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1 | Table 5-3b. Strength properties of some commercially important woods grown in the United States (inch-pound)(a) from Wood Handbook (by DE Kretschmann), Chapter 5: Mechanical Properties of Wood | |||||||||||||||
2 | Common species names | Static bending | ||||||||||||||
3 | Class | Type | Subtype | Moisture content | Specific gravity(b) | Modulus of rupture (lbf in-2) | Modulus of elasticity(c)(10^6 lbf in-2) | Work to maximum load (in-lbf in-3) | Impact bending (in.) | Compression parallel to grain (lbf in-2) | Compression perpendicular to grain (lbf in-2) | Shear parallel to grain (lbf in-2) | Tension perpendicular to grain (lbf in-2) | Side hardness (lbf) | MOR/MOE | |
4 | Hardwoods | Hackberry | 12% | 0.53 | 11000 | 1.19 | 12.8 | 43 | 5440 | 890 | 1590 | 580 | 8805-10 | 9.243697479 | ||
5 | Hardwoods | Tanoak | 12% | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | #VALUE! | ||
6 | Softwoods | Cedar | Eastern, red | 12% | 0.47 | 8800 | 0.88 | 8.3 | 22 | 6020 | 920 | - | - | - | 10 | |
7 | Hardwoods | Ash | Blue | 12% | 0.58 | 13800 | 1.4 | 14.4 | - | 6980 | 1420 | 2030 | - | - | 9.857142857 | |
8 | Hardwoods | Hickory, pecan | Nutmeg | 12% | 0.6 | 16600 | 1.7 | 25.1 | - | 6910 | 1570 | - | - | - | 9.764705882 | |
9 | Hardwoods | Hickory, pecan | Bitternut | 12% | 0.66 | 17100 | 1.79 | 18.2 | 66 | 9040 | 1680 | - | - | - | 9.553072626 | |
10 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Live | 12% | 0.88 | 18400 | 1.98 | 18.9 | - | 8900 | 2840 | 2660 | - | - | 9.292929293 | |
11 | Hardwoods | Hickory, pecan | Water | 12% | 0.62 | 17800 | 2.02 | 19.3 | 53 | 8600 | 1550 | - | - | - | 8.811881188 | |
12 | Softwoods | Pine | Slash | 12% | 0.59 | 16300 | 1.98 | 13.2 | - | 8140 | 1020 | 1680 | - | - | 8.232323232 | |
13 | Softwoods | Pine | Sand | 12% | 0.48 | 11600 | 1.41 | 9.6 | - | 6920 | 836 | - | - | - | 8.226950355 | |
14 | Hardwoods | Sassafras | 12% | 0.46 | 9000 | 1.12 | 8.7 | - | 4760 | 850 | 1240 | - | - | 8.035714286 | ||
15 | Hardwoods | Ash | Blue | Green | 0.53 | 9600 | 1.24 | 14.7 | - | 4180 | 810 | 1540 | - | - | 7.741935484 | |
16 | Hardwoods | Willow | Black | 12% | 0.39 | 7800 | 1.01 | 8.8 | - | 4100 | 430 | 1250 | - | - | 7.722772277 | |
17 | Softwoods | Pine | Pitch | 12% | 0.52 | 10800 | 1.43 | 9.2 | - | 5940 | 820 | 1360 | - | - | 7.552447552 | |
18 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Live | Green | 0.8 | 11900 | 1.58 | 12.3 | - | 5430 | 2040 | 2210 | - | - | 7.53164557 | |
19 | Hardwoods | Hickory, pecan | Bitternut | Green | 0.6 | 10300 | 1.4 | 20 | 66 | 4570 | 800 | 1240 | - | - | 7.357142857 | |
20 | Softwoods | Pine | Sand | Green | 0.46 | 7500 | 1.02 | 9.6 | - | 3440 | 450 | 1140 | - | - | 7.352941176 | |
21 | Hardwoods | Hickory, pecan | Nutmeg | Green | 0.56 | 9100 | 1.29 | 22.8 | 54 | 3980 | 760 | 1030 | - | - | 7.054263566 | |
22 | Hardwoods | Hickory, pecan | Water | Green | 0.61 | 10700 | 1.56 | 18.8 | 56 | 4660 | 880 | 1440 | - | - | 6.858974359 | |
23 | Hardwoods | Tanoak | Green | 0.58 | 10500 | 1.55 | 13.4 | - | 4650 | - | - | - | - | 6.774193548 | ||
24 | Softwoods | Pine | Pond | 12% | 0.56 | 11600 | 1.75 | 8.6 | - | 7540 | 910 | 1380 | - | - | 6.628571429 | |
25 | Hardwoods | Sassafras | Green | 0.42 | 6000 | 0.91 | 7.1 | - | 2730 | 370 | 950 | - | - | 6.593406593 | ||
26 | Hardwoods | Aspen | Bigtooth | 12% | 0.39 | 9100 | 1.43 | 7.7 | - | 5300 | 450 | 1080 | - | - | 6.363636364 | |
27 | Hardwoods | Cottonwood | Balsam poplar | 12% | 0.34 | 6800 | 1.1 | 5 | - | 4020 | 300 | 790 | - | - | 6.181818182 | |
28 | Hardwoods | Willow | Black | Green | 0.36 | 4800 | 0.79 | 11 | - | 2040 | 180 | 680 | - | - | 6.075949367 | |
29 | Softwoods | Pine | Pond | Green | 0.51 | 7400 | 1.28 | 7.5 | - | 3660 | 440 | 940 | - | - | 5.78125 | |
30 | Softwoods | Pine | Slash | Green | 0.54 | 8700 | 1.53 | 9.6 | - | 3820 | 530 | 960 | - | - | 5.68627451 | |
31 | Softwoods | Pine | Pitch | Green | 0.47 | 6800 | 1.2 | 9.2 | - | 2950 | 360 | 860 | - | - | 5.666666667 | |
32 | Hardwoods | Cottonwood | Balsam poplar | Green | 0.31 | 3900 | 0.75 | 4.2 | - | 1690 | 140 | 500 | - | - | 5.2 | |
33 | Hardwoods | Aspen | Bigtooth | Green | 0.36 | 5400 | 1.12 | 5.7 | - | 2500 | 210 | 730 | - | - | 4.821428571 | |
34 | Hardwoods | Hickory, true(d) | Pignut | 12% | 0.75 | 20100 | 2.26 | 30.4 | 74 | 9190 | 1980 | 2150 | - | 2140 | 8.89380531 | |
35 | Hardwoods | Hickory, true(d) | Mockernut | 12% | 0.72 | 19200 | 2.22 | 22.6 | 77 | 8940 | 1730 | 1740 | - | 1970 | 8.648648649 | |
36 | Hardwoods | Hickory, true(d) | Shagbark | 12% | 0.72 | 20200 | 2.16 | 25.8 | 67 | 9210 | 1760 | 2430 | - | 1880 | 9.351851852 | |
37 | Hardwoods | Hickory, pecan | Pecan | 12% | 0.66 | 13700 | 1.73 | 13.8 | 44 | 7850 | 1720 | 2080 | - | 1820 | 7.919075145 | |
38 | Hardwoods | Hickory, true(d) | Shellbark | 12% | 0.69 | 18100 | 1.89 | 23.6 | 88 | 8000 | 1800 | 2110 | - | 1810 | 9.576719577 | |
39 | Hardwoods | Black Locust | 12% | 0.69 | 19400 | 2.05 | 18.4 | 57 | 10180 | 1830 | 2480 | 640 | 1700 | 9.463414634 | ||
40 | Hardwoods | Hickory, true(d) | Shellbark | Green | 0.62 | 10500 | 1.34 | 29.9 | 104 | 3920 | 810 | 1190 | - | 1670 | 7.835820896 | |
41 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Swamp, white | 12% | 0.72 | 17700 | 2.05 | 19.2 | 49 | 8600 | 1190 | 2000 | 830 | 1620 | 8.634146341 | |
42 | Hardwoods | Honeylocust | 12% | - | 14700 | 1.63 | 13.3 | 47 | 7500 | 1840 | 2250 | 900 | 1580 | 9.018404908 | ||
43 | Hardwoods | Black Locust | Green | 0.66 | 13800 | 1.85 | 15.4 | 44 | 6800 | 1160 | 1760 | 770 | 1570 | 7.459459459 | ||
44 | Hardwoods | Hickory, true(d) | Pignut | Green | 0.66 | 11700 | 1.65 | 31.7 | 89 | 4810 | 920 | 1370 | - | 1520 | 7.090909091 | |
45 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Pin | 12% | 0.63 | 14000 | 1.73 | 14.8 | 45 | 6820 | 1020 | 2080 | 1050 | 1510 | 8.092485549 | |
46 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Cherrybark | 12% | 0.68 | 18100 | 2.28 | 18.3 | 49 | 8740 | 1250 | 2000 | 840 | 1480 | 7.938596491 | |
47 | Hardwoods | Birch | Sweet | 12% | 0.65 | 16900 | 2.17 | 18 | 47 | 8540 | 1080 | 2240 | 950 | 1470 | 7.788018433 | |
48 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Willow | 12% | 0.69 | 14500 | 1.9 | 14.6 | 42 | 7040 | 1130 | 1650 | - | 1460 | 7.631578947 | |
49 | Hardwoods | Hickory, true(d) | Shagbark | Green | 0.64 | 11000 | 1.57 | 23.7 | 74 | 4580 | 840 | 1520 | - | 1460 | 7.006369427 | |
50 | Hardwoods | Maple | Sugar | 12% | 0.63 | 15800 | 1.83 | 16.5 | 39 | 7830 | 1470 | 2330 | - | 1450 | 8.633879781 | |
51 | Hardwoods | Hickory, true(d) | Mockernut | Green | 0.64 | 11100 | 1.57 | 26.1 | 88 | 4480 | 810 | 1280 | - | 1440 | 7.070063694 | |
52 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Scarlet | 12% | 0.67 | 17400 | 1.91 | 20.5 | 53 | 8330 | 1120 | 1890 | 870 | 1400 | 9.109947644 | |
53 | Hardwoods | Honeylocust | Green | 0.6 | 10200 | 1.29 | 12.6 | 47 | 4420 | 1150 | 1660 | 930 | 1390 | 7.906976744 | ||
54 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Bur | 12% | 0.64 | 10300 | 1.03 | 9.8 | 29 | 6060 | 1200 | 1820 | 680 | 1370 | 10 | |
55 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Post | 12% | 0.67 | 13200 | 1.51 | 13.2 | 46 | 6600 | 1430 | 1840 | 780 | 1360 | 8.741721854 | |
56 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | White | 12% | 0.68 | 15200 | 1.78 | 14.8 | 37 | 7440 | 1070 | 2000 | 800 | 1360 | 8.539325843 | |
57 | Hardwoods | Elm | Rock | 12% | 0.63 | 14800 | 1.54 | 19.2 | 56 | 7050 | 1230 | 1920 | - | 1320 | 9.61038961 | |
58 | Hardwoods | Ash | White | 12% | 0.6 | 15000 | 1.74 | 16.6 | 43 | 7410 | 1160 | 1910 | 940 | 1320 | 8.620689655 | |
59 | Hardwoods | Hickory, pecan | Pecan | Green | 0.6 | 9800 | 1.37 | 14.6 | 53 | 3990 | 780 | 1480 | 680 | 1310 | 7.153284672 | |
60 | Hardwoods | Beech | 12% | 0.64 | 14900 | 1.72 | 15.1 | 41 | 7300 | 1010 | 2010 | 1010 | 1300 | 8.662790698 | ||
61 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Northern red | 12% | 0.63 | 14300 | 1.82 | 14.5 | 43 | 6760 | 1010 | 1780 | 800 | 1290 | 7.857142857 | |
62 | Hardwoods | Birch | Yellow | 12% | 0.62 | 16600 | 2.01 | 20.8 | 55 | 8170 | 970 | 1880 | 920 | 1260 | 8.258706468 | |
63 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Swamp, chestnut | 12% | 0.67 | 13900 | 1.77 | 12 | 41 | 7270 | 1110 | 1990 | 690 | 1240 | 7.853107345 | |
64 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Cherrybark | Green | 0.61 | 10800 | 1.79 | 14.7 | 54 | 4620 | 760 | 1320 | 800 | 1240 | 6.033519553 | |
65 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Black | 12% | 0.61 | 13900 | 1.64 | 13.7 | 41 | 6520 | 930 | 1910 | - | 1210 | 8.475609756 | |
66 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Laurel | 12% | 0.63 | 12600 | 1.69 | 11.8 | 39 | 6980 | 1060 | 1830 | 790 | 1210 | 7.455621302 | |
67 | Hardwoods | Ash | Green | 12% | 0.56 | 14100 | 1.66 | 13.4 | 32 | 7080 | 1310 | 1910 | 700 | 1200 | 8.493975904 | |
68 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Scarlet | Green | 0.6 | 10400 | 1.48 | 15 | 54 | 4090 | 830 | 1410 | 700 | 1200 | 7.027027027 | |
69 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Overcup | 12% | 0.63 | 12600 | 1.42 | 15.7 | 38 | 6200 | 810 | 2000 | 940 | 1190 | 8.873239437 | |
70 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Water | 12% | 0.63 | 15400 | 2.02 | 21.5 | 44 | 6770 | 1020 | 2020 | 920 | 1190 | 7.623762376 | |
71 | Hardwoods | Maple | Black | 12% | 0.57 | 13300 | 1.62 | 12.5 | 40 | 6680 | 1020 | 1820 | 670 | 1180 | 8.209876543 | |
72 | Hardwoods | Ash | Oregon | 12% | 0.55 | 12700 | 1.36 | 14.4 | 33 | 6040 | 1250 | 1790 | 720 | 1160 | 9.338235294 | |
73 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Swamp, white | Green | 0.64 | 9900 | 1.59 | 14.5 | 50 | 4360 | 760 | 1300 | 860 | 1160 | 6.226415094 | |
74 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Chestnut | 12% | 0.66 | 13300 | 1.59 | 11 | 40 | 6830 | 840 | 1490 | - | 1130 | 8.364779874 | |
75 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Post | Green | 0.6 | 8100 | 1.09 | 11 | 44 | 3480 | 860 | 1280 | 790 | 1130 | 7.431192661 | |
76 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Bur | Green | 0.58 | 7200 | 0.88 | 10.7 | 44 | 3290 | 680 | 1350 | 800 | 1110 | 8.181818182 | |
77 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Swamp, chestnut | Green | 0.6 | 8500 | 1.35 | 12.8 | 45 | 3540 | 570 | 1260 | 670 | 1110 | 6.296296296 | |
78 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Pin | Green | 0.58 | 8300 | 1.32 | 14 | 48 | 3680 | 720 | 1290 | 800 | 1070 | 6.287878788 | |
79 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Southern red | 12% | 0.59 | 10900 | 1.49 | 9.4 | 26 | 6090 | 870 | 1390 | 510 | 1060 | 7.315436242 | |
80 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Black | Green | 0.56 | 8200 | 1.18 | 12.2 | 40 | 3470 | 710 | 1220 | - | 1060 | 6.949152542 | |
81 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | White | Green | 0.6 | 8300 | 1.25 | 11.6 | 42 | 3560 | 670 | 1250 | 770 | 1060 | 6.64 | |
82 | Hardwoods | Magnolia | Southern | 12% | 0.5 | 11200 | 1.4 | 12.8 | 29 | 5460 | 860 | 1530 | 740 | 1020 | 8 | |
83 | Hardwoods | Walnut, Black | 12% | 0.55 | 14600 | 1.68 | 10.7 | 34 | 7580 | 1010 | 1370 | 690 | 1010 | 8.69047619 | ||
84 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Water | Green | 0.56 | 8900 | 1.55 | 11.1 | 39 | 3740 | 620 | 1240 | 820 | 1010 | 5.741935484 | |
85 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Northern red | Green | 0.56 | 8300 | 1.35 | 13.2 | 44 | 3440 | 610 | 1210 | 750 | 1000 | 6.148148148 | |
86 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Laurel | Green | 0.56 | 7900 | 1.39 | 11.2 | 39 | 3170 | 570 | 1180 | 770 | 1000 | 5.683453237 | |
87 | Hardwoods | Oak, red | Willow | Green | 0.56 | 7400 | 1.29 | 8.8 | 35 | 3000 | 610 | 1180 | 760 | 980 | 5.736434109 | |
88 | Hardwoods | Maple | Sugar | Green | 0.56 | 9400 | 1.55 | 13.3 | 40 | 4020 | 640 | 1460 | - | 970 | 6.064516129 | |
89 | Hardwoods | Birch | Sweet | Green | 0.6 | 9400 | 1.65 | 15.7 | 48 | 3740 | 470 | 1240 | 430 | 970 | 5.696969697 | |
90 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Overcup | Green | 0.57 | 8000 | 1.15 | 12.6 | 44 | 3370 | 540 | 1320 | 730 | 960 | 6.956521739 | |
91 | Hardwoods | Ash | White | Green | 0.55 | 9500 | 1.44 | 15.7 | 38 | 3990 | 670 | 1350 | 590 | 960 | 6.597222222 | |
92 | Hardwoods | Cherry | 12% | 0.5 | 12300 | 1.49 | 11.4 | 29 | 7110 | 690 | 1700 | 560 | 950 | 8.255033557 | ||
93 | Hardwoods | Maple | Red | 12% | 0.54 | 13400 | 1.64 | 12.5 | 32 | 6540 | 1000 | 1850 | - | 950 | 8.170731707 | |
94 | Hardwoods | Elm | Rock | Green | 0.57 | 9500 | 1.19 | 19.8 | 54 | 3780 | 610 | 1270 | - | 940 | 7.983193277 | |
95 | Hardwoods | Birch | Paper | 12% | 0.55 | 12300 | 1.59 | 16 | 34 | 5690 | 600 | 1210 | - | 910 | 7.735849057 | |
96 | Hardwoods | Walnut, Black | Green | 0.51 | 9500 | 1.42 | 14.6 | 37 | 4300 | 490 | 1220 | 570 | 900 | 6.690140845 | ||
97 | Hardwoods | Oak, white | Chestnut | Green | 0.57 | 8000 | 1.37 | 9.4 | 35 | 3520 | 530 | 1210 | 690 | 890 | 5.839416058 | |
98 | Hardwoods | Tupelo | Water | 12% | 0.5 | 9600 | 1.26 | 6.9 | 23 | 5920 | 870 | 1590 | 700 | 880 | 7.619047619 | |
99 | Softwoods | Pine | Longleaf | 12% | 0.59 | 14500 | 1.98 | 11.8 | 34 | 8470 | 960 | 1510 | 470 | 870 | 7.323232323 | |
100 | Hardwoods | Ash | Green | Green | 0.53 | 9500 | 1.4 | 11.8 | 35 | 4200 | 730 | 1260 | 590 | 870 | 6.785714286 | |