OBJECTID

NMR Monument Number

Scheduled Monument Number

Reliability of Data

Y Coordinate

Current County or Unitary Authority

Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland

Monument Condition: Extant

Monument Condition: Cropmark

Monument Condition: Likely Destroyed

Land Use: Commercial Forestry Plantation

Land Use: Pasture (Grazing)

Land Use: Scrub/Bracken

Land Use: Bare Outcrop

Land Use: Heather/Moorland

Land Use: Coastal Grassland

Hillfort Type: Contour Fort

Hillfort Type: Partial Contour Fort

Hillfort Type: Promontory Fort

Hillfort Type: Level Terrain Fort

Topographic Position: Coastal Promontory

Topographic Position: Inland Promontory

Topographic Position: Valley Bottom

Topographic Position: Knoll/Hillock/Outcrop

Topographic Position: Cliff/Plateau-edge/Scarp

Topographic Position: Hillslope

Aspect: Southeast

Boundary

Second HER Primary Record Number

Second Current County or Unitary Authority

Second Current Parish/Community/Council/Townland

Dating Evidence: 1200BC - 800BC

Dating Evidence: 800BC - 400BC

Dating Evidence: 400BC - AD50

Dating Evidence: AD50 - AD400

Dating Evidence: AD400 - AD800

Large, wooded, univallate, partial contour hillfort located on Aconbury HIll, following the contours but sloping to the W, and on the interfluve above the Rivers Wye and Severn. Precipitous slopes to the W and N. Rampart surrounds camp, with a surviving main ditch to the S and E, elsewhere not visible, although it is possible that the steep slopes on the N and W precluded a ditch here. Internal area c. 7.1ha and footprint 9.3ha. The rampart rampart reaches up to 4.5m in the S where the ditch is up to 1.5m deep and is impressive on the W overlooking steep slopes. Possible internal revetments within ramparts. Berm on N and W. Internal quarry scoops, especially on the S and N side. Slight investigations 1948-51 found occupation similar to Sutton Walls hillfort (Atlas No 0031) and Dinedor Camp (Atlas No 0013), with pottery similar to the former site. Two original entrances and four modern gaps. Occupied during the Civil War in 1642 and 1645. Mixed woodland since 19th century with internal tracks. Bracken, bramble, sapling and coppice re-growth. Visitor erosion of paths where cross rampart, with horse and quad bikes. Some quarrying. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888).

Main ditch gone on N and W sides. Visitor erosion of paths where cross rampart, with horse and quad bikes. Vegetation re-growth. Some quarrying.

Mixed woodland since 19th century with internal tracks. Bracken, bramble, sapling and coppice re-growth. Some quarrying.

Partial contour fort following the natural contours and which also appears to cut off a promontory, but sloping to the W. Located above the River Wye and Hereford to the E and the valley of the Worm Brook to the W, on the interfluve between the Rivers Wye and Severn catchments. Precipitous slopes to the W and N.

The finding of Iron Age and Roman pottery suggests late Iron Age to Roman period occupation. Sherds similar to Sutton Walls (Atlas No 0031).

Univallate, contour hillfort located on summit of rounded hill at watershed of Whyle Brook and tributary and overlooking confluence, with River Lugg valley to W. Steep surrounding slopes. Irregular shaped with area c. 4.1ha, defined differentially by single rampart to 5.1m high, with part-buried outer ditch and counterscarp bank to N, E and possibly S, rising to 1.8m. Counterscarp bank is complex and difficult to unravel and probably also existed on W. Mostly removed by cultivation and on E merges into a berm before reappearing; possibly result of landslip or not finished. Three entrances, simple gap possibly modern to N, that to NW complex with possible hornwork, and that on S inturned. Potatoes once grown on the site, but now under management agreement. Natural and animal erosion with sheep scrapes. General improvement as part of management agreements. Public Right of Way and permissive paths. Past tree removal is causing erosion around the stumps. Undated. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888).

Natural and animal erosion with sheep scrapes. General improvement as part of management agreements. Public Right of Way and permissive paths. Past tree removal is causing erosion around the stumps. Site now under management agreements.

Potatoes once grown on the site, but vegetation now managed.

Univallate, contour hillfort located on summit of rounded hill at watershed of Whyle Brook and tributary and overlooking confluence, with River Lugg valley to W. Steep surrounding slopes.

Multivallate, contour hillfort with three banks and ditches, situated on prominent hill summit above important confluences of Rivers Wye and Lugg and Frome and Lugg. Steep surrounding slopes, precipitous on S. Internal area c. 2.8ha. Ramparts continuous on N side, but, although damaged, inner and outer ramparts continuous on W side. Damaged and discontinuous on E and S, probably result of an ancient landslip. Two possibly original entrances in evidence. 'Adam's Rocks' lie in S interior. Spurious association with St. Ethelbert, and not referred to as 'Backbury' until 1926. Although the circuit continuous in part, the site is generally damaged and tree covered. An access track runs NE to SW passing through the NW entrance. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888). Undated.

Although the circuit continuous in part, the site is generally damaged and tree covered. An ancient landslip seems to have taken the defences on the E and S. An access track runs NE to SW passing through the NW entrance.

Located part on slopes, part level ground. Sited on top slopes of a prominent hill above important confluences of the Rivers Wye and Lugg and Frome and Lugg

Hilltop including the Adam's Rocks outcrop

The chance finding of a number of cloudy blue flints, two burnt flints and a core from the W rampart does not indicate dating.

Univallate probable hillslope fort, re-used in the Roman period, located on a slope below the summit of a flat-topped steep hill pointing towards the confluence of the Rivers Teme, Clun and Leintwardine Fishery. Located at a Roman (and possibly earlier) crossing of Branogenium. Opposite to Coxall Knoll hillfort (Atlas No 0010) in an area of prominent hillforts. Iron Age defences comprise two ramparts to the S and E enclosing a triangular area with steep scarp to the NW. Roman defences comprise part of a rampart to the E and bank to the S using the hillfort defences on the N and W. Internal area c. 4.8ha. Possible two entrances. Excavations by S.S. Frere between 1981-85 determined extensive Roman occupation of Neronian date, AD 55-56, with military granary, officer's quarters and commandant's house and trenches of timber buildings cut into the rock. Bronze Age ring-ditch and Iron Age roundhouse found beneath Roman layers. Suggested as possibly part of a larger enclosure to 40ha. The interior is arable and pasture at present. Wooded ramparts. There is a history of ploughing generally. Slumping has occurred around the SE corner. Rabbit problem. However, there has been some general improvement with scrub control measures. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888).

Slumping has occurred around the SE corner. Rabbit problem. However, there has been some general improvement with scrub control measures.

The interior is arable and pasture at present. Wooded ramparts. There is a history of ploughing generally.

The site is located on NW slopes just below the summit of a hill and, although it could be called a partial contour site, it is better referred to as a hillslope fort. Sited on a NW slope below the summit of a flat-topped steep hill pointing towards the confluence of the Rivers Teme, Clun and Leintwardine Fishery

Iron Age to Roman and possible later enclosure, based on excavations.

Possible Bronze Age ring ditch could indicate earlier activity.

One of the finest and most spectacular contour hillforts in the country, located on the high ridge of the Malvern Hills above the River Severn valley on the E and River Leadon on the W. Its snaking ramparts encompass the Herefordshire Beacon itself and the S summit, called Millennium Hill. Internal area 14.7ha. Limited excavations were carried out by Hilton Price in 1879 (Hilton Price 1887). The site was surveyed in 1999 as part of the Malvern Hills AONB Project by RCHME (Bowden 2005). Wheeler (1953) suggested four phases to the site. In Phase I, c. 3ha were enclosed by a slight bank (in proportion) and impressive ditch above an artificially steepened scarp. Here the counterscap is massive in places. Possible structure sites have been found. Out-turned entrances were to the NE (strategically positioned) and SW (now faint). In Phase II, the enclosure was enlarged X 4 to about 13.5ha along the 305m contour with deep ditch and four overlapping entrances. The ramparts of Phases I and II are difficult to unravel. At least 118 hut platforms have been identified. In Phase III he suggested that the small 'fortified post' (the ringwork), constructed at the summit of the hill with steep rock-cut ditch and internal bank. In the final phase the Shire Ditch, constructed in about 1287, made use of the counterscarp of the E ditch. From the surveys of 1999, Phases III and IV were reversed, the Shire Ditch being of earlier construction than the ringwork, the latter anything from the Norman conquest to the 14th century, that between the 11th and 14th centuries most likely. One of the few Herefordshire hillforts to have possibly guarded a pass. Visitor numbers great, but erosion repair has taken place. Upland pasture, moorland and scrub, latter, especially on the W side, could be a problem. Rabbit control measures. Otherwise condition generally good. On 1st Ed. OS map (1886).

Visitor numbers great, but erosion repair has taken place. Scrub especially on the W side could be a problem. Rabbit control measures. Otherwise condition generally good.

Upland pasture, moorland and scrub. Medieval ringwork.

One of the finest examples of a contour fort in the country. Located on the high ridge of the Malvern Hills above the River Severn valley on the E and River Leadon on the W. Its snaking ramparts encompass the Herefordshire Beacon itself and the S summit, called Millennium Hill.

Eastnor (Herefordshire); Little Malvern (Worcestershire)

The earlier enclosure of Phase I could be late Bronze Age or early Iron Age whist the main enclosure (Phase II) is thought to be of the middle Iron Age. The ringwork on the summit is thought to be medieval. There is only slight evidence of Romano-British activity. There is no evidence of pre-hillfort activity, althought it has been speculated that the medieval ringwork could be a re-working of an earlier enclosure. No dating is entirely secure.

There is no evidence of pre-hillfort activity, althought it has been speculated that the medieval ringwork could be constructed on an earlier enclosure.

Possible inland promontory fort, ploughed for centuries and now cropmark and, to a degree, comments subject to conjecture.Area not determined. Three widely-spaced ditches appear to cut off a broad promontory with steep W slopes, less steep to N and S. Possible earthworks may exist in woodland to the W, but no access to allowed to determine this. To the N a field boundary may indicate the site of rampart. Possible entrance on the E, where apparent gaps in the ditches on the ridge crest. The highest point of the knoll or promontory is to the E overlooking the site. The site was not recorded on the first edition of the OS map. Undated.

Irreconciled issues

The site is a cropmark and there are many irreconciled issues.

The site is a cropmark and there are many irreconciled issues.

Survives only as a cropmark. Possible further earthworks may exist in woodland to the W.

The site is a cropmark but appears to cut off the promontory. Sited on a broad promontory overlooking the Monnow valley with steep slopes to the W, less so to the N and S. Highest point of the knoll or promontory is to the E which overlooks the hillfort.

Superbly sited and large, excavated, contour hillfort, strategically located on a steeply sloping spur promontory directly overlooking and dominating a bend in the the River Wye. With strong double and triple ramparts and ditches elsewhere, a sheer drop to the river on the W and N gives maximum protection. Internal area c. 4.6ha. Prominent counterscarp running from the SW corner to NW corner. Entrances to the E (with possible mound or bastion) and midway on S side, which takes a path from Capler Wood, the latter possibly modern. Track runs from the ditch in the NW corner at the base of the scarp edge and possibly masking/utilising a berm. Former 17th/early 18th century cottage in the interior. Long pool in S ditch. E in pasture; W half of site wooded. Site excavated by Jack and Hayter 1925 who opened 15 trenches and found some evidence of metal working and Roman influence. Some tree planting and recreation effects. Pheasant rearing on site with farm landscaping to E. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888). Two

Some tree planting and recreation effects. Pheasant rearing on site with farm landscaping to E.

Wooded on the W half of the site with pasture on the E half. Mature trees with general rough grazing and some tree planting. Past remains of post-medieval stone cottage.

The ramparts generally follow the contours at the top of a prominent spur. Sited on a steeply sloping spur directly overlooking and dominating a bend of the the River Wye. Slight slope to the S.

Isolated, large, partial contour hillfort strategically sited within Chase Wood on a prominent hill above the lower Wye valley and above Ross-on-Wye. Only hillfort situated near to the Forest of Dean. Oval shape with internal area c. 10.8ha. Unusual W defences as located 40m downslope from the interior with a berm at the base of the scarp, then a ditch and counterscarp. Steep slopes surround site, except on the S side where it is defended by a rampart to nearly 2m high. On other sides scarping of the natural slope with berm form the defence and give a sense of monumentality to the site, with traces of an outer bank to the berm to the W. Possible three entrances; very impressive on NE. Chance finds of Neolithic implements and Mesolithic microlith found as result of tree clearance. Interior has been regularly ploughed. FC conifer plantation on W ramparts, which are vulnerable. Animal disturbance, particularly around the S rampart. Tree clearance has taken place. Two public footpaths close-by. Despite the regular ploughing, with probable deterioration of archaeological layers, site generally stable and little has changed over the past 25 years. Undated.

Animal disturbance, particularly around the S rampart. Tree clearance has taken place. Two public footpaths close-by. Despite regular ploughing, with probable deterioration of archaeological layers, site generally stable and little has changed over the past 25 years.

Interior has been regularly ploughed. FC conifer plantation on W ramparts, which are vulnerable.

Partial contour hillfort, the site including the summit of the hill, but slopes to SW. Located within Chase Wood on a prominent hill above Ross-on-Wye with steep surrounding slopes apart from on S side.

Neolithic implements and Mesolothic microlith found as result of tree clearance.

Wooded, multivallate, contour hillfort located on a prominent spur overlooking the River Wye near its confluence with the River Lugg. Double scarp with wide berm and traces of an outer rampart to the berm on three sides, with most of the E protected only by steep slopes. Two original and interesting entrances, to the N and S. The site has wind-throw problems with mature trees growing on the rampart and there is a public footpath through the centre. Topographical and woodland surveys recently undertaken. Oak, ash, cherry and yew trees on site. Undated. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888).

Wooded with windthrow problems as mature trees growing on the rampart. Public footpath through the middle of the site.

Contour hillfort on spur summit. Overlooks the River Wye on a prominent spur near its confluence with the River Lugg.

Formerly a fine and large contour hillfort on steep slopes, now tree covered and in three enclosures, above the River Teme and its confluence with the River Clun and Leintwardine Fishery. The three enclosures within a continuous line of defences, some fragmentary, are the result of possible phased construction rather than annexe - Phase I multivallate of 3.2ha; Phase II multivallate of 5.8ha. The W enclosure is defended by three ramparts and two intermediate ditches on the N, and by a berm on the S with a steep natural slope below a steepened scarp above. This is divided from the E enclosure by a double rampart and medial ditch, itself having two ramparts with medial ditch, the outer rampart mostly gone. There is a spoil ditch within the inner rampart. The N and smallest enclosure has a double rampart and medial ditch, the outer fragmented. There are four entrances to the main circuit with internal entrances to the various enclosures. The outwork to the NE outside the defences is not original and considered to be post-medieval linear quarrying. A possible Bronze Age standing stone ("The Frog Stone') is in the NE enclosure. Boundary of Herefordshire and Shropshire passes through site. Only fragments of some of the defences are visible on aerial photographs. Tree covered with conifer plantation and broadleaved woodland. Private site. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888). Undated.

Tree covered with conifer plantation and broadleaved woodland.

Complex contour fort on prominent hill. Sited above steep slopes on prominent hill top, now tree covered, above the River Teme and its confluence with the River Clun and Leintwardine Fishery.

Part of the site is located in Shropshire and part in Herefordshire.

Very large, bivallate, contour hillfort located on steep hill within Credenhill Park Wood and dominating a major bend in the River Wye. Twice as large as any other in Herefordshire, enclosing 20ha. Substantial ramparts and ditch, the inner rampart (to 9m) higher than the outer (to 4m), with medial ditch. The height of the S rampart is augmented by scarping the natural hillslope to give a sense of monumentality, with a berm along the base of the scarp. The wide bank noted as a possible rampart was shown by excavation to be a lynchet or headland of the medieval cultivation of the interior. Two entrances (corner of SE and mid E), with inturns to give long approach passages, possibly with guard chambers. Possible SW entrance destroyed by quarrying. There are internal quarry scoops around much of the circuit, some used as ponds. Stanford's excavations, behind rampart S of E gate before site afforested, important in being the first published discussion of a defended settlement where the buildings appear to have been regularly spaced rectangular structures, here 8m from centre to centre. Postholes for corner posts of two sizes - 2.5m sq and 2.5m by 3.5m. Most rebuilt to the same plan six times. Probably four-posters, although Stanford dubiously postulated dwellings and the site holding 4,000 people and the political capital of the region. Pits thought late by Stanford, one at least, containing Romano-British pottery (Stanford 1970, 116). Recent excavations and topographical survey. Site initially planted with tree in the 1960's. Heavily wooded, but in 2008/2009 whole of N half of the site clear felled. Woodland management by the Woodland Trust continues. Part pasture in the interior. Referred to by Stukeley and on 1st Ed. OS map (1888).

SW corner totally destroyed by quarrying and extensive linear quarries in the interior. Recreation pressures now being addressed. Animal damage. Many paths.

Site initially planted with tree in the 1960's. Heavily wooded, but in 2008/2009 whole of N half of the site clear felled. Woodland management by the Woodland Trust continues. Part pasture in the interior. Quarries.

Large contour hillfort. Located on steep and prominent hill within Credenhill Park Wood dominating a major bend in the River Wye.

First construction circa 390 BC, occupation ending AD 60, agreeing with evidence from Croft Ambrey. Romano-British sherds found by Stanford.

Fine partial contour hillfort sited above wooded slopes of significant bend of River Lugg dominating the Leintwardine Fishery. Very steep and steep slopes to E, W and N, moderate to S. Roughly D-shaped, with internal area c. 3.6ha. Three substantial banks and ditches complete circuit. Gates and part of interior and annexe famously excavated by Stanford 1960-66. Phased construction and seven periods of occupation suggested between 450 BC to AD 49 on the evidence of gateway renewal. Firstly a rampart (later removed) and ditch (still visible) enclosing 2.2ha. Rows of possibly four-posters for grain storage, thought by Stanford as rows of dwellings. Some evidence of pits, but of the 14 excavated most less than 1m deep, and only four of depth suitable for grain storage. At least five and possibly seven periods of modification/reconstruction, though ten have been suggested at the SW gate, with 20 series of postholes over time. C. 390 BC bank levelled and new enclosure built of 4ha visible as the inner rampart and two external banks and ditches. Later an annexe was added to the S, defined by two weak banks and ditches, to give a total footprint of c. 8.4ha. Intensive occupation to c. 49 BC when the Romans took the fort. C. 2nd century AD a 'mound' was constructed in the annexe, possibly an arena for gatherings and sacrifice/shrine, or indeed a representation of a Romano-Celtic temple or sanctuary. There are two main original entrances identified, that to the SW is complex winding through a series of outworks with hollow way and narrow path into the interior. The second entrance, at the NE corner, is protected by a turning of the two inner ramparts and mounds on the edge of the steep natural scarp. Suggested postern entrance on the W is probably modern. Well-preserved, public access, National Trust site, but bracken problem. On 1st Ed. OS map (1885-1900).

Good condition, with management by the National Trust. Recreation pressure generally managed despite no full management plan and wind-throw of scattered trees could be a problem. Repair and re-routing of access path through W entrance.

Bracken can be a problem for interpretation during the summer and control carried out.

The fort partly follows the contours. Sited on a spur above a significant bend of the River Lugg dominating the Leintwardine Fishery.

Stanford suggested seven periods of occupation, as a result of the renewal of the gates, between 450 BC to AD 49. Firstly a rampart (later removed) and ditch (still visible) enclosing 2.2ha. Rows of possibly four-posters for grain storage. At least five periods of modification/reconstruction. C. 390 BC bank levelled and new enclosure built of 4ha visible as the inner rampart and two external banks and ditches. Later an annexe was added to the S, defined by two weak banks and ditches. The mound, which was fully excavated, was of late Roman date, built over an initial early Roman terrace. Here coarse ware predominated, but also included some Samian ware. Iron Age metal-ware found. C14 dating from the excavation appears problematical as vast range between 1700-750 cal BC.

Oval, contour hillfort located on the summit of Dinedor Hill overlooking the River Wye and Hereford and its confluence with the River Lugg and the confluence of the Lugg and Frome. On NE side high bank to c. 8m high, elsewhere less to 3m, with ditch remnants. Scarp and berm on NW and W sides. Defended by natural slope on most of the S side. Both side of the rampart may have been revetted in stone. No evidence of ditch, but one probably existed and watching brief in 1998 may have determined this. Small excavation by Kenyon found dense occupation behind the rampart, with Iron Age to Roman pottery and coins. Only entrance on the SE corner, out-turned and elongated. Site may have been occupied in 1645 by Scottish troops as part of the Siege of Hereford, with possible hornwork and bastion alterations. Heavily wooded ramparts, but now the subject of a substantial management plan and agreement. Sapling, scrub and brambles managed. Interior part wood part pasture. Generally improving condition. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888).

Wooded with beech wind-throw problems as a result of mature beech trees, some removed in 2007-2008. Generally improving in condition.

Heavily wooded ramparts, but now the subject of a substantial management plan and agreement. Sapling, scrub and brambles managed. Interior part wood part pasture.

Important contour hillfort located on the summit of Dinedor Hill overlooking the River Wye and Hereford and its confluence with the River Lugg and the confluence of the Lugg and Frome.

Iron Age stamped Malverian and vesicular mudstone tempered wares c. 2nd century BC. Romano-British pottery and Roman coins found of Galba AD 68-69 and Citellius could indicate some form of occupation/activity.

Neolithic polished axe indicates some activity. Bronze Age arrowhead.

Little is know about the site, which is a large, unscheduled, possible inland promontory fort located on a spur on a bend of the River Lugg. There is a single bank and rock-cut ditch on the W. Earthworks at the E end have been confirmed by aerial photography and geophysics and confirmed by excavation. The W bank effectively cuts off the promontory, with steep slopes on the other three sides, and could be interpreted as a possible cross-dyke. The site was the subject of Time Team investigations in 2009, report forthcoming. Mostly wooded site with some improved pasture. Undated. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888).

Little is known about the site and waits the results of Time Team investigations.

At present the lack of data prohibits final interpretation.

The location of the site is not exact. Located on NE spur slopes on a bend of the River Lugg.

Isolated inland promontory hillfort on steep slopes of a spur just below the summit of Dorstone Hill overlooking the River Dore. Roughly triangular in plan, measuring c. 0.19ha, and could be likened to a cross-ridge dyke. The promontory is cut off by a rampart and ditch 71m long running SW to NE, some 7m wide and up to 1.7m high. NE end of the ditch re-cut as a field boundary. Artificially scarped slope and berm to NE. Very degraded bank appears to underlie the rampart, extending away for some 15m, its origin unclear. Dense conifers over most of site, with grassed areas of forest track and open wood at the edge if a pasture field. Scrub on ramparts and mature trees in the ditch. Little visible. On 1st Ed. OS map (1887).

Forestry clearance has damaged the site which is generally at risk. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

Dense conifers over most of site, with grassed areas of forest track and open wood at the edge if a pasture field. Scrub on ramparts and mature trees in the ditch.Little visible.

Sloping spur promontory.Located on steep slopes of a spur just below the summit of Dorstone Hill overlooking the River Dore.

Thought of by some part of the nearby Neolithic complex, but probably a small Iron Age fort of indeterminate date to Romano-British period (finds evidence).

Neolithic finds of struck flints indicate activity

Univallate, cliff-edge, inland promontory fort located on wooded NE facing slope at the edge of S-facing limestone cliffs above the River Teme. It extends 64m N to S and E to W, and of irregular shape and area estimated at c. 4ha. Protected by scarp and natural precipitous rock face on the S, the remainder protected by a rampart and outer ditch, the latter as a possible berm on the NE, before disappearing with the rampart 25m from the cliff edge on the SE. An old trackway running along the berm reaches a ford on the river, and this could account for the hillfort's position vis-a-vis the river. Woodland site relatively stable, but scrub and wind-throw problems remain. Undated. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888).

Site relatively stable, but scrub and wind-throw problems remain.

Univallate, cliff-edge, inland promontory fort. Located on wooded NE-facing slope at the edge of S-facing limestone cliffs above the River Teme.

Large and unusually sited, triangular, inland promontory fort located directly adjacent to the River Wye and opposite to Credenhill hillfort (Atlas No 0011). Steep natural slope only on the N and SE, and on the W a rampart, but denuded to the N. Internal area c. 7ha. Rampart massive and bivallate at approach and outer bank part-gone. Original entrance probably at the NW apex, but there are modern gaps. Small investigation in 1980's and 2012 trial excavations (Dorling 2012), topographical survey and geophysics. Thought 6th century BC for rampart. Tertiary deposits in ditch contained stamped Malvernian Ware of middle Iron Age date and later Droitwich briquetage. Fragments of crucible indicate metal working. Bone and part of shale object and flint also found. Colluvial material overlies good Iron Age deposits. Lidar has shown that relict ridge and furrow covers most of the interior. Site badly affected by agriculture and development, the latter especially on the W and S. Mostly under pasture. Scrub and wood on N and S slopes. On 1st Ed. OS map (1887).

Badly affected by agriculture and development, the latter especially on the W and S.

Mostly under pasture. Scrub and wood on N and S slopes.

Unusual inland promontory hillfort located directly adjacent to the River Wye at stream confluence.

Clehonger; Breinton

Rampart c. 6th century BC. Tertiary deposits in ditch contained stamped Malvernian ware of middle Iron Age. Droitwich briquetage, crucible fragment, bone and part of shale object, flint. C14 dates (no details)

Large univallate, level terrain fort virtually destroyed through continuous ploughing for many years and bisected by the main A4137 Hereford road. Internal area c. 7.T8ha. The line of the former ramparts now visible only as a slight rise with scarp around most of the circuit. It is possible that there might be greater survival where hedge lines cross the ramparts to the E and W and to the S where a lane runs along the line of the ditch. The deep ploughing has probably truncated the archaeological deposits. Not on the OS 1:50,000 map but in the RCHME Inventory (1931-34). Undated.

Badly damaged by road and agriculture. Intensive ploughing for many years has eroded the ramparts and nearly obliterated the site. Archaeological deposits probably truncated.

Unusual location on flat plateau top suggests level terrain fort. Located at the top plateau edge of a gentle rise above a stream valley which eventually meets the River Wye to the S.

Hillslope fort located on steep slopes overlooking the Kyre Brook and the headwaters of the River Frome to the S and W. On 1st Ed OS map (1888). Encloses 3.6ha. Univallate with strong bank and ditch across the W end of a narrow ridge, Naturally steep slopes on the other sides and protected by a bank, which is best preserved to the N and NW. There are four potential entrances, but only two are deemed entirely original. The site is nearly destroyed and is seen as a scarp above natural slopes, best to the W and E ends. The ditch is nearly gone, with vestigial remains on the N side. Roman bricks have been found. Generally grazed pasture.

The site is almost destroyed with only vestigal remains extant.

A (former) hillslope enclosure. Located on steep slopes overlooking the Kyre Brook and the headwaters of the River Frome to the S and W.

Small, univallate, contour hillfort on the NW angle of Haffield Park. Isolated and unscheduled wooded this oval hillfort lies on top of a hill above the River Leadon. Internal area c. 1.6ha. Defences show only as a scarp on the slope of the hill, except on the E and SE sides where the ground falls sharply away. Thus, scarping and artificial strengthening of the natural hillside, with possible palisade, define the site. Single entrance to the W, that to the NE corner possibly later. In fairly good condition, although tree overgrown. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1888).

Alistair Hodcroft (Glos Arch)

Wooded overgrown site within an area of managed woodland of Haffield Park, but generally improving in condition. There have been issues relating to harvesting and management in the past. There are public footpaths nearby.

Site generally follows the contours on ridge top. Isolated wooded site located on a hill above the River Leadon.

Large, impressive and isolated partial contour hillfort located on a hill overlooking the W bank of the River Arrow and near the confluence of the Rivers Lugg and Arrow. The unusual shape is the result of modern buildings in the interior, wooded ramparts and possible phased construction. There are two enclosures in the interior, that to the NW being earlier and defined on the S and E sides by a crescent-shaped rampart. This has been cut into by the buildings of Camp Farm. Row of 36 postholes found within rampart along the 31m surveyed. The defences closely follow the contours apart from the N part of the E side, and include a massive inner rampart and ditch and traces of a second bank, beyond which on the E side there is a ditch. Interior of the earlier enclosure is 1.5m higher than that to the E. There are five entrances, those on the SE and NE being original. The former is particularly elaborate, the latter inturned. Salvage recording of service trench 1996 found Iron Age pottery and Cheshire and Droitwich VCP. Despite modern buildings of Camp Farm in the interior, wooded ramparts and former quarrying, it is still an impressive site. Permissive path. On 1st Ed OS map (1888).

Despite modern buildings of Camp Farm in the interior, wooded ramparts and former quarrying, it is still an impressive site. Permissive path.

Interior devoted to Camp Farm and agriculture. Quarrying.

Ramparts closely follow the contours apart from N half of east side. Located on a hill overlooking the W bank of the River Arrow and near the confluence of the Rivers Lugg and Arrow.

Iron Age pottery (eg Malvernian ware) and briquetage found suggest late Iron Age date of occupation.

Large, very prominent and now wooded, multivallate, inland promontory fort sited on the major bends of the River Wye at Symonds Yat. Precipitous and rocky terrain, the oval hillfort sited to dominate the Wye. Internal area 7.8ha. Possible two phases of construction. The possible rectangular 'annexe' to the SE, which contains 30 hut platforms, has now been proposed by Bowden (2009) as an earlier promontory fort with rampart and ditch, partly confirmed by excavation. Now double rampart and medial ditch, apart from the SW where there is a single bank to 1.5m high on steep slopes. To NW and NE inner bank strong and up to 12m-16m wide and 2.5m high. Counterscarp visible in places. There was a possible former enclosure on the NW side. To the SE there is a 1m high outward-facing slope, possibly a ploughed-down bank. Original NE entrance and another, rock-cut, to the SW, with a possibly original on the SE. Site ploughed during WWII. Excavations 2009 and 2011 (Dorling et al 2012), with C14 dating to early and middle Iron Age, and topographical survey by English Heritage Conifer plantation in interior now clear felled. Grazing by deer has improved the site. Now actively managed by owners. On 1st Ed OS map (1888).

Conifer plantation in interior now clear felled. Grazing by deer has improved the site. Site ploughed during WWII.

The site generally follows the contours of the spur. Large, very prominent and now wooded multivallate hillfort located on a spur promontory on major bends of the River Wye at Symonds Yat.

C14 dates from bone and charcoal show early Iron Age to middle Iron Age dates (varying 760-170 cal BC). Early/middle Iron Age pottery, Cheshire and Droitwich VCP. Single sherd of possible late Bronze Age/early Iron Age pottery.

Univallate, possible level terrain fort, only recorded in 1999 and not on OS map. Area determined from dimensions. D-shaped and forming a near complete half circle abutting the steep slopes to the N, the site is 150m in diameter and located in a Forestry Commission plantation of Mere Wood. The single bank with ditch is up to 2m in height and width. Possible SW entrance. Three trenches opened in interior following geophysics and bank and ditch investigation (Ray and Hoverd 2000). This showed no sign of occupation and suggested that site was unfinished, no dating evidence. Possible gang working found at 17m intervals as result of topographical survey. Forestry Commission plantation cleared in 2011, the site now managed with scrub clearance once a year. Generally improving situation.

Forestry Commission plantation cleared in 2011, the site now managed with scrub clearance once a year. Generally improving situation.

Sited within a Forestry Commission plantation with free public access. Now pasture.

The three hillforts of Mere Hill, Pyon Wood (Atlas No 0029) and Croft Ambrey (Atlas No 0012) are located in a line along the River Lugg. Mere Hill located at the edge of steep escarpment overlooking valley of River Lugg in vicinity of Pyon Wood and Croft Ambrey.

Important, steep and rugged, partial contour hillfort located on two hills with intervening valley, Midsummer Hill and Hollybush Hill, on the ridge of the Malvern Hills S of Herefordshire Beacon and within sight of Worcestershire Beacon. Internal area 7ha. Notable for its numerous (483 recorded) small hut platforms cut into the hillside, suggested by its excavator Stanford (1981) for accommodation. More probably sites of 'four-poster' structures, and a possible site with ritual connotations. A single bank with ditch, the former only c. 1m internally, and a small counterscarp bank. The earthworks are made the more imposing by the ditch being up to 11m below the rampart. There are severe gradients on the circuit. Internal quarry ditch around most of the site, but particularly on Hollybush Hill. The two surviving entrances on the Midsummer Hill are original - to the N an oblique inturned entrance and to the S also inturned and forming a narrow corridor. On Hollybush Hill, to the S, it has been suggested by Lines (not dated) and Hughes (1924), who excavated seven areas, that there was also an entrance, now quarried away. Excavations by Stanford showed 17 phases of construction between 470 BC to AD 30, based on C14 dating, and the, mostly circular, platforms laid out in rows along the contours, their location on steep slopes making them more or less unusable as dwellings, but whether they were all for pure storage is a moot point as stated. The position of the spring between the two hills could be of ritual significance. Recent topographical surveys. Heavily overgrown and wooded in part; open, very rough grazing and bare rock to N. SSSI. General deterioration until management since 2010. Erosion, especially on the N rampart, where the bare rock and rough scrub/grazing. S part of Hollybush Hill to S quarried away. On 1st Ed OS map (1889).

Alistair Hodcroft (Glos Arch)

General deterioration until management since 2010. Erosion especially on the N rampart. S part of Hollybush Hill to S quarried away.

Heavily overgrown and wooded in part; open, very rough grazing and bare rock to N. SSSI.

Partial contour hillfort. Steep slopes are a feature of the site. Because of the topographic nature of the site on two hills, the aspect is very variable. Located on two hills, Midsummer Hill and Hollybush Hill on the ridge of the Malvern Hills. Aspect variable about the large site, predominately NW.

The two hilltops of Midsummer Hill to the north and Hollybush Hill to the south with intervening valley.

Large, oval, contour hillfort located on Ridge Hill on the interfluve of the Rivers Severn and Wye, overlooking a sharp bend of the Wye to the W and the valley of Preston Brook to the E, and above Caplar Camp (Atlas No ). Internal area 5.7ha. The ridge has steep slopes on the W, less so on the E. The N rampart rises to 2m-3m above level of field; possibly scarped from ridge. E side is similar. W has steep scarp and berm. The scarping enhances the monumentality of the site. At S end of W ramparts a berm becomes a ditch (faint traces) with external counterscarp bank. The site is in poor condition due to ploughing, but mostly visible. Surface finds suggest late Iron Age to early Romano-British date. On 1st Ed OS map (1888).

In poor condition and badly affected by ploughing over centuries.

Site generally follows the contours. Located on the plateau top of Ridge Hill on the interfluve of the Rivers Severn and Wye.

Chance finds indicate a late iron Age to Romano-British date for occupation of the fort. Fragments of 'duck stamped' pottery from ploughed-down rampart at NE corner. Coarse black pottery similar to that from Sutton Walls (Atlas No 0031). Small fragment of Romano-British globular jar from W side of fort.

Chance finds of: bronze looped palstave. Bronze Age barbed and tanged grey flint arrowhead. Broken microlith. Worked flint implements.

EN0026 Pen-Twyn Camp, Brilley, Herefordshire

Small, multivallate, contour hillfort located on isolated and prominent site overlooking the River Wye above Hay-on-Wye to the S and the River Arrow to the N, on the interfluve between the Rivers Wye and Severn catchments, thus commanding two valleys. Roughly oval in shape, with internal area c. 0.82ha. Defences are of no great strength. Double ramparts on the W, the inner bank weaker. To the S there are no ramparts in evidence, but a hedgeline possibly preserves their location. To the N and E, only a scarp to the inner enclosure remains, with no trace of a ditch. Defences much damaged, especially on S where absent and now a hedgeline, where possible entrance, but only conjecture. Thought to be little change since the 1980's and that the site is stable in condition. Part conifer plantation and pasture. Access problems hamper investigation. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1888).

Defences much damaged, especially on S where absent and now a hedge line. Thought to be little change since the 1980's and that the site is stable in condition.

Part conifer plantation and pasture. Access problems.

Hill top site follows the contours. Isolated and prominent site overlooking the River Wye above Hay-on-Wye.

Large, level terrain, triple banked and ditched enclosure, showing mostly as cropmark in arable field and located on an elevated level plateau at E end of a ridge overlooking the Monnow Valley to S. Area not defined. Outer rampart and 40m of inner rampart survive as visible feature partly to E in pasture field. The ditch forms part of the property boundary between two fields. Steep drop from possible line of inner rampart and ditch. There is an entrance to the S which shows as gaps between all three ramparts. Not recorded on the OS 1st edition map. Exact location not determined and estimated. No further details.

Continuous ploughing has mostly destroyed the site to a cropmark, but part still visible.

Formerly arable, now part of Higher Level Stewardship Scheme under pasture and stable as a result.

Large, level terrain, triple banked and ditched enclosure, showing mostly as cropmark in arable field and located on an elevated level plateau at E end of a ridge overlooking the Monnow Valley to S.

Excavated, inland promontory fort located on a SSE-facing spur above the River Dore in the Golden Valley. Internal area 1.7ha. Single massive rampart curving from NW-NE with outer ditch; scarping with a berm to the W and S. On Taylor's 1754 map. Precipitous with no defences from NE. Possibility of at least a further inner rampart suggested by excavations of Gavin Robinson et al 1932-37, but removed by agriculture operations in the early 19th century. The E end of the rampart stops c. 20m from the scarp edge and it it here that there was possibly an entrance. Part of the NE and SW sectors have no ramparts. W end of rampart and scarp and berm lies in a wood, otherwise pasture. Evidence of Roman occupation. W end of main rampart, scarp slope and berm lie in woodland. Otherwise pasture. Management since the 1980's has improved a severe erosion problem of the rampart. These measures have included cessation of past ploughing and stock control. On 1st Ed. OS map (1888).

Management in 1980's has halted deterioration. W end of main rampart, scarp slope and berm lie in woodland. Rest of rampart has scattered beech trees capable of windthrow. Some animal erosion.

W end of main rampart, scarp slope and berm lie in woodland. Otherwise pasture.

Inland promontory fort, the single massive rampart cutting off the promontory spur and sited above the River Dore in the Golden Valley.

Evidence of Roman occupation. Iron Age pottery, but that in Roman level greater than earlier layers. Thus evidence of Roman occupation. Site evacuated sometime during the 2nd century AD (Marshall, 1934).

Contour hillfort located on a prominent spur opposite and below Croft Ambrey (Atlas No 0012) on a significant bend of the River Lugg. Internal area 2.4ha. Double ramparts visible with medial ditch. Outer rampart smaller than inner and mostly not visible. Outer ditch and counterscarp impressive on W but damaged or gone on the SE. Replaced by berm on steep slope to the N. Inner bank of the inner rampart also destroyed. Interior steep with no sign of hut platforms, but possible sites in quarry scoops behind rampart. Only definite original entrance is at the NE corner with inturn and approached by a trackway with covering rampart on its N side. That to SW also likely to be original. Wooded and site generally in poor condition, especially through timber operations. Its location near Croft Ambrey may be significant. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map 1886.

Timber operations have damaged the site and generally in poor condition, with loss of ramparts in part around the circuit.

Site roughly follows the contours. Located on a prominent spur below Croft Ambrey, above a very significant bend of the River Lugg.

Large, multivallate, contour hillfort located on a small flat-topped knoll on very moderate slopes at the confluence of Holly and Humber Brooks and above the confluence of the Rivers Lugg and Arrow. Internal area 3.4ha and footprint 11.3ha. Widely-spaced ramparts on the E side may be later cultivation terraces or lynchets. On the W the rampart is a dry-built stone wall faced externally. Roman pottery found. The site is in fairly good condition and has been cultivated as an orchard for many years. Now part of management agreements which should assist in the preservation of the site and alleviate problems. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map 1886.

In fairly good condition despite the trees. Now part of management agreements which should assist in the preservation of the site and alleviate problems.

Wooded ramparts. The interior is part orchard and has been so for many years.

Site follows the contours. Located at the confluence of Holly and Humber Brooks.

Interesting location on the edge of Holly Brook on small flat-topped knoll, possibly artificially levelled.

Visited by Leland in the 16th century, when a possible castle was visible, what was once a fine, large, partial contour hillfort, with single bank and ditch, now eroded to a steep scarp with a terrace at its foot, emphasising the monumentality of the site. Internal area 11.5ha. Initial occupation probably under the existing bank and protected by a palisade. Salvage excavations by Kenyon between 1948-51 suggested that the first rampart was built up from a v-shaped ditch of 32m width and 15m high, and burial found in the make-up. After an interval, the bank was raised during the c. 1st century BC and a hurried and incomplete fortification followed. The fort was attacked and captured by the Romans c. AD 75 - many defenders killed and bodies thrown into the ditch; some decapitated. Very many finds of human and animal bone, Iron Age and Roman pottery, loom weights, spindle whorls and weaving combs and cheek-pieces of bridles, glass objects and iron and bronze working in general, all show that here was a thriving farming community. The first occupation was early in the 1st century BC, and lasted until the 4th century AD. The site has been poorly treated, large-scale quarrying beginning in 1935 and c. 25% of the W end has been quarried away to a depth of 6m and subsequently used as a toxic waste dump. Antiquarian visits and interest. On 1st Ed OS map 1887.

The detailed excavations of Kenyon are reliable.

A quarter of the W part of the interior destroyed by quarrying, beginning in 1935 to a depth of 6m and then used as a toxic waste dump, finishing in the 1980's. The ramparts are eroded and the site is continuing to deteriorate. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

About 25% of the W part of the site has been used as a quarry and toxic waste dump. The remaining 75% is down to pasture.

The elongated E to W, site follows the 100m contour to the E dipping to the W at the W end. Located on a low, but prominent, hill overlooking the River Lugg.

The first occupation was early in the 1st century BC, and lasted until the 4th century AD. Evidence comes from excavation and artefacts, particularly pottery.

Possible. Kenyon suggested pre-rampart timber palisade.

Wooded, univallate, contour hillfort located in Timberline Wood on a significant SE spur above the River Dore and Golden Valley on the SW and the River Wye on the NW. Internal area 2ha. Site roughly follows the contours of the hill and has two simple entrances, one to the N is original and inturned, but that on SW may be modern. Cobbled paving found in former in 1952. Trial excavations in 1932 and 1952 revealed little about the structure of the fort, albeit some Romano-British pottery on occupation layers and a spearhead in the silt infill of the ditch found. Section across the rampart near the presumed N entrance suggested a rampart some 5.6m high, with possible revetment to the inside face, and ditch, latter surviving on W, N and E sides. Berm 4m wide from the SE to SW. Survey by Herefordshire Council in 2012 suggested that the crest of the bank now around 3m above the infilled exterior ditch and questioned whether the earlier 5.6m was accurate. Despite the wooded and damaged nature of the site, much can be ascertained. A private track runs through the site from N to S. No management at present.

Despite the wooded and damaged nature of the site, much can be ascertained. A private track runs through the site from N to S. No management at present.

Deciduous woodland (oak, ask with some sweet chestnut planting in the interior) with dense bramble.

The site roughly follows the contours of the spur. Located in Timberline Wood on a significant SE spur above the River Dore and Golden Valley on the SW and the River Wye on the NW.

The only dating evidence is that of some Romano-British pottery in occupation layers. However, the site could be earlier.

Hillslope fort sited above the Humber Brook and River Lugg on a prominent E-W ridge and consisting of three scarp slopes, Uphampton has long had a query over its existence as a hillfort. Mentioned in Camden's Britannia (ed. Gough Vol 3), but with no real evidence of a 'camp'. However, now generally considered that there are possible earthworks of an Iron Age hillfort that has either been nearly ploughed-out or possibly unfinished; probably the former. Area not defined. As a result, low banks, averaging 3m in height, now only visible as terraces on the N slope of the hill, but no ditch is visible. No evidence on S side and, as result,suggested that the site is unfinished. Possible that relict banks have been used as field boundaries. Now virtually destroyed. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1886).

Hillslope fort sited on slopes above the Humber Brook and River Lugg on a prominent E-W ridge.

EN0034 Wall Hills Camp, Ledbury, Herefordshire

Wall Hills Camp, Ledbury, Herefordshire (Wall Hills, Ledbury)

Isolated, large, multivallate, partial contour hillfort located on a knoll summit of Wall Hills overlooking the upper reaches of the River Leadon to the E and the valley of Preston Brook to the W. Internal area 10.1ha. The site is characterised by having two enclosures, that to the S being c. 6m higher and separated from the N enclosure by a rampart and a wet outer ditch. There is a counterscarp bank. There is a small bank running down the hill from the SE angle and a probable ditch with a high steep inner scarp and outer rampart following the natural contours ran around the outer perimeter of the fort. The ditch is filled and resembles a berm for much of its length. The outer rampart is also fragmentary. There are four entrances, one probably modern. Iron Age and Roman-British pottery and bronze Roman coins found on site. The site has access problems, and management agreements in the 1980's and 1990's resulted in tree thinning and coppicing of rampart trees. Damage to the site, including dumping, trackwork and grading resulted in repairs completed in 2011. On 1st Ed OS map (1887).

Affected by development and trees on ramparts. Conservation issues continue with access problems. Management agreements in the 1980's and 1990's resulted in tree thinning and coppicing of rampart trees. Damage to the site, including dumping, trackwork and grading resulted in repairs completed in 2011. The outer bank is fragmentary and ditch filled in. Deep ploughed during WWII, but it appears that ploughing ceased in the 1970's.

General arable and pasture. Some wood on ramparts.

Isolated, large, partial contour fort, with two enclosures, that to the S c. 6m higher than that to the N and located on a knoll overlooking the upper reaches of the River Leadon and the valley of Preston Brook to the W.

Possible Iron Age to Romano-British occupation, as following chance finds recorded: fragments of dark grey/black ware, similar to that from British Camp (Atlas No 0005) and light red ware, similar to that from Sutton Walls (Atlas No 0031). Some Romano-British sherds. Some Romano-British sherds. A number of flint flakes.

Possible, although the finding of flint flakes does not necessarily indicate pre-hillfort activity.

Large contour hillfort located on moderate slopes overlooking the Kyre Brook to the N and W and the headwaters of the River Frome to the S and W on the interfluve between the Rivers Wye and Severn catchments. Irregular oval in shape, with internal area 9ha. Single, massive, rampart and scarping gives height and rises to 12.5m above the ditch to the E, which also has a low counterscarp bank of up to 1.2m. An outer ditch remains on the N and E sides. Internal quarry scoops. Four entrances, but only the SE definitely original; that on NW possible, but others probably modern on the NE and SW. General decline in condition due to animal erosion, scrub (on nearly three-quarters of the rampart) and cultivation. Area divided into three fields and in multiple (3) ownership. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015). There are lynchets outside to the SW. Deterioration due to lack of management. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1886).

General decline in condition due to animal erosion, scrub (on nearly three-quarters of the rampart) and cultivation. Area divided into three fields and in multiple (3) ownership. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

Site follows the contours on hill summit. Large site on hill summit overlooking the Kyre Brook to the N and W and the headwaters of the River Frome to the S and W.

Prominent, roughly circular, triple-banked, contour hillfort located at confluence of the Rivers Honddu and Monnow and near the confluence of the River Dore and Monnow. Internal area c. 1.77ha. Possible external ditch in places. Outer and inner ramparts higher than middle. The inner rampart is strong and up to 3.2m above the ditch bottom, with a counterscarp to 2.6m above ground level. Part of outer bank removed in NE and outside the fort quarrying. There are two simple entrances to the SW and NE. Part of outer bank on NE destroyed by farmyard works. This area and N part of three ramparts in different ownership to rest where fencing affects site. Open woodland, garden and shrubs also on parts of fort. Access problems. Outside the fort quarrying. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1887).

Part of outer bank on NE destroyed by farmyard works. This area and N part of three ramparts in different ownership to rest where fencing affects site. Affected by open woodland, garden and shrubs also on parts of fort. Access problems. Outside the fort quarrying.

Woodland, rough grass, farmyard and developments on site.

Site roughly follows the contours in a circle. Prominent site at the confluence of the Rivers Honddu and Monnow

Large, triangular, contour hillfort located on the wooded summit of Wapley Hill overlooking the River Lugg and Hindwell Brook confluence and River Arrow to the S. Triangular asymetric enclosure measuring 420m by 200m, with internal area c. 5.4ha. Defences from the valley below look massive with three banks on the E and W and two scarps on the N. Two banks appear 7m-8m high with berm on outer. Two original entrances to the N and S two others to E and W modern. There are three pillow mounds in the interior and three others outside. Ridge and furrow in interior. Most of site, apart from the outer N rampart, under Forestry Commission ownership. Scrub clearance and bracken and bramble control in Forestry Commission area undertaken through management agreement since 2004, including removal of conifers. Possible harvesting problems in N part of site. Conjecture of reuse by Owain Glyndwr. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1886).

Most of site, apart from the outer N rampart,under Forestry Commission ownership. Scrub clearance and bracken and bramble control in Forestry Commission area undertaken through management agreement since 2004, including removal of conifers. Possible harvesting problems in N part of site.

Part of N rampart under commercial conifer plantation.

Site roughly follows the contours. Large isolated hillfort located on the wooded summit of Wapley Hill.

Hillslope fort overlooking a stream above Holly Brook, a tributary of the River Lugg. Internal area c. 0.4ha. Severely affected by agriculture, the rampart being ploughed-out (or unfinished) on the NE; the ditch also. Only the SW part of the site remains. Here on the NW side there is a two scarp slope visible with inter-spaced berm, with remnants to the W and S. The whole of the NE end destroyed or never completed. Within the enclosure is a slight E to W cross scarp. Interior severely affected by ploughing and much of the earthworks lost. A management agreement is now in force to revert the cultivated interior to pasture. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1886).

Interior severely affected by ploughing and much of the earthworks lost. A management agreement is now in force to revert the cultivated interior to pasture.

Hillslope fort located on spur end overlooking a stream above Holly Brook, a tributary of the River Lugg.

Site now destroyed by quarry and mining, but on the OS 1st Ed map (1885-1900). Formerly located on one of the three summits of the Clees (Abdon, Brown and Titterstone) that dominate SE Shropshire. High, steep and prominent Abdon Burf overlooked the valleys of the River Corve to the W and the River Rea/Rea Brooks to the E. Small excavations by C.H. Hartshorne 1840 and rescue excavation in advance of quarrying by G.R. Harding-Webster 1929-30. Former found rampart 19.8m wide at base, 2.4m wide at top and 3.6m high above interior, with large number (44) of stone circles, now identified as possible bell-pits. Latter excavation found entrance (on E?) to be inturned with outworks, possibly remodelled on more than one occasion, with single ditch defence and a possible hut circle at E entrance. Features examined in the interior probably remnants of coal working, but with no dating evidence. Coal and ironstone working from late 19th century destroyed the site and now just moor and heath.

Irreconciled issues

Issues remain as a result of destruction of site.

Confirmed as hillfort despite destruction.

Destroyed by quarrying and mining. Now moorland and heath vegetation. SSSI.

Fort destroyed by quarrying and mining. Formerly the site probably followed the contours. Formerly on one of the three summits of the Clees (Abdon, Brown and Titterstone) that dominate SE Shropshire. High, steep and prominent Abdon Burf overlooked the valleys of the River Corve to the W and the River Rea/Rea Brooks to the E.

Probably an Iron Age site, but this is conjecture. No dating evidence from excavations.

Located on moderate slopes above the River Onny and valleys to the N where the Onny valley opens out into the lower lying valley of the Camlad/Onny headwaters. Also at the confluence of the East and West Onny's in an area of prominent hillforts. Enclosed by a rampart, ditch and counterscarp, some 200m by 120m, with internal area 1.72ha. Rampart is ploughed down to c. 1m above interior and 5m to the bottom of the ditch, with the counterscarp rising to 1.2m above the ditch. The E and far S sides only have a scarp slope in evidence. A break of slope along the top of the rampart to the N and W could either be later 20th century ploughing, the remnants of a post-medieval hedge bank or possibly a late phase of the defences. The entrance to the NE, next to a steep natural slope, is probably original, as is that to the W, though widened. Some chance finds of Samian ware fragments and black ware found before 1958. The rampart edge to the N and E and outside the fort under long term woodland. History of ploughing, but interior and elsewhere now under permanent pasture.The site is under management agreements and its condition is improving. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Since the 1980's the cultivated interior and fields to the S and N have been managed under permanent pasture and management agreements, with scrub and tree growth clearance.

The rampart edge to the N and E and outside the fort under long term woodland. History of ploughing but interior and elsewhere now under permanent pasture.

Located on hill top above the River Onny and valleys to the N where the Onny valley opens out into the lower lying valley of the Camlad/Onny headwaters. Also at the confluence of the East and West Onny's in an area of prominent hillforts.

Chance finds of small fragments of Samian ware and black ware found before 1958 suggest some Romano-British or Roman activity. Otherwise the site is probably of late Iron Age date, but this is conjecture.

Small multivallate hillfort on fairly steep sloping site located on a cliff edge to the N and close to Llanymynech Hill fort (Atlas No 0071). Double ramparts at the N end of the site and covered by additional outwork, but single bank and ditch to the E and W running parallel to the the scarp of the hill for c. 90 m, the ends turning at right angles to meet the scarp. Possible multiple ramparts on the S side, but now obscured by dense mixed wood planting. Offa's Dyke appears to have been incorporated in the W side rampart. The ditches are very variable. Generally upstanding, but fencing located on the W rampart. Undated. On 1st Ed. OS map (1875).

Generally upstanding, but fencing located on the W rampart.

Woodland and scrub with dense planting of mixed wood to S.

Steeply sloping hillside site between 210-225 m O.D. Sited on a cliff edge to the N of Llanymynech Hill.

Part in Shropshire and part in Wales (Powys).

Small, wooded, contour hillfort located on a steep-sided spur above the River Unk at a stream confluence. Measures 0.25ha internal area. Bank is of earth and stone, the top level with the interior and varies in height from c. 0.5m to 1.7m on the N to its highest at 1.5m to 2.4m on the S and SW. The E side has been formed by artificially accentuating the line of the spur with no bank and ditch. The external ditch, which surrounded the interior except on the E, has been filled in and buried and probably destroyed by the road on the N part of the W side. The line of the ditch can be seen as a slight terrace on S. The entrance is unclear, but possibly located to the N. Late 20th century site part planted with conifers and colonised by secondary wood and now ramparts totally wooded and W side affected by a road. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Ramparts and interior wooded with gradual scrub control by owner during the past decade. A road impinges on the W rampart and ditch.

Late 20th C site part planted with conifers and colonised by secondary wood. Road impinges on the W side.

Classified as a promontory fort by the VCH (1908). However, it does not just cut off the promontory but has earthworks around all sides of the circuit, roughly following the contours. Sited on the SE end of a steep-sided spur summit above the River Unk at a stream confluence.

Outstanding, small, inland promontory fort located in a superb position on the summit of Bodbury Hill commanding the Cardingmill Valley and access into the Long Mynd, with precipitous slopes on all side but the N. Measures 0.49ha internal area. Single rampart rising to nearly 2m from the interior, and dropping between c. 5m-6m+ to the deep surrounding ditch, which continues around the headland as a berm of c. 2m width. A simple entrance crosses the N bank at its E end. The bank was possibly originally a cross-dyke cutting off the spur, with the entrance cut later in prehistory and the slopes scarped to form the present enclosure. The scarping with berm emphasises the monumentality of the site. Tumulus to the NE of the site. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Repairs were undertaken 1986-7, 1992 by National Trust and stock reduced over the past decade. To a degree latter resulted in increased bracken encroachment.

Good pasture, but best seen in winter as badly affected by bracken.

Good example of an inland promontory fort. Located on the promontory summit of Bodbury Hill, with precipitous slopes above the Cardingmill Valley and access into the Long Mynd.

Promontory above the Cardingmill Valley.

The site could have had late Bronze Age origins, the N bank possibly originally a late Bronze Age cross-dyke later incorporated into the hillfort in the Iron Age.

Possible hillslope fort with earthworks difficult to interpret, located on the NE slopes of Bulthy Hill to the NW of Middletown Hill and one of the five hillforts of the Breidden Hills sited above the River Severn. Has been called a natural feature, but a possible bank and ditch are visible on aerial photographs on the E side, although difficult to see on the ground apart from a possible break of slope. A possible enhanced gully on the W side may be defences and a slight change of slope to the S may also be defences. The precipitous N appears to have no ramparts. Managed rough grassland and heath. Some erosion. Undated.

Open access with some erosion from quad bikes and animals, but defences difficult to interpret.

Possible hillslope fort located on the NE slopes of Bulthy Hill to the NW of Middletown Hill and one of the five hillforts of the Breidden Hills sited above the River Severn.

Possible contour hillfort occupying one of highest points of the former medieval Mogg Forest, but on a low hill with very indefinite defences. Although could be an enclosure associated with a medieval hunting lodge, it does have very early hillfort credentials and could possibly have been abandoned. Defined by scarp slope c. 1.6m high, with steep natural slope on the SW. The NW end encloses a natural knoll and here there are traces of an external ditch. The apparent ditch to the SE could be a natural gully. Fort planted with conifers in the first half of the last century, but these have now been cleared with subsequent scrub and bracken regeneration, although plantation surrounds the site. Now the subject of National Trust management. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Although could be an enclosure associated with a medieval hunting lodge, it does have very early hillfort credentials and could possibly have been abandoned.

Indefinite defences, with scarp and traces of ditch. The site is the subject of National Trust management.

The site was planted with conifers in the first half of the last century but these have now been cleared with subsequent heath, scrub and bracken regeneration. Plantation surrounds the site.

Site follows the contours. Occupying one of the highest points in the former medieval Mogg Forest, but on a low hill.

Fine, very steep and prominent, partial contour hillfort located on summit of Burrow Hill near to the confluence of the Rivers Clun and Kemp, in an area of clusters of prominent hillforts. Measures 3.2ha internally. Three massive ramparts in evidence, apart from at the NW where a single rampart and ditch with counterscarp defend the steepest side. Use made of natural outcrops enhance and included in the circuit in the NW sector and on the S side. Three fine probably original entrances. Evidence of c. 20 hut platforms in the SE and NW quadrants. Possible earlier smaller multivallate fort on the highest point as bank runs across hill and site clearly enlarged and strengthened. Small excavation in centre of site by Toller 1978 (unpublished), with evidence of it still remaining on site and trench not filled. Investigation of hut revealed a rock-cut platform and at least two circular hut gullies and postholes. Bracken management and aerial spraying have revealed hut platforms. Finds of 'duck-stamped' pottery of c. 100 BC. Also form, line, contour and resistivity surveys. One of the few sites in the Welsh Marches that has a water supply (spring) on site. Pasture and mature oaks, fine and well preserved, but slopes below tree-covered. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Bracken management and aerial spraying have revealed hut platforms.

Pasture and mature oaks, fine and well preserved, but slopes below tree-covered.

Undulating site generally following the contours. Located on the summit of Burrow Hill near to the confluence of the Rivers Clun and Kemp, in an area of clusters of prominent hillforts.

Excavation found 'duck-stamped' pottery of c. 100 BC. A mortarium rim was found outside the rampart could also indicate Romano-British or Roman interest.

Well preserved and accessible, partial contour hillfort located above valley of the River Clun to S, valley of River Kemp to N and confluence of Rivers Clun and Unk to SW. The site dominates the landscape in all directions in an area of prominent hillforts. Called by Watson (2002, 21) one of the finest hillforts in Britain. Roughly oval in shape, with internal area c. 2,2ha, with up to five massive ramparts up to 7m in height on the N side where the slopes are less steep; each with an outer ditch. Possible quarry scoops in the interior of the innermost rampart. On the S and E sides there are two ramparts with medial ditch where the slopes are steeper. Perhaps the most impressive feature of the hillfort are the two original entrances; opposite to each other on the NE and SW. The former is a classic example of an inturned entrance, the inner rampart and the second rampart on the N side turning inwards on either side to create a passageway 40m in length. The SW entrance is 'staggered' with the N ramparts overlapping those curving from the S to give a 90m overlooked passageway. Public access and managed and interpreted by Forestry Commission. Rough pasture interior and banks. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Tree cover removed by storm and clearance by 1981, now pasture and well preserved, Some visitor erosion. FC management of regenerating scrub, saplings and bracken.

Managed grassland. Slopes below tree covered. Possible warrener's lodge platform.

Interior slopes gently to the SW corner. Sited on Sunnyhill above the valley of the River Clun to the S, the valley of the River Kemp to the N and the confluence of the Rivers Clun and Unk to the SW.

Large, isolated and major, part multivallate, contour hillfort located on a sandstone ridge with wooded slopes overlooking the plain of the River Roden. Internal area c. 8.8ha. Single rampart built on the steepest S, E and W slopes and double ramparts and ditches on the less steep N edge of the hill. In places inner bank 11.6m high. Quarry ditches and evidence of roundhouses. Ditch cutting across site may be an earlier rampart to smaller enclosure. Rubble walled rectangular building (Roman temple?) at the S end of the central ridge excavated in the 1930's, with a room 4.5m by 8.75m internally and a smaller part-paved, possible annexe to the N. Also possible hearths in interior (Morris, 1932). Possible quern and iron object found in 1930's excavations. Excavation in 1932 and topographical and geophysical survey 1999-2000. Formerly cultivated interior, the site is now well managed. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Interior taken out of cultivation in the 1990's. Site now in good private management. 15-20 m buffer strip to ramparts in field to the N side. Area of site to the W in separate ownership.

Tree-covered slopes and part-wooded defences especially on the N, S and W ramparts. Holly scrub and bracken. Grazed areas within wooded areas. Past history of ploughing.

Situated on a sandstone ridge, with wooded slopes overlooking the plain of the River Roden.

Probable late Iron Age site based on morphology, but possible evidence of Roman activity as rectangular building (Roman temple?) excavated in the 1930's.

Caer Caradoc, Chapel Lawn; Gaer Ditches

Caer Caradoc, Clun, Shropshire (Caer Caradoc, Chapel Lawn; Gaer Ditches)

Fine, partial contour hillfort located on a spur overlooking the River Redlake, with the Rivers Clun to the N and Teme to the S. Tilted towards the valley of the Redlake. Measures 375m ENE-WSW by 120m transversely at E end widening to maximum of 185m towards the W end, with internal area c. 2.7ha. Defined by two banks and ditches for most of circuit, but outer bank absent on the S where there is a counterscarp, and on the W a third bank and ditch is separated from second ditch by a level space giving added protection to the S flank of the entrance. The ramparts have broad flat tops. Entrances to E and W, both inturned. The slightly staggered W entrance, on the accessible side, is heavily defended by massive widely-spaced curving ramparts up to 7m high from base of a rock-cut ditch. E entrance more simply constructed and gives out onto a narrow ridge with steep natural slopes. Possible minor offset entrance with causeway to the N across the outer ditch. About six hut platforms near the E end. Phased construction of dry-stone wall faced ramparts of flat siltstone flags, later heightened and widened by dump construction. Inner quarry ditch in parts and evidence of hut sites sheltering in the lee of the rampart. Pasture with gorse scrub in the interior. Few investigations for such a major site. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Well preserved hillfort with some stock erosion, but gorse in interior which has increased in the past 20 years poses management problems. Successful 1995 erosion repairs at W entrance.

Very good example of a partial contour fort, being tilted towards the valley of the River Redlake to the NE. Superbly sited on a spur overlooking the River Redlake with the Rivers Clun to the N and Teme to the S.

Probably an Iron Age site, but evidence of earlier activity as Neolithic/Bronze Age worked flints and scrapers found.

Neolithic/Bronze Age worked flints and scrapers.

EN0050 Caer Caradoc, Church Stretton, Shropshire

Fine and prominent craggy hillfort on steep ridge of Caer Caradoc Hill. Commanding site. Precipitous slopes, apart from at the NE and SW sides. Measures c. 380m long NE-SW and 70m across falling 30m from N to S, with internal area 2.6ha. Strategically site to command the pass through the Church Stretton valley. Main inner scarped rampart (formerly a stone wall?) follows the crest of the slopes and uses natural rock on SE. 25m from this is an outer additional bank for most of the circuit constructed from an internal quarry ditch. Third bank on shallower S side. Inner rampart 12m wide and up to 1.7 min height. The outer rampart is 10m below around the N part of the site, 10m wide and 0.5m high and with an internal ditch 0.5m deep. The ditch reappears at the SW end with the third rampart to the SW. Fine inturned entrance on the E side with an engineered terraceway running obliquely down the hillside and probably forming the access route to the site, as it does today. Recessed guard chamber on S side. Small terraces and building platforms visible in the SE. Interior divisions may mark zoning in the interior. Good example of a hillfort commanding a pass through the hillls. Few investigations for such a major site. Heath and rough upland grazing. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Popular site for recreation with path erosion on N and S ramparts and deep erosion scar below rock outcrops N of the entrance, but generally on good condition.

Hill top heath and rough grazing with bare rocky outcrops. SSSI.

High, prominent and craggy partial contour fort, some 380m long, and falling 30m from N to S and located on the steep ridge of Caer Caradoc Hill.

Perhaps the best example of an inland promontory fort in Shropshire, Caerbre is located on E-facing slopes of a N to S ridge of a very steep rocky spur above a sharp bend of the River Camlad and opposite to Calcot Camp (Atlas No 0053), with which it is sometimes confused. Internal area c. 2.5ha. The S is bounded on the E and SW by steep and rocky cliffs falling c. 100m to the river. A massive earth and stone rampart cuts off the promontory on the E and NE, some 14m wide and up to 1.7m high internally and standing 4.5m above an outer ditch 8m wide and 1.2m deep. The rampart stops abruptly at the S end at the edge of the natural slope, and it is here that the entrance was located. To the N the rampart fades out at the natural slopes, or may not have been completed. The E half of the site was is less steep and may have been the site for settlement, but there is no evidence for this. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Probably the best defined promontory fort in Shropshire. Located on E-facing slopes of a N to S ridge of a very steep promontory above a sharp bend of the River Camlad.

Univallate, contour, hillfort located in the Clun Forest in commanding position on prominent hill above Folly Brook and between its confluence with the River Clun and the Kerry Ridgeway. In an area of small hillforts. The slopes are gentle to the N and E, steeper elsewhere. Internal area c. 0.88ha. A bank and outer ditch of earth and stone, both reduced by ploughing, surround the site. Ditch to 0.2m deep to S and on NW side a steep rock-cut face is visible. The original entrance is on the E side at 4m wide, that on to the NW is later. In the interior are level platforms, some partly cut into the slope. Major interest is an external field boundary with external ditch running from E side of fort and then NW for some 450m. Built of earth and stone in short straight lengths, it is contemporary with the enclosure and has a gap at its S end where a 10m causeway crosses the ditch with a gap in the bank. A hollow way from this gap extends to the hillfort entrance and was clearly used in prehistory. A further shallow ditch to the SE is also contemporary, but associated ridge and furrow is probably medieval. Under pasture. Successful earthwork repairs. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Contour hillfort located on prominent hill above Folly Brook and above its confluence with the River Clun.

Partial contour hillfort sited on very steep wooded spur some 100m above bend of River Camlad and opposite to Caerbre hillfort (Atlas No 0051). Calcot often called 'Caerbre' and this has led to much confusion in past as to which hillfort is being referred to, as in the Victoria County History of 1908. Calcot, however, is located on W side of the river, and has been much eaten into on SW by buildings of Calcot Farm. Internal area c. 1.4ha. Slopes very steep to river on E and N and here ramparts form steep scarp, mutilated in places to S. Appears that hillfort of phased construction, Phase I being roughly rectangular site c. 130m by 120m and possibly enclosing c. 1.4ha, including the summit of the spur (now occupied by a water tank) and the gently sloping E slopes, and with a NW entrance. Later, in Phase II, site extended, seemingly with two lines of bank and ditch near to entrance, which may have been remodelled with passageway and inturns. Possible evidence of slight ditch to S. Site suffered greatly from farming operations and generally, but at the join between the S and E circuit, a modern field road has exposed the bank to be of dump construction of earth with a few stones. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Much affected by Calcot Farm, which has destroyed areas to the SW in particular, but also on the E side. Modern field road cuts through the bank where the S and E circuits join. Water tank occupies the highest point.

Partial contour fort sited on a very steep wooded spur some 100m above a bend of the River Camlad and opposite to Caerbre.

A very steep wooded spur some 100m above a bend of the River Camlad.

Small, multivallate, contour fort, roughly triangular in plan, located on the isolated Callow Hill overlooking the Rea Brook to the N and one of several sites below the dominant Earl's Hill fort surmounting Pontesford Hill. Internal area c. 0.38ha. The slopes are steep on the E and W sides, with a deep ravine on the S, but less steep to the N which has been extensively quarried. There are two principal ramparts separated by a ditch, the outer faces of the ramparts surviving as scarps following the contours. This ditch has been largely filled, but survives as a buried feature. On the NW an outer ditch with external rampart survives and this is similar on the S, but with a terrace or infilled ditch. The E ramparts almost gone, otherwise the condition is essentially good. However, the site is noted for vandalism, which has involved the illegal construction of ramps for BMX/mountain bikes defacing the ditch and middle rampart. There is an excavation trench on the N side (no further details). The original entrance was via a causeway at the NE corner. The site is the supposed location of a medieval Callow Castle, but no trace remains if it existed at all. Covered by scrub and bracken and regenerative oak coppice. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Affected by development, mountain bikes and general vandalism since 1981. On Heritage at Risk Register (2015).

The fort is covered by scrub and bracken and regenerative oak coppice.

The ramparts follow the contours. A small multivallate fort, roughly triangular in plan, located on the isolated Callow Hill overlooking the Rea Brook to the north and one of several sites below the dominent Earl's Hill fort surmounting Pontesford Hill.

Small, univallate, hillslope fort located on steep SE-facing slopes opposite to The Fron fort at Newcastle on Clun, and at the confluence of Folly Brook and the River Clun in an area of small hillforts. Overlooked from the W. The site is nearly circular in plan, measuring 100m by 108m, with internal area c. 0.35ha. The bank reaches up to 1m in height and 10m on the W, where it is best preserved, with an outer ditch 6m wide and 0.5m deep. Elsewhere it is reduced to an outward facing scarp with no ditch visible, although this is now probably a buried feature. Both the bank and the ditch have been subject to ploughing and to the E the former has been mostly levelled. Building platforms have been recorded in the interior and the site has been well managed for decades. Ridge and furrow in the pasture interior. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Vehicle erosion in the past, but under good management for decades.

Hillslope fort sited on SE slopes of Castle Idris. Located on a shelf of steep E-facing slopes of Castle Idris hill at the confluence of Folly Brook and the River Clun.

Isolated, univallate, contour hillfort roughly oval in shape and sited on a knoll on the interfluve overlooking the confluence of the River Camlad and Aylesford Brook and valley of the Rea Brook to the NE and Hope Valley to the E. Internal area c. 0.98ha. The rampart is now just a break of slope over much of circuit and possibly robbed in the post-medieval period to form adjacent hedge banks. There are steep slopes to the S and W in particular, but level or undulating to the N. There is an inturned NE entrance and here the bank rises above the interior level. There is a probable clearance cairn outside the entrance, probably robbed from the ramparts. There are no obvious interior features. The site has been deteriorating as bracken and gorse clearance have stopped. Pasture and gorse scrub now covers over nearly three-quarters of the site. Bracken is a problem. Undated. On 1st Ed. OS map (1885-1900).

The site has nearly been levelled. Former management of bracken and gorse scrub ceased and now deterioration in condition.

Pasture and gorse scrub now covers over nearly three-quarters of the site. Bracken is a problem.

Site follows the contours. Sited on a knoll on the interfluve overlooking the confluence of the River Camlad and Aylesford Brook and valley of the Rea Brook to the NE and Hope Valley to the E

Small inland promontory fort, Castle Ring often referred to as defended Iron Age farmstead, but, despite it small size, occupies strong defensive position, with substantial defences on marked Ridgeway Hill above, and SW of, bend of River Onny at the edge of Plowden Woods and in an area of prominent hillforts. The site is roughly triangular in shape measuring 74m by 60m, with internal area c. 0.1ha. Maximum use made of the natural topography with minimum use made of artificial defences. To the W and NW are precipitous slopes, requiring no defence, whilst on the lesser slopes of the NE and SE are substantial earthworks sited roughly at right-angles to each other. The N rampart is better preserved and rises to 2m on its outer face; that to the S being ploughed-down and dispersed and rising to only 0.5m. The ditches are now only traces in places, most being now buried features. Gaps on the NW and SW may possibly be original entrances, the latter more difficult to interpret. Most of the site is down to arable cultivation. Undated. On 1st Ed. OS map (1885-1900).

Has been called a defensive Iron Age farmstead in past.

Inland promontory fort, Castle Ring often referred to as defended Iron Age farmstead, but, despite it small size, occupies strong defensive position, with substantial defences on marked Ridgeway Hill above, and SW of, bend of River Onny at the edge of Plowden Woods and in an area of prominent hillforts.

Marked promontory above the River Onny.

High and steep, contour hillfort located at N end of Stiperstones on Oak Hill and looking across the valley of the Rea Brook towards the Severn valley. Roughly triangular with internal area c. 3.8ha. The defences enhance the superb defensive topography of the hill. There is a single bank on across the ridge the S side, the natural approach along the ridge, 8m wide and up to 3.5m above an outer ditch 5m wide and 1.2m deep. On the W and N the natural defences of precipitous slopes are strengthened by an artificial steep scarp slope 3m high and outer berm 3m wide, which enhances the monumentality of the site. The slightly inturned off-set entrance is midway along the S rampart. Management has been good on the site for decades and it is in good order. Heather moor and heath with bracken. Undated. On 1st Ed. OS map (1885-1900).

Although the S side has the promontory cut off by a rampart, steep natural defences on W and N have artificial strengthening, therefore site classified as contour hillfort. Located on high steep site spur at N end of Stiperstones looking across the valley of Rea Brook towards Severn valley.

Possible, univallate, contour hillfort situated at the junction of a W and S spur, at the SW end of Stitt Hill. Jury is still out as to whether the site is a hillfort or not. Overlooked from the N. Internal ara c. 0.92ha. The longest stretch of bank has an outer ditch and follows the contour, however the S stretches of bank could be cross-dykes with ditch on the upslope side. Other dykes lie to the W and SW. Conceivably the site could be what has been called a 'plateau enclosure'. However, it does show many hillfort characteristics. The N side has a bank to 2.1m high, with external ditch and across the S end are three small banks with internal ditches where the slopes are steepest. To the E and west, on the edge of the slope, there are no defences. There is an original NE entrance 12m wide. Ridge and furrow in the interior. Grazing pressure has been reduced and the condition is improving as a result. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Issues remain as to whether the site is a true hillfort or allied to the plateau enclosures of Cunliffe (1991).

Good with reductions in stock numbers improving condition.

Site generally follows the contours. Situated at the junction of a W and S spur, at the SW end of Stitt Hill,

The buried remains of a small, multivallate, probable contour hillfort, with the structural remains of a motte and bailey castle and small medieval town or borough. Site is set on a prominent hill at the SE end of Long Mountain. Internal area c. 3.6ha. The defences are bivallate on the NW and SE and trivallate on the NE and SW, separated by ditches. Two entrances are on the E and W, with some masonry still visible, but there is another possibly on the NE. Within the enclosure the motte (15m high) and bailey castle is defended by double banks and date from about the 11th or 12th centuries, the borough having streets, two gates and two chapels of the same date. Gradiometer survey 2015. Pasture and woodland, but some ash tree colonisation and scrub causing problems to be addressed. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Possible site of hillfort with medieval castle within.

Pasture and woodland, but some ash tree colonisation and scrub causing problems to be addressed. Motte and bailey castle.

Pasture, wood and scrub. Motte and bailey castle.

Fort follows the contours tof hill to its defensive advantage. Set on a prominent hill at the SE end of Long Mountain, overlooking the Rea Brook to the S and E and undulating lowlands to N.

The medieval remains are dated to the 11th and 12th centuries. The hillfort is assumed to be of Iron Age date, but its exact date is unknown.

Oval, contour hillfort located on a small, domed and low hill summit above and overlooking the narrow valley of Ledwyche Brook to the W and Caynham Brook to the N and near to the confluence of the Rivers Teme and Corve at Ludlow. This is a fine example of a univallate fort in good order. On E side impressive, part tree-clad rampart up to 5.5m in height with 4m wide ditch and counterscarp bank. On N side, where slope steepest, rampart slight or missing. Excavation showed three phases of rampart construction: Phase I, the earliest, defences to timber-laced of c. 390 BC, replaced in Phase II by smaller stone revetted bank and later in Phase III by present massive defences. Main entrance fine and inturned, with narrow 3m wide passageway for 40m through the ramparts. Bank at W end of interior crosses from N to S. Probably originally the W extremity of the fort, an extension of the S rampart to W and N constructed to form an annexe. Although entrance gaps to this enclosure exist from main E part of site, there appears to be no obvious entrance into it from the perimeter suggesting that the whole hillfort was used as a complete entity. However, this enclosure was later extended itself to the W to form another annexe, with a bank averaging now 2.1m high. There was a possible original entrance to this from outside the perimeter near the NW corner. Excavation by P.S. Gelling 1957-61 when post-holes and unusual semi-circular possible structures found. General pasture interior with part tree-clad on inner ramparts to the N. Fort is in good condition. On 1st Ed. OS map (1885).

Fine example of a univallate fort in good condition. Management plan for trees in operation with public access footpath and interpretation. Post-medieval quarry in W just beyond the inner rampart. Some erosion on N rampart top exposing dry-stone walling. Pasture and part tree-clad on inner ramparts to the N. Windthrow has occurred in the past. Some fencing on ramparts.

General pasture interior with part tree-clad on inner ramparts to the N. Quarrying.

The rampart follows the contours. Located on a small, domed land ow hill summit above and overlooking the narrow valley of Ledwyche Brook to the W and Caynham Brook to the N, and near to the confluence of the Rivers Teme and Corve at Ludlow.

Excavation by P. Gelling 1957-61 found original timber-laced rampart dated to c. 390 BC of the Phase I hillfort replaced by a smaller stone revetted bank and then in Phase III by the massive earth and stone bank of today. Charcoal from ditch associated with timber-laced rampart. C14 from Gelling excavation.

Large, contour hillfort located within a steep-sided bend at confluence of Stratford Brook and another stream, tributaries of the River Worfe. Defended on N and W by bank and ditch, on NE by rampart on the crest of the slope, and on S by precipitous hillside. Rampart strongest on N, where rises 2m+ above interior and falls some 9m+ to deep 3m ditch. In middle of N side is a simple original entrance, with another, but modern, gap at its E end. A tongue of land at the streams junction to the SE, and separated from the main enclosure by a bank c. 4m+ high, forms an annexe. Interior has been under intensive arable for many years and unlikely to be altered at present. Annexe, banks and slopes are tree covered, undergrowth dense in places. Traces of modern stone wall along the bank, particularly on E side. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Intensive arable in interior with mature woodland on ramparts has damaged the site. Site unlikely to return to pasture in the foreseeable future.

Intensive arable in the interior, with mature woodland with scrub understorey on the ramparts. Scrub and woodland in annexe.

Contour hillfort sited within a steep-sided bend at the confluence of Stratford Brook and another stream, tributaries of the River Worfe.

Steep-sided spur on bend at the confluence of Stratford Brook and another stream,

Largely destroyed, stone-walled, contour hillfort. One of the three forts formerly on the summits of the Clees that dominate SE Shropshire. High and prominent and sited on the rounded summit of Brown Clee Hill at 490m O.D., Clee Burf overlooks the valleys of the River Corve to W and River Rea/Rea Brooks to E, with long views in all directions, apart from the NE where it meets the main mass of Brown Clee. Only remnants of the site left are ragged remains of a stone rampart, now reduced to a stony scarp, for some 100m in length and to 2.7m in height, in the SE quadrant. Elsewhere, site has either been quarried away to the NW or dumped upon by later spoil dumps from quarry and mine. The former quarry and a relay station and masts dominate the summit of the hill. Original site plan can just be discerned and the 1st edition OS 2:500 map of the 1880's shows a generally ovoid fort of some 200m NE to to SW by 165m transversely, but quite strong in character at around 3.6ha. The existing ramparts to the S are hidden below mounds of spoil and to the W, N and E by bell-pits. Bell-pits cover what is left of the interior and no hut placements can be seen. There has been conjecture that the hollows and scrapes that extend around and down the hill and along the ridge to Abdon Burf hillfort (Atlas No 0039) could be traces of hut circles, but this is unlikely and could possibly be the result of searching for coal. Undated.

Nearly lost to quarrying with poor rampart survival as ragged scarp only on the SE. Bell-pits and spoil heaps over existing rampart, in relict interior and surrounds. Quarry taken rest of site to NW.

Moorland and heath on Brown Clee Hill summit. Quarry, spoil heaps.

Possible contour fort but as most of site destroyed this cannot be certain. High and prominent on the rounded summit of Brown Clee Hill, Clee Burf occupies a very prominent location and overlooks the valleys of the River Corve to the W and the River Rea/Rea Brooks to the E.

Stoke St Milborough; Clee St Margaret

Roughly oval, contour hillfort located on steep wooded slopes of an isolated hill above the Afon Cynllaith watercourse and below Llyn Rhuddwyn, measuring c. 140m by 46m, with internal area c. 0.48ha. Steep drops on the N and W. The ramparts of loose stone and small boulders have been generally destroyed and tumbled downslope, but are best on N, W and SE where up to 6m wide. Mutilated remains of a ditch remain on the SW side. To SW there is a possible outer bank where slope is less steep on the lower extension of the ridge. Probably a stone wall site rather than dump construction. A simple break through the rampart on the W near a very steep slope is a possible original entrance. Owned by the MOD, the site has been heavily wooded for many years and show evidence of much later disturbance with buildings, including a now roofless hunting lodge/summerhouse at the highest point. Undated. On 1st Ed OS map (1885-1900).

Part-destroyed and heavily disturbed MOD site with buildings remains, including a roofless 19th century hunting lodge/summerhouse at the highest point, with possibly one to three others. Rampart tumbled and gone apart from on the N and SE.

Contour fort following the contours of a steep isolated hill. Located on steep wooded slopes of an isolated rocky ridge/hill above the Afon Cynllaith watercourse.

Discovered by aerial photography in 1976 (Chris Musson), a hillslope enclosure sited on moderate slopes on a N-S spur above Cwm Colstey. Internal area c. 0.4ha. Defined by simple bank, 9m wide and up to 2m high, with ditch 4m wide and 0.5m deep. Ramparts are most massive on S where the approach is easier. Possible small, earlier or interior, enclosure of c. 0.1 ha has been suggested on W side. On E the bank is discontinuous. Rampart has been truncated on N side by a forestry road, but a possible outer rampart has been suggested here to the N of this track. Quarry pits outside the E rampart undated. Commercial forestry on a former ancient woodland site and heavily overgrown with young saplings. Generally, though damaged, the site is in fair condition. Undated.

May be an upland defended enclosure rather than a true hillfort.

Heavily overgrown with commercial forestry problems and defences truncated on the N by a forestry road and bank concealed by upcast. Quarry pits outside the E rampart undated.

Commercial forestry on a former ancient woodland site and heavily overgrown with young saplings. Forestry road.

A hillslope enclosure on moderate slopes. Sited at the end of a N-S spur above Cwm Colstey with moderate slopes on the E and W and gradual on the N and S.

Partial contour hillfort crowning the steep summit and S slopes of Pontesford Hill with far-reaching views commanding the valleys of the Rea and Cound Brooks. Elongated shape, with internal area c. 2.8ha. A main enclosure, created by cutting into the hillside, has a single flat topped rampart and ditch encloses 1.1ha, apart from on the E where the slope is at its most precipitous, and with a slight counterscarp bank to the NW and upper and lower berms to the W. Evidence of a counterscarp bank on the NW. Simple gap in the rampart on the S, over a causeway/ ditch, reaches a 1.7ha elongated possible annexe or addition to site, defended on the S and W by a bank up to 6m high, with intermittent berm and counterscarp bank and ditch to S corner. As with the main enclosure, E is well-defended by precipitous slopes. Entrance to main enclosure is to the NE, with causeway and terrace cutting into the precipitous hillside, with inturn and out-turns to the banks. Outside the main enclosure to the N are two outworks of ditch and bank, with a further outwork 70m beyond these of substantial banks and inturned entrance to the N. These outworks are undated and the largest has been scheduled as a cross-dyke. This could represent an aborted earlier enclosure or possible enhancements to the vulnerable N side of the hill. Possible hut platforms on E and vitrified material. Evidence of WWII activity. Site in good condition and well managed, with small excavation on summit in 2011. On 1st Ed. OS map (1882).

Good management by Shropshire Wildlife Trust as a nature reserve and well preserved. Some rabbit and visitor erosion.

Upland pasture with bare rock outcrops. Possible WWII emplacement.

Partial contour hillfort occupies prominent hill top and associated ridge, crowning the steep summit and S slopes of Pontesford Hill with far-reaching views commanding the valleys of the Rea and Cound Brooks.

Low-lying lowland hillfort on a slight knoll with the River Severn to the SW and the River Roden to the NE. Now badly affected by wartime works and now a camping and caravan site. Internal area c. 3.8ha. Excavations by Simms 1943 and Stanford 1977 and watching briefs (Hannaford 1997, 1999, 2000). Simms excavated prior to wartime construction, with a trench in SE corner and found traces of a hearth but no finds. Rescue excavations of four small trenches plus a pipe trench surveyed by Stanford in 1977 prior to caravan site developments found no structures and suggested no Roman occupation. Single bank surrounds the site, on SE and SW sides up to c. 2m with an outer ditch. No ditch can be seen on the other sides, but probably existed in prehistory as there appears to be no quarry ditch. Four gaps in ramparts, two in SW sector definitely the result of wartime road construction. Of the other two, on the NE, one may be original, or an original may have been quarried away without record. The large quarry in the NE, taking c. one third of the site of the interior, was started at least by 1841. No structures were found in the excavations, but the possible hearth and VCP (briquetage) suggests Iron Age occupation and contact to the W. Now on, and badly affected by, caravan and camping site and part wooded. On 1st Ed. OS map (1881).

Badly affected by caravan site and part wooded with WWII station. Permissive paths throughout site for campers

A lowland hillfort which follows the contours on a small knoll. Low-lying site on a slight knoll with the River Severn to the SW and the River Roden to the NE.

VCP (briquetage) found in Stanford's excavations suggests date of between the late Bronze Age to the Iron Age for occupation, with no evidence of Roman activity.

Univallate, contour hillfort located on steep slopes, in a situation of great strength, on a knoll at the end of an elevated spur opposite to Castle Idris fort (Atlas No 0055) at Newcastle on Clun, and at the confluence of Folly Brook and the River Clun, in an area of small hillforts at the extreme point of the Clun Forest hills. The site is roughly rectangular in shape with rounded corners measuring 70m by 50m and internal area c. 0.28ha. The earth and stone rampart is strongest on the exposed NW side, but is lower and ploughed-out or reduced on the other sides, where slopes are precipitous, to little more than an outer facing scarp. There is a possible counterscarp bank on the SE and SW. The outer ditch averages 8m in width and has a depth of 1.2m on the NW, being completely ploughed-out to the NE. The domed interior has possibly also been ploughed. The probably original entrance is at the SW corner where the bank and ditch are broken and slightly hollowed. A pottery spindle whorl and worked flints are recorded and in Clun Museum. Ridge and furrow in the interior. The site of a possible later signal station of indeterminate recorded date, the site is now under management agreements and pasture. Undated.

The site has been referred to as a small defended settlement (Watson, 2002, 28), but is located in a substantial commanding position of great strength and confirmed as a hillfort.

The site of a possible later signal station of indeterminate recorded date, the site is now under management agreement and pasture. Selected deciduous tree removal occurred in the 1990's and conifers were removed from the SW corner. Scrub and bracken have been controlled over the past decade.

Pasture with scrub and bracken management. Possible later signal station.

Site generally follows the contours. Located on steep slopes, in a situation of great strength, on a knoll at the end of an elevated spur opposite to Castle Idris fort at Newcastle on Clun, and at the confluence of Folly Brook and the River Clun, in an area of small hillforts at the extreme point of the Clun Forest hills.

Haughmond Hill Camp, Shropshire (Haughmond Castle; Castle Earthwork)

Rocky, univallate, contour hillfort sited near to the top of Haughmond Hill at the W end of the escarpment and overlooking a sharp bend of the River Severn near Shrewsbury. Extensive views of the Severn Valley and North Shropshire Plain. Internal area c. 1.6ha. Earth and stone rampart survives on the NW, S and SE sides and generally discontinuous. The NE side is open where there was a former marsh as protection. S rampart possibly never completed where meets the marsh. The rampart rises to nearly 2m on the N. Extensive use of natural rock features on circuit. Most of W rampart may be natural. Infilled ditch on the SE and NW sides. To S where defences run up to the head of a steep-sided gully, ends of the rampart turn inwards to form an entrance passageway of 5m width. Possible E entrance. Interior now rocky outcrops with possible quarry depressions. 18th century folly of Haughmond Castle in interior, as are remnants of a WWII spigot mortar emplacement, possibly used by the Home Guard. Possible evidence of iron working. Affected by scrub and trees and Forestry Commission public access site problems. Toposcope and managed tracks with erosion. Undated.

Affected by scrub and trees and Forestry Commission public access site problems. 18th century folly of Haughmond Castle in interior as are remnants of a WWII spigot mortar emplacement, possibly used by the Home Guard. Toposcope and managed tracks with erosion.

Recreation site with scrub and bracken. Folly and WWII works. Toposcope.

Site generally follows the contours. Sited near to the top of Haughmond Hill at the W end of the escarpment and overlooking a sharp bend of the River Severn. Extensive views of the Severn Valley and North Shropshire Plain.

Possible, partial contour hillfort, only found in 2002, located on a slight rise or knoll above Corn Brook, a stream tributary of the River Teme, and to the S of Clee Hill. Situated in a field immediately W of the playing field at Knowle village. Area not defined.Earthwork remains of a substantial bank and ditch with possible counterscarp on the N, S and W sides. To the N the degraded bank appears on the line of a hedgerow. To the E nothing is visible and it has been suggested that this could either indicate that the site was unfinished or that the E ramparts were removed by post-medieval common edge settlement present on the site. A modern pond has been dug though the line of the possible ditch to the NE part of the site. The site of an entrance has not been determined and there has been no excavation. Affected by domestic properties and playing field, but down to permanent pasture. Generally, surviving sections of bank are stable with no erosion. Undated.

Pasture and surviving ramparts generally stable, but E line missing. Affected by development.

Affected by domestic properties and playing field, but down to permanent pasture.

Possible, partial contour site located on a slight rise or knoll above Corn Brook, a stream tributary of the River Teme, and to the S of Clee Hill.