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TestNormal Range (Low)Normal Range (High)Ideal Range (Low)Ideal Range (High)UnitAbreviationAge VarianceCategoryWikipediaShort DescriptionAwesomeListNotesSource1Source1-URLSource2Source2-URL
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WORK-IN-PROGRESS
https://github.com/markwk/awesome-biomarkers
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Sodium135.0145.0Blood Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_in_biologyA positively charged electrolyte, necessary for muscle contraction, nutrient absorption, neurological functioning, pH balance. May be elevated due to dehydration, hyperaldosterone (reabsorption of sodium), excess sodium intake. May be decreased due to elevated serum glucose, low cortisol, glycosuria, ketonuria, hypothyroidism, fluid loss through sweat.Y
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Potassium3.55.3YBlood Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_in_biologyA positively charged electrolyte, necessary for muscle contraction, pH balance, nerve signal conduction, and action potentials. May be elevated due to renal failure, hypoaldosterone, acidosis, hemolysis, low insulin, hyperglycemia, exercise. May be decreased due to poor potassium intake, alkalosis, hyperaldosterone, excessive fluid loss, elevated insulin, low magnesium, elevated estrogen, increased catecholamines.Y
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Chloride98.0110.0YBlood Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_chlorideA negatively charged electrolyte; important for maintaining cellular equilibrium across cell membranes and for the production of stomach acid. May be elevated due to kidney dysfunction, diarrhea, dehydration, hyperparathyroidism, hyperventilation. May be decreased due to vomiting, respiratory acidosis (hypoventilation), metabolic alkalosis, hypoaldosterone.Y
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Carbon Dioxide (CO2)22.033.0YBlood Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxide#Human_physiologyMeasures blood bicarbonate and is a surrogate marker for CO2 gas. May be elevated due to vomiting, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis (hypoventilation). May be decreased due to metabolic acidosis, respiratory alkalosis (hyperventilation).Y
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Anion Gap5.020.0AGAPBlood Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anion_gapY
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Glucose70.0110.0Blood ChemistryBlood sugar concentration; may be elevated due to diabetes type 1 and 2, insulin resistance, increased stress hormones, or an inability to inhibit the liver's production of glucose, or (if not fasting) ingestion of a high carbohydrate meal.Y
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BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)7.022.0BUNBlood Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BUNA marker of kidney function. May be elevated due to dehydration, poor kidney function, high protein intake, fatty liver, catabolic stress. May be decreased due to inadequate protein intake or protein malabsorption, liver disease, over hydration, and B6 deficiency.Y
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Creatinine0.61.1Blood Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CreatinineA byproduct of creatine breakdown. May be increased due to kidney disfunction, dehydration, excessive muscle breakdown or increased muscle mass, hyperthyroidism, high meat intake, ketones. May be decreased due to low muscle mass, poor protein intake or absorption.Y
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BUN/Creatinine ratio10.030.0Blood Chemistry
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GFR (glomerular filtratn rate)Blood Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_function#Glomerular_filtration_rate
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Osmolality (Serum)85.0295.0mmol/kgBlood Chemistry
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Osmolality (Urine)38.01,400.0mmol/kg
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Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)20.0125.0ALPBlood Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_phosphataseAn enzyme found in the liver, bone, kidneys, small intestine, and placenta. May be increased due to liver obstruction, cirrhosis, gastrointestinal issues, hyperphosphatemia, hyperparathyroidism. May be decreased due to nutrient deficiencies (zinc, magnesium, and/or Vit C).Y
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Alanine amino transferase (ALT or SGPT)5.040.0Blood Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine_transaminaseAn enzyme found in highest concentrations in the liver but also in smaller amounts in heart, muscle and kidney. May be elevated due to hepatocellular disease, biliary issues, pancreatitis.Y
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Uric Acid2.66.0Blood Chemistry
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uric_acid#Clinical_significance_and_research
End product of DNA purine base metabolism and excretion in the kidneys; may indicate oxidative stress and elevated levels are associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes. May be elevated due to gout, kidney dysfunction, excess alcohol intake, starvation, extreme calorie restriction, liver dysfunction, hemolytic anemia, excess fructose consumption, fungal infection, ketogenic diet, supplemental niacin, high protein diet, prolonged fasting, supplemental vitamin B3, excess acidity. May be decreased due to nutrient deficiencies (molybdenum, zinc, iron), oxidative stress, low purine intake (vegetarian or vegan), excess alkalinity.
Y
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Phosphorous2.74.5Blood ChemistryA mineral involved in DNA and RNA synthesis, part of ATP, helps activate enzymes. May be elevated due to Vit D toxicity, hypoparathyroidism, kidney dysfunction. May be decreased due to poor absorption, Vit D deficiency, elevated insulin, high carb diets, diarrhea, poor protein digestion.Y
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Aspartate amino transferase (AST or SGOT):
2.045.0Blood Chemistryhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_transaminaseAn intracellular enzyme that is usually elevated due to active tissue and cellular destruction. May be elevated due to hepatitis, liver cirrhosis or alcoholism, hypothyroidism. May be decreased due to Vit B6 deficiency, elevated serum nitrogen.Y
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LDH (lactate dehydrogenase)100.0195.0YBlood Chemistrymay be elevated due to liver disease, hypothyroidism, skeletal muscle damage, anemia (hemolytic, pernicious), fractures. May be decreased due to reactive hypoglycemia, insulin resistance, ketosis.Y
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Bilirubin (Total)0.21.2Blood ChemistryA byproduct of red blood cell breakdown and an important component of bile; functions as an antioxidant. May be elevated due to excess hemolysis, liver dysfunction, bile duct obstruction, Gilbert's Syndrome. May be decreased due to oxidative stress, zinc deficiency.Y
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Bilirubin (Direct)0.4Blood Chemistry
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Bilirubin (Indirect)0.01.1Blood Chemistry
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Red Blood Cells (RBC)4.05.5Blood Counthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cellRed blood cell count (corpuscles). Red blood cells are made in the bone marrow and broken down in the spleen and liver. May be elevated due to dehydration, high testosterone. May be low due to nutrient deficiencies (iron, Vit B6, Vit B12, folate), kidney dysfunction, chronic inflammation, anemia, blood loss.Y
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Hgb (hemoglobin)12.016.0HgbYBlood Counthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HemoglobinDelivers oxygen throughout the blood. May be elevated due to dehydration, elevated testosterone, poor oxygen deliverability, thiamin deficiency, insulin resistance. May be deceased due to anemia, liver disease, hypothyroidism, exercise, arginine deficiency, protein deficiency, inflammation nutrient deficiencies (Vit E, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, Vit B6, Vit A).Y
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HCT (hematocrit)36.048.0HCTYBlood Counthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HematocritPercentage of volume of blood composed of red blood cells. May be elevated due to dehydration, elevated testosterone, poor oxygen deliverability, thiamin deficiency, insulin resistance. May be deceased due to anemia, liver disease, hypothyroidism, exercise, arginine deficiency, protein deficiency, inflammation nutrient deficiencies (Vit E, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, Vit B6, Vit A). Y
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MCV (mean corpsular volume)80.0100.0Blood Counthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_volumeMean Corpuscular Volume. An estimate of the average red blood cell size. May be elevated (“macrocytic”) due to nutrient deficiencies (Vit B12, folate, Vit C), alcohol consumption, thiamin deficiency. May be decreased (“microcytic”) due to iron deficiency, nutrient deficiencies (Vit B6, copper, zinc, Vit A, Vit C).Y
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MCH (mean corpsular Hgb), average amount of O2 carrying Hgb27.032.0Blood Count
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_hemoglobin_concentration
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin. A measure of the average weight of hemoglobin per red blood cell. May be elevated (“macrocytic”) due to nutrient deficiencies (Vit B12, folate, Vit C), alcohol consumption, thiamin deficiency, and (falsely increased) by hyperlipidemia. May be decreased (“microcytic”) due to iron deficiency, nutrient deficiencies (Vit B6, copper, zinc, Vit A, Vit C).Y
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MCHC (mean corp. Hgb concentn31.035.0Blood Count
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean_corpuscular_hemoglobin_concentration
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration. Measures the average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells. May be elevated (“macrocytic”) due to nutrient deficiencies (Vit B12, folate, Vit C), alcohol consumption, thiamin deficiency, and (falsely increased) by hyperlipidemia. May beY
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RDW (red cell distribtn width)12.014.5Blood Counthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete_blood_count#RDWRed blood cell distribution width. A measurement of the variation in red blood cell size. Typically increased due to nutrient deficiency-related anemias (iron, Vit A, copper, zinc, Vit B6).Y
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Platelets150.0450.0Blood Counthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlateletSmall, anucleated cell fragments in blood that are involved in clotting and important for vascular integrity. May be increased due to iron deficiency anemia, collagen diseases, hemolytic anemia, blood loss, stress, infection, inflammation. May be decreased due to alcoholism, liver dysfunction, viral/bacterial infections, pernicious anemia, bleeding.Y
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MPV (mean platelet volume)0.512.5Blood CountMean Platelet Volume. Measures the average size of platelets and reflects their function. May be elevated due to increased platelet production, which is often caused by loss or destruction of existing platelets. Elevated MPV can be associated with vascular disease and mortality, some cancers, type 2 diabetes, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. MPV may be decreased due to conditions associated with under-production of platelets such as aplastic anemia or cytotoxic drug therapy.Y
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Calcium8.210.5Bone Healthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_in_biologyPlays many roles in the body including teeth and bone health, clotting, neurotransmitter function, muscle contraction and enzyme activity. May be elevated due to alkalosis, kidney dysfunction, hyperparathyroidism, cancer, excess Vit D intake, adrenal insufficiency, excess Vit A intake. May be decreased due to poor intake or absorption, hypoparathyroidism, Vit D deficiency, magnesium deficiency.Y
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PTH14.072.0Bone Health
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Osteocalcin (bone formation)11.335.4Bone Health
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PT(prothrombin time)12.014.6Coagulation
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INR0.91.1Coagulation
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PTT (partial thromboplastin)25.035.0Coagulation
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Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)0.355.50TSHHormonesThyroid Function TestY
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Methylmalonic87.0318.0Hormones
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Prostate Specific Ag (PSA)60.080.0g/LPSAHormonesY
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EstradiolHormones
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DHEA-SulfateHormones
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate#Medical_use
Y
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Testosterone9.530.0nmol/LHormones
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Progesterone0.01.3nmol/LHormones
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Free T40.891.76YHormonesThyroid Function Test
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Free T3YHormonesThyroid Function Test
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Anti-TPO AntibodiesHormonesThyroid Function Test
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Anti-Thyroglobulin AntibodiesHormonesThyroid Function Test
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rT3HormonesThyroid Function Test
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WBC (white blood cell)4.011.0Immunityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_blood_cellCells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invadersY
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Neutrophils (%)40.070.0%Immunityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeutrophilThe most abundant white blood cell type, neutralizes pathogens. May be elevated due to bacterial infection or inflammation. May be decreased due to nutrient deficiencies (copper, B12, folate), elevations in other white blood cells.Y
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Granulocyte (%)34.075.0%ImmunityY
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Lymphocytes (%)17.050.0%Immunityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GranulocyteY
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Monocytes (%)4.012.0%Immunityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LymphocyteWhite blood cell type including B-cells, T-cells, and Natural Killer Cells. May be elevated due to viral infections, Crohn’s and other autoimmune diseases, hypoadrenalism. May be decreased due to zinc deficiency, elevations in other white blood cells.Y
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Eosinophils (%)0.06.0%Immunityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EosinophilImmune cells that become active in late stage inflammation. May be elevated due to allergies, asthma, parasitic infection, hypoadrenalism, skin diseases such as eczema, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s, aspirin sensitivity. May be decreased due to elevated cortisol.Y
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Baso (%)0.02.0%Immunityhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BasophilWhite blood cells associated with inflammation and hypersensitivities. May be elevated due to inflammation, allergies, hemolytic anemia, hypothyroidism.Y
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Granulocyte (Absolute)1.58.0Immunity
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Lymphocytes (Absolute) 0.66.0Immunity
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Monocytes (Absolute)0.01.1Immunity
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Eosinophils (Absolute)0.00.6Immunity
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Basophils (Absolute)0.00.2ImmunityThe body’s iron binding protein. May be elevated due to hemochromatosis and other genetic conditions, inflammation, liver damage, hemolytic or sideroblastic anemia. May be decreased due to poor intake, poor absorption, chronic blood loss, chronic disease or infection, progesterone birth control pills.
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Ferritin10.0291.0Iron Markers & Complete Blood CountMeasures iron bound to transferrin and represents ~⅓ of the total iron binding capacity of transferrin. By itself, is a relatively poor marker of iron status. May be elevated due to hemochromatosis and other genetic conditions, hemolytic anemia, liver damage, Vit B6 deficiency. May be decreased due to poor iron intake, poor absorption, chronic blood loss, chronic disease or infection, progesterone birth control pills.Y
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Iron50.0170.0mcg/dLIron Markers & Complete Blood CountMeasures the iron-binding capacity of transferrin. May be elevated due to iron deficiency, pregnancy, elevated estrogen. May be decreased due to anemia of chronic disease, chronic infection, liver dysfunction.Y
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Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)250.0400.0mcg/dLIron Markers & Complete Blood CountY
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Transferrin saturation15.050.0%Iron Markers & Complete Blood CountMeasures blood levels of the major storage form of fat in our bodies; also called triacylglycerols. Must be fasting to be accurate. Implicated in cardiovascular disease. May be elevated due to blood glucose dysregulation, diabetes, hypercaloric diets, poor thyroid function, kidney disease, alcohol consumption. May be decreased due to fat malabsorption, low carbohydrate diets, calorie restriction, potentially autoimmunity.Y
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Triglycerides150.0Lipids / Heart Healthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TriglyceridesA waxy, fat like substance that travels throughout the body in carrier lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, and VLDL); a precursor to steroid hormones and bile salts. May be elevated due to poor thyroid function, insulin resistance, blood glucose dysregulation, magnesium deficiency, dehydration, kidney disease, familial hypercholesterolemia. May be decreased due to liver dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, malabsorption, anemia.Y
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Total Cholesterol200.0mg/dLYLipids / Heart Healthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CholesterolThe amount of cholesterol associated with High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) particles in the blood. May be elevated due to inflammation, oxidative stress, excessive exercise. Low HDL is associated with metabolic syndrome and may be decreased due to insulin resistance, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet quality.Y
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HDL34.059.0Lipids / Heart Healthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-density_lipoproteinY
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Cholesterol/HDL Ratio4.4Lipids / Heart HealthThe amount of cholesterol associated with Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) particles in the blood. May be elevated due to insulin resistance, blood glucose dysregulation, poor thyroid function, kidney disease, familial hypercholesterolemia. May be low due to liver dysfunction, oxidative stress, malabsorption, anemia.Y
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LDL130.0Lipids / Heart Healthhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_lipoproteinY
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VLDL1.036.0Lipids / Heart Health
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Homocysteine5.013.9Lipids / Heart HealthY
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Hemoglobin HbA1c5.0Lipids / Heart HealthY
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GGT (Gamma-glutamyltransferase)0.065.0GGTLiver Health
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-glutamyltransferase#Medical_applications
An enzyme found primarily in the liver, kidney, and pancreas. May be elevated due to biliary tree dysfunction, alcoholism, pancreatitis, oxidative stress. May be decreased due to hypothyroidism, magnesium deficiency.Y
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ABO Grouping (Blood Typing)Miscellaneoushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABO_blood_group_systemTest used for classifying blood types.Y
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Antinuclear antibody (ANA)Miscellaneoushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-nuclear_antibodyGeneral test for autoimmune disease.Y
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Aluminum (Blood)MiscellaneousThis blood test measures Aluminum levels. There are concerns that aluminum exposure from either diet or the environment may be related to Alzheimer's disease.Y
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Arsenic (Blood)MiscellaneousThis blood test is used to measure Arsenic levels. Arsenic toxicity affects the blood, kidneys, skin, digestive tract and central nervous system.Y
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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)Miscellaneoushttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_infection#ScreeningNo single test exists for all infectious agents. Screening of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) typically includes syphilis, trichomonas, gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, hepatitis and HIV.Y
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Total Protein6.08.3Protein Markers
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Albumin3.25.6ALBProtein Markershttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_serum_albuminThe most abundant plasma protein in serum, synthesized in the liver, binds to other compounds in the blood and contributes to the plasma osmotic gradient. May be elevated due to dehydration. May be decreased due to infection, inflammation, liver disease, kidney disease.Y
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Pre-Albumin16.040.0Protein Markers
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Globulin2.34.0Protein MarkersA plasma protein with different subtypes. May be elevated due to cancer, autoimmunity, elevated estrogen. May be decreased due to hemolytic anemia, nephrosis, compromised immune system.Y
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Albumin/Globulin Ratio1.02.5Protein Markers
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Cortisol4.322.4μg/dLStress / Inflammation
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C-Reactive Protein0.01.0Stress / InflammationY
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Fibrinogen150.0400.0mg/dLStress / Inflammationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrinogen#Laboratory_Testsv
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Vitamin A38.098.0Vitamins and Minerals
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Vitamin D, 25 Hydr.30.0100.0Vitamins and MineralsY
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Vitamin E, alpha5.719.9Vitamins and Minerals
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Vitamin E, beta0.04.3Vitamins and Minerals
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Vitamin K180.01,160.0Vitamins and Minerals
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Vitamin B62.121.7Vitamins and Minerals
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Vitamin B1(thiamine)87.0280.0Vitamins and Minerals
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Vitamin B12211.0911.0Vitamins and MineralsY
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Folate5.4Vitamins and MineralsY
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Zinc60.0130.0Vitamins and Minerals
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Copper70.0175.0Vitamins and Minerals
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Selenium120.0200.0Vitamins and Minerals