| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Pre-2020 | Finance | Adaptation | Cycles | MRV | Loss and damage | Review | Differentiation | Temperature goal | Long term goal | Markets | Legal form | ||
2 | Africa Group | 31 Aug 2015 "Must move from deliberation to action and implementation" | 31 Aug 2015 Important to scale up beyond 2020 — a deal in Paris is "impossible without clarity on this matter". | 1 June 2015 Deal should include a "global goal for adaptation that enhances the implementation of adaptation commitments under the Convention, and recognises adaptation investments by developing countries, adaptation needs and costs including adequacy of support from developed countries". | 21 Sept 2015 Supports a "transparency framework, applicable to all Parties and differentiated between developed country Parties and developing country Parties". | 31 Aug 2015 Loss and damage is "very critical to the core agreement" | 10 June 2015 "The core agreement should further contain provisions to set-up international processes and conduct in respect of consideration, assessment, review and promote compliance of Party obligations in a differentiated manner." | 31 Aug 2015 Temperature rise should be "well below 1.5C" by the end of the century. | ||||||
3 | AILAC | 31 Aug 2015 Supports "a long‐term qualitative goal on finance". | 31 Aug 2015 Supports a "global adaptation goal". All parties should make successive commitments. | 19 Oct 2015 Supports "short term, successive commitment cycles", specifically five years for mitigation NDCs. This is the best way of "triggering countries to frequently revisit and enhance their ambition". | 19 Oct 2015 "Basic accounting rules for mitigation NDCs must also be included". Also supports "effective, robust transparency system" to track progress on financial support. | 19 Oct 2015 "Loss and Damage must be adequately recognized and reflected in the agreement, including various institutional arrangements necessary to fully address the gravity of the issue." | 24 Sept 2014 "when each contribution period has lapsed, the same process takes place: nationally defined contributions, ex-ante assessment process, inscription in the Repository of country contribution documents, and ex post review." | 19 Oct 2015 Supports net zero emissions by the end of the century. | 24 Sept 2014 "the contributions would be inscribed in individual country contribution documents, to which the Agreement will make an explicit reference stating that each country commits to implement what the country itself has set forth in its individual country contribution document. As a consequence, each ratifying country is legally bound to implement what it includes in its contribution document" | |||||
4 | AOSIS | 31 Aug 2015 "It must be about implementation." | 19 Oct 2015 $100bn pledge must "form the floor for financial support going forward". Adaptation support must be "primarily grant-based". | 1 Dec 2014 "The 2015 agreement should take into account SIDS’ national circumstances, including their adaptive capacity constraints". National adaptation actions "must be country driven". | 19 Oct 2015 Agreement must include legally binding mitigation commitments that "increase global ambition over successive commitment cycles". | 19 Oct 2015 Should be a separate Article, "populated with appropriate language that does not look to voluntary support or humanitarian assistance as an answer". | 31 Aug 2015 Agreement must limit temperature rise to "well below 1.5C". | 19 Oct 2015 Agreement "must establish medium and long-term emission reduction pathways that are capable of delivering a limitation of temperature increases consistent with this strengthened below 1.5 degree goal." | ||||||
5 | BASIC | 19 Oct 2015 Supports shift from identification of mitigation policy options to identification and development of instruments that support implementation of such policies. | 1 June 2015 "BASIC countries also do not support efforts by some Parties to take key issues, such as climate finance, outside the scope of the Convention in an effort to bypass its unique legal character." | 19 Oct 2015 "We believe that ambition and effectiveness will be achieved by maintaining differentiation among developed and developing country Parties in each element of the agreement." | ||||||||||
6 | EIG | 5 June 2014 "The provision of MOI [means of implementation] should be scaled-up, adequate and predictable to effectively support developing countries which need such support in their transition to low-carbon economy and climate resilient society, in particular to assure effective assistance on their enhanced action on mitigation and adaptation." | 23 Oct 2015 All countries should have legal obligation to engage in nationally-determined national adaptation planning. | 23 Oct 2015 "we need a legal obligation by all Parties to regularly communicate nationally determined commitments/contributions." | 23 Oct 2015 "We need a common and robust transparency system that provides flexibility and reflects Parties differentiated capacities." | 5 June 2014 Supports the 2C goal. | 23 Oct 2015 "The Agreement should provide further clarity on internationally transferrable mitigation outcomes." They must have environmental integrity and avoid double counting. | |||||||
7 | EU | 18 Sept 2015 "The EU recognises the urgent need to continue and intensify action to cut greenhouse gas emissions before 2020. It stresses the importance of involving non-State actors (such as businesses, cities and organisations), in particular through the Lima Paris Action Agenda – an initiative of the Peruvian and French COP Presidencies aimed at catalysing multi-stakeholder action." | 18 Sept 2015 "provisions on climate finance need to be dynamic and able to adapt to changing realities and needs by reflecting Parties' evolving capabilities and responsibilities". | 18 Sept 2015 "The EU regards ambitious action to prepare for and respond to the effects of climate change to be a central part of a balanced agreement." | 18 Sept 2015 The Paris deal should "contain a dynamic five-yearly mitigation ambition mechanism in which all Parties should be required to either submit new or updated commitments, without falling behind previous levels of commitment, or resubmit the existing ones". | 18 Sept 2015 "Paris Agreement must provide for a robust common rules-based regime, including transparency and accountability rules applicable to all Parties, while recognising that their application will differ according to commitment types which reflect Parties' capabilities and national circumstances" | 14 Oct 2014 "The EU is confident in the [Warsaw Mechanism] Executive Committee's efforts to implement its workplan, which once adopted will facilitate adequate and timely responses to reduce the risks of and address loss and damage." | 14 Oct 2014 "The 2015 Agreement needs to include a common and regular process for reviewing and strengthening mitigation ambition to ensure that we collectively stay on track for below 2˚C and that individual commitments are fair and ambitious." | 14 Oct 2014 "National circumstances have substantially changed in the past few decades and are likely to do so in the future - a durable 2015 Agreement needs to take this into account. All Parties should have legally binding mitigation commitments in the 2015 Agreement, but they will not be the same in level of ambition, and commitment types will differ." | 31 Aug 2015 Deal must be "compatible with the below 2C objective". | 18 Sept 2015 "Global greenhouse gas emissions need to peak by 2020 at the latest, be reduced by at least by 50% by 2050 compared to 1990 and be near zero or below by 2100." | 18 Sept 2015 The Paris deal should "allow for the international use of markets, subject to the application of robust common accounting rules". | 18 Sept 2015 The Paris deal should "be in the form of a protocol in order to enshrine the strongest expression of political will and provide predictability and durability". | |
8 | G77+China | 31 Aug 2015 "Developed countries must take the lead" to honour, accelerate implementation, and increase the ambition of the their existing pre-2020 commitments. | 21 Oct 2015 "It is not appropriate to turn this into an exercise to shift the burden to the private sector, no matter how crucial we all agree the role of the private sector is in generating financing and action on the ground." | 1 June 2015 "Adaptation is an important and urgent priority for the Group of 77 and China. We therefore call for the urgent and immediate implementation the NAPs process, but are particularly concerned about the lack of adequate funding for this process." | 5 June 2015 "Any attempts to redefine, rewrite, renegotiate or reinterpret the Convention and its principles and 3 provisions that would result in a watering down or weakening of the Convention will not be acceptable." | 1 June 2015 Has been open to discussing "new market mechanism and non-market-based approaches in a balanced manner". | ||||||||
9 | LDCs | 1 June 2015 "We are looking forward the adoption and the launching of initiatives that will effectively result in enhancing mitigation by 2020 with the view to close the mitigation gap." | 21 Oct 2014 "all Parties, in a position to do so are encouraged to provide financial support for the implementation of this agreement. LDCs are exempt from the above provision." | 21 Oct 2014 "actions by developing country Parties, particularly the most vulnerable such as LDCs, SIDS and countries in Africa shall be contingent on adequate and measurable finance, technology and capacity building support" | 21 Oct 2014 "The period of commitment shall be 5 years and shall continue on a 5 year basis until the year 2040, whereupon a review shall be taken" | 21 Oct 2014 "Annex A Parties shall produce biennial reports and be subject to international assessment and review...Annex B Parties shall produce biennial update reports and shall be subject to the modalities and procedures for international consultation and analysis." | 21 Oct 2014 "The Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage and related institutions shall operate under this agreement once it enters into force" | 1 June 2015 "Warming needs to be kept to below 1.5°C degrees." | 21 Oct 2014 "The Conference of Parties may, at a later date, consider whether or not national emissions trading schemes established by Annex A Parties could be linked by an international emissions trading scheme" | |||||
10 | LMDCs | 31 Aug 2015 "The workplan on pre-2020 ambition should deal with the accelerated implementation process and technical examination process in a holistic and balanced manner." | 8 March 2014 Developed countries should provide "public climate financing commitment of USD70 billion per year by 2016 rising to USD100 billion per year by 2020 as a floor of accounting, and leading to further increased commitments on the provision of financial support for the post-2020 period." Burden should fall on developed countries only. | 8 March 2014 There is "need of a provision to reflect enhanced national and international actions on adaptation including economic diversification to build resilience taking into account the urgent and immediate needs of developing countries that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, response measures and international trade." | 8 March 2014 "Enhancing transparency of the implementation of Annex I Parties’ mitigation commitments should be on the basis of enhanced procedures for comparability...Provisions on the MRV of support provided by developed country Parties to developing countries should be an integral part of the 2015 agreed outcome." | 8 March 2014 Should be "additional to but separate from adaptation-related provisions" and "there should be a provision that incorporates the Loss and Damage mechanism established at COP19 into the 2015 agreed outcome". | 2 June 2015 "ex ante review (whether or not in the guise of an INDC workshop) may not be made part of the work of the ADP in the run-up to Paris as they only make it more difficult to achieve trust and build confidence in this process." | 31 Aug 2015 "The concepts or approaches such as 'evolving CBDR', 'Parties in a position to do so', 'single transparency system' or 'mitigation-centric cycle' are not consistent with the principles of the Convention and are not acceptable. Therefore these concepts must be removed from the text." | 8 March 2014 "All elements of the 2015 agreed outcome should have the same legal nature, consistent with any other related legal instruments that the COP has adopted" | |||||
11 | Umbrella Group | 19 Oct 2015 "There is still work to be done in workstream 2 on improving the technical examination process and how best to improve engagement with relevant Convention bodies and non-state actors." | Supports a "goal of achieving a reduction of global emissions of at least 50 per cent by 2050." |