||||||
68 | Alcohol abuse | Brief advice to heavy drinkers by primary health care providers | Personal | During primary health care visits provision of advice by physicians through education sessions and psychosocial counseling | clinic | Primary prevention | Adolescents and adults | 642 | -- | 1.75 | -- | 5 | 642 | 2.807535028 | 1.557632399 | 0.1924649719 | |||||||||
69 | Myocardial infarction | Streptokinase with aspirin and beta-blocker | Personal | Incremental use of streptokinase in addition to aspirin and beta-blocker (atenolol) | district hospital referral hospital | Acute management | Adults | 671 | -- | 1.04 | -- | 5 | 671 | 2.82672252 | 1.490312966 | 0.1732774798 | |||||||||
70 | HIV/AIDS | Home care | Personal | Home visits providing basic care to sick AIDS patients or comprehensive schemes that provide palliative care nutrition psychosocial support and counseling and links to primary and secondary health care | home | Secondary prevention palliation | All ages | 673 (SubSaharan Africa) | -- | -- | -- | 2 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 673 | 2.828015064 | 1.485884101 | 0.1719849358 | |||||||||
71 | Ischemic heart disease | Aspirin betablocker and optional ACE inhibitor | Personal | Aspirin plus beta-blocker (atenolol) with optional ACE inhibitor (enalapril) with or without hospital availability | district hospital referral hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults | 688 | 451-926 | 8.4 | -- | 5 | 688 | 2.837588438 | 1.453488372 | 0.1624115618 | |||||||||
72 | Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) | Vaccine containing Hib | Population-Based | Hib vaccination (three or four doses) given concurrently with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus | clinic | Population-oriented medical intervention | Infants and children | 733d | -- | 29.25 | 113.83 | 5 | 733 | 2.865103975 | 1.36425648 | 0.1348960254 | |||||||||
73 | Panic disorder | Drugs with optional psychosocial treatment | Personal | Anxiolytic drugs (benzodiazepine) tricyclic antidepressants or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used with or without psychosocial treatment | district hospital referral hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults over 15 | 734 | 384-1084 | 0.83 | -- | 5 | 734 | 2.86569606 | 1.36239782 | 0.1343039401 | |||||||||
74 | Neonatal mortality | Combined maternal and child health with neonatal packages | Personal | Family planning prenatal care and comprehensive obstetric care packages as well as healthy home care practices including exclusive breastfeeding warmth protection clean cord care care seeking for emergencies; if birth outside a facility then clean delivery kit | clinic community home | Primary prevention | Mothers and infants | 839 (South Asia) 789 (SubSaharan Africa) | -- | -- | -- | 4 (South Asia) 5 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 789 | 2.897077003 | 1.267427123 | 0.1029229968 | |||||||||
75 | Coronary artery disease | Legislation substituting 2% of trans fat with polyunsaturated fat at $6 per adult | Population-Based | Legislation replacing 2% of dietary trans fat from partial hydrogenation in manufactured foods with polyunsaturated fat at a cost of $6 per adult and assuming a 7-40% reduction in coronary artery disease | policy level | Instrument of policy | Adults | 838 | 199-1478 | -- | -- | 5 | 838 | 2.923244019 | 1.193317422 | 0.07675598137 | |||||||||
76 | HIV/AIDS | Antiretroviral therapy | Personal | Combination therapy with multiple antiretroviral drugs associated with prolonged survival in treated patients | clinic | Primary prevention | All ages | 922 (SubSaharan Africa) | 350-1494 (SubSaharan Africa) | -- | -- | 3 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 922 | 2.964730921 | 1.084598698 | 0.03526907895 | |||||||||
77 | Neonatal mortality | Maternal and child health package with no neonatal care after birth | Personal | Mother and child health package that includes family planning prenatal care and comprehensive obstetric care | clinic district hospital | Primary prevention | Mothers and infants | 1060 (South Asia) 924 (SubSaharan Africa) | -- | -- | -- | 4 (South Asia) 5 (Sub-Saharan Africa) | 924 | 2.965671971 | 1.082251082 | 0.03432802878 | |||||||||
78 | Diarrheal disease | Breastfeeding promotion | Population-Based | Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding (recommended for six months) to new mothers in which no other food or drink including water is permitted except for supplements of vitamins and minerals and necessary medicines | community clinic district hospital | Personal behavior change | Adult women | 930 | -- | 0.43 | 1.33 | 5 | 930 | 2.968482949 | 1.075268817 | 0.03151705145 | |||||||||
79 | Diarrheal disease | Oral rehydration therapy for package costing $5.50 per episode | Personal | Case management of acute diarrheal infection with oral rehydration salt solutions for package costing $5.50 per child per episode | clinic | Acute management | Children | 1062 | -- | 16.57 | 58.2 | 5 | 1062 | 3.026124517 | 0.9416195857 | -0.02612451675 | |||||||||
80 | Parkinson’s disease | Ayurvedic treatment and levodopa or carbidopa | Personal | Levodopa (l-dopa) carbidopa or ayurvedic therapy for partial relief of symptoms | district hospital referral hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults over 45 | 1132 | 752-1512 | 0.13 | -- | 5 | 1132 | 3.053846427 | 0.8833922261 | -0.05384642685 | |||||||||
81 | Alcohol abuse | Excise tax | Population-Based | 25 to 50 percent increase in the current excise tax rate on alcoholic beverages | policy level | Instrument of policy | Adolescents and adults | 1377 | 1249-1504 | 0.62 | -- | 5 | 1377 | 3.13893394 | 0.7262164125 | -0.1389339403 | |||||||||
82 | Tetanus | Tetanus toxoid vaccination mix of strategies | Population-Based | Tetanus toxoid vaccination via a mix of strategies depending on local needs including fixed facilities immunization campaigns mobile delivery and community outreach | clinic community | Population-oriented medical intervention | Infants and children | 1411 | -- | -- | -- | 5 | 1411 | 3.149527014 | 0.7087172218 | -0.1495270138 | |||||||||
83 | Dengue | Immunization | Population-Based | Dengue immunization (a vaccine is currently undergoing clinical trials in Southeast Asia) | community clinic district hospital | Population-oriented medical intervention | Children | 1440 | -- | -- | -- | 2 | 1440 | 3.158362492 | 0.6944444444 | -0.1583624921 | |||||||||
84 | Stroke (recurrent) | Carotid endarterectomy | Personal | Carotid endarterectomy surgery to remove harmful plaque from the carotid arteries | referral hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults over 15 | 1458 | -- | 4.93 | 39.82 | 5 | 1458 | 3.163757524 | 0.6858710562 | -0.163757524 | |||||||||
85 | Depression | Drugs with optional episodic or maintenance psychosocial treatment | Personal | Antidepressant drugs (tricyclic antidepressant or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) used alone or in combination with psychosocial treatment for episodic depression or maintenance treatment | district hospital referral hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults over 15 | 1699 | 657-2741 | 3.96 | -- | 5 | 1699 | 3.230193379 | 0.5885815185 | -0.2301933789 | |||||||||
86 | Diabetes ischemic heart disease and stroke | Legislation with public education to reduce salt content | Population-Based | Legislated reduction in salt content of manufactured foods and an accompanying public education campaign | policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | 1937 | -- | 18.73 | -- | 5 | 1937 | 3.287129621 | 0.5162622612 | -0.2871296207 | |||||||||
87 | Stroke (ischemic) | Heparin and recombinant tissue plasminogen activator | Personal | Heparin within 48 hours of onset of stroke or thrombolytic therapy using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator within 3 hours of onset | district hospital | Acute management | Adults over 15 | 1977 | 1278-2675 | 1.22 | 1.7 | 5 | 1977 | 3.296006669 | 0.5058168943 | -0.2960066693 | |||||||||
88 | Ischemic heart disease | Statin with aspirin and betablocker with ACE inhibitor | Personal | Statin (lovastatin) incremental to aspirin beta-blocker (atenolol) and ACE inhibitor (enalapril) with or without hospital availability | district hospital referral hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults | 2028 | 1864-2193 | 3.54 | -- | 5 | 2028 | 3.307067951 | 0.4930966469 | -0.3070679507 | |||||||||
89 | Stroke and ischemic and hypertensive heart disease | Polypill by absolute risk approach | Personal | Combination treatment with aspirin beta-blocker thiazide diuretic ACE inhibitor and statin based on 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease | district hospital referral hospital | Primary prevention | Adults | 2128 | 773-3483 | 61.65 | -- | 5 | 2128 | 3.327971624 | 0.469924812 | -0.3279716236 | |||||||||
90 | Traffic accidents | Enforcement of seatbelt laws promotion of child restraints and random driver breath testing | Population-Based | Mandatory seat belt and childrestraint laws enforcement of drunk-driving laws and random breath testing of drivers | policy level | Instrument of policy | Adults | 2449 | 999-3899 | 0.32 | 93.87 | 5 | 2449 | 3.388988785 | 0.4083299306 | -0.3889887851 | |||||||||
91 | Dengue | Vector control | Population-Based | Chemical vector control using larvicides and insecticide space sprays (including emephos permethrin methoprene pyriproxyfen and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis) to protect drinking water or environmental vector control such as removal of standing water | community district hospital | Control of environmental hazards | All ages | 2566 | 1992-3139 | -- | -- | 2 | 2566 | 3.409256652 | 0.3897116134 | -0.409256652 | |||||||||
92 | Diabetes ischemic heart disease and stroke | Media campaign to reduce saturated fat | Population-Based | Media campaign to reduce saturated fat content in manufactured foods and replacing part of the saturated fat with polyunsaturated fat | policy level | Instrument of policy | All ages | 2617 | -- | 13.86 | -- | 5 | 2617 | 3.417803723 | 0.3821169278 | -0.4178037226 | |||||||||
93 | Diarrheal disease | Cholera or rotavirus immunization | Population-Based | Immunization for endemic cholera with live oral vaccine or rotavirus immunization with rhesus-human rotavirus reassortant-tetravalent vaccine (currently under development) in populations at risk of an outbreak | clinic | Population-oriented medical intervention | Children | 2712 | 2478-2945 | 0.62 | 1.98 | 5 | 2712 | 3.433289685 | 0.3687315634 | -0.4332896852 | |||||||||
94 | Epilepsy (refractory) | Second-line treatment with phenobarbital and lamotrigine or surgery | Personal | Antiepileptic drugs phenobarbital and lamotrigine or a combination of phenobarbital and surgery to treat epilepsy patients unresponsive to phenobarbital | referral hospital | Secondary prevention | All ages | 3027 | 2994-3060 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 5 | 3027 | 3.481012421 | 0.3303600925 | -0.481012421 | |||||||||
95 | Bipolar disorder | Lithium valproate with optional psy-chosocial treatment community-based | Personal | Episodic treatment of bipolar disorder in a community setting using lithium or valproate with or without maintenance or episodic psychosocial treatment | district hospital referral hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults over 15 | 3113 | 2498-3728 | 1.35 | -- | 5 | 3113 | 3.493179121 | 0.3212335368 | -0.4931791207 | |||||||||
96 | Diarrheal disease | Improved water and sanitation at current coverage of amenities and other interventions | Population-Based | Improved water supply and excreta disposal where established infrastructure currently exists in urban or rural settings for at least five years | community | Control of environmental hazards | All ages | 4185 | 1974-639 | 3.52 | 315.3 | 5 | 4185 | 3.621695462 | 0.238948626 | -0.6216954623 | |||||||||
97 | Bipolar disorder | Lithium valproate with optional psychosocial treatment hospital-based | Personal | Episodic treatment in a hospital setting with lithium or valproate with or without maintenance or episodic psychosocial treatment | district hospital referral hospital | Secondary prevention | Adults over 15 | 4417 | 3590-5244 | 1 | -- | 5 | 4417 | 3.645127399 | 0.2263980077 | -0.6451273993 | |||||||||
98 | Lower acute respiratory infections (severe and very severe) | Case management at hospital level | Personal | Severe or very severe infection diagnosed by breath rate and with x-ray tests and treated at a hospital with antibiotics and possibly salbutamol oxygen and prednisolone | district hospital | Cure | Children under 5 | 4530 | 2916-6144 | 0.48 | 1.57 | 5 | 4530 | 3.656098202 | 0.2207505519 | -0.656098202 | |||||||||
99 | Trachoma | Tetracycline or azithromycin | Personal | Tetracycline or azithromycin to treat the initial trachoma infection through either mass treatment of all children younger than 10 or through targeted treatment of infected children and household members | clinic | Primary prevention | Children and adults | 6269 | 3752-8785 | -- | -- | 3 | 6269 | 3.79719827 | 0.1595150742 | -0.7971982698 | |||||||||
100 | Schizophrenia | Antipsychotic drugs with optional psychosocial treatment communitybased | Personal | Maintenance treatment in a community-based setting with antipsychotic drugs neuroleptic antipsychotic drug or an atypical antipsychotic drug with or without psychosocial treatment | community | Secondary prevention | Adults over 15 | 9834 | 2472-17197 | 0.7 | -- | 5 | 9834 | 3.992730204 | 0.1016880212 | -0.992730204 |