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P361 (part of)/49

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1143

Strain-gauge Plethysmographic Analysis of the CErebral DRainage Experimented and Assessed in the Micro-gravitational Setting

Strain-gauge Plethysmographic Analysis of the CErebral DRainage Experimented and Assessed in the Micro-gravitational Setting

2014-09-10T00:00:00

2016-03-03T00:00:00

On Earth, blood flows down from a person’s brain back toward the heart thanks in part to gravity, but very little is known about how this flow happens without gravity’s effects.  Many crew members report headaches and other neurological symptoms in space, which may be related to the absence of gravity acting on blood flowing through the veins. Drain Brain uses a special neck collar to measure blood flow from the brain, to help researchers understand which physical processes in the body can compensate for the lack of gravity to ensure blood flows properly.

University of Ferrara

NASA - Italian Space Agency (ASI)

10.1088/1361-6579/aa8980

10.1016/j.sna.2017.11.030

10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.11.001

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=503

Role of Weightlessness on Metabolism

Role of Weightlessness on Metabolism

2003-10-01T00:00:00

2004-10-01T00:00:00

Utrecht University

European Space Agency (ESA)

Johannes Boonstra

10.1007/s12217-010-9185-x

10.1016/fjdljfkaposd

10.1007/BF02919477

https://eea.spaceflight.esa.int/portal/exp/?id=6937

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1096

Rodent Research Facility

Rodent Research Facility

Rodent Research

Rodent Research Facility;

Rodent Research

2014-09-10T00:00:00

2017-09-02T00:00:00

The Rodent Research Facility provides rodent housing on board the International Space Station (ISS). Animal research is essential for understanding the impacts of spaceflight on the systems of the human body, and for development of potential therapies that will ease harmful responses to space flight. The advisory panel for Animal and Human Biology appointed by the Committee for the Decadal Survey on Biological and Physical Sciences in Space was unanimous in its recommendation that an animal habitat be incorporated as soon as possible into the ISS.

NASA Ames Research Center

NASA – International Space Station – Vehicle Office (NASA-ISS-Vehicle Office)

10.3390/cancers12020381

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1283

EXPOSE-R-Roscosmos

EXPOSE-R-Roscosmos

2006-04-01T00:00:00

2015-09-11T00:00:00

State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS (ROSCOSMOS)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=846

ISS SERVIR Environmental Research and Visualization System

ISS SERVIR Environmental Research and Visualization System

2012-05-01T00:00:00

2019-10-16T00:00:00

The ISS SERVIR Environmental Research and Visualization System (ISERV) automatically takes images of Earth through a small telescope with an off-the-shelf digital camera mounted in the International Space Station’s Destiny module. When ISERV is running, it captures 3 images per second that cover approximately a 19 km x 11 km area each. The goal is to improve automatic image capturing and data transfer, but the images taken in the experiment could also help environmental scientists, disaster responders and other Earth-based users.

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

National Laboratory - U.S. Agency for International Development (NL-USAID)

Jaganathan Ranganathan

10.5194/isprsarchives-XL-7-W3-851-2015

10.1007/978-3-319-33438-7_2

10.1016/j.spacepol.2016.05.005

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1901

Metagenomic Sequencing of the Bacteriome in GI Tract of Twin Astronauts

Metagenomic Sequencing of the Bacteriome in GI Tract of Twin Astronauts

Twins Study - Turek

2015-03-12T00:00:00

2016-03-03T00:00:00

Although identical twins are genetically almost the same, differences in environment, diet and other outside factors can affect their health in different ways. The Twins Study is an integrated compilation of ten studies at multiple research centers that examines the effects of space travel on twin astronauts, one of whom stays on the International Space Station for one year while his twin remains on Earth. Metagenomic Sequencing of the Bacteriome in GI Tract of Twin Astronauts (Twins Study – Turek) examines how an astronaut’s microbiome changes during spaceflight and after return to Earth, whether these changes are different from those in his twin brother who remains Earth-bound, and how these changes relate to the various changes noted by other Twins Study investigators.

NASA Johnson Space Center, Human Research Program

Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD)

10.1126/science.aau8650

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/1942.html

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8836

2022-03-30T00:00:00

2022-09-29T00:00:00

HSU-SAT1, a 1-Unit (1U) CubeSat that provides a demonstration that modulated infrared light emitted from a ground station, can be used as a command transmission link. HSU-SAT1 also evaluates new technologies for electrical power supply, on board computing, and other satellite bus components. HSU-SAT1 is deployed as a part of the JEM Small Satellite Orbital Deployer-22 (J-SSOD-22) CubeSat deployment mission, and is launched to the International Space Station aboard the SpaceX-25 Dragon Cargo Vehicle.

General Incorporated Foundation Future Science Institute

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Toshiki Nakamura

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1727

Culture, Values, and Environmental Adaptation in Space

Culture, Values, and Environmental Adaptation in Space

At Home in Space;

At Home in Space

At Home in Space

2015-09-11T00:00:00

2019-10-16T00:00:00

Culture, Values, and Environmental Adaptation in Space (At Home In Space) assesses culture, values, and psychosocial adaptation of astronauts to a space environment shared by multinational crews on long-duration missions. It is hypothesized that astronauts develop a shared space culture that is an adaptive strategy for handling cultural differences and they deal with the isolated confined environment of the space craft by creating a home in space. At Home In Space uses a questionnaire battery to investigate individual and culturally related differences, family functioning, values, coping with stress, and post-experience growth.

Canadian Space Agency (CSA)

Canadian Space Agency (CSA)

10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.07.032

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8535

In Situ Chemiluminescent Reader

In Situ Chemiluminescent Reader

2017-04-10T00:00:00

2018-02-27T00:00:00

The In Situ Chemiluminescence Reader is a portable device that can be easily used by a crew member to perform ultrasensitive imaging detection of bio- and chemiluminescence signals. When coupled with suitable analytical cartridges, the device can perform sensitive and specific quantitative measurement of biomarkers on non-invasively withdrawn biological fluids samples (in particular, saliva samples).

University of Bologna

NASA - Italian Space Agency (ASI)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=7661

NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-The Effects of Microgravity on Brine Shrimp

NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-The Effects of Microgravity on Brine Shrimp

NanoRacks-VCHS-Brine Shrimp

2017-04-10T00:00:00

2017-09-02T00:00:00

NanoRacks-Valley Christian High School-The Effects of Microgravity on Brine Shrimp (NanoRacks-VCHS-Brine Shrimp) investigates how well brine shrimp grow under different conditions in the microgravity environment of space. Brine shrimp are relevant to space exploration because their eggs can lie dormant for long periods and the shrimp can withstand a range of conditions, making them a potential renewable source of protein, calories or feed on long space journeys. NanoRacks-VCHS-Brine Shrimp uses an automated apparatus to hatch the shrimp, grow them with differing levels of carbon dioxide and photograph their development for comparison with control groups on Earth.

Valley Christian High School

National Laboratory Education (NLE)

Valley Christian High School

Lowell Center for Space Science and Technology

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=180

Dynamically Controlled Protein Crystal Growth

Dynamically Controlled Protein Crystal Growth

2001-08-01T00:00:00

2001-12-01T00:00:00

Demonstrated significant advances in the ability of researchers to control protein crystal growth processes. Previous research demonstrated that macromolecular crystals grown in microgravity are frequently larger and more perfectly formed than their Earth grown counterparts. Understanding the results obtained from the crystals will lead to advances in manufacturing and biological processes.

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center

Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD)

Lawrence DeLucas

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/background/facts/dcpcg.html

http://www.cbse.uab.edu/

UAB Center for Biophysical Sciences and Engineering

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8286

Robotic Arm Repair Satellite

Robotic Arm Repair Satellite

2022-09-29T00:00:00

2023-03-28T00:00:00

The Robotic Arm Repair Satellite (RSat) demonstrates a small satellite platform to survey and possibly repair larger conventional spacecraft on orbit. The CubeSat has robotic arms fitted with claws and cameras to obtain diagnostic information and is intended to operate in constant contact with a host spacecraft. Results could advance the use of robotic assistance on future space missions.

United States Naval Academy

NASA – Department of Defense (NASA-DoD)

https://www.usna.edu/Users/aero/kang/Research.php

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=942

Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 05: Spiders, Fruit Flies and Directional Plant Growth

Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 05: Spiders, Fruit Flies and Directional Plant Growth

2011-03-01T00:00:00

2012-05-01T00:00:00

Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus Science Insert - 05: Spiders, Fruit Flies and Directional Plant Growth (CSI-05) examines the long duration orb weaving characteristics of a Nephila clavipes (golden orb-web spiders), the movement behavior of fruit flies, and the thigmatropic (directional plant growth in response to a stimulus of direct contact) and phototropic (directional plant growth in response to a light source) responses that occur during seed germination in microgravity. CSI-05 utilizes the unique microgravity environment of the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the K-12 classroom to encourage learning and interest in science, technology, engineering and math.

Baylor College of Medicine, Center for Education Outreach

National Laboratory Education (NLE)

SHARMILA BHATTACHARYA

Stefanie COUNTRYMAN

10.1007/s00114-020-01708-8

10.4271/2003-01-2530

10.4271/2004-01-2394

https://www.nasa.gov/pdf/360402main_P12_1040_BioServe.pdf

BioServe Space Technologies

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oB0s8Di0sHM&feature=channel_video_title

Esmerelda fly capture Spiders in Space - STS-134

NASA Johnson Space Center, National Laboratory Office

Denver Museum of Nature and Science

National Space Biomedical Research Institute

Samuel Zschokke

Heike Winter-Sederoff

National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/nlab/index.html

NASA ISS National Lab office

https://www.colorado.edu/center/bioserve/

BioServe Space Technologies

https://www.butterflies.org/

https://www.dmns.org/

Denver Museum of Natural Science

https://www.bioedonline.org/

http://www.orionsquest.org/

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=963

Space Acceleration Measurement System-II

Space Acceleration Measurement System-II

2001-03-01T00:00:00

2025-09-30T00:00:00

Space Acceleration Measurement System-II (SAMS-II) is an ongoing study of the small forces (vibrations and accelerations) on the International Space Station (ISS) resulting from the operation of hardware, crew activities, dockings and maneuvering. Results generalize the types of vibrations affecting vibration-sensitive experiments and structural life of ISS. Investigators and Structural Analysts seek to better understand the vibration environment on the ISS using SAMS-II data and assessing station loads and dynamics.

ZIN Technologies Incorporated

NASA – International Space Station – Vehicle Office (NASA-ISS-Vehicle Office)

KEVIN MCPHERSON

10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.04.008

10.1007/s12217-014-9376-y

10.1134/S0010952513040096

http://issresearchproject.grc.nasa.gov/Acceleration/SAMS/

http://pims.grc.nasa.gov/

Principal Investigator Microgravity Services

http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=18571

SpaceRef.com - End of an Era for SAMS

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1400

Studying Plasma Dust Crystals and Liquids in Microgravity on the ISS RS - Poisk-PK-3-1

Studying Plasma Dust Crystals and Liquids in Microgravity on the ISS RS - Poisk-PK-3-1

Poisk-PK-3-1 (Reconnaissance-PK-3-1)

2000-11-01T00:00:00

2001-12-01T00:00:00

Studying Plasma Dust Crystals and Liquids in Microgravity on the ISS RS-Poisk-PK-3-1 is conducted within a framework of international cooperation with the German Space Agency (DLR), the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, the European Space Agency, and Roscosmos.

State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS (ROSCOSMOS)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=753

Hydrotropism and Auxin-Inducible Gene expression in Roots Grown Under Microgravity Conditions

Hydrotropism and Auxin-Inducible Gene expression in Roots Grown Under Microgravity Conditions

2010-03-01T00:00:00

2011-03-01T00:00:00

Hydrotropism and Auxin-Inducible Gene expression in Roots Grown Under Microgravity Conditions (HydroTropi) determines whether hydrotropic response can be used for the control of cucumber, Cucumis sativus, root growth orientation in microgravity.

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Hideyuki Takahashi

10.3732/ajb.1200419

10.1007/s00425-012-1655-5

10.1104/pp.111.188615

Atsushi Higashibata

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1222

Altcriss-Roscosmos

Altcriss-Roscosmos

2006-04-01T00:00:00

2007-10-01T00:00:00

State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS (ROSCOSMOS)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=912

Space Seeds for Asian Future 2013

Space Seeds for Asian Future 2013

2013-03-13T00:00:00

2013-09-11T00:00:00

Students in Asia compare plant growth in space and those on the ground to learn the importance of space biology research. This is a simple plant culture experiment for education, training and basic science. Azuki seeds will be packed and launched. Seeds will be watered and incubated under dark condition with light-shield bag in the JEM. Seedlings are monitored their germination, growing direction with JEM internal camera. High quality image will be down linked and to be distributed to the participating Asian countries.

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Nobuyoshi Fujimoto

10.1088/1742-6596/771/1/012046

10.2322/tastj.12.Tp_1

10.2187/bss.28.6

Kazuhiro Miyazaki

Shigeki Kamigaichi

Thomas Djamaluddin

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=635

Advanced Biological Research System

Advanced Biological Research System

2008-10-01T00:00:00

2015-03-12T00:00:00

The Advanced Biological Research System (ABRS) provides two independently controlled environmental chambers capable of conducting a wide variety of biological investigations using plants, microorganisms, or small arthropods. The temperatures, lighting conditions, and atmospheric compositions within these chambers are adjusted for different experiments.

NASA Kennedy Space Center

Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD)

10.1016/j.lssr.2016.06.004

http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/360398main_P08_1005_KSCBion.pdf

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8238

Tessellated Electromagnetic Space Structures for the Exploration of Reconfigurable, Adaptive Environments

Tessellated Electromagnetic Space Structures for the Exploration of Reconfigurable, Adaptive Environments

2019-10-16T00:00:00

2020-04-17T00:00:00

MIT Media Lab Space Exploration Initiative is demonstrating Tessellated Electromagnetic Space Structures for the Exploration of Reconfigurable, Adaptive Environments (TESSERAE), an investigation that uses the NanoRacks BlackBox platform. TESSARAE tests an autonomous, self-assembling robotic swarm of tiles as a method for in-orbit construction of satellites and space habitats. Such capabilities could support human missions to the Moon and Mars.

MIT Media Lab, Space Exploration Initiative

National Laboratory (NL)

Joseph Paradiso

https://www.media.mit.edu/groups/space-exploration/overview/

https://www.media.mit.edu/posts/iss-mission-2020/

Specific website for this investigation (not public until launch)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1688

Cool Flames Investigation

Cool Flames Investigation

2016-03-02T00:00:00

2018-02-27T00:00:00

Some types of fuels initially burn very hot, then appear to go out — but they continue burning at a much lower temperature, with no visible flames (cool flames). Understanding cool flame combustion helps scientists develop new engines and fuels that are more efficient and less harmful to the environment. The Cool Flames Investigation provides new insight into this phenomenon, as well as new data on fire safety in space.

NASA Glenn Research Center

NASA - Biological and Physical Sciences-Physical Sciences (NASA-BPS-Physical Sciences)

10.2514/1.J054437

https://gipoc.grc.nasa.gov/wp/fcf-cir/mdca/cfi/

ZIN Technologies Incorporated

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1136

Lifetime Heritable Effect of Space Radiation on Mouse embryos Preserved for a long-term in ISS

Lifetime Heritable Effect of Space Radiation on Mouse embryos Preserved for a long-term in ISS

2014-09-10T00:00:00

2016-09-06T00:00:00

Exposure to radiation from the sun and cosmic sources is one of the biggest concerns for astronauts on prolonged space missions, and the Lifetime Heritable Effect of Space Radiation on Mouse embryos Preserved for a long-term in ISS (Embryo Rad) will study mice to examine the possible effects of space radiation on the entire body. Frozen mouse embryos will be exposed to the radiation environment of the International Space Station, and then the embryos will return to Earth to be implanted into surrogate mothers and to live out their lives. Scientists will be able to study any possible changes in the animals’ lifespan, cancer development, and gene mutations that may result from exposure to radiation.

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Shizuko Kakinuma

10.1093/jrr/rrw020

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=952

ISS Testbed for Analog Research Crew Autonomous Procedures

ISS Testbed for Analog Research Crew Autonomous Procedures

ISTAR Crew Autonomous Procedures

2012-05-01T00:00:00

2013-09-11T00:00:00

The ISS Testbed for Analog Research Crew Autonomous Procedures (ISTAR Crew Autonomous Procedures) investigation, an Exploration Detailed Test Objective (xDTO), examines how mission operations can be optimized in the presence of speed-of-light communication delays of up to tens of minutes. Present human space missions rely upon fast and almost continuous voice, data, command, and telemetry transmissions between crew and ground, a model that cannot succeed for exploration missions to Mars, near-Earth asteroids, or other targets in deep space. This investigation explores two ways to lessen the impact of delayed communication: first, providing the crew with revised written work instructions ("procedures") that give them extra information they need to complete a job and solve any problems that may arise while they do it, without having to call Mission Control as they do today; and second, supplementing voice calls between the crew and Mission Control with text messaging, a popular and intuitive method of communicating with variable delay which has proved its value in ground-based exploration mission simulations employing delayed communication and which is ready to be tested in space.

Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD)

http://www.nasa.gov/exploration/analogs/index.html

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=7469

Validating New Omnidirectional Radiation Monitoring on ISS

Validating New Omnidirectional Radiation Monitoring on ISS

RadMap Telescope

RadMap Telescope

2021-10-17T00:00:00

2022-09-29T00:00:00

Understanding and overcoming the human risks from space radiation is one of the major challenges facing future space exploration. The Validating New Radiation-Sensing Technologies (RadMap Telescope) demonstrates new radiation-sensing technologies for applications in autonomous and crewed spacecraft. These technologies, which have just become sufficiently mature for large-scale applications, enable compact yet highly capable radiation monitors so future spacecraft can benefit from increased measurement capabilities with fewer sensors.

Airbus DS Space Systems, Inc

National Laboratory (NL)

Martin Losekamm

10.1109/AERO50100.2021.9438435

Technical University of Munich (TUM)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=804

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 7

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 7

2011-09-01T00:00:00

2012-05-01T00:00:00

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Education Payload Observation 7 (JAXA EPO 7) activities demonstrate educational events and artistic activities on board the ISS/JEM to enlighten the general public about microgravity research and human space flight.

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

http://iss.jaxa.jp/utiliz/pdf/epo_pamphlet_e.pdf

Yoichiro Kawaguchi

Mitsuhiko Tabuchi

Mitsuhiko Tabuchi

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1721

NanoRacks Kaber Mission 1-NovaWurks-Satlet Initial Mission Proofs and Lessons

NanoRacks Kaber Mission 1-NovaWurks-Satlet Initial Mission Proofs and Lessons

NanoRacks-NovaWurks-SIMPL-Microsat

Combined Satellite

Combined Satellite

2015-09-11T00:00:00

2018-02-27T00:00:00

Instead of single large satellites launching on their own dedicated rockets, future satellites will be assembled in space using smaller components, delivered in large groups and assembled on the International Space Station. The NanoRacks Kaber Mission 1-NovaWurks-Satlet Initial Proofs and Lessons (NanoRacks-NovaWurks-SIMPL-Micrsosat) investigation studies small components called satlets, which are building blocks of larger satellites that are launched from the NanoRacks Microsat Deployer. The satlets are combined to form larger satellites or satellite constellations that share power, data and other resources and perform many different tasks.

National Laboratory (NL)

http://www.novawurks.com/

http://nanoracks.com/

NanoRacks-MicroSat-SIMPL;

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8439

Effects of Microgravity on the Structure and Function of Proximal and Distal Tubule MPS

Effects of Microgravity on the Structure and Function of Proximal and Distal Tubule MPS

2021-04-17T00:00:00

2021-10-17T00:00:00

Effects of Microgravity on the Structure and Function of Proximal and Distal Tubule MPS (Kidney Cells-02) uses a 3D kidney cell model or chip to study the effects of microgravity on formation of microcrystals in kidney tubules. In microgravity, these microcrystals are expected to remain evenly suspended, allowing better observation of their effects. Astronauts living in microgravity can experience dehydration, stasis, and bone demineralization, all frequent contributors to kidney stones. Results could support design of better treatments for conditions such as kidney stones and osteoporosis for astronauts and people on Earth.

BioServe Space Technologies

National Laboratory - National Institutes of Health (NL-NIH)

Jonathan Himmelfarb

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1158

Biological Research in Canisters-21 (BRIC-21)

Biological Research in Canisters-21 (BRIC-21)

2015-03-12T00:00:00

2015-09-11T00:00:00

One of the most challenging aspects of spaceflight is the combination of suppressed immunity and increased microbial virulence, which could lead to serious infections. Microbes that evolve to resist antibiotics would be particularly difficult to control. The Biological Research in Canisters-21 (BRIC-21) investigation studies two forms of bacteria to determine how they respond to the stressful environment of space, and whether their individual responses change their susceptibility to antibiotics.

NASA Kennedy Space Center

Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD)

Wayne Nicholson

Patricia Fajardo-Cavazos

10.1038/s41526-018-0061-0

10.1128/AEM.01584-17

10.1089/ast.2020.2235

https://directory.ufl.edu/indv/WIDDRETEBRDDZ&f=Wayne&l=Nicholson&e=&a=staff

https://directory.ufl.edu/indv/WICDNBTBADDRZ&f=Patricia&l=Fajardo-Cavazos&e=&a=staff

Dr. Fajardo-Cavazos - UF Faculty Directory

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=7599

BioFabrication Facility

BioFabrication Facility

BioFabrication Facility (BFF)

BioFabrication Facility

2019-03-15T00:00:00

2023-03-28T00:00:00

Using 3D biological printers to produce usable human organs has long been a dream of scientists and doctors around the globe. However, printing the tiny, complex structures found inside human organs, such as capillary structures, has proven difficult to accomplish in Earth’s gravity environment. To overcome this challenge, Techshot designed their BioFabrication Facility (BFF) to print organ-like tissues in microgravity, acting as a stepping stone in a long-term plan to manufacture whole human organs in space using refined biological 3D printing techniques.

National Laboratory (NL)

https://redwirespace.com/

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1337

Crystallizing Biological Macromolecules and Obtaining Biocrystalline Films in Microgravity Conditions -PCG-M1

Crystallizing Biological Macromolecules and Obtaining Biocrystalline Films in Microgravity Conditions -PCG-M1

Kristallizator PCG-M1 (Crystallizer PCG-M1)

2011-09-01T00:00:00

2012-05-01T00:00:00

The Crystallizing Biological Macromolecules and Obtaining Biocrystalline Films in Microgravity Conditions (Kristallizator) investigation studies the physical processes of protein crystallization to obtain perfectly structured single protein crystals that are suitable for X-ray structural analysis, and biocrystalline films from a three-dimensional solution formed on substrates using the artificial epitaxy effect. Study of protein crystals is essential for visualizing proteins and developing new drugs and agricultural products.

State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS (ROSCOSMOS)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=958

Structured Exercise Training as Countermeasure to Space Flight-Induced Orthostatic Intolerance

Structured Exercise Training as Countermeasure to Space Flight-Induced Orthostatic Intolerance

Orthostatic Tolerance

Exerc-Orthostatic Tolerance;

Orthostatic Tolerance

2015-03-12T00:00:00

2018-02-27T00:00:00

Structured Exercise Training as Countermeasure to Space Flight-Induced Orthostatic Intolerance (Exerc-Orthostatic Tolerance) tests crewmembers' ability to stand before and after a space mission, during which they perform a structured, individualized treadmill exercise program. Astronauts lose bone and muscle density in microgravity, and undergo alterations in the neural regulation of cardiovascular responses to orthostatic stress, leading to orthostatic intolerance, or the inability to stand, when they return to Earth. Results from the investigation could improve countermeasures to prevent this problem.

IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana

NASA - Italian Space Agency (ASI)

Ferdinando lellamo

Giuseppe Caminiti

Exerc-Orthostatic Tolerance

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=321

Soldering in Reduced Gravity Experiment, SDTO 17003-U

Soldering in Reduced Gravity Experiment, SDTO 17003-U

2006-09-01T00:00:00

2007-04-01T00:00:00

The Soldering in Reduced Gravity Experiment (SoRGE) will examine solder joints created in microgravity. Recent simulated microgravity (aboard the KC-135 and C-9B reduced gravity aircraft) testing has shown that, on average, solder joints produced in microgravity (space) exhibit approximately 3-times more voids (defects) compared with those produced in normal gravity (Earth). Without gravity, gas bubbles (from solder flux or water vapor) form pores or void defects in solder joints and can reduce their strength. For SoRGE operations, crewmembers will be soldering small electronic components using the ISS soldering iron to validate the results observed in C-9B aircraft testing, including potential mitigation techniques for reducing solder joint voids.

National Center for Space Exploration Research

Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD)

Richard Pettegrew

ZIN Technologies Incorporated

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=7843

Educational Program for Schools to Inspire Next Generation

Educational Program for Schools to Inspire Next Generation

2018-02-27T00:00:00

2022-03-30T00:00:00

Educational Program for Schools to Inspire Next Generation (I-Space Essay) sends an SD card that contains digital works created by students, such as pictures and poetry, to the International Space Station (ISS). The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) issues a certificate to participating schools after the flight. More than 13,000 students from 74 schools created works for the project.

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Tsutomu Yamanaka

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=49

Biotechnology Temperature Refrigerator

Biotechnology Temperature Refrigerator

2001-08-01T00:00:00

2002-12-01T00:00:00

The Biotechnology Refrigerator supported investigations by providing a thermally controlled environment for samples awaiting return to Earth for scientific analysis during the early building stages of the International Space Station.

Wyle, Integrated Science and Engineering

Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=612

Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment

Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment

2008-04-01T00:00:00

2009-04-01T00:00:00

Shear History Extensional Rheology Experiment (SHERE) is designed to investigate the effect of preshearing (rotation) on the stress and strain response of a polymer fluid (a complex fluid containing long chains of polymer molecules) being stretched in microgravity. The fundamental understanding and measurement of the extensional rheology of complex fluids is important for understanding containerless processing, an important operation for fabrication of parts (such as adhesives or fillers) using elastomeric materials on future exploration missions. This knowledge can be applied to controlling and improving Earth-based manufacturing processes, as well.

ZIN Technologies Incorporated

Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD)

10.1146/annurev.fluid.34.083001.125207

http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/360404main_P14_1100_ZIN.pdf

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZaubCrShMIQ

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=732

2009-04-01T00:00:00

2009-10-01T00:00:00

Kibo Kids Tour introduces on-orbit Japanese utilization activities in the Kibo module of the International Space Station to the children of Japan.

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8318

Image Processing Unit 2

Image Processing Unit 2

2021-04-17T00:00:00

2022-03-30T00:00:00

The Image Processing Unit 2 (IPU2) is a Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) subrack facility that receives, records, and downlinks experiment image data for experiment processing. IPU2 is housed in the Work Station Rack.

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8067

2019-03-15T00:00:00

2019-10-16T00:00:00

SpooQy-1 is a 3-Unit (3U) CubeSat deployed during the JEM Small Satellite Orbital Deployer #11 (J-SSOD #11) micro-satellite deployment mission, handled by the Japanese Experiment Module Remote Manipulator System (JEMRMS). SpooQy-1 was developed by the National University of Singapore (NUS). The SpooQy-1 CubeSat was launched to the International Space Station aboard the NG-11 Cygnus Cargo Vehicle on April 17, 2019.

Singapore Space and Technology (SSTA)

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Singapore Space and Technology (SSTA)

http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/kuoa/news/1802_spooqy-1.html

National University of Singapore (NUS)

http://iss.jaxa.jp/en/kuoa/news/171120_ssta_jaxa_en.html

The "Kibo" utilization of Singapore begins~ SSTA and the JAXA signed a fee-based agreement to deploy small satellites from "Kibo"

https://sites.google.com/site/phylej/

https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/spooqy-1.htm

Additional SpooQy-1 Information

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=149

Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System - Shield

Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System - Shield

2010-03-01T00:00:00

2013-03-13T00:00:00

The Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts' Central Nervous System - Shield (ALTEA-Shield) investigation provides an assessment of the radiation environment inside the International Space Station (ISS). The goal is to better understand the interaction between cosmic rays and brain functions. Since radiation exposure in space is one of the greatest risks to human health, a better understanding and characterization of the shielding capability of different materials is needed in order to enable future, long term human exploration.

Italian Space Agency (ASI)

European Space Agency (ESA)

10.1016/j.asr.2012.04.015

10.1038/s41598-017-01707-2

http://eea.spaceflight.esa.int/portal/exp/?id=9170

Alenia Spazio - Laben

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1276

2001-03-01T00:00:00

2001-08-01T00:00:00

State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS (ROSCOSMOS)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1442

Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis in Space (SVS) - SVS-4

Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis in Space (SVS) - SVS-4

2008-10-01T00:00:00

2009-04-01T00:00:00

The Self-Propagating High Temperature Synthesis in Space - 4 (SVS-4) suite of investigations establish a mechanism for combustion and structural formation in self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis systems under conditions of weightlessness. SVS consists of 6 distinct investigations. Study the effect of microgravity on the processes of self-propagating, high-temperature synthesis welds (weld of 2 layers of titanium foil using an exothermic combustion reaction of a powder mixture of titanium and carbon black) and the synthesis of porous functional gradient materials (with porosity or chemical component gradients).

State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS (ROSCOSMOS)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8230

Materials International Space Station Experiment-13-NASA

Materials International Space Station Experiment-13-NASA

2019-10-16T00:00:00

2020-04-17T00:00:00

The Materials International Space Station Experiment-13-NASA (MISSE-13-NASA) continues a series of investigations examining how the harsh environment of space affects new materials and material configurations needed for specific space missions. It includes investigations into the performance and durability in space of polymers, composites, thermal protection systems, photovoltaic technologies and radiation shielding materials. MISSE experiments incorporate lessons learned from previous missions and fly similar materials on multiple missions to determine erosion and degradation trends and help forecast durability.

NASA Langley Research Center

National Laboratory (NL)

www.alphaspace.com

NASA Ames Research Center

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

NASA Glenn Research Center

University of Delaware

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=7879

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Multicomponent Colloidal Clusters Experiments

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Multicomponent Colloidal Clusters Experiments

Colloidal Clusters

JAXA Colloidal Clusters

Colloidal Clusters

2019-10-16T00:00:00

2021-04-17T00:00:00

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency Multicomponent Colloidal Clusters Experiments (JAXA Colloidal Clusters) investigates the mechanism for formation of tetrahedral clusters of negatively and positively charged particles suspended in liquid. These clusters are examined and characterized after return to Earth. The clusters may be useful as building blocks of future photonic, or light-manipulating, materials.

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Junpei Yamanaka

http://iss.jaxa.jp/kiboexp/news/180830_colloid.html

https://www.ansto.gov.au/news/earth-based-research-link-to-international-space-station

Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)

Tsunehiko Higuchi

http://www.phar.nagoya-cu.ac.jp/hp/ybk/bukka/index.html

Nagoya City University, Physical Chemistry of Colloid and Polyer

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=817

Genotypic and Phenotypic Responses of Candida albicans to Spaceflight

Genotypic and Phenotypic Responses of Candida albicans to Spaceflight

2012-09-16T00:00:00

2013-03-13T00:00:00

The Genotypic and Phenotypic Responses of Candida albicans to Spaceflight (Micro-6) experiment studies how microgravity affects the health risk posed by the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans.

BioServe Space Technologies

Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD)

Sheila Nielson-Preiss

10.1016/S1672-0229(08)60019-4

10.1089/ast.2011.0664

10.1186/1471-2164-8-3

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8858

2022-09-29T00:00:00

2023-03-28T00:00:00

OPTIMAL-1 is a 3-Unit (3U) CubeSat with multiple mission objectives that consist of Earth Observation, Store and Forward communications, a propulsion system demonstration, and the demonstration of novel satellite components. OPTIMAL-1 is deployed as a part of the JEM Small Satellite Orbital Deployer-24 (J-SSOD-24) CubeSat deployment mission, and is launched to the International Space Station aboard the SpaceX-26 Dragon Cargo Vehicle.

ArkEdgeSpace Inc.

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Takayoshi Fukuyo

Takeshi Matsumoto

University of Fukui

Yoshihide Aoyanagi

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=961

NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Aquarius (SSEP Mission 1)

NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Aquarius (SSEP Mission 1)

NanoRacks-NCESSE-Aquarius

2012-05-01T00:00:00

2012-09-16T00:00:00

The NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Aquarius (NanoRacks-NCESSE-Aquarius) investigation is the result of a commercial Science Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) education program overseen by the National Center for Earth and Space Science Education (NCESSE), called the Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP).The payload includes 15 science experiments from 12 school districts across the United States. Student teams design their own experiments using flight approved fluids and materials and are flown in a NanoRacks Module.

Lowell Center for Space Science and Technology

National Laboratory (NL)

10.1016/j.asr.2013.02.002

National Center for Earth and Space Science Education

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8533

Light Ions Detector for ALTEA Facility

Light Ions Detector for ALTEA Facility

The Light Ions Detector for ALTEA (LIDAL) Facility utilizes a trigger based on fast scintillators to increase the window of acceptance of the ALTEA system to low Z ions (protons and helium ions) and to provide time of flight (TOF) measurements. LIDAL is an addition to the existing Anomalous Long Term Effects in Astronauts (ALTEA) facility, upgrading ALTEA’s ability to take measurements that could be converted by dedicated software in real-time into radiation risk coefficients, effectively enabling ALTEA to become a dosimetric “risk meter” aboard the International Space Station (ISS).

INFN, Sezione Roma “Tor Vergata“

NASA - Italian Space Agency (ASI)

University of Rome Tor Vergata, Physics Department

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=7404

Thermal Amine Scrubber

Thermal Amine Scrubber

Thermal Amine Scrubber

2018-10-04T00:00:00

2023-03-28T00:00:00

Thermal Amine Scrubber tests a method to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from air aboard the International Space Station, using actively heated and cooled amine beds. Controlling CO2 levels on the station reduces the likelihood of crew members experiencing symptoms of CO2 buildup, which include fatigue, headache, breathing difficulties, strained eyes, and itchy skin. The system includes elements that reduce loss of water vapor, and recover CO2 for use in electrolysis to produce oxygen.

NASA Johnson Space Center

NASA – International Space Station – Vehicle Office (NASA-ISS-Vehicle Office)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8226

Structural and Crystallization Kinetics Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies

Structural and Crystallization Kinetics Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies

Monoclonal Antibodies PCG

Monoclonal Antibodies PCG

2020-04-17T00:00:00

2021-04-17T00:00:00

Structural and Crystallization Kinetics Analysis of Monoclonal Antibodies (Monoclonal Antibodies PCG) assesses the differences in crystallization in space of various therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies are lab-created immune system proteins designed to interact with specific targets such as cancer cells. Microgravity enables production of higher quality crystals that could support development of drugs with reduced cost, improved stability and greater ease of administration.

The University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Engineering

National Laboratory (NL)

https://www.uab.edu/engineering/eitd/

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1342

Crystallizing Biological Macromolecules and Obtaining Biocrystalline Films in Microgravity Conditions -PCG-PPAT-1

Crystallizing Biological Macromolecules and Obtaining Biocrystalline Films in Microgravity Conditions -PCG-PPAT-1

Kristallizator PCG-PPAT-1 (Crystallizer PCG-PPAT-1)

2009-10-01T00:00:00

2010-03-01T00:00:00

The Crystallizing Biological Macromolecules and Obtaining Biocrystalline Films in Microgravity Conditions (Kristallizator) investigation studies the physical processes of protein crystallization to obtain perfectly structured single protein crystals that are suitable for X-ray structural analysis, and biocrystalline films from a three-dimensional solution formed on substrates using the artificial epitaxy effect. Study of protein crystals is essential for visualizing proteins and developing new drugs and agricultural products.

State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS (ROSCOSMOS)

10.1134/S106377451505017X

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=228

Education Payload Operations

Education Payload Operations

2001-12-01T00:00:00

2004-10-01T00:00:00

Education Payload Operations (EPO) includes curriculum-based educational activities that demonstrate basic principles of science, mathematics, technology, engineering and geography. These activities are videotaped and then used in classroom lectures. EPO is designed to support the NASA mission to inspire the next generation of explorers.

Houston Museum of Natural Science

NASA Education (EDU)

Jonathan Neubauer

http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/nasaeclips/index.html

Association of Science and Technology

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/background/facts/epo.html

Denver Museum of Nature and Science

Rice University, The Rice Space Institute

Houston Independent School District

NASA Johnson Space Center

http://education.jsc.nasa.gov/

Johnson Space Center Education and Student Programs

http://www.nasa.gov/offices/education/about/

NASA Education Program

http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/CORE-Redirect.html

Central Operations of Resources for Educators (CORE)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=7751

Life Support Rack

Life Support Rack

Life Support Rack

2017-09-02T00:00:00

2023-09-20T00:00:00

Life Support Rack (LSR) is a Technology Demonstrator for Closed Loop Air Revitalisation. LSR captures carbon dioxide from cabin air and recovers 50% of its oxygen for use by the astronauts. LSR operates for a minimum of one year on the International Space Station to demonstrate the robustness of the technology for future Exploration Missions.

European Space Agency (ESA)

EXPEDITION 69 Q ID

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1375

Study of the Electrodynamic Interaction Processes in the Earth’s Atmosphere, ionosphere, and Magnetosphere Using the ВФС-3М Videophotometric System (Molniya-SМ)

Study of the Electrodynamic Interaction Processes in the Earth’s Atmosphere, ionosphere, and Magnetosphere Using the ВФС-3М Videophotometric System (Molniya-SМ)

Molnia-SM (Lightening-SM)

2001-08-01T00:00:00

2005-04-01T00:00:00

The Study of the Electrodynamic Interaction Processes in the Earth’s Atmosphere, ionosphere, and Magnetosphere Using the ВФС-3М Videophotometric System (Molniya-SМ) studies the optical emissions in the Earth’s atmosphere and ionosphere associated with storm activity and seismic processes.

State Space Corporation ROSCOSMOS (ROSCOSMOS)

Vladimir Kuznetsov

http://www.energia.ru/eng/iss/researches/geophis-05.shtml

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=283

Zeolite Crystal Growth

Zeolite Crystal Growth

2001-12-01T00:00:00

2003-05-01T00:00:00

The ZCG investigations examined how subtle changes in the chemical formulation affected nucleation and growth of zeolite crystals. The microgravity environment allowed researchers to grow higher-quality crystals. These crystals have a number of useful commercial applications as catalysts and absorbents.

Northeastern University, Center for Advanced Microgravity Materials Processing

Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD)

10.1016/S1387-1811(98)00046-8

10.1016/S1387-1811(01)00298-0

10.1016/S0167-2991(04)80795-X

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/background/facts/zeolites.html

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=7722

RFID-Enabled Autonomous Logistics Management-2 (REALM-2)

RFID-Enabled Autonomous Logistics Management-2 (REALM-2)

2019-10-16T00:00:00

2022-09-29T00:00:00

RFID-Enabled Autonomous Logistics Management-2 (REALM-2) (RFID Recon) uses a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader and antennas attached to a robotic free-flyer named Astrobee to identify RFID-tagged cargo on the International Space Station to determine its presence and location in order to help the crew find items quickly and efficiently. RFID tags are similar to barcodes, except they are electronic, do not require line-of-sight, and are able to respond through wireless communication.

NASA Johnson Space Center

NASA – Advanced Exploration Systems (NASA-AES)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=334

Biotechnology Specimen Temperature Controller

Biotechnology Specimen Temperature Controller

2001-08-01T00:00:00

2002-12-01T00:00:00

The Biotechnology Specimen Temperature Controller (BSTC) supported the Cellular Biotechnology Operations Science System (CBOSS) investigations, a series of experiments to refine and further develop bioreactor technology. The BSTC provided the environmental and metabolic support required to grow and maintain mammalian cell cultures in microgravity, which could lead to unprecedented opportunities for breakthroughs in biomedical research and biotechnology.

Wyle, Integrated Science and Engineering

Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD)

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1214

NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Orion (SSEP Mission 4)

NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Orion (SSEP Mission 4)

Module-9 S/N 1008, 1011

NanoRacks-NCESSE-Orion

Module-9 S/N 1008, 1011

2013-09-11T00:00:00

2014-03-10T00:00:00

The NanoRacks-National Center for Earth and Space Science Education-Orion (NanoRacks-NCESSE-Orion) investigation stems from a science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) education program called the Student Spaceflight Experiments Program (SSEP). Student teams across the United States design and build their own experiments using flight-approved fluids and other materials. The investigation includes 11 different science experiments that are flown in a NanoRacks module aboard the International Space Station.

Lowell Center for Space Science and Technology

National Laboratory Education (NLE)

http://ncesse.org/

National Center for Earth and Space Science Education

http://nanoracks.com/

NanoRacks-NCESSE-Orion ;

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=8

LEGO® Bricks, formerly known as NLO-Education-2

LEGO® Bricks, formerly known as NLO-Education-2

2011-03-01T00:00:00

2013-03-13T00:00:00

The LEGO® Bricks payload is a series of toy LEGO kits that are assembled on orbit and used to demonstrate scientific concepts. Some of these models include satellites, a space shuttle orbiter, and a scale model of the International Space Station (ISS).

NASA Education (EDU)

International Space Station National Laboratory

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=330

Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency - Granada Crystallization Facility High Quality Protein Crystallization Project

Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency - Granada Crystallization Facility High Quality Protein Crystallization Project

2003-04-01T00:00:00

2008-10-01T00:00:00

In microgravity, the Japan Aerospace and Exploration Agency - Granada Crystallization Facility High Quality Protein Crystallization Project (JAXA-GCF) grows high-quality crystals that are used in ground-based research to understand the structure of proteins within the human body.

European Space Agency (ESA)

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

Tomoyuki Kobayashi

10.1107/S1744309110020828

10.1107/S0909049510037076

10.1107/S1744309106054625

Granada University

Sachiko Takahashi

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=7547

2018-02-27T00:00:00

2018-10-04T00:00:00

Climate and weather models depend on measurements from space-borne satellites to complete model validation and improvements. RainCube is a technology demonstration mission enabling precipitation radar technologies on a low-cost, quick-turnaround platform, demonstrating a small radar and ultra-compact deployable antenna and providing a profile of the Earth’s vertically falling precipitation, such as rain and snow. The RainCube mission enables future Earth science missions to improve weather and climate models.

NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Technology Demonstration Office (TDO)

Shannon Statham

10.1109/TGRS.2021.3073990

https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/cubesat/missions/raincube.php

Tyvak Nano-Satellite Systems Inc.

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1673

The MARROW study (Bone Marrow Adipose Reaction: Red Or White?)

The MARROW study (Bone Marrow Adipose Reaction: Red Or White?)

2015-03-12T00:00:00

2019-10-16T00:00:00

The MARROW study (Bone Marrow Adipose Reaction: Red Or White?) (Marrow) investigation looks at the effect of microgravity on the bone marrow. It is believed that microgravity, like long-duration bed rest on Earth, has a negative effect on the bone marrow and the blood cells that are produced in the bone marrow. The extent of this effect, and its recovery, are of interest to space research and healthcare providers on Earth.

Canadian Space Agency (CSA)

Odette Laneuville

10.1007/s10439-020-02473-5

10.1002/ajh.25699

10.1038/s41591-021-01637-7

https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/explorer/Investigation.html?#id=1922

Spaceflight-Altered Motility Activation and Fertility-Dependent Responses in Sperm

Spaceflight-Altered Motility Activation and Fertility-Dependent Responses in Sperm

2018-02-27T00:00:00

2018-10-04T00:00:00

Spaceflight-Altered Motility Activation and Fertility-Dependent Responses in Sperm (Micro-11) examines whether spaceflight alters human sperm by tracking the swimming patterns of human and bull sperm during spaceflight. This investigation also assesses other aspects known to be related to male fertility. As a result, Micro-11 provides fundamental data indicating whether successful human reproduction beyond Earth is possible, and whether countermeasures are needed to protect sperm function in space.

BioServe Space Technologies

NASA - Biological and Physical Sciences-Space Biology (NASA-BPS-Space Biology)