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GLOSSARY – Please be mindful that this glossary is being in use by many other readers as a public tool. If you have any questions and/or suggested edits or additions, please email support@fracturedatlas.org
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TopicsWordDefinitionResources
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Worker CooperativesCooperative
A cooperative is an association of persons (organization) that is owned and controlled by the people to meet their common economic, social, and/or cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly-owned and democratically controlled business (enterprise).		https://ncdc.unl.edu/what-cooperative
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Solidarity EconomySolidarity Economy focuses on the process of building economic practices and institutions based on the values of equity in all dimensions (race, class, gender, sexuality, and so on), cooperation and solidarity, economic and political democracy, sustainability, and pluralism.https://nonprofitquarterly.org/system-change-a-basic-primer-to-the-solidarity-economy/
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Democratic ParticipationIn a Solidarity Economy, democratic participation refers to enabling decision making and action to be as local as possible, thereby providing ways for people to participate directly in decision making about their communities.
https://cooperationhumboldt.com/about-1/
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Platform CooperativeA platform co-op is a digital platform — a website or mobile app that is designed to provide a service or sell a product — that is collectively owned and governed by the people who depend on and participate in it. That includes those who deliver the underlying service by contributing labor, time, skills, and/or assets.https://uwcc.wisc.edu/resources/platform-cooperatives/
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Democratic Governance A system of government where institutions function according to democratic processes and norms, both internally and in their interaction with other institutions.https://www.osce.org/odihr/democratic-governance
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Benefits and Protections for 1099 WorkersNew Deal EraThe New Deal Era refers to the eight-year period (1933-1941) when President Franklin D. Roosevelt established a series of programs and policies aimed at offering economic support and relief for Americans. Some of the most important New Deal Era legislation include The Social Security Act which guarantees a pensions for millions of Americans and The Fair Labor Standards Act which federally regulated minimum wage and maximum hours. https://www.history.com/topics/great-depression/new-deal
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Independent ContractorsAn independent contractor is a person, business, or corporation that provides goods or services under a written contract or a verbal agreement. Unlike employees, independent contractors do not work regularly for an employer but work as required, when they may be subject to law of agency. https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/independent-contractor-defined
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AB5California Assembly Bill 5, also known as the gig worker bill, is a state law that requires some companies to extend employee classification status to independent contractors. This was designed to regulate some companies who hire large numbers of gig workers such as Lyft, Uber and DoorDash. Under AB5, companies must use a three-pronged test to prove workers are independent contractors, not employees. https://www.investopedia.com/california-assembly-bill-5-ab5-4773201
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AB2257California Assembly Bill 2257 is a law which clarifies an exisiting law that requires companies to extend employee classification to some independent contractors and required employers to use a three-step verification process known as the ABC test to prove that independent contractors are not employees. AB 2257 exempts creative workers including writers, photographers, videographers, photo editors, and illustrators from the ABC test in order to ensure they have access to employee benefits. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB2257 https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/faq_independentcontractor.htm
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SB1116California Senate Bill 1116 establishes the Equitable Payroll Fund (EPF), which is a grant program designed to support Small Nonprofit Performing Arts Organizations (SNPAOs) – and workers directly – by providing substantial reimbursements of payroll expenses.https://equitablepayrollfund.org
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Access to CapitalVenture CapitalVenture Capital typically refers to the funding provided by investors to small or start-up businesses with strong potential for growth. https://hbr.org/1998/11/how-venture-capital-works
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CollateralSomething pledged as security for repayment of a loan, to be forfeited in the event that the loan cannot be repaid.
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MicrofinanceFinancial services provided to unemployed or low-income individuals or groups who lack access to conventional banking services. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/microfinance.asp
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Economic JusticeEconomic justice is the idea that the economy will be more successful if it is fairer, and that prosperity and justice go hand-in-hand rather than in opposition to one another. It is set of moral and ethical principles for building economic institutions. Economic justice aims to create opportunities for every person to have a dignified, productive and creative life that extends beyond simple economics.https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economic-justice.asp
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Non-extractive FinanceA form of debt wherein the returns to the lender of a loan can never exceed the wealth created by the borrower of a loan. https://seedcommons.org/about-seed-commons/reparations-and-non-extractive-finance-challenging-agribusiness-as-usual/
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Program Related Investments (PRI)A type of mission or social investment that foundations make in order to achieve their philanthropic goals. Like grants, PRIs are vehicles for making inexpensive capital available to organizations that are addressing social or environmental concerns.https://www.cdfifund.gov/sites/cdfi/files/documents/(19)-faqs-about-program-related-investments.pdf
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Mission Related Investments (MRI)Any investment activity that furthers the investor’s organizational mission. https://www.impactfinancecenter.org/mission-related-investments
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Impact InvestingImpact investing is a general investment strategy that seeks to generate financial returns while also creating a positive social or environmental impact. A basic goal of impact investing is to help reduce the negative effects of business activity on the social environment.https://www.investopedia.com/terms/i/impact-investing.asp#toc-types-of-impact-investments
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Regenerative FinanceEmploying money to regenerate communities and natural environments as well as to solve systemic problems such as climate change and water and food shortages. The goal of regenerative finance (ReFi) is to use money for social and environmental impact and not just for profit.https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/regenerative-finance
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Community WealthCommunity wealth is the collective assets - social, intellectual, cultural, financial, etc.- that a community owns or controls that enable the community to care for one another and the natural environment. Some examples include worker-owned cooperatives, community-owned housing and locally-owned credit unionshttps://alkhemyki.org/what-is-community-wealth/
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Guaranteed IncomeUniversal Basic IncomeA government program in which every adult citizen receives a set amount of money regularly. The goals of a basic income system are to alleviate poverty and replace other need-based social programs that potentially require greater bureaucratic involvement.https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/basic-income.asp
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Mutual AidSocial Safety NetThe U.S. social safety net is a complex combination of programs administered by local, tribal, state and federal agencies that together assist tens of millions of Americans annually. The 11 Social Safety Net programs are: The Social Security Act, Unemployment Insurance, Head Start, Medicare/Medicaid, Supplemental Nurtition Assistance Program, Supplemental Security Income Program (SNAP), Women Infants and Children (WIC), Federal Pell Grant Program, The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), Temporary Assistance For Needy Programs (TANF), Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), and The Affordable Care Act (ACA). https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2022/05/who-is-receiving-social-safety-net-benefits.html https://poverty.ucdavis.edu/article/war-poverty-and-todays-safety-net-0
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Racial CapitalismThe process of deriving social and economic value from the racial identity of another person. The racial capitalism conceptual framework posits that capitalism requires racial inequality and relies on racialized systems of expropriation to produce capital. https://harvardlawreview.org/2013/06/racial-capitalism/ https://columbialawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Brito-Sabbeth-Steinberg-Sudeall-Racial_Capitalism_in_the_Civil_Courts.pdf
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CooperativismAlso known as The Cooperative Movement is an international movement that aims to encourage people to buy and sell things together and share the profits. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/the-co-operative-movement
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Mutual SupportThe provision of task assistance, social support, and feedback to one or more team members, as needed. In other words, mutual support is back‐up behavior that benefits the individual and, thereby, the greater good of the team.https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps/instructor/fundamentals/module6/igmutualsupp.html#mutual
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NFTsDecentralized Autonomous OrganizationA form of legal structure that has no central governing body and whose members share a common goal to act in the best interest of the entity. Popularized through cryptocurrency enthusiasts and blockchain technology, DAOs are used to make decisions in a bottom-up management approach.https://www.investopedia.com/tech/what-dao/
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Web3Web3 is the idea of a new kind of internet service that is built using decentralized blockchains — the shared ledger systems used by cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ether.https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/03/18/technology/web3-definition-internet.html
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Techno-LibertarianAlso known as cyberlibertarianism, Technolibertarianism is a political philosophy which focuses on minimizing government regulation, censorship, or anything else that would hinder a free World Wide Web. https://www.forbes.com/sites/waynecrews/2014/07/17/techno-libertarianism-building-the-case-for-separation-of-technology-and-state/?sh=7ccbb5c21596. https://oxfordre.com/communication/display/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228613-e-70;jsessionid=6A5D0216A69110B5295A15A8C7D1812F
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MetadataData that provides information about other data.https://web.archive.org/web/20150227084709/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/metadata
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BlockchainA shared, immutable ledger that facilitates the process of recording transactions and tracking assets in a business network.
A blockchain collects information together in groups, known as blocks, that hold sets of information. Blocks have certain storage capacities and, when filled, are closed and linked to the previously filled block, forming a chain of data known as the blockchain		https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/blockchain.asp
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