| A | B | C | D | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Symbol | Name | Meaning | Type |
2 | df | Degrees of freedom. | Abbreviation | |
3 | IQR | Inter-quartile range. | Abbreviation | |
4 | NHST | Null hypothesis significance testing. The standard method of using data to test a hypothesis. | Abbreviation | |
5 | Q1 | Lower quartile (25th percentile). | Abbreviation | |
6 | Q3 | Upper quartile (75th percentile). | Abbreviation | |
7 | sd | Standard deviation. | Abbreviation | |
8 | ! | factorial | Multiple the value by all lower integers, e.g. 4! = 4x3x2x1 = 24 | Mathematical notation |
9 | < | less-than sign | is less than | Mathematical notation |
10 | > | greater-than sign | is greater than | Mathematical notation |
11 | |x| | absolute | Positive numbers stay the same. Negative numbers are changed to positive. | Mathematical notation |
12 | √ | square-root | Mathematical notation | |
13 | ≤ | less-than-or-equal-to sign | is less than or equal to | Mathematical notation |
14 | ≥ | greater-than-or-equal-to sign | is greater than or equal to | Mathematical notation |
15 | Σ | sigma | Sum of | Mathematical notation |
16 | d | Difference. Cohen's d is a measure of effect size, which is a standardised difference (Cohen's d = 1 means a difference of one standard deviation). | Statistical notation | |
17 | H₀ | H zero or H nought | Null hypothesis. | Statistical notation |
18 | H₁ or Hₐ | H one or H a | Alternative hypothesis. | Statistical notation |
19 | k | The number of levels of an independent variable. | Statistical notation | |
20 | n | Sample size. | Statistical notation | |
21 | N | Population size. | Statistical notation | |
22 | p | Probability | Statistical notation | |
23 | s | Standard deviation of a sample. | Statistical notation | |
24 | x | A particular value of variable X. | Statistical notation | |
25 | X | A particular variable. Often used to denote an independent or predictor variable. | Statistical notation | |
26 | x̄ | x bar | Mean of a sample of values of x. | Statistical notation |
27 | y | A particular value of variable Y. | Statistical notation | |
28 | Y | A particular variable. Often used to denote the dependent or criterion variable. | Statistical notation | |
29 | z | A particular standardised value (x / sₓ). | Statistical notation | |
30 | α | alpha | Critical level of significance and therefore also probability of a Type I error. | Statistical notation |
31 | β | beta | Probability of a Type II error and therefore also 1-power. | Statistical notation |
32 | μ | mu | Mean of a population. | Statistical notation |
33 | σ | sigma | Standard deviation of a population. | Statistical notation |
34 | φ | phi | The probability density function of the normal distribution. | Statistical notation |
35 | B | Unstandardised regression coefficient, usually used with subscripts where B₀ is the constant. | Test statistic | |
36 | F | ANOVA, F-test or F-ratio test statistic. Also used in the Levene's test for homogeneity of variance. | Test statistic | |
37 | H | Kruskal-Wallis H test (non-parametric one-way independent ANOVA). | Test statistic | |
38 | Q | Freidman test (non-parametric one-way repeated ANOVA). | Test statistic | |
39 | r | Pearson correlation coefficient (parametric). | Test statistic | |
40 | t | T-test test statistic. | Test statistic | |
41 | T | Historical test statistic for Wilcoxon signed-rank test (non-parametric paired t-test), which is easier to calculate by hand. | Test statistic | |
42 | U | Mann–Whitney U test (non-parametric independent t-test). | Test statistic | |
43 | W | Wilcoxon signed-rank test (non-parametric paired t-test). | Test statistic | |
44 | W | Shapiro-Wilk test of normality. | Test statistic | |
45 | W | Mauchly test of sphericity. | Test statistic | |
46 | α | alpha | Cronbach's alpha test statistic (reliability). | Test statistic |
47 | β | beta | Standardised regression coefficient | Test statistic |
48 | ε | epsilon | Measure of sphericity (estimated by both Greenhouse-Geisser and the Huynd-Feldt procedures). Sphericity is the assumption of homogeneity of variance of the differences in a repeated measures design. | Test statistic |
49 | η² | eta-squared | A measure of effect size use in one-way ANOVA. It is the proportion of the variation (sum of squares) explained by the effect. With the addition of a subscript p it becomes partial eta-squared, which is used in multi-way ANOVA. | Test statistic |
50 | ρ | rho | Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (non-parametric). | Test statistic |
51 | τ | tau | Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient (non-parametric). | Test statistic |
52 | χ² | chi-squared | Chi-squared test statistic. | Test statistic |
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