ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
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Plant nameFamilyPartsCommunity uselocal use as evident from literature review Pharmacological useIn vitro (Cell line and assay)In vivo (Animal)Clinical trialAyush mentionLink
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Cotula anthemoids L
AsteraceaeWhole plant (Herb)Used as body wash especially for women after child birth. Communicated by Saja begum from Kachwa Muqam, BaramullaChilblain, Headache, Fever, Blood purifier, Fractured bones, The powdered of capitula mixed with oil is used for the treatment of rheumatic pain (Ajaib, Ali and Siddiqui, 2015) methanol extract proven anti-arthritic, antioxidant [Shabbir A et al, 2023]Cell Culture and MTT Assay using arial part essential oil (Anti inflammatory) [Refaey M et al, 2022]Not mention
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Swelling (Wash the area with this water solution); The plant is boiled with water then applied on the affected area. Communicated by Amina Begum from Kohlina, BaramullaWater extract of whole plant is used to treat headache and fever and as blood purifier, Whole herb is boiled in water and the extract used to wash feet in order to get relief from chilblain. [Jan M et al, 2021]Essential oil proven anti-inflammatory activity [Refaey M et al, 2022]Both aerial and root part exhibited effective zone of inhibition against gram +ve Staphylococcus aureus and gram –ve Escherichia coli bacteria. [Mahato G, Mahato R and Hansda B, 2024)
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Joint pain (take bath). Communicated by Gulaba Akhter from Bandi Payeen, BaramullaThe paste is then applied to the painful joints or sprained body parts to relive their pain and swellings. [Lone A and Bhardwaj K, 2013]
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Anti-inflammatory (Delivered woman can have a bath). Communicated by Saja begum from Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla
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Used to treat muscle fatigue. communicated by Mahrideen Katari from Bandibala, Baramula
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Achillea MillefoliumAsteraceaeRootsUsed to cure tooth ache, The roots are chewed to cure tooth ache. Communicated by Gh Mohi ud din from Sheikh Pora, BaramullaAntiulcer using most of aqueous extract using aerial parts, Hepatoprotective using aqueous and methanolic extract of aerial part, Leaf and most of time flower methanolic and aqueous extract shows anticancer activity, Aqueous extract of arial part shows anti-inflammatory activity, Ethanolic extract of flower shows Antifertility activity, All parts along with essential oil of arial parts shows antioxidant activity, Essential oil showed most antimicrobial activity, flower, leaf and stem ethanolic extracts showed repellent activity, Essential oil from A. millefolium showed antitrypanocidal activity, Hydroalcoholic extract od arial parts showed antispasmodic, aqueous ethanolic extract showed cardiovascular activity, Aqueous extract of flower showed analgesic activity, Methanolic extract showed choleretic activity due to this used as tea and tincture, A. millefolium exhibits hypotensive, cardiovascular inhibitory and bronchodilator effects, 2-month treatment with 2% A. millefolium extract significantly improved the appearance of wrinkles and pores compared with placebo (Skin rejuvenating activity), aqueous and ethanolic extracts showed anthelmintic activity [Ali, Gopalkrishna and Venkatesalu, 2017]A. millefolium aqueous extract on the inflammatory, Antiproliferative activity of methanolic extract of A. millefolium aerial parts, Antibacterial activity of essential oil from aerial parts, antioxidant, A. millefolium were screened for antiplasmodial, Estrogenic.[Ali, Gopalkrishna and Venkatesalu, 2017]A. millefolium extract reduced mucosal damage. (Antiulcer), The aqueous–methanol extract of A. millefolium aerial parts was studied for its possible hepatoprotective, Anticancer potential of ethanol extract of A. millefolium aerial part, A. millefolium exhibit temporary antifertile activity in adult male animals, antispasmodic, immunosuppressive activity, Cardivascular, Analgesic effect, A. millefolium had positive
dose-related effects on appetite in rats. [Ali, Gopalkrishna and Venkatesalu, 2017]		yarrow leaf extract significantly reduces biting by Aedes mosquitoes, assessed the
effectiveness of A. millefolium flowers on relief of
primary dysmenorrheal in 91 female students, The results clearly suggested
the use in patients with chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis .[Ali, Gopalkrishna and Venkatesalu, 2017]		Mentioned in ayush



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Whole plant (Herb)Tooth ache, stomach ache (Decoction). Communicated by Zareena Begum from Kohlina, Baramulla
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leaves and flowerThe leaves and flower heads are crushed to make paste. Paste is gently applied on inflamed gums and aching teeth for desired results, Decoction of leaves carminative and stimulant (Sharma, Chauhan and Lal, 2004)
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leaves
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lactuca serriolaAsteraceaeWhole plantCattle fodder used to increase milk (Directly consumed). Communicated by Mohd Ramzan parry from Kohlina, Baramullaleafy vegetable will be specifically offered to lactating women with the notion that it improves nutrition, health, and lactation, leaves are consumed as a salad (like to lettuce) or cooked (as a side dish with spices) as a potential nutraceutical source of the local and tribal populations. [Angadi, Naga and Kandikere, 2022]Whole plant extract possess CNS stimulant and depressant action, seed extract shows Anti-arrhythmic and cardiac function hemodynamic
effect, seeds oil shows sedative action, Methanolic extract shows antioxidant action, Methanolic extract shows Spasmolytic, bronchodilator, potent analgesic and vasorelaxant
Activities (Arif Mohammad, 2013)		antibacterial activity [Yadava and Jharbade, 2007]
cytotoxic activity, antimicrobial activity, [Arif Mohammad, 2013]		methanolic extract of L. scariola can produce significant analgesic activity (Ahmed, Khan and Rasheed, 1992) L. scariola leaves may be
used as a substitute for synthetic drugs to treat diabetic
patients [Kailash S et al, 2015)		possess spasmogenic, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, and vasorelaxant activities [Arif Mohammad, 2013]not mention
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Skin allergy (Sap of the stem is used directly). Communicated by Mohammad Ramzan Hajam from Bansdi Payeen, Baramulla
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Leaves and stemUsed as fodder to increases milk yield in cattle. Communicated by Taja Begum from Sheikh Pora, Baramulla(Lactuca scariola seeds) is used in Industries i.e. soap-making, paints and varnish (9)
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Artimisia absenthiumAsteraceaeWhole plantThe dried even fresh leaves are boiled with water to form decoction then decoction is given to the patients(Ethnobotany use) - Herb yields an essential oil, which is used externally in rheumatism. Tincture of the plant is used as tonic, digestive, febrifuge, anthelmintic and brain concussion, powerful worming agent. ( Goud, Dwarakanath and Chikka, 2015)Decoction act as Hyper-secretary agent increase bile secretion, supplementation of A. absinthium improve Digestibility enhancement activity, Improve rumen fermentation, various solvent extracts has antiulcer activity, Aqueous-methanolic extract exhibited, hepatoprotective effect, Ethanolic extract possess neuroprotective action, Oil shows anthelmintic, antifungal and Anti-feedant activity, aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts shows antimalarial activity, Antioxidant, both oil and extract shows Anti-microbial effect, Anti-bacterial activity, Water and hexane extract shows antipyretic activity, anticancer, Hypolipidemic, immune modulatory ( Beigh and Ganai, 2017)Antioxidant Activity, A. absinthium showed significant antitumor effect against melanoma B16, Immunomodulatory, Hepatoprotective Effect, Antibacterial Activity, Antiprotozoal, antiviral, Anti-fungal, Anthelmintic, Insecticidal Effect
[Saber-Batiha et al., 2020]		Neuroprotective and Antidepressant Effects, Wound Healing Activities, Renal and Hypoglycaemic Effects, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Activities, antiarrhythmic, Antiulcer and Digestive Activities [Saber-Batiha et al., 2020]Not mentionLeaves mentioned in row 60, have to be added here
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Stomachache, Diabetes, Abdominal cramps(Ethno) anthelmintic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, febrifuge, stomachic, cardiac stimulant, for the restoration of declining mental function and inflammation of the liver, and to improve memory (Bora and Sharma, 2010)
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,Ascariasis. (Decoction)
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(Leaves)Used to treat tooth ache, stomach ache and fatty liver also used as wormicide and insect repellents.
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Used to cure worms (The fresh leaves are grinded into the paste from then a desire amount of water is added in order to make decoction)Wormwood can also be used to inhibit the growth of weeds and other unwanted plant life when selectively planted with other crops or treasured flowers (10)
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Stomach cleaning (Sap of it is used to drink with water)Extraction of leaves is used to treat fever, sugar patients and worm infections. (393)
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Blood purification, worms, piles, mind freshness (Soup is prepared)
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Conyza bonariensisAsteraceaeleavesfresh leaves are used to relieve stomach upset. Communicated by Gh Mohi ud din from Sheikh Pora, BaramullaLeaves are used as laxative, root is used in diarrhoea, cough while flowers are considered as aphrodisiac, emollient, and in gastrointestinal problems including diarrhoea. (Bukhari et al, 2013)while crude methanolic extract
shows significant anti-bacterial activity (Zamin Shah et al., 2013)		Anti bacterial, antifungal (Zamin Shah et al., 2013)In vivo antimicrobial (de Paula et al., 2018)not mention
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used as fodder to increases digestion in cattle and also for overall physical.Aqueous methanolic extract shows hypoglycemic effect on diabetes (Saleem et al, 2021)spasmogenic activity (Bukhari et al., 2013)
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the decoction of fresh leaves almost one teaspoon full given orally to stomach upset. Communicated by Gh Mohi ud din from Sheikh Pora, Baramullaused in constipation and diarrhea act as spasmogenic activity in butanole fraction (Bukhari et al, 2013)
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the fresh leaves and stem are given to cattleInhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, Proliferation and cytotoxicity (Schechtel et al., 2019)
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Used to treat skin burn (Applied as in the form of sap or paste). Communicated by Haleema Begum from Nagbal, Baramulla
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Xanthium strumariumAsteraceaeLeavesUsed as animal feed. Communicated by Mubeena from Sheikh Pora, BaramullaThe plant parts i.e., leaves, root, stem and seed used in the treatment of malaria, epilepsy, salivation, leukoderma, rheumatism, tuberculosis, allergic rhinitis, sinusitis, urticaria, rheumatoid arthritis, constipation, diarrhoea, leprosy, lumbago, pruritis, bacterial and fungal infections; Treatment of tumour and strumous diseases (Mazumder, Sharma and Lal, 2021)Alcoholic extract shows antitumor, antiulcer and antibacterial effect, ethylacetate
extract and MeOH-petroleum ether extract possess significant in vitro antimycobacterium activities, methanol extract shows antiinflammatory, vasorelaxant activity, fruit extract shows hypoglycaemic activity, 50% ethanolic extract exerted antitrypanosomal effect, 15% aqueous extract of leaves shows Contact Dermatitis, fluid extract shows antidiabetic activity, fruits and leaves extract shows Repellent and Insecticidal Effects, aqueous extract of fruits shows Antiallergic Activity (Kambooj and Saluja, 2010)		Insecticide and Antiparasitic Effect, Antioxidant Effect, Antibacterial and Antifungal Effects, Antiviral Activity (Wenxiang Fan et al., 2019) X. strumarium was helpful to alleviate the nasal symptoms of ovalbumin (OVA), reported the anti-tumor effects of xanthatin both in vitro and in vivo,Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects, Antidiabetic Effect, Antilipidemic Effect (Wenxiang Fan et al., 2019)Mention
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Whole plant petroleum extract shows antiepileptic activtiy (Kumar and Rajkapoor,2010)
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adult leaves used as a source of botanical fungicidal preparation for controlling foliar fungal diseases of tea (Saha et al, 2011)
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Anthemis cotula L.AsteraceaeWhole plantUsed as insecticide. Communicated by Taja begum from Sheikh Pora, BaramullaAntimicrobial (Bakhouri, Abouli-EIA & El-Lakany, 2019)not mention
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The decoction of plant is used as insecticide
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Used for treating bone dislocations
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Leg pain (Their leaves are used for leg pain). Communicated by Irshad Ahmad from Kachwa Muqam
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Taraxacum officinaleAsteraceaeLeavesTaken in the form of tea. Communicated by Taja begum from Sheikh Pora, BaramullaAt juvenile stage, leaves are usually taken as vegetable. It also strengthens their bones and overcomes general body weakness. The herb is also considered a good binder and hence in order to cure the bone fractures, dried leaves after soaking in hot water are crushed and made into poultice which is spread on a cloth and then tied on the fractured limbs. Root decoction is used to cure cold, abdominal pain, thirst and to promote urine flow, Dried cooked leaves are fed to fresh mothers up to 40 days after childbirth against blood loss, jaundice and urinary irritation. (Lone and Bhardwaj, 2013)Hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects shows with leaf and root extract, 95% Ethanolic extract of leaves shows Anti-obesity effect, Antidiabetic effect shows in leaf extract, 70% ethanol extract of leaves showed Anticholinergic and anti-inflammatory effects, Dandelion extract from whole plant; prepared by decocting the dried prescription of herbs with boiling distilled water shows Anti-inflammatory effect, Dandelion hydro alcoholic extract from whole plant increase of red blood cells, 70% ethanol extract of dandelion leaves shows Immunostimulant effect, Dandelion extract from whole plant was prepared by decocting the dried
prescription of herbs with boiling distilled water shows Anti-physical fatigue effect, 95% ethanol extract of dandelion leaves it increased urination frequency and the excretion ratio. (Gupta S et al, 2010)		Hepatoprotective effects in leaf, Activity against colitis, improves immunity, antiviral activity, Antifungal, Antibacterial,enhances insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells in vitro, hypolipidemic activity via inhibition of
pancreatic lipase, anticancer, antioxidant (Napoli and Zucchetti, 2021)		Activity against colitis, anticancer (Napoli and Zucchetti, 2021)Mention
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Dandelion
(Haand)
Used for lactating motherTonic, stimulant, laxative, stomach disorders, indigestion and intestinal worms, roots and leaves as vegetable, flowers in making alcoholic drink, Dried roots of taraxacum officinale are used as tonic and also their L leaves are given to the pregnant ladies after child birth. (Gupta S et al, 2010)
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Used for lactating mother. helps in reducing joint pain (Boiled in water 3 times then coocked with chicken or egg). Communicated by Mhomad saleem sheikh from Dudbugh, Baramulla
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Used to boast immune system. Communicated by Taja begum from Sheikh Pora, Baramulla
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Used to cure back pain, fracture, Joint pain, also beneficial for women after delivery. Communicated by Taja begum from Sheikh Pora, Baramulla
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Used for treating bone dislocations. Communicated by Zaina Begum from Bandi Bala, Baramulla
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Beneficial for bone and joints. Communicated by Raja Begum from Bansdi Payeen, Baramula
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helps in reducing joint pain. Communicated by Marbee Begum from Bandibala, Baramula
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Given in the form of vegetable. Communicated by Shakeela Begum Bandi Bala, Baramulla
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Back pain, common cold. Communicated by Mohd Saleem Rather from Dudbugh, Baramulla
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Saussurea lappaAsteraceaeLeavesRheumatism, insecticideDried roots are grinded to obtain powder which is mixed with edible mustard oil to make paste. Paste is then warmed and finally used to cure skin diseases, arthritis and paralysis of body parts through external massages in exposed sun light. Root powder is mixed with a mixture of crushed onion bulbs, gur (raw sugar) and water and finally made into semi-solid balls which are given to cattle especially horses as tonic to keep them healthy during cold season. Root powder is also mixed with sugar and taken orally with water to overcome joint pains, stomach problems and to dissolve kidney stones. (Lone and Bhardwaj, 2013)sesquiterpene lactone exerts an antiangiogenic effect, Ethanolic extract shows anti-inflammatory effect, ethanolic extract of SL root was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity and anti-arthritic activity, methanolic extract shows Gastroprotective and Gastric Function, aqueous and methanolic extract Anti-Hepatotoxic Activity, In polyherbal formulation possess anti-ulcer activity SL one of plant, crude extract prepared from SL were evaluated for antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Ethanolic extract shows anti microbial action because presence of oil, Ethanolic extract of SL was for anticonvulsant activity. (Hassan and Masoodi, 2019)Anticancer ( isodihydocostunolide possess anticancer activity), Anti-viral, Anti-microbial (Hassan & Masoodi, 2019)Antihistamine and antispasmodic, Antidiarrheal, Angiogenesis Effect, anti mycobacterial activity of S. lappa where whole oil (Gautam & Asrani, 2018)

Anti cancer, Anti-inflammatory Activity, Gastroprotective and Gastric Function, Anti-Hepatotoxic Activity, Anti-ulcer and Cholagogic, Anti-convulsant, (Hassan & Masoodi, 2019)
Mention
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Used for joint painsCostus is regarded to be tonic, stomachic, carminative, stimulant, spasmodic in asthma, as well as replacement in chronic skin disease and rheumatism, cough and cold, bronchial asthma, bronchitis, cholera, jaundice, dyspepsia, gas, phlegm, oedema, leprosy and skin diseases (Rathore, Debnath and Kumar, 2020)hydroalcoholic root extract shows Immunomodulatory activity, root aqueous extract reduced the risk
of cardiovascular diseases and act as cardiac stimulant, root of costus possesses anti-parasitic activities, costus oil act as antidiaarhoeal agnet, Ethanol extract of costus shows Antihyperlipidemic activity, Root essential oil The oil due to its blending capability with vetiver, patchouli, rose, violet, and sandalwood is used in high-grade perfume preparation, hair oil, insect repellent and as incense (Rathore, Debnath and Kumar, 2020)
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Jurinea dolomiaeaAsteraceaeStemToothache. Communicated by Hameeda Begum and others / Abdul aziz malik from Dudbugh, BaramullaThe crushed roots are applied on skin eruptions. Aromatic oil from the roots is useful in gout and rheumatism. (Kumar, Paul and Anand, 2009)Antioxidant (Naseer Ali Shah et al., 2014)Not mention
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RootsUsed for treating evil eye (believed to have mystical powers). Communicated by Gh Nabi Mir from Kachwa Muqam, BaramullaCrushed roots are applied to skin eruptions. Oil extracted from roots (aromatic oil) is used to treat rheumatism gout. It is also used to make Dhoop for good omen in houses (Ishtiyak and Hussain, 2017)antioxidant, cytotoxic, hemagglutination, and growth inhibition activity against cancer cells using root and leaf
extract (Bhat, Khan and Kataria, 2022)		roots and leaves: antioxidant, cytotoxic, hemagglutination, and growth inhibition activity against cancer cells. (Bhat, Khan & Khataria, 2022)
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Artemisia absinthiumAsteraceaeLeavesStomach ache, worms, fat loss (Extract sap of leaves and use it with any other ingredient). Communicated by Haja Begum from Kohlina, BaramullaJuice of the grinded leaves drunk to treat diabetes and abdominal pain. ( Asif et al, 2021)Antioxidant Related Effects - antiproliferative effect of methanolic extract, ethanol extract has been shown to display
anticholinesterase activity, Immuno-modulatory and Wound Healing Activities of methanolic extract, hydroalcoholic extract shows hepatoprotective action, ethanolic extract shows Renal and Hypoglycaemic Effects [Saber-Batiha et al., 2020]		Shows anti-angiogenic effects in tumor cell lines; other properties: antimicrobial, anthelmintic,hepatoprotective, antioxidant and antidepressant. Useful in the treatmentof type 2 diabetes and inflammatory diseases. [Neagu et al., 2023]Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extracts test against a chloroquine - sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei in mice; anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic, neuroprotective, antiulcer [Opeh et al., 2023]In a study on 25 patients of intestinal amoebiasis, A. absinthium administered in the form of a capsule (500 mg) (three capsules / 6 hr for a period of 15 days) was found to show overall relief in different clinical stages with disappearance of Entamoeba histolytica in 70% of cases without any noticeable adverse effect. [Javed Ahamad et al., 2019]Mention
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Juice of fresh leaves is used treat stomach pain and worm infections of intestine. Powder of dried Leaves and inflorescences are taken with milk to cure gastrointestinal diseases. (Nasir Aziz Wagay, 2014)
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Extract of the whole herb is used to cure the liver infection in cattle. (Gavale and Patil,2020)Methanolic extract shows Anti-inflammatory and Antisnake Venom activity, chloroform, hexane, and aqueous A. absinthium extracts have antipyretic action, extract displayed hypolipidemic, antiatherosclerotic,
and hypocholesterolemic activity, aqueous extract shows enhancement of hormones like luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol,
and testosterone in rats suffering from polycystic ovary disorder, A. absinthium can be applied as a natural feed additive for broilers and increasing the meat yield in chicken’s breast, and thus it has a significant role in promoting animal growth, ethanolic extract showed antiulcer activity, essential oil shows insect repellent action, Antiprotozoal action, antibacterial, antifungal, Anthelmintic activity and antiviral [Saber-Batiha et al., 2020]		Neuroprotective and Antidepressant Effects, Wound Healing Activities, Renal and Hypoglycaemic Effects, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic and Analgesic Activities, antiarrhythmic, Antiulcer and Digestive Activities [Saber-Batiha et al., 2020]Healing in patients with Crohn’s disease, antihyperlipidemic and hypoglycemic action (Saber-Batiha et al., 2020)
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The leaves and flowers are boiled in water & the decoction made is used as a anthelminthic & is effective for the treatment of diabetes. (Mudasir Yousuf Mir, 2014)
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Mentha longifoliaLamiaceaeLeavesUsed to cure Diarrheria. Communicated by Gh Mohd Najar from Nowgam baramullaLeaves are taken orally as digestive medicine by mixing the leaves with food preparations., Decoction of the leaves is taken orally to relieve fever. [Dutt, Bhagt and Pandita, 2015]Ethanolic and aqueous extract of arial parts shows anthelmentic activity, hexane extract has antiinflammatory activity, essential oil and hexane fraction showed insecticidal action, methanol extract showed antimutagenic function, methanolic extract and oil shows antibacterial and antimicrobial action, methanolic extract show antioxidant activity, Ethanol and chloroform extracts showed anti-parasitic activity, ethanol extracts showed hepatoprotective function, hydroalcoholic extract shows antispasmodic effect, Ethanol extract use in Menstruation disorder clinical trial, drinking aqeous extract increase body weight, feed and water intake, decrease mortality. [Farzaei et al., 2017]Antimicrobial, anti-parasitical and insecticidal (Bioassay), anti-inflammatory, Anti-mutagenic, Antioxidant, Anti-parasitic, antipyretic, antiviral, Gastrointestinal
disorder, Keratinocyte protective [Farzaei et al., 2017]		Anti-nociceptive activity, Anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, Gastrointestinal disorder, not show any toxicity,
veternity performance - Administration of the leaf powder to broiler chicken diet and assessment of body weight, food intake, various organ weight and mortality [Farzaei et al., 2017]		After 8 weeks administration of the plants, improvement of all IBS symptoms with ↑ individual symptom scores and ↑ mean total improvement percentages were observed, which was comparable to the reference drug mebeverine.
Manstruation disorder - Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled,
multicenter study on 120 women with secondary
amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea.
Manstruation disorder - Pilot clinical study on 27 patients with premature
ovarian failure, M. longifolia tea (250 mL, % 8 g/
L), three times a day for 2 weeks.[Farzaei et al., 2017]		Mention
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Treatment for acidity in animals (The leaves are grinded into the decoction then given as in juice form). Communicated by Zareefa Begum from Kalantra, Baramula
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Prunella valgarisLamiaceaeFlower & leavesUsed in the form of body wash. Communicated by Taja Begum from Sheikh Pora, BaramullaThe herb also contains saponins which is used to stop bleeding and in treating wounds and ulcers as it helps in red blood cell coagulation (Rasool et al, 2010)Methanolic extract of flower shows antibacterial activity (Dar et al, 2022)Anti tumor, Anti-inflammation and immunoregulation, antiviral, antioxidative, Antiestrogen, Cardioprotect, Treatment of sepsis , Anti-HIV activity, Inhibition of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) replication, Protection of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) from UVB‐induced inflammatory and photo aging damage, Anti-dementia, Anti-invasion and
anti-metastasis [Wang et al., 2019]
Antiostheoporosis, Antidepressant effect, Anti-fibrosis, Antiestrogen, Anti-inflammation
and anti-tumor, Inhibition of immediate-type allergic reactions, Anti-dementia, Enhances cognitive performance, Anti-invasion and
anti-metastasis [Wang et al., 2019]		 1. Prunella v. tablets + glucocorticoid for acute thyroiditis = improved outcomes, fewer side effects, shorter treatment
2. PV tablets + antibacterial penicillin improve symptoms, normalize breastfeeding, reduce antibacterial resistance.
3. PV tablets + adapalene gel effective for acne
4. In 50 cases of thyroid nodules PV ointment + thyroxine tablets achieved a 76.00% total effective rate, [Wang et al., 2019]		Not mention
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Used to cure muscular pain. Communicated by Taja Begum from Sheikh Pora, BaramullaFruit and Flower - Respiratory difficulties, cold and fever. Mature and dried inflorescence, bearing fruit is boiled in water. This Fever and hot extract are massaged on chest cold for relieve from respiratory difficulties and on legs for relieving muscular pain or during fever and cold. (Ishtiyak and Hussain, 2016)
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SeedsTheir seeds are used for pimples. Communicated by Shamali begum from Kachwa Muqam, BaramullaFresh leaves are used in the jaundice, piles, boils, skin irritation, headaches or in hypertension. (Parihaar R, Brrgali K and Baegali S, 2014; Anticancer, water extract of leaves shows anti-inflammatory action, antiviral, water extract shows antioxidant, flavonoid extract of PV shows anti-osteoporosis effect, antidepressant effect, whole grass of PV have antihypertensive effect, Immunostimulatory and anti-tumor activity in aqueous extract also shows Immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activities, 80% ethanolic extract shows Hypoglycemic and antinociceptive effect, Protection of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) from UVB‐induced inflammatory and photo aging damage shows in 50% ethanolic extract, hypolipedaemic and hypoglycemic [Wang et al., 2019]
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Lamium albumLamiaceaeWhole plant· Used as sweetener. Communicated by Gh Mohi din fom Sheikh Pora, BaramullaHaemorrhages of uterus, nose (Sharma M, Shamrma A K and Sharma M, 2020)Antiviral and antimicrobial activities, high antioxidant potential of flowers, triterpenes can play a role in wound healing, chloroform and methanol extracts of plant have potent anticancer effects; antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of heptane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, antidiabetic, extract had a significant effect on the trachea muscle relaxation [Kelayeh, Abedinzade & Ghorban, 2019]Antiviral and antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Different L. album extracts with all mentioned positive effects must be evaluated in terms of toxicity on cells, anticancer, wound healing process, antiinflammatory, [Kelayeh, Abedinzade & Ghorban, 2019]Antidiabetic, contraction of tracheal smooth muscle [Kelayeh, Abedinzade & Ghorban, 2019]not mention
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The herb is dried and powdered. the powder is mixed with oil to make paste, paste is applied externally to effected portions (Mudasir Yousuf Mir, 2014)
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Young roots are edible and the paste of the roots is applied on the burns and cuts (Dutt et al, 2014)
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Nepeta cataria L.LamiaceaeLeavesUsed for abdominal disorder also beneficial for diarrhoea. Communicated by Taja Begum from Sheikh Pora, BaramullaDecoction of shoot is used to treat dysentery and diarrhoea in the cattle. ( Dar et al, 2018)spasmolytic and myorelaxant properties in oil, oil shows antibacterial effect, leaf apolar and polar extracts shows antidepressant effect, leaf extract increase sexual activity, Anti-nociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activity [Nagdev et al., 2022]Antibacterial, Larvicidal Activity, anticancer, Bacteriostatic and Fungistatic, Repellent and insecticide activity (Oil) [Nagdev et al., 2022]Spasmolytic and Broncho Dilatory Activity, the apolar extract exhibited this antidepressant action, Enhance Sexual Activity, Anti-nociceptive and Anti-inflammatory (Oil) [Nagdev et al., 2022]Not mention
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The leaves are grinded into thew decoction, then one teaspoonful is given orallyA paste is made from leaves which are applied on wounds for immediate healing. (Mudasir Yousuf Mir, 2014)
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Used to cure tapeworm (The decoction is given orally twice in a day)anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory action of the essential oil extracted from the leaves, methanol extract shows anthelmintic, Nematocidal, and Trypanocidal Activity, Feline Attractant, essential oil shows Insect Repellent, Attractant, and Insecticidal Activity, essential oil of N. cataria for their spasmolytic and bronchodilator activities on gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders, (Munir Ozturk and Khalid Rehman Hakeem, 2019, page no.285 )
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antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic action shows in oil (242), strong antimicrobial activity (243)
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Mentha longifoliaLeavesUsed to treat stomach ache. Communicated by Taja begum, Sheikhpora, BaramulaDried leaves protect stored grains from insect attack (Thakur and Sidhu, 2022)
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Taken as a tea. Communicated by Taja Begum, Sheikhpora, BaramulaAerial powder is used to cure cough, sore throat, indigestion and constipation. (Nasir Aziz Wagay, 2014)
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The leaves are soaked in water to give an infusion which is drunk as a cooling medicine ( Kumar, Paul and Anand, 2004)
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Leaves are crushed to make sauce which is taken with food and is used as carminative, stimulant and recommended in dysentery (Kunwar, Shristha and Bussmann, 2010)
diarrhea (Thakur et al, 2020)
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Shoot is used for stomach-ache & gas trouble; juice of leaves expels worms from the stomach. (Mudasir Yousuf Mir, 2014)
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Nepeta laevigataLamiaceae or LabiataeLeavesPain Killer (Human Health) Applied in form of paste on the affected area. Communicated by Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer from Bandi Bala, BaramullaMixed in green teas and are used in vomiting, as cooling agent and gas expeller. (Mir et al, 2017)Anti-oxidant of essential oil (Rakesh K. Joshi, 2014)Leaves essential oil have antioxidant activity (Rakesh K. Joshi, 2014)Not mention
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Prunella vulgarisLamiaceae or LabiataeLeavesJoint Pain, Anti pyretic. Communicated by Mohd Saleem Rather from Dudbugh, BaramullaFresh leaves are used in the jaundice, piles, boils, skin irritation, headaches or in hypertension. (Parihaar R, Brrgali K and Baegali S, 2014;
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KalveuthFlowertreating headache. Communicated by Fatma begum from Kachwa Muqam, BaramullaThe paste of whole herb is used externally to cure the body pain. it is used to increase memory power. It is also used in headache. Know today it is calling brain cleaner. (Rahmatullah Hakeem, 2018)
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Whole plant extract is used to cure Sore throat, cough and cold, headache, fever and constipation. (Abdullah and Andrabi, 2021)
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The fresh leaves are crushed and applied to wounds to promote healing. Poultice of plant is applied to cure bleeding haemorrhoids. [Dar, Joo and Ganaie, 2018)
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Infusion of leaves and flowers is used as gargle material to treat sore throat irritations (Dutt, Bhagat and Pandita, 2015)
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Hot water bath of flowering tops is used to cure headache, fever, and body muscular pain. (Nasir Aziz Wagay, 2014)
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Fragaria nubicolaRosaceaeFruitsLeaves in a powder form is used to treat cough & cold. Communicated by Zoona Begum from Sheikh Pora, BaramullaFruits are eaten raw to improve digestion, anaemia, treat tongue blemish and profuse menstruation. The sap of fruits is locally used as ink by spiritual healers to write scrolls and amulets. Leaves are used as fodder (Thakur and Sidhu, 2022)Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of Fragaria fruit extracts (Kunwar, Shristha and Bussmann, 2010)Anti oxidant, Antimicrobial (Roshan, Ahmed & ul Hassan, 2019)ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC (Roshan, Ahmed & ul Hassan, 2019)Not mention
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Dried fruit are crushed into the powder form then taken orally to treat cough & cold. Communicated by Zoona Begum from Sheikh Pora, Baramullaeaten raw, whereas the roots are used as tea substitute by the villagers in the study area and concur with the earlier reports in J&K. (Singh et al, 2021)Methanolic extract shows ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC activity ( Anees et al, 2018)cytoprotective via suppressing the free radical generation (Soomro, Aljameeli & Sangi, 2020)neuroprotective (Soomro, Aljameeli & Sangi, 2020)
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Fresh fruit is used as tonic for general weakness Even the juice of the fresh fruit is used for stomach upset. Communicated by Zoona Begum from Sheikh Pora, BaramullaMenstrual problems, laxative, diabetes, anaemia, rheumatic gout, kidney and liver disorder (Praveen Kumar, 2021)methanolic extract of whole plant shows antidiabetic and antiobesity [Anees et al, 2018]F. nubicola possessed anti-arthritic properties (Kiran Mashaal et al.,2023)