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Appendix Table 1: OLS Regression Results Estimating Logged Mean Hourly Earnings by Unionization and Disability Status, Employed Adults
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DisabledNot disabled
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dF/dxSEzdF/dxSEz
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Union representation0.1628019***0.008845218.410.1341922***0.001871271.72
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Education (Ref: Less than a high school diploma)
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High school0.0714952***0.01064016.720.0957083***0.00238140.2
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Some college0.1503262***0.010910313.780.1697344***0.00247768.52
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Bachelor's degree0.2982202***0.01311422.740.3768085***0.0027984134.65
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Graduate degree0.555993***0.016245134.230.6350739***0.0032506195.37
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Female -0.1115821***0.0065533-17.03 -0.1609489***0.0013812-116.53
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Age0.0173313***0.001181914.660.0380193***0.0002839133.94
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Age squared -0.0001535***0.0000127-12.05 -0.000361***3.31E-06-109.13
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After COVID pandemic started0.0459564*0.01991812.310.0297647***0.00436846.81
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Race/ Ethnicity (Ref: White)
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Black -0.0740936***0.0100728-7.36 -0.1129321***0.0020812-54.26
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Hispanic -0.0274628**0.0099565-2.76 -0.0961452***0.0019042-50.49
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Asian or Pacific Islander-0.03076940.01699-1.81 -0.0244241***0.0028527-8.56
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Other -0.0643049***0.0174234-3.69 -0.0703698***0.0050227-14.01
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US citizen0.0778966***0.01704094.57 0.1135625***0.002534444.81
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Public sector worker-0.02038490.0110429-1.85 -0.0291741***0.0024593-11.86
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Part-time worker -0.1888127***0.0073189-25.8 -0.1291787***0.0018748-68.9
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Type of disability
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Hearing difficulty0.0521074***0.01044594.99
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Vision difficulty-0.00368420.0111741-0.33
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Cognitive difficulty -0.0569482***0.0106514-5.35
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Ambulatory difficulty-0.0169190.0107292-1.58
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Personal care difficulty0.03427*0.01529822.24
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Independent living difficulty -0.0397436**0.0128793-3.09
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Multiple disabilities -0.0451018***0.0136681-3.3
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Intercept2.465584***0.061661139.992.0840980.0124314167.65
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R-squared0.44190.4874
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Observations30,947666,883
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AIC42604.72879590.6
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All models include dummies for year, state of residence, and 2-digit industry and occupation.
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*** p≤.001, ** p≤.01, * p≤.05
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Appendix Table 2: OLS Regression Results Estimating Logged Mean Hourly Earnings by Unionization and Disability Status, Employed Ages 25–54
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DisabledNot disabled
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dF/dxSEzdF/dxSEz
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Union representation0.1642889***0.011530914.250.1311001***0.002231158.76
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Education (Ref: Less than a high school diploma)
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High school0.0839085***0.01579245.310.107689***0.003089234.86
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Some college0.1739978***0.016009110.870.1925222***0.003229259.62
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Bachelor's degree0.3401184***0.018296818.590.4140905***0.003556116.45
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Graduate degree0.593503***0.021943827.050.6573659***0.0039889164.8
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Female -0.0955781***0.0087231-10.96 -0.1611741***0.0016772-96.1
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Age0.0202041***0.00433674.660.0515331***0.000824962.47
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Age squared -0.0001823***0.0000542-3.36 -0.0005231***0.0000105-49.89
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After COVID pandemic started0.0572623*0.02742112.090.023755***0.00533934.45
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Race/ Ethnicity (Ref: White)
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Black -0.067937***0.0133677-5.08 -0.1227972***0.0025165-48.8
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Hispanic -0.0275184**0.012994-2.12 -0.0992388***0.002327-42.65
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Asian or Pacific Islander-0.01446840.0218991-0.66 -0.0119918***0.0033623-3.57
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Other -0.0635647**0.0210145-3.02 -0.0785307***0.0061505-12.77
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US citizen0.0638019**0.02111643.020.1119933***0.002962537.8
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Public sector worker-0.01472130.0145135-1.01 -0.0274139***0.002927-9.37
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Part-time worker -0.2184973***0.0105618-20.69 -0.1286072***0.0026171-49.14
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Type of disability
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Hearing difficulty0.0679044***0.01358015
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Vision difficulty0.02215750.01423511.56
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Cognitive difficulty -0.0289306*0.0134439-2.15
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Ambulatory difficulty-0.00665210.0140825-0.47
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Personal care difficulty0.03552470.01983111.79
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Independent living difficulty-0.02623560.0161549-1.62
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Multiple disabilities -0.0698068***0.0178353-3.91
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Intercept2.383433***0.112247921.231.77478***0.020627686.04
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R-squared0.4690.4675
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Observations15,478446,731
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AIC19719.66579927.6
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All models include dummies for year, state of residence, and 2-digit industry and occupation.
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*** p≤.001, ** p≤.01, * p≤.05
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Appendix Table 3: OLS Regression Results Estimating Logged Mean Hourly Earnings by Unionization and Type of Difficulty, Disabled Employed Adults
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Hearing difficultyVision difficultyCognitive difficultyAmbulatory difficultyPersonal Care difficultyIndependent living difficulty
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dF/dxSEzdF/dxSEzdF/dxSEzdF/dxSEzdF/dxSEzdF/dxSEz
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Union representation0.1749895***0.015018611.650.1723588***0.02356637.310.144581***0.01687198.570.1425704***0.01504259.480.2062602***0.04872434.230.1571095***0.02829285.55
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Education (Ref: Less than a high school diploma)
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High school0.0909122***0.01935264.70.0650837**0.02331292.790.0676436***0.01885553.590.0662816***0.01993923.320.09303480.05284831.760.091686**0.03275492.8
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Some college0.1613944***0.01988368.120.1632397***0.02397036.810.1514164***0.01942187.80.1527812***0.02024627.550.2350874***0.05429924.330.233787***0.03381616.91
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Bachelor's degree0.2971559***0.023848712.460.3296386***0.031296610.530.2959567***0.023134112.790.2741538***0.023947611.450.4302969***0.06565266.550.3473184***0.04220698.23
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Graduate degree0.5533579***0.028663319.310.6174461***0.040027815.430.5701989***0.031142318.310.5345549***0.028793818.560.6389899***0.07617028.390.626831***0.052087512.03
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Female -0.150629***0.0121322-12.42 -0.1278882***0.0172642-7.41 -0.0730158***0.0109163-6.69 -0.111869***0.0118369-9.45 -0.128265***0.0331632-3.87 -0.0658008***0.0200817-3.28
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Age0.0258487***0.002170411.910.0198603***0.00316276.280.0153244***0.00212697.20.0095236***0.00243953.90.01245950.00673241.850.00347730.00358220.97
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Age squared -0.0002352***0.0000225-10.44 -0.00018***0.0000348-5.17 -0.0001404***0.000025-5.61 -0.000067**0.0000248-2.7-0.00007880.0000712-1.111.81E-060.00004090.04
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After COVID pandemic started0.0114520.03544360.32-0.00926420.0535303-0.170.06431830.0370791.730.01537890.03160160.49-0.04690960.0992564-0.470.01517090.06002880.25
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Race/ Ethnicity (Ref: White)
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Black -0.097153***0.0226817-4.28 -0.1109992***0.0229168-4.84 -0.0585227**0.0185924-3.15 -0.0489892**0.0156671-3.13 -0.1061799*0.0438116-2.42 -0.0698407*0.0279645-2.5
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Hispanic -0.0379977*0.0193131-1.97 -0.0541699**0.0230211-2.35-0.00116430.0161048-0.07 -0.0414073*0.0186664-2.22-0.05598870.049889-1.12-0.00805520.0331674-0.24
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Asian or Pacific Islander-0.02944840.0299636-0.98-0.05405020.0391273-1.38-0.05060640.032309-1.57-0.05006670.0314201-1.59 -0.2354232**0.0910331-2.59 -0.1504045***0.0394722-3.81
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Other -0.0988048**0.0324585-3.04 -0.0836385*0.0367254-2.28-0.02239330.030804-0.73 -0.0720954**0.0299604-2.41-0.10953030.0929579-1.18-0.05658780.05401-1.05
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US citizen0.06315080.03318841.90.0528880.03232171.64 -0.0016165*0.034856-0.050.09952**0.03343812.98-0.02004880.0906505-0.22-0.03768630.0582792-0.65
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Public sector worker-0.02521760.0189092-1.33-0.01476080.0283191-0.52-0.00368140.0201167-0.180.00321080.01907940.17-0.01650780.0499241-0.330.00229370.03600770.06
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Part-time worker -0.1755233***0.0144823-12.12 -0.1883737***0.0190163-9.91 -0.208414***0.0119036-17.51 -0.1892815***0.0126033-15.02 -0.2257015***0.036256-6.23 -0.2351081***0.0208216-11.29
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Multiple disabilities -0.0870604***0.0119344-7.29 -0.0799872***0.015183-5.27 -0.0625386***0.0105602-5.92 -0.0291436***0.0102705-2.84-0.02935810.0415896-0.71-0.02983660.0205005-1.46
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Intercept2.381995***0.102518223.232.400645***0.197184312.172.480441***0.101133924.532.568695***0.106358624.152.784034***0.29777879.352.596748***0.181226114.33
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R-squared0.43860.46200.44090.40180.50190.4595
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Observations10,3014,6119,52410,4051,4933,790
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AIC14715.356325.56712682.1414768.862424.3935860.533
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All models include dummies for year, state of residence, and 2-digit industry and occupation.