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Dashboard 5. Socioeconomic sustainability
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Top third
Middle third
Bottom third
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Three-colour coding is used to visualize partial grouping of countries by indicator. For each indicator countries are divided into three groups of approximately equal size (terciles): the top third, the middle third and the bottom third. Aggregates are colour coded using the same tercile cutoffs. See Notes after the table.
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SDG 17.4SDG 9.5SDG 10.1SDG 5SDG 10.1
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Economic sustainabilitySocial sustainability
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Dependency ratioEducation and health expenditure versus military expenditure
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Adjusted net savingsTotal debt serviceGross capital formationSkilled labour forceConcentration index (exports)Research and development expenditure Old age (65 and older)Military expenditureaRatio of education and health expenditure to military expenditureOverall loss in HDI value due to inequalitybGender Inequality IndexbIncome share of the poorest 40 percentc
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HDI rankCountry(% of GNI)(% of exports of goods, services and primary income)(% of GDP)(% of labour force)(value)(% of GDP)(per 100 people ages 15–64)(% of GDP)Average annual change (%)
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2015–2020d2015–2020d2015–2021d2010–2021d20212014–2021d2030e2017–2020d2016–2019f2010/2021g2005/2021g2005/2021
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Very high human development
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1Switzerland12.7..23.685.80.271h3.136.80.825.7..-8.8-0.2
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2Norway12.8..25.281.20.3942.332.6i1.910.2-1.2-8.80.1
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3Iceland8.1..23.079.20.4802.528.8....-3.0-5.50.4
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4Hong Kong, China (SAR)....17.678.90.3511.045.5..........
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5Australia5.9..22.785.80.3491.830.6j2.17.6-0.4-3.8-0.1
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6Denmark20.4..23.380.60.0763.036.81.413.2-1.1-8.6-0.3
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7Sweden18.7..25.685.20.0883.535.21.218.00.4-4.4-0.4
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8Ireland16.5..24.286.60.3051.227.80.335.7-1.2-5.50.6
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9Germany11.9..22.785.40.0833.144.21.414.0..-2.40.0
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10Netherlands15.3..21.279.40.0882.339.11.412.6-0.1-6.30.0
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11Finland10.3..24.387.90.1292.942.4k1.511.2-0.8-5.6-0.1
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12Singapore28.3..24.470.60.2431.934.53.22.4-0.1-8.0..
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13Belgium9.9..26.386.90.4693.537.11.119.3-1.5-4.70.3
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13New Zealand9.4..22.3..0.2031.431.31.512.4..-4.1..
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15Canada3.6..23.792.30.1471.736.51.413.1l-0.8-4.00.0
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16Liechtenstein............40.6..........
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17Luxembourg16.6..18.280.80.1131.127.60.815.21.6-6.7-0.7
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18United Kingdom3.4..17.483.90.1141.735.22.27.70.3-4.4-0.2
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19Japan4.7..25.4..0.1293.354.21.014.7..-3.32.1
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19Korea (Republic of)18.2..31.886.70.1784.838.02.84.8-1.2-2.50.1
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21United States5.3..21.296.70.0833.532.63.76.5-0.4-2.2-0.2
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22Israel18.5..22.890.10.1555.421.65.62.6-1.2-4.30.8
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23Malta....23.269.10.2520.734.00.627.6-0.6-3.3-0.4
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23Slovenia11.2..22.093.60.2042.140.01.113.5-2.0-3.90.1
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25Austria12.2..27.686.70.0643.238.80.820.90.8-5.0-0.3
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26United Arab Emirates....22.253.00.2371.43.25.6l....-14.3..
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27Spain7.4..21.567.80.0891.438.7m1.410.5..-4.7-0.5
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28France5.8..25.486.00.0682.440.92.19.0-0.4-3.9-0.3
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29Cyprus0.3..16.886.10.3460.826.4n1.87.8-2.4-0.9-0.2
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30Italy5.2..20.069.50.0531.546.71.69.5-0.2-6.9-0.4
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31Estonia15.9..30.590.20.4881.837.22.35.9-2.1-4.90.3
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32Czechia9.2..29.895.30.1162.034.01.410.8-1.7-1.50.2
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33Greece-7.0..17.882.80.2361.541.42.84.3-0.3-2.50.3
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34Poland10.6..20.895.10.0621.434.02.25.3-3.1-2.31.3
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35Bahrain8.9..35.3..0.3300.18.64.11.5..-3.9..
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35Lithuania10.9..18.695.90.0881.241.12.15.3-1.9-3.70.0
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35Saudi Arabia13.4..23.6..0.5640.57.98.41.6..-6.1..
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38Portugal1.5..19.764.40.0681.643.22.17.8..-5.50.9
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39Latvia5.6..27.293.00.0850.740.52.35.1-2.3-3.10.8
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40Andorra........0.192..31.0..........
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40Croatia11.1..20.292.20.0661.241.01.86.8..-3.31.0
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42Chile6.5..25.376.30.4840.325.51.97.8-1.1-4.21.4
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42Qatar19.4..43.0..0.5480.53.21.5l4.3l......
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44San Marino....18.1......40.8..........
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45Slovakia2.8..21.495.80.2320.931.31.88.7-1.4-0.40.7
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46Hungary11.2..30.688.90.1001.632.61.610.0-1.1-1.10.6
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47Argentina8.341.117.168.60.2110.519.90.820.2-0.8-1.61.1
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48Türkiye12.941.331.949.50.0601.117.22.83.3-1.3-4.10.1
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49Montenegro..102.325.691.40.2180.430.12.1........
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50Kuwait12.2..25.0..0.6370.213.86.52.2..-1.0..
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51Brunei Darussalam29.8..31.377.50.4510.313.74.12.0......
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52Russian Federation9.123.022.595.90.2951.129.34.32.7-1.9-3.61.2
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53Romania5.520.425.986.40.0980.530.32.34.9-1.1-1.50.9
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54Oman-11.1..20.7..0.3900.45.110.91.1..-0.9..
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55Bahamas15.6..25.8..0.394..18.1......-0.6..
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56Kazakhstan5.656.328.5..0.4820.115.91.15.3-5.3-4.72.8
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57Trinidad and Tobago......71.80.3460.123.10.715.1..-0.4..
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58Costa Rica14.214.819.645.10.2600.421.40.0..-0.5-1.9-0.4
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58Uruguay5.2..18.425.00.2750.526.52.36.8-2.2-2.71.1
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60Belarus13.311.224.898.60.0890.531.81.38.8..-2.80.6
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61Panama19.031.324.158.70.1550.117.10.0..-1.0-1.21.4
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62Malaysia-1.4..22.3..0.2301.014.2o1.17.7..-1.41.5
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63Georgia-5.835.321.994.00.2300.327.2p1.86.0..-2.10.6
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63Mauritius5.026.319.967.80.1930.425.5q0.270.0..-0.8-0.2
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63Serbia4.919.225.683.50.0760.935.3r2.15.5......
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66Thailand11.76.229.140.70.0731.132.61.55.0-2.9-1.01.2
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High human development
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67Albania-5.729.924.179.90.2210.2l33.41.57.8-1.6-4.6-0.1
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68Bulgaria8.012.619.688.20.0820.938.51.89.51.8-1.0-0.7
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68Grenada..11.0....0.236..19.1..........
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70Barbados-1.9..18.132.50.185..32.6......-1.5..
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71Antigua and Barbuda....57.7..0.557..22.5..........
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72Seychelles....34.295.00.4390.217.71.66.8......
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73Sri Lanka17.239.327.741.40.1810.122.51.93.0..-0.80.2
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74Bosnia and Herzegovina..22.622.486.70.1130.234.30.9....-4.20.2
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75Saint Kitts and Nevis........0.282..19.8..........
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76Iran (Islamic Republic of)..0.931.552.40.3510.915.02.24.9..-0.70.6
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77Ukraine-2.724.513.880.20.1670.433.5s4.13.6-2.1-3.80.6
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78North Macedonia13.115.833.883.90.2390.427.31.3....-2.73.0
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79China16.29.243.4..0.0932.426.51.75.1-0.2-1.90.6
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80Dominican Republic17.045.031.449.00.190..14.80.814.5-1.9-0.92.2
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80Moldova (Republic of)4.817.528.764.50.1740.223.3t0.435.2-2.6-2.11.9
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80Palau......92.50.403..19.4..........
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83Cuba....9.9..0.2550.531.72.97.1l..-0.5..
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84Peru8.813.422.664.20.2870.215.31.37.6-1.9-1.21.6
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85Armenia-1.134.919.695.00.3040.227.44.92.9-0.4-3.61.4
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86Mexico4.915.520.245.40.1280.315.80.620.2-1.3-2.01.0
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87Brazil6.350.618.969.40.2061.219.01.410.4-0.8-1.22.3