| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | AA | AB | AC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | CD Concepts, Theory, Methods, Intros & Surveys | CD & Ed | CD and Media | CD Case Studies | REMAINDER OF CITATION (for articles: journal article is published in + journal issue number, volume #, and page #s. For books: city and state, publisher name) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | AUTHOR(S) List last, then first name. For co-authored articles or books, list last then first name of first author first, then all other authors: first then last name. Ex: Anderson, Joanne, Jane Doe, and John Smith | PUB DATE | Media Type (book, book chapter, scholarly article/report, professional article/report, news article, opinion article, government report, video, podcast, dissertation/thesis, speech, interview, unfound) | TITLE OF ARTICLE OR BOOK | ABSTRACT (cut and paste the full abstract) | LINK (to at least title and abstract, if not whole publication) | NOTES | ||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Root, Elihu | 1922 | Scholarly Article | A Requisite for the Success of Popular Diplomacy | Foreign Affairs | Not available | Paywalled: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20028194?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents | ||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | Mott, John R. | 1946 | Lecture Transcription | The Leadership Demanded in This Momentous Time | The Nobel Prize | Not available | Full text:https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1946/mott/lecture/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | McMurray, Ruth Emily and Muna Lee | 1947 | Book | The Cultural Approach: Another Way in International Relations | Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1947 | Not available | Full text: http://ia600409.us.archive.org/4/items/culturalapproach00mcmu/culturalapproach00mcmu.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | Institute of International Education | 1949 | Scholarly Report | Open Doors 1948-1949 Report on International Educational Exchange | Institute of International Education, New York | Not available. Report has been published annually since 1949. | Paywalled:https://scholarship.shu.edu/opendoors-data/1/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | Marshall, James | 1949 | Scholarly Article | International Affairs: Citizen Diplomacy | American Political Science Review 43, no 1(1949): 83-90. | Not available | Paywalled: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1950316 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Schmoker, Benjamin J. | 1953 | Can We Guarantee Happiness? | The Church Woman | Not available | Not available | |||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | ALINE B. LOUCHHEIMSAO PAULO, | 1954 | News Article | Cultural Diplomacy: An Art We Neglect: How U. S. artists might win friends and influence allies is shown in a South American exhibit | New York Times | Not available | https://www.proquest.com/docview/113165816/71F1B49748F34B34PQ/9?accountid=14824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | Eisenhower, Dwight D. | 1956 | Presidential Address Transcription | Remarks at White House Summit on Citizen Diplomacy | 11 September 1956. | Not available | Full text: https://2009-2017.state.gov/s/srgia/2010/154774.htm | ||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | Robert B. Knapp | 1958 | Scholarly Article | Citizen-to-Citizen Diplomacy: A New Dimension of International Education | American Council on Education | Not available | https://www.proquest.com/docview/1305252889/CE3189218F244B4EPQ/27?accountid=14824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | Department of State | 1959 | The Citizens Role in Cultural Relations | Department of State | During the first half of the 20th century, the international position of the United States changed from one of comparative isolation to one of world leadership. At the same time, the conduct of foreign relations has grown to become a complex sphere of activity with rami fications in the economic and cultural fields as well as the political. In recent years America's overseas commitments have grown in both volume and importance. As a result more and more American citi zens are being called upon to assume important responsibilities in the nation's overseas activities. Revolutionary changes in means of transportation and communica tion have served to increase trade and stimulate the world's appetite for the exchange of knowledge. The economic dynamism of the United States has increased this country's overseas business activities. Millions of Americans have gone abroad to live, work, and travel in distant lands. American leadership in science and industry has made the United States a mecca for scholars and leaders of opinion in all fields. | Paywalled: https://www.centraliacollege.net/textbook/the-citizens-role-in-cultural-relations/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | Gullahorn, John T. and Jeanne E. Gullahorn | 1960 | Book/Collection | International Educational Exchange: An Assessment of Professional and Social Contributions by American Fulbright and Smith-Mundt Grantees, 1947-57 | East Lansing: Michigan State University, 1960. | Correspondence, memoranda, clippings, articles, bibliographies, basic documents, surveys, reports, and related materials associated with the history of the Fulbright Program, conferences, anniversaries, and country programs. The files include special reports and studies by Elizabeth P. Lam, Ben Posner, Seth Tillman, Robin Winks, and Francis Young. Included also are histories of international educational exchange for the forties, fifties, sixties, and seventies and educational and cultural profiles of selected countries. Some materials pertain to the organization and role of the Committee on International Exchange of Persons (CIEP). See also Elizabeth Lam Vieg Papers for additional information about CIEP. | Paywalled: https://uark.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/archival_objects/658752 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | Swaim, Ginalie | 1960 | News Article | The 1960 Hog Lift to Japan | Iowa Department of Cultural Affairs | Not available | Full text: https://iowaculture.gov/sites/default/files/primary-sources/pdfs/history-education-pss-corn-hog-source_0.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | Barghoorn, Fredrick C | 1960 | Scholarly Article | The Soviet Cultural Offensive: The Role of Cultural Diplomacy in Soviet Foreign Policy | Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960. | The author has "tried to understand the realities of Soviet society, drawing both upon a superb critical judgment and a warmly sympathetic human insight." He "has given the American public material for thought and a prod in the right direction. "Originally published in 1960.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905. | Paywalled: https://www.academia.edu/52639738/The_Soviet_Cultural_Offensive_The_Role_of_Cultural_Diplomacy_in_Soviet_Foreign_Policy | ||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | Elder, Robert E. | 1961 | Book | The Foreign Leader Program: Operation in the United States | Washington, D.C.: The Brooking Institution, 1961. | This program of the Dept. of State is one of several efforts undertaken by the U.S. to encourage the extensive and intensive exchange of ideas among peoples and nations. | Full text: https://archive.org/details/foreignleaderpro00elde | ||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | Young, P., George | 1962 | scholarly article/report | Education as Diplomacy | The Phi Delta Kappan, No. 7, Vol. 43, pp. 304-308 | no abstract available | https://www.jstor.org/stable/20342770 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | Hoffman, Arthur S. | 1968 | Book | International Communication and the New Diplomacy | Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1968. | Not available | Paywalled: https://openlibrary.org/works/OL18322813W/International_communication_and_the_new_diplomacy | ||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | U.S. Congress. House | 1969 | Testimony to Congress Transcription | The Future of U.S. Public Diplomacy | 91st Congress, 1st sess, 1969. H. Doc. 91-136. | Not available | Full text: https://www.gao.gov/assets/102532.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | Badeau, JOHN S. | 1970 | Scholarly Article | Diplomacy and medicine | Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 46(5), 303. | This ancient although incidental connection betwveen medicine and diplomacy reflects the fact that health (even more than wealth) is a common and prized goal. Political allies sought not only financial and military assistance from their neighbors but also the services of healing when these were available. Moreover, medicine has often been one of the first professions to emerge in a society; hence doctors were an early part of the intellectual elite. It was natural that some of thenm should be called upon to serve their governments in capacities other than that of their profession. | Full text: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1749692/pdf/bullnyacadmed00218-0013.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | Rosen, Seymour M | 1973 | Scholarly Article | The Development of People's Friendship University in Moscow | Washington, DC: US Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1973 | This study focuses on the training of students from the developing countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America in a special institution in the Soviet Union established for the purpose, the Peoples' Friendship University. Since its founding in 1960, this unique institution has been the subject of considerable interest among educators and others concerned with international relations and development. Sufficient time has now elapsed to permit at least a preliminary assessment of the institution's pedagogical effectiveness and limitations. The author attempts to contribute to this kind of analysis in his review of the evidence from the university's first dozen years from 1960 to 1972. (Author/HS) | Full text: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED076163 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | Mushakoji, Kinhide | 1975 | Scholarly Article | Transnationalize Citizens Diplomacy | Japan Quarterly, vol. 22, no. 3, 1975, pp. 214-222. | n/a | Full text: https://www.proquest.com/docview/1304286373?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&imgSeq=1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | Byrnes, Robert F. | 1976 | Book | Soviet American Academic Exchange 1958-75. | Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976 | The academic and other cultural exchanges which are the subject of this book began before detente but have come to full flower (if that is the word) in the last few years. Now that detente itself has become a source of controversy, the time is ripe for a full- scale reassessment of the exchanges-who benefits, how much and in what ways? Al- though Robert Byrnes deals with these questions in part, his book is both more and less than such a reexamination. It is a modest but useful history and analysis of the exchange programs including those in which Professor Byrnes himself played a leading administra- tive role. From July 1960 through May 1969, Byrnes, who is professor of history at Indiana University, chaired the Inter-University Committee on Travel Grants (IUCTG), the mo- destly named agency which directed various American academic exchanges with the So- viet Union and countries of Eastern Europe until succeeded by the International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX) in 1969. Professor Byrnes represented American universi- ties in dealings both with the United States Government and with Soviet academic and government officials. Byrnes correctly notes that the exchanges are "not a cooperative process but a competitive one." He treats the exchanges as a mirror in which one can see reflected large and important aspects of Soviet-American relations, and some trouble- some problems of American academic-government relations as well. The first two chapters (about the origins of American scholarly interest in Russia and | Paywalled: https://muse.jhu.edu/book/94917 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | Chadwick F. Alger | 1977 | Scholarly Article | The Impact of Cities on International Systems | Athens Center of Ekistics | At first glance, the impact of cities on international systems may seem to be a trivial, or at least a marginal subject - particularly when compared to factors of such overwhelming importance as the $250 billion annual military expenditures of the national governments of the world. But the subject becomes more interesting when we consider the fact that 38 percent of the world's population lives in cities. In fact, most of the international relations of the world can be viewed as relations between cities. As people living in cities pursue their interests and needs in banking, education, manufacturing, medicine, recreation and research, to name only a few, these activities and their repercussions flow across national boundaries. | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/43618931.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | U.S. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Operations | 1977 | Congressional Testimony Transcription | Public Diplomacy and the Future | 96 th Cong., 1st sess, 1977. | Not available | Full text: https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CHRG-111shrg63020/CHRG-111shrg63020 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | Rice, William | 1977 | News Article | Kitchen Diplomacy, Finnish Freshness | The Washington Post | On one of spring's loveliest evenings a Washington social rite-an outdoor reception-was in progress at the residence of the ambassador of Finland. Guests tasted Finnish vodka and wandered down the sloping lawn to examine the handsome cabin housing an elaborate sauna beside a pool. At frequent intervals women in rustic Finnish garb would move from group to group with trays of hours d'oeuvre. | Full text: https://www.proquest.com/docview/146742249/fulltextPDF/96BA576C99EC4E39PQ/5?accountid=14244 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | Kellermann, Henry J. | 1978 | Book | Cultural Relations as an Instrument of U.S. Foreign Policy: The Educational Exchange Program between the United States and Germany 1945-1954. | Washington D.C.: Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs, U.S. Department of State, 1978. | Not available | Paywalled: https://www.amazon.com/Cultural-Relations-Instrument-Foreign-Policy/dp/B000GPFF72 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | Chilton, Susan G. | 1978 | Scholarly Article | Volunteering as a Citizen Diplomat | International Education and Cultural Exchange XIV, no 1(Summer 1978):8-12. | Although international volunteer sending organizations vary greatly, nearly all claim that volunteering will increase intercultural competence. Various theories of intercultural learning suggest, however, that cultural contact will only improve a volunteer's intercultural competence under certain conditions. The study collects self-reported responses from 291 volunteers who served in one of two service models that differ on multiple characteristics. This study isolates four key characteristics and employs a moderated multiple regression to test how these variations affect volunteers’ perceptions of intercultural competence. Findings suggest that that service duration, cultural immersion, guided reflection, and contact reciprocity are all positively associated with intercultural competence. In addition, guided reflection appears to moderate the relationship between duration and intercultural competence. This study responds to the need for research on the effects of international volunteering across institutional models. | paywalled: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/222674012_International_volunteers'_perceptions_of_intercultural_competence | ||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | Alger, Chadwick F. | 1978 | Scholarly Article | Extending Responsible Public Participation in International Affairs | Columbus, Ohio. Exchange Magazine | States that the political socialization process leads citizens to perceive little opportunity for personal participation in international policymaking, despite the local impact of international affairs. Describes how local international links of community organizations can lead to citizen participation in foreign policy, citing an international involvement effort in Columbus, Ohio | Full text: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ212692 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | Schanche, Don | 1978 | News Article | SEE-THROUGH DRESS SURPRISES EGYPTIANS: Carter Sister Mixes Tourism, Diplomacy | Los Angeles Times (1923-1995) | The President's evangelist sister, Ruth Carter Stapleton, swept through Cairo Tuesday and Wednesday on a hastily arranged visit that mixed a little religion and diplomacy with old-fashioned tourism in quiet support of her brother's peace efforts at Camp David. | Full text: https://www.proquest.com/docview/158699383/828956EFD7EE428CPQ/1?accountid=14244 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | Gibson, John S. | 1979 | The United States International Visitor Program: Strengthening the Community Organization | Washington D.C.: National Council for International Visitors, 1979. www.nciv.org/category/9-library.html?download=375 (accessed July 17, 2012). | Not available | Not available | |||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | U.S. General Accounting Office | 1979 | Book | The Public Diplomacy in the Years Ahead: An Assessment of Proposals for Reorganization Department of State United States Information Agency | Report to the Congress by the Comptroller General of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. General Accounting Office, 1979. | United States “public diplomacy”—international information, education, and cultural relations—is being extensively reexamined in and out of Government. Various proposals call for redefining the mission of public diplomacy, changing or eliminating functions, and reorganizing the administering apparatus. | Paywalled: https://books.google.com/books/about/Public_Diplomacy_in_the_Years_Ahead_an_A.html?id=bjgsAAAAIAAJ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | Morton, Brian | 1982 | Scholarly Article | Cultural diplomacy: The Diplomacy of Ideas: US Foreign Policy and Cultural Relations 1938 | The Times Educational Supplement; London Iss. 3428, (Mar 12, 1982): 26 | The problem of cultures is one which, vexes the diplomat no less than the anthropologist. On the one side, the idealists claim that each nation is unique and that its culture is anterior to and separate from its economics and politics; still further to the cultural right is the apparently contradictory belief that all cultures are merely accidental .variations on a single human essence; the materialists inevitably denounce all this as so much mystification, stressing technologies and systems over individuals and behaving accordingly in the pursuit of cultural change. | https://www.proquest.com/docview/2637006984/71F1B49748F34B34PQ/11?accountid=14824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | Karl, Patricia A. | 1982 | Scholarly Article | Media diplomacy | Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, 34(4), 143-152. | The symbiotic relationship between the media and government officials in the conduct of public diplomacy has a Jekyll and Hyde quality. The actors are percieved by the public as crusaders or as culprits in a fierce competetition for headlines and high ratings. Both the journalist and the diplomat are constrained by the elements of time, space, and distance; but the journalist, unlike the diplomat or head of state, has nothing to lose by promoting media diplomacy. | Paywalled: https://www.jstor.org/stable/3700976?seq=10#metadata_info_tab_contents | ||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | Ramaprasad, Jyotika | 1983 | Scholarly Article | Media diplomacy: In search of a definition. | Gazette (Leiden, Netherlands), 31(1), 69-78. | If we assume, as we have done in this paper, that in a government controlled press system, the media are the voice of the government, then in these societies media diplomacy is a practice as old as government control of the press. In a free press system, the press is not supposed to be an actor in inter-governmental interactions, only an objective observer of these interactions. The phrase "media diplomacy" imputes an actor’s role to the press in a governmental function and therefore makes the study of this phenomenon more relevant in a free press system. In this paper, we will therefore not discuss the kind of use of the press for diplomacy that obtains in countries with government control of the press. Neither will we discuss in any detail government public relations through information agencies which serve image creating functions for free press societies. The particular free press system within the context of which we will discuss media diplomacy is the American system. | Full text: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/001654928303100107?casa_token=0OPeCewXQlUAAAAA:ZFK4Q8HGheFQLL3hd8tWwBvJ0dPYTzFUDV5BEaFIBOFdjbMOpUiR0rFlLuvmdHHOvIoDZ7pW3s_G | ||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | Donaldson, Frances | 1984 | Book | The British Council: The First Fifty Years | London: Jonathan Cape Ltd, 1984. | An organisational history that is also a history of the attitudes that have helped reduce Britain to a second-rate power. At the same time, a study of why some British influence still survives overseas, with some lessons for today | Paywalled: https://www.worldcat.org/title/british-council-the-first-fifty-years/oclc/14239523 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | David Arnold and Ann Moritz | 1985 | News Article | CITIZEN DIPLOMACY' IS THRIVING; DESPITE OFFICIAL US-SOVIET CHILL | Boston Globe | Not available | https://www.proquest.com/docview/294333587/CE3189218F244B4EPQ/14?accountid=14824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | Chandler, Alice | 1985 | Foreign Students and Government Policy: Britiain, France, and Germany | Washington, DC: The American Council on Education, 1985 | The impact of European government policy on the movement of foreign students in Great Britain, France, and West Germany is discussed by a member of the American Council on Education Committee on Foreign Students. Foreign student enrollments have increased dramatically in these three countries in the 1960s and 1970s, and foreign students also make up a significant proportion of total student enrollments in each of the three countries. Britain and France heavily enroll students from former colonies. Each of the countries has experienced disproportionate enrollments from a limited number of foreign countries. Policies adopted for foreign students reflect, in part, the influence of immigration issues and attitudes toward ethnicity. Each of the countries has recently altered its policies to restrict and control the flow of foreign students, using tuition or entrance requirements. In 1980 Great Britain decided to impose full-cost fees on foreign students. One rationale for Germany's positive foreign student policies is the importance of strengthening the educational and technical capacity of underdeveloped countries in order to increase their buying power and to assist in achieving world peace. Foreign student policy is closely intertwined with a nation's educational policy and systems, economic conditions, demographic projections, internal social pressures, and foreign policy and foreign trade priorities. (SW) | Full text: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED264744 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
39 | Malone, Gifford D. | 1985 | Scholarly Article | Managing Public Diplomacy | The Washington Quarterly 8, no.3 (1985): 199-213. | Not available | Paywalled: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01636608509450301 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
40 | David M. Kennedy Center | 1985 | book | Citizen diplomacy : responding to questions about America / introduction by Grant Paul Skabelund. | Provo, Utah : David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies, Brigham Young University | Citizen Diplomacy is primarily intended for those who travel abroad or host international visitors in the United States - Americans who find themselves in the position of a citizen diplomat. However, even visitors from outside the United States will likely find much in the book enlightening. Citizen Diplomacy is not an official handbook. Hopefully, readers will find the information helpful in formulating their replies to questions posed to them. The style of the responses - balanced, nonconfrontational, and nondefensive - may be more important than their content. | https://www.amazon.com/Citizen-Diplomacy-Responding-Questions-America/dp/0912575158/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=Citizen+diplomacy+%3A+responding+to+questions+about+America&sr=8-1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
41 | Office of the White House | 1986 | Government Report | Central America Public Diplomacy [Reorganization of Public Diplomacy Bureaucracy] | Secret, Memorandum. April 25, 1986: 2 pp. | Not available | https://www.proquest.com/docview/1679164193/AA299491EA5E4F9FPQ/36?accountid=14824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
42 | 1986 | News Article | SHULTZ WANTS U.S. AND SOVIET TO END PUBLIC DIPLOMACY: URGES SECRET CONTACTS 'We're Not Going Anywhere,' He Says of Recent Pattern of Exchanges in Press Shultz Calling for a Halt to Public Diplomacy | New York Times | Not available | https://www.proquest.com/docview/110974483/AA299491EA5E4F9FPQ/25?accountid=14824 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | Becker, Jody. | 1986 | News Article | Stern Honored for Cultural Diplomacy | Los Angeles Times (pre-1997 Fulltext); [Los Angeles, Calif]. 14 Oct 1986 | As guests murmured praise of the performance between bites of tasty pastries and sips of champagne, AJC chapter president Michael Lapin welcomed the world-renowned musician and then made way for Lewis Janowsky, event co-chairman, who presented [Isaac Stern] with the certificate. | https://www.proquest.com/docview/292452347/980CC55789DF4369PQ/50?accountid=14824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
44 | Nelson, Marilyn C. | 1986 | Book | Keeping the Peace when it Matters Too Much to be Left to Politicians | Lafayette, California. Ark Communications Institute | An extraordinary collection of essays revealing the bold, inspiring, grassroots vision for peace that can replace the present political nuclear fatalism. | Paywalled: https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Citizen_Summitry.html?id=COMig4OjmJYC&redir_esc=y | ||||||||||||||||||||||
45 | Edwin Pak-Wah Leung | 1986 | scholarly article/report | Review: Americans and Chinese Reform and Revolution, 1898-1922: The Role of Private Citizens in Diplomacy , by Key Ray Chong | Pacific Historical Review, Vol.55, Iss.2, pp. 328–329 | no abstract available | https://doi.org/10.2307/3639556 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
46 | Claire Ryle, and Jim Garrison | 1986 | book | Citizens' Diplomacy: A Handbook on Anglo-Soviet Initiatives | Merlin | NA | https://www.amazon.com/Citizens-Diplomacy-Handbook-Anglo-Soviet-Initiatives/dp/0850363462/ref=sr_1_39?keywords=citizen+Diplomacy&s=books&sr=1-39 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
47 | McDonald, John W. and Diane B. Bendahmane | 1987 | Book | Conflict Resolution: Track Two Diplomacy | Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of State’s Foreign Service Institute. 1987. | This book explores the possibilities and occasional drawbacks of "track two" diplomacy-i.e., the use of unofficial intermediaries as a means of preparing for the resolution of conflict along the official "track one." There are case studies involving the Dominican Republic, the two Germanies, the two Koreas, and Egypt, the PLO and Israel. | Full text: https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Conflict_Resolution.html?id=vz93AAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=kp_read_button&hl=en&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false | ||||||||||||||||||||||
48 | Shuman, Michael, and Gale Warner | 1987 | Book | Citizen Diplomats: Pathfinders in Soviet-American Relations - and How You Can Join Them | New York: Continuum, 1987. | It's one thing to tour the Soviet Union, and quite another to become a ""citizen diplomat,'' who deliberately tries to improve Soviet-American relations through people-to-people dialogues, explain the authors. They describe the efforts of nine diverse Americans to break stereotypic ``us and them'' thinking, spread information and influence leaders on both sides of the Cold War. These unofficial diplomats range from writer Norman Cousins and businessman Armand Hammer to lawyer-biker Christopher Senie (who organized ``Bike for Peace'') and agrarian banker John Chrystal | Paywalled: https://www.amazon.com/Citizen-diplomats-Pathfinders-Soviet-American-relations/dp/0826403824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
49 | Stein, Howard F. | 1987 | Scholarly Article | Encompassing Systems: Implications for Citizen Diplomacy | Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 27(3), 264-384 | In a wide range of activities from clinical work to organizational consulting to official and citizen diplomacy, perhaps the most pressing temptation is to take sides. The author develops a framework of emotional inclusiveness in which the therapist, consultant, or official/citizen diplomat in effect becomes an advocate not for one member, psychological agency, or family/organizational/international subunit, but for the maturity of the whole system. | Paywalled: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0022167887273008 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
50 | Susskind, Lawrence and Cruikshank, Jeffrey | 1987 | Book | Breaking the Impasse: Consensual Approaches to Resolving Public Disputes | New York: Basic Books | Breaking the Impasse: Consensual Approaches to Resolving Public Disputes will be of interest to those who seek a better understanding of the process of negotiating consensual resolutions to public disputes. This work is divided into seven chapters, and includes a very accessible section suggesting further readings. Chapter one opens with a composite case study of a deadlocked conflict. Using this case, the authors describe the drawbacks of traditional responses to public conflict. Traditional approaches discussed include political compromise, litigation, elections, referenda, and appeals to administrative agencies. They suggest that negotiated approaches to consensus building may succeed where more traditional approaches fail. | Paywalled: https://www.pon.harvard.edu/shop/breaking-the-impasse-consensual-approaches-to-resolving-public-disputes/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
51 | Shuman, M. H. | 1987 | scholarly article/report | Dateline main street: local foreign policies, foreign policy | Foreign Policy | N/A | Full text: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1148845?seq=6#metadata_info_tab_contents | ||||||||||||||||||||||
52 | Caroline Elam | 1988 | Scholarly Article | Art and Diplomacy in Renaissance Florence | RSA Journal- Vol. 136, No. 5387 (October 1988), pp. 813-826 | Not available | https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41377296.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A7a948f68a3fe1be88ae85956ea11d32c&ab_segments=&origin= | ||||||||||||||||||||||
53 | Yu, Taifa | 1988 | Dissertation | A neglected dimension of the Sino - U.S. cultural relationship: Cultural exchanges, cultural diplomacy, and cultural interaction | University of South Carolina ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1988 | Not available | https://www.proquest.com/docview/303569359/71F1B49748F34B34PQ/20?accountid=14824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
54 | Schmidt, Chris | 1988 | video | Sharing a new song : an experiment in citizen diplomacy. | Watertown, MA : Documentary Educational Resources DER | Sharing a New Song brings together, albeit in a small way, the people of the two legendary world superpowers, the United States of America and the former Soviet Union. During the Cold War, the conflict extended beyond political concerns and manifested itself most noticeably in the alarmingly negative opinions that citizens of the two countries held about each other. | https://video-alexanderstreet-com.eu1.proxy.openathens.net/watch/sharing-a-new-song-an-experiment-in-citizen-diplomacy | ||||||||||||||||||||||
55 | Feinsilver, Julie M. | 1989 | Scholarly Article | Cuba as a “World Medical Power”: The Politics of Symbolism | Latin American Research Review | Not available | Full text: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2503679 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
56 | Telegram & Gazette | 1989 | Interview | Journalists call for "citizen diplomacy' | Worcester, Mass. | "Twenty bridges are better than one," [Nickolay Reimers] said through a translator. "If we paired people up by interests, paired up the exchanges, it would be a new step." | https://www.proquest.com/docview/268336527/CE3189218F244B4EPQ/10?accountid=14824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
57 | Chuck Welch | 1989 | Scholarly Article | MAIL ART GLASNOST: Access to Postal Citizen Diplomacy in the Soviet Union | The Whole Earth Review; Sausalito Iss. 65, (Dec 1989): 68-71 | Not available | https://www.proquest.com/docview/1947559236/CE3189218F244B4EPQ/21?accountid=14824&imgSeq=1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
58 | Jamie B Draper | 1989 | Government Report | State initiatives in foreign languages and International studies, 1979-1989 | Joint national committee for languages | Not available | https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED320390.pdf | ||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | Gray, Barbara | 1989 | Book | Collaborating: Finding Common Ground for Multiparty Problems | San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers | Collaborating will be of interest to those seeking to implement cooperative approaches to problem solving. This text will also be of interest to those who seek a better theoretical understanding of the collaborative approach to consensual decision making. This work presented in twelve chapters divided into four parts. It includes a foreword by Eric Twist, Professor Emeritus of the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. Part One discusses the need for collaboration. Part Two examines the dynamics of collaboration. Part Three suggests collaborative strategies for problem solving and conflict resolution. Part Four considers the difficulties in implementing collaborative strategies. | Paywalled: https://www.wiley.com/en-bg/Collaborating:+Finding+Common+Ground+for+Multiparty+Problems-p-9781555421595 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
60 | Lindsay, Beverly | 1989 | scholarly article/report | Integrating International Education and Public Diplomacy: Creative Partnerships or Ingenious Propaganda? | Comparative Education Review, No. 4, Vol. 33, pp. 423-436
| no abstract available | https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/446878?journalCode=cer | ||||||||||||||||||||||
61 | NA | 1989 | book | Citizen diplomacy coming of age : peace researchers testify to usefulness of nonofficial diplomacy. | U.S. Institute of Peace | https://books.google.com/books?id=kLgR9M6Ktu0C&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&dq=%22Citizen+diplomacy+coming+of+age+:+peace+researchers+testify+to+usefulness+of+nonofficial+diplomacy.%22&source=bl&ots=lXOZ00eO-5&sig=ACfU3U1QFqEnh1pVk5Uk5vN1m5a8Tu6PHA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiruKfr5tT_AhXAk4kEHcV4AjkQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Citizen%20diplomacy%20coming%20of%20age%20%3A%20peace%20researchers%20testify%20to%20usefulness%20of%20nonofficial%20diplomacy.%22&f=false | |||||||||||||||||||||||
62 | Jim Garrison and John-Francis Phipps | 1989 | book | The new diplomats : citizens as ambassadors for peace | Green Books | https://www.amazon.com/New-Diplomats-Citizens-Ambassadors-Peace/dp/187009820X/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=The+new+diplomats+%3A+citizens+as+ambassadors+for+peace&sr=8-1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
63 | Arthur, Paul | 1990 | Scholarly Article | Negotiating the Northern Ireland Problem: Track One or Track Two Diplomacy? | Negotiating the Northern Ireland Problem: Track One or Track Two Diplomacy? | Not available | Paywalled: http://www.jstor.org/stable/44482532 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
64 | Ross K. Baker | 1990 | News Article | `Peacemakers' Are Aiding Hussein Citizen diplomacy: Self- credentialed emissaries trek to Baghdad, where they are eagerly seized on by Iraqi propagandists | Los Angeles Times | Not available | https://www.proquest.com/docview/281250990/CE3189218F244B4EPQ/30?accountid=14824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | Jensen, Ros | 1990 | Book | Max: A Biography of C.Maxwell Stanley Engineer, Businessman, World Citizen | Iowa State University Press | Not available | Paywalled: https://www.amazon.com/Max-Biography-Maxwell-Engineer-Businessman/dp/0813805988 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
66 | Chadwick F. Alger | 1990 | Scholarly Article | The World Relations of Cities: Closing the Gap Between Social Science Paradigms and Everyday Human Experience | International Studies Quarterly Vol. 34, No. 4 (Dec., 1990), pp. 493-518 | People inhabiting the cities of the world are in desperate need of knowledge that would enable them to cope with the worldwide relations of daily life. Although the mainstream of social science tends to ignore the world relations of cities, scattered scholarship in history, anthropology, sociology, and political science offers important insight on the growing involvement of human settlements in the world. The first main theme of this literature draws on scholarship of urban political economy and world systems which illuminates the changing impact of worldwide economic and social forces on the cities of the world and their inhabitants. In light of these changes, there is research urging that cities be freed from state constraints, research on new kinds of political movements, and advocacy of new approaches to research and teaching. The second main theme assesses the response of city government and local citizens movements to the perceived local impact of the foreign policies of states, with respect to issues such as war prevention and disarmament, world poverty, and human rights. There is both overlap and some contradiction between local issues raised by the two themes. This article will explore the implications for democratic theory, and for research and teaching in international studies, of the new world context of cities and the growing efforts of city governments and local people to deal directly with world issues. | https://www.jstor.org/stable/2600609?seq=1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
67 | Kavaloski, V. C | 1990 | Scholarly Article | TRANSNATIONAL CITIZEN PEACEMAKING AS NONVIOLENT ACTION | Peace & Change, 15: 173–194 | US citizen diplomacy in Nicaragua and USSR. | Full text: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1468-0130.1990.tb00547.x | ||||||||||||||||||||||
68 | Hamilton, John | 1990 | Book | Entangling Alliances | Seven Locks Pr | Argues that all nations are growing more interdependent | Paywalled: https://www.amazon.com/Entangling-Alliances-Third-World-Shapes/dp/0932020828 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | Knelman, F.H. | 1990 | scholarly article/report | The Tourist Citizen Diplomat | Visions in Leisure and Business | This paper introduces a role of citizen diplomat for tourists. The concept of innovative diplomacy, i.e. citizen and municipal diplomacy is applied to tourism. A model of a tourist diplomat guide is outlined, using Canada as the host country. Critical to this guide is describing the identity of the host country through a list of basic elements and situating the role of tourist diplomat in a global context of issues. Peace, human rights and environmental protection are the major issue categories of the context. | https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/visions/vol8/iss4/6/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | McDonald, John W. | 1991 | Book | Further Exploration of Track Two Diplomacy | in Timing the De-Escalation of International Conflicts, edited by Louis Kriesberg and Stuart J. Thorson, 201-220. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1991. | Not available | Paywalled: https://books.google.com.tr/books/about/Further_Exploration_of_Track_Two_Diploma.html?id=7BNFHAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y | ||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | Mueller, Sherry L. | 1991 | New Perspectives on Public Diplomacy | In The Theory and Practice of International Relations, edited by William Clinton Olson, 90-96. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991. | Not available | Not available | |||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | Molander, Earl A | 1991 | Book Chapter | Bridge building from the grass roots: Organization and management of citizen diplomacy programs | Horrendous death and health: Toward action, by Leviton, Daniel (ed.) . 227-244, Chapter xxxi, 328 Pages. Washington, DC, US: Hemisphere Publishing Corp, 1991. | describes the goals, operation, and successes and failures of citizen diplomacy as it has been practiced in the United States over the past 30 years, with particular emphasis on the period since 1982 / the primary analysis of this contemporary period derives from the author's own experience as founder and executive director of the Ground Zero Pairing Projects, a leading citizen diplomacy organization | https://www.proquest.com/docview/618051846/CE3189218F244B4EPQ/5?accountid=14824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | United States Information Agenecy | 1991 | International Visitor Program 50th Anniversary | Washington DC: United States Information Agency, 1991. | Not available | Not available | |||||||||||||||||||||||
74 | Woodward, Ted | 1991 | Scholarly Article | Breaking Barriers Through Adventure-Based Citizen Diplomacy | Journal of Experiential Education, 14(1) | Not available | Paywalled: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/105382599101400102 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
75 | McDonald, John W | 1992 | Scholarly Article | Citizen Diplomacy | Modern Science and Vedic Science. Vol 5 No. 1-2 | Citizen, or Track Two diplomacy, is the nongovernmental, informal and unofficial action by private citizens in such international issues as conflict resolution and prevention, and environmental policies. Track Two diplomacy acts as a supplement to Track One diplomacy, which includes all the governmental, official, and formal activities that occur daily in the international diplomatic arena. As a supplement to official diplomacy, citizen diplomacy has the same broad goals of establishing peace and finding solutions to global problems. However, as its name implies, citizen diplomacy focuses on creating understanding and cooperation among people of different nations through direct, personal contact. It also attempts to change the thinking of Track One since, ultimately, treaties and other official interactions can only occur between governments. During the past three decades, interactions between private citizens from various countries have created positive changes in the areas of nuclear disarmament, the Middle East situation, terrorism and U.S.-Soviet relations, showing that individuals have power, and groups of individuals have even more power to bring about a peaceful world. | Not available | ||||||||||||||||||||||
76 | Adler, Emanuel | 1992 | Scholarly Article | The Emergence of Cooperation: National Epistemic Communities and the International Evolution of the Idea of Nuclear Arms Control | International Organization, 46(1), 101–145 | An American epistemic community played a key role in creating the international shared understanding and practice of nuclear arms control. In the absence of nuclear war, leaders' expectations of nuclear war and of its control were affected by causal theories and abstract propositions and models which, given their "scientific" and technical nature, were developed by an epistemic community. This study, which emphasizes the roles played by epistemic communities in policy innovation and in the diffusion of understandings across nations and communities, analyzes how the theoretical and practical ideas of the arms control epistemic community became political expectations, were diffused to the Soviet Union, and were ultimately embodied in the 1972 antiballistic missile (ABM) arms control treaty. In contrast to those studies that have concentrated primarily on the workings of international epistemic communities, this study stresses the notion that domestically developed theoretical expectations, which were worked out by a national group of experts and selected by the American government as the basis for negotiations with the Soviets, became the seed of the ABM regime. Moreover, by suggesting that the arms control epistemic community was really an aggregation of several factions that shared common ground against various intellectual and policy rivals, this study sheds light on the question of how much coherence an epistemic community requires. The political selection of new conceptual understandings, followed by their retention and diffusion at national and international levels, suggests an evolutionary approach at odds with explanations of international change advanced by structural realism and approaches based on it. | Paywalled: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2706953 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
77 | Reinhold Wagnleitner | 1992 | Scholarly Article | American Cultural Diplomacy, the Cinema, and the Cold War in Central Europe | University of Leeds | In this paper I will not only try to analyze the impact of US-Cultural diplomacy in Germany and Austria during the Allied occupation after 1945, but I want to discuss the important political, social and economic role of this cultural transformation, a massive change achieved through the means of cultural penetration. In a wider context I want to substantiate the following thesis: the so-called Americanization of European culture was not a by-product of the political, military and economic successes of the United States in Cold War Europe but was actually at the center of that process. In a Europe that had been devastated, the USA became synonymous with modernity. By virtually representing the codes of modernity and material abundance, America signified the defeat of the old, the traditional, the small, the narrow--and the poor. To use semiotic terms: America became the sign of the new and the signifier of modernity. | https://universityofleeds.github.io/philtaylorpapers/vp013743.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||
78 | Lauren Goldman Marshall | 1992 | News Article | ENCOUNTERS WITH OPPOSITES IN CITIZEN-DIPLOMACY TRAVEL | Seattle Times | "Sleep when you die" is the tongue-in-cheek motto of Earthstewards Network, a Bainbridge Island-based organization sponsoring such citizen-diplomacy travel to the Middle East and elsewhere. Earthstewards Network exchanges have included encounters between Soviet and American youth and Protestants and Catholics from Northern Ireland. The main criteria to be a citizen diplomat, the organization's leaders say, are caring and a capacity for compassionate listening. | https://www.proquest.com/docview/384549435/CE3189218F244B4EPQ/12?accountid=14824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
79 | Kriesberg, Louis | 1992 | Book | International Conflict Resolution: The US-USSR and Middle East Cases | Connecticut: Yale University Press | Paywalled: https://www.amazon.com/International-Conflict-Resolution-U-S-USSR-Middle/dp/0300051751 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
80 | Rothman, Jay | 1992 | Book | From Confrontation to Cooperation: Resolving Ethnic and Regional Conflict | London: Sage Publications | paywalled: https://www.amazon.com/Confrontation-Cooperation-Resolving-Regional-Conflict/dp/0803946945 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
81 | Yoon, Andy | 1992 | News Article | High Life A WEEKLY FORUM FOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS Getting Lessons in Diplomacy Travel: A Fullerton student shares diary from Singapore trip he and others won through academic competition.: [Orange County Edition] | Los Angeles Times (Pre-1997 Fulltext) | Stepping between the sliding glass doors of Singapore's Changi Airport, I shared the excitement of my teammates Robert Chan, Atsushi Kawamoto, Neha Gupta, Andrew Lu, Sophia Lau, and my team's adviser, Richard Reed. After months of study and preparation, we were finally here, ambassadors to Singapore.The intent of our trip was to let California teen-agers represent their country as ambassadors to Singapore. We did that today when we visited Raffles Junior College (RJC), a two-year school comparable to the 11th and 12th grades of U.S. high schools. | Full text: https://www.proquest.com/docview/281704141/B2E752344022456EPQ/13?accountid=14244 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
82 | Shuman, M. H. | 1992 | scholarly article/report | Dateline main street: courts v. local foreign policies | Foreign Policy | N/A | Full text: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1149195#metadata_info_tab_contents | ||||||||||||||||||||||
83 | Faure, Guy O, and Zubin, Jeffrey Z. | 1993 | Book | Culture and Negotiation | Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications | Culture and Negotiation, an edited volume by Guy Oliver Faure and Jeffery Z. Rubin, compiles an impressive list of authors to address the role of culture in international water resource conflicts. This project, which stems from a joint effort between the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), delves into the multiple interfaces between culture and conflict to arrive at a more systematic understanding of intercultural negotiation practices. With a growing awareness of the forces of globalization dominant in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, especially surrounding environmental concerns, this book adds a fresh perspective to the growing literature on intercultural communication and conflict resolution. In the words of Rubin and Faure, "This is not a book about water resources, Nor is it a book about conflict and negotiation over water.... Rather, this book addresses the way conflict over water resources- and the way such conflict is settled or resolved- is affected by the dimension of culture." | Paywalled: https://www.amazon.com/Guy-Olivier-Faure-Negotiation-Resolution/dp/B008UZ1QM8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
84 | MITCHELL, C.R. | 1993 | Track Two triumphant? reflections on the Oslo process and conflict resolution in the Middle East | ICAR NEWSLETTER. Fall, 5(6) | Not available | Not available | |||||||||||||||||||||||
85 | Falk, Richard | 1993 | Scholarly Article | The making of global citizenship. | Global visions: Beyond the new world order 39 (1993): 50. | Citizenship has always been an uneven experience for the peoples of the world. Even within a particular country, it means one thing for privileged classes, the dominant race, religion, and gender, and quite another for those who are economically, socially, politically, and culturally subordinated to varying degrees. Citizenship, in general, expresses membership and the quality of participation in a political community. Its conditions can be specified by law, but its reality is a matter of politics and the rigors of experience. Thus, citizenship can be understood both formally as a status and, more adequately, existentially as a shifting set of attitudes, relationships, and expectations with no necessary territorial delimitation. This complexity is further compounded by the two sorts of globalization that are impinging on the life experiences of individuals and groups. There is globalization-from-above, reflecting the collaboration between leading states and the main agents of capital formation. This type of globalization disseminates a consumerist ethos and draws into its domain transnational business and political elites. It is the New World Order, whether depicted as a geopolitical project of the US government or as a technological and marketing project of large-scale capital, epitomized by Disney theme parks and franchise capitalism (McDonalds, Hilton, Hertz...). | Paywalled: https://sk.sagepub.com/books/the-condition-of-citizenship/n10.xml | ||||||||||||||||||||||
86 | Arndt, Richard T. and David L. Rubin | 1993 | Book | The Fulbright Difference 1948-1992 | New Jersey: Transaction, 1993. | For almost half a century the Fulbright Education Exchange program has given American and foreign students and scholars transnational educational experiences in every country in the world. The Fulbright Difference brings together twenty-seven of these participants, along with ten foreign alumni, in a collective effort to stimulate greater awareness of the depth of the Fulbright achievement. Fulbright scholars show how the benefits of their participation extend well beyond their foreign study. Following an earlier volume of testimonials by program participants. The Fulbright Experience, this second volume explores issues of importance for historians of society, politics, culture, Intellect, and diplomacy, as well as administrators of the Fulbright program and policymakers in all nations. The collective portrait Is a hard look at the overseas experience and Its implications for public policy. | Paywalled: https://www.worldcat.org/title/fulbright-difference-1948-1992/oclc/26350932 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
87 | Manfredi Sanchez, Juan Luis | 1993 | dissertation/thesis | Hacia une teoria comunicativa de la diplomacia publica | Las relaciones internacionales han cambiado de forma sustancial en los últimos veinte años, ante la creación de un sistema internacional que ha puesto en cuestión las bases sobre las que se sostiene. Tales cambios han favorecido la expansión de la diplomacia pública. El artículo describe las dimensiones y los elementos de las estrategias de la comunicación, así como los retos para su consolidación en el marco de la acción exterior de los actores de las relaciones internacionales. | Paywalled: https://www.academia.edu/1162216/Hacia_una_teor%C3%ADa_comunicativa_de_la_diplomacia_p%C3%BAblica | |||||||||||||||||||||||
88 | Ralph N Clough | 1993 | book | Reaching Across The Taiwan Strait: People-to-people Diplomacy | Westview | Though the governments of mainland China and Taiwan have had no official contact for decades, since 1987 they have maintained increasingly intricate relations with each other through "people-to-people," unofficial diplomacy. In this book, Ralph Clough describes this rapidly changing relationship, analyzing the strategies and policies of the governments in Beijing and Taipei regarding informal diplomacy and the ultimate reunification of Taiwan with mainland China, a goal to which both governments subscribe.Throughout the book, the author looks at unofficial relations between the two countries in such areas as travel; trade and investment; media, sports, and cultural exchanges; and the problems created for each country by piracy, smuggling, and illegal immigration across the Taiwan Strait. In addition to discussing Taiwan's efforts to improve its international status and the PRC's attempts to block them, Clough shows how cross-Strait relations have been affected by the transition from authoritarian to democratic government in Taiwan, where the newly founded opposition party has vigorously advocated Taiwan independence. The author concludes by assessing the implications of the evolving relationship between Taiwan and the PRC for the United States.In addition to the book's importance for all those interested in the economy and international relations of East Asia, it is a valuable case study of strategies for maintaining and improving governmental ties even in the absence of official contact. | https://www.amazon.com/Reaching-Across-Taiwan-People-people/dp/0813317150 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
89 | Heidi H. Hobbs | 1994 | Book | City hall goes abroad: the foreign policy of local politics | SAGE Publications | City Hall Goes Abroad provides a systematic examination of local activism, specifically city governments acting on international issues. It delineates the growth of these activities in the past two decades, focusing on four issues: the comprehensive test ban, nuclear-free zone declarations, divestment from South Africa, and sanctuary for Central American refugees. This book is useful in understanding not only these specific issues and the cities that have acted on them, but the general phenomenon of nonstate activism that has emerged and the direction of this activism in the 1990s and beyond. This unique volume examines the subject matter from both a descriptive and quantitative perspective. The comprehensive way in which the topic is addressed will be of interest to academics, activists, and government practitioners as well as students of urban politics, local government, foreign policy, and international relations. "Heidi H. Hobbs is to be commended for producing a book that should be required reading for any student of foreign policy making--by central and noncentral governments--and that advances the analysis of the global activities of American municipal governments. --Canadian Journal of Urban Research | https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/city-hall-goes-abroad/book4350 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
90 | Charles William Maynes | 1994 | News Article | CITIZEN DIPLOMACY NOTHING NEW JIMMY CARTER LATEST IN LINE OF CIVILIANS WHO SPEAK FOR U.S. | Dayton Daily News | The practice began in 1798, when George Logan, a friend of Thomas Jefferson, went on his own authority to France to secure its accord with the United States. He had some success, but reaped criticism from Jefferson's friends. The U.S. Congress then passed the Logan Act, which provided punishment for any citizen who, without authorization, tried to influence the conduct of a foreign government toward the United States in periods of controversy. | https://www.proquest.com/docview/253835007/CE3189218F244B4EPQ/22?accountid=14824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
91 | Kidder, Rushworth | 1994 | Book | Shared Values for a Troubled World: Conversations with Men and Women of Conscience | San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers | Shared Values for a Troubled World: Conversations with Men and Women of Conscience attempts to identify a core of globally shared ethical values. The author interviews twenty-four notable thinkers of diverse interests and cultural backgrounds, asking each to describe their fundamental moral principles. Drawing on these interviews, Kidder describes a core of common ethical values. | Paywalled: https://www.amazon.com/Shared-Values-Troubled-World-Conversations/dp/1555426034 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
92 | Smith, Michael Peter | 1994 | Scholarly Article | Can you imagine? Transnational migration and the globalization of grassroots politics. | Social Text 39 (1994): 15-33. | This chapter is divided into two main parts. The first deconstructs several emergent dimensions of the globalization of culture and “global cities” that now characterize the lived experiences of transnational migrants, exiles, and refugees. The second focuses on the ways in which new transnational and global grassroots movements are already practicing modes of consciousness and action that move our political imaginary beyond the limits of the global-local duality in social theory and its practical expression in the popular slogan: “Think globally, act locally.” | Paywalled: https://www.jstor.org/stable/466362 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | Naisbitt, John | 1994 | Book | Global Paradox: The Bigger the World Economy, the More Powerful Its Smallest Players | William Morrow & Co; 1st edition | The author of Megatrends looks at the new global environment and the awesome mix of opportunities and challenges it presents to nations, businesses, and individuals. 200,000 first printing. Tour | Paywalled: https://www.amazon.com/Global-Paradox-Economy-Powerful-Smallest/dp/0688127916 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | Schlesinger, Arthur M. | 1994 | The Measure of Diplomacy | Foreign Affairs July-August | Paywalled: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/review-essay/1994-07-01/measure-diplomacy | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
95 | Kennedy, David M. Center for International for International Studies | 1995 | Book | Citizen Diplomacy: Responding to Questions About America | David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies, Brigham Young University | Citizen Diplomacy is primarily intended for those who travel abroad or host international visitors in the United States - Americans who find themselves in the position of a citizen diplomat. However, even visitors from outside the United States will likely find much in the book enlightening. Citizen Diplomacy is not an official handbook. Hopefully, readers will find the information helpful in formulating their replies to questions posed to them. The style of the responses - balanced, nonconfrontational, and nondefensive - may be more important than their content. | Paywalled: https://www.amazon.com/Citizen-Diplomacy-Responding-Questions-America/dp/0912575158 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
96 | Stanford, Karin L. | 1995 | Scholarly Article | Citizen Diplomacy and Jesse Jackson: A Case Study for Influencing US Foreign Policy Toward South Africa | The Western Journal of Black Studies, 19(1), p. 19. | Paywalled: https://search.proquest.com/openview/200dc774afdf8214cf83708194be36cd/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1821483 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | Jandt, Fred E, and Pedersen, Paul | 1996 | Book | Constructive Conflict Management: Asia-Pacific Cases | Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications | Constructive Conflict Management: Asia-Pacific Cases is an edited volume that was developed out of a 1994 international conference entitled "Conflict Resolution in the Asia-Pacific Region: Culture, Problem-Solving, and Peacemaking". This book presents case studies developed for the conference, which cover a variety of conflict types and resolution approaches. The studies are grouped together by the following topic structure: "regional/cultural context, nuclear family conflict, extended family conflict, land and environmental conflict, business conflicts, neighborhood disputes, and conflicts involving indigenous peoples" (xix-xx). The overall goal of the work is to develop models of dispute resolution for the Asia-Pacific region that "demonstrate the interrelationships between culture, conflict, and dispute resolution" (xx). | Paywalled: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-97835-000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
98 | Habermas,Jurgen | 1996 | Book | Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy | The MIT Press | In his sweeping account of the rule of law and deliberative democracy, Habermas advances thinking in his The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere (1962) and Theory of Communicative Action (1981). Perhaps the most influential defender of the Enlightenment in the post-modern era, his chapters on civil society, public opinion, communicative power, and the political public sphere are useful for students interested in engaging theoretical issues in public diplomacy. | Paywalled: https://mitpress.mit.edu/books/between-facts-and-norms | ||||||||||||||||||||||
99 | United States Advisory Commission on Public Diplomacy | 1996 | Government Report | A New Diplomacy for the Information Age | State.gov | Not available | https://1997-2001.state.gov/policy/pdadcom/1996rep.html#:~:text=The%20information%20revolution%20and%20the,foundations%20of%20a%20New%20Diplomacy.&text=To%20the%20President%2C%20Congress%2C%20and%20the%20American%20People%3A,America%20communicates%20with%20the%20world. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | Saunders, Harold | 1996 | Book Chapter | Prenegotiation and Circum-negotiation: Arenas of the Peace Process | In Managing Global Chaos: Sources and Responses to International Conflict. Colorado University | Saunders argues that the peace process includes more than just official negotiations. "Peace requires a process of building constructive relationships in a civil society not just negotiating, signing, and ratifying a formal agreement."[p. 420] Saunders describes the different arenas in which the peace process is pursued, and describes the basic phases of the peace process. | Full text: http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/example/saun7270.htm |