BHP Glossary

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J
1	Lesson	Asset Title	Tier	Word/Phrase	Part of Speech	Word Forms - Plural/Tenses	Definitions	Synonyms	Use in a Sentence	Antonyms

2	1.0	"What Happened on Easter Island?"	2	statue	noun	statues	a carved or cast figure of a person or animal, especially one that is life-size or larger	bust, sculpture	In China, archaeologists uncovered more than 7000 life sized statues of warriors made out of terracotta.
3	1.0	"What Happened on Easter Island?"	2	scholar	noun	scholars, scholarly	a learned person, esp. one who is engaged in research or study	academic, intellectual	Professor Samuels is a distinguished scholar of medeival European history.
4	1.0	"What Happened on Easter Island?"	3	moai	noun		any of the gigantic carved stone figures found on Easter Island		There are about 900 moai across Easter Island.
5	1.0	"What Happened on Easter Island?"	3	deforestation	noun	deforest	the removal of forest or trees from an area of land	logging, clear-cutting	Producing paper encourages deforestation and other negative environmental impacts.	conservation
6	1.0	"What Happened on Easter Island?"	3	rongorongo	noun		system of writing developed by the people of Easter Island		Rongorongo has yet to be deciphered by scholars, leaving the meaning behind the system of glyphs a mystery.
7	1.0	"What Happened on Easter Island?"	3	brackish	adjective	brackishness	somewhat salty	briny	After hiking for many hours without any water, we were disappointed to learn that the lake we had stumbled upon was brackish.
8	1.0	"What Happened on Easter Island?"	3	botanist	noun		an expert in the scientific study of plants		I once took a class in which a botanist taught us about all the different kinds of edible plants that exist in this area.
9	1.0	"What Happened on Easter Island?"	3	charcoal	noun	charcoals, charcoaling, charcoaled	a black solid that results from the heating of wood, bone, or other forms of organic matter	ashes, soot	After the fire, all that was left of the once lush, green forest was mounds of charcoal.
10	1.0	"What Happened on Easter Island?"	3	epidemic	noun	empidemics	an outbreak, usu. of disease, that spreads rapidly, afflicting many individuals	outbreak, plague	The Ebola epidemic has caused both major loss of life and significant socioeconomic disruption in West Africa.
11	1.0	What Is Big History?	2	star	noun	stars	any of a vast number of celestial bodies other than the moon visible from earth as points of light in the night sky	sun	My neighbor has a telescope on his roof that he uses to look up at the stars on clear, dark nights.
12	1.0	What Is Big History?	2	universe	noun	universes	all matter and space in existence, including the earth and the heavens	cosmos	The Milky Way is just one of numerous galaxies scattered about the Universe.
13	1.0	What Is Big History?	2	origin	noun	origins, originate	the point or place where something begins, arises, or is derived	beginning, genesis, root, dawn, start	The origin of humanity can be traced back hundreds of thousands of years.	end
14	1.0	What Is Big History?	2	timeline	noun	timelines	a graphic presentation of a chronology of events and their dates, listed from left to right along a horizontal line or in a vertical column	chronology	The timeline covered the entirety of the Han Dynasty.
15	1.0	What Is Big History?	2	complexity	noun	complexities, complex	the quality of being intricate and compounded	complicated, intricate	As you progress through grade school, high school, and eventually college, the subjects you learn about will increase in complexity.	simplicity
16	1.0	What Is Big History?	3	threshold	noun	thresholds	moments in the history of the Universe when specific ingredients under the right "Goldilocks Conditions" come together to create something new and more complex	turning point	This threshold marked the beginning of complex life in the form of multicellular organisms.
17	1.0	Crash Course: The Big Bang	2	history	noun	histories, historical	the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future	account, log, chronicle	Events that happen now or years from now will become part of history.
18	1.0	Crash Course: The Big Bang	2	scale	noun	scales	degrees of magnification, or perspective, used to measure time, space, and size	extent, scope	Cosmology is the study of the Universe on its largest scales, including its origin.
19	1.0	Crash Course: The Big Bang	2	universe	noun	universes	all matter and space in existence, including the earth and the heavens	cosmos	The Milky Way is just one of numerous galaxies scattered about the Universe.
20	1.0	Crash Course: The Big Bang	3	Big Bang	noun		a theory, first articulated in the 1920s, proposing that the Universe started out extremely hot and dense and gradually cooled off as it expanded		The theory of the Big Bang is widely accepted among most of the scientific community.
21	1.0	Crash Course: The Big Bang	3	matter	noun		the physical material of the Universe, including subatomic particles, atoms, and the substances that are built out of them	stuff, substance	Matter makes up everything you know and will ever know.
22	1.0	Crash Course: The Big Bang	3	radiation	noun	radiational, radiate	the emission of particles or waves of energy, as by radioactive material or by electrical circuits or devices		Many are concerned about toxic radiation from nuclear waste.
23	1.0	Crash Course: The Big Bang	3	cosmic inflation	noun		the idea that space and time (space-time) underwent an expansion at a rate much faster than the speed of light during the first 10-36 seconds after the Big Bang	expansion	If inflation continued past the first moments of the Universe, our Universe would be much larger than it is today.	shrinkage
24	1.0	Crash Course: The Big Bang	3	cosmic background radiation (CBR)	noun		radiation coming from every direction in the Universe that is considered to be the remnant of the Big Bang		Cosmic background radiation can be picked up by some of the most basic devices, like radio players.
25	1.0	A Big History of Everything – H2	3	gravity	noun	gravities	the force by which a planet or other such body tends to draw objects toward its center	pull, attraction	As if he were defying gravity, the magician seemed to be levitating in the air.
26	1.0	A Big History of Everything – H2	3	orbit	noun	orbits, orbiting, orbited	the curved path in which a planet, satellite, or spacecraft revolves about another body; to revolve about (another body) in a curved path	circuit, revolution; circle, revolve, rotate	Earth's orbit around the sun is oval shaped.
27	1.0	A Big History of Everything – H2	3	atmosphere	noun	atmospheric	the mixture of gases surrounding a planet	air, sky	The composition of the Earth’s atmosphere has played a critical role in the development of life on Earth.
28	1.0	A Big History of Everything – H2	3	core	noun		the dense center of the Earth, made mostly of iron, and some nickel	center	The movement of molten iron and nickel in the outer core generates Earth's magnetic field.
29	1.0	A Big History of Everything – H2	3	magnetic field	noun	magnetic fields	a region of space in which a magnetic force occurs, especially as a result of electrical current or the motions of charged particles such as electrons	magnetism, magnetic shield	Scientists think that sunspots are caused by strong magnetic fields below the surface of the sun.
30	1.0	A Big History of Everything – H2	3	asteroid	noun	asteroids	small rocky, icy, and metallic celestial bodies left over from the formation of the Solar System which can range from a few meters to several hundred kilometers in width	planetoid	Most asteroids in our solar system are located in what is called the asteroid belt.
31	1.0	A Big History of Everything – H2	3	threshold moment	noun	threshold moments	moments in the history of the Universe when specific ingredients under the right "Goldilocks Conditions" come together to create something new and more complex	turning point	This threshold moment marks the beginning of complex life in the form of multicellular organisms.
32	1.1	To Scale: The Solar System	2	scale	noun	scales	degrees of magnification, or perspective, used to measure time, space, and size	extent, scope	Cosmology is the study of the Universe on its largest scales, including its origin.
33	1.1	To Scale: The Solar System	2	model	noun	models	a representation or copy, often smaller than the original and used as a guide to making a thing in full size	replica	My dad and I enjoy building model airplanes in our free time.
34	1.1	To Scale: The Solar System	3	orbit	noun	orbits, orbiting, orbited	the curved path in which a planet, satellite, or spacecraft revolves about another body; to revolve about (another body) in a curved path	circuit, revolution; circle, revolve, rotate	Earth's orbit around the sun is oval shaped.
35	1.1	To Scale: The Solar System	3	planet	noun	planets	any celestial body (other than comets or satellites) that revolves around a star	globe	The planet Mars was named after the Roman god of war.
36	1.1	To Scale: The Solar System	3	solar system	noun	solar systems	the Sun and the objects that orbit it; the area in space in which the Sun’s gravitational pull is the dominant force	planetary system	Newton's great contribution to the science of mechanics was the discovery that the same laws of nature are valid throughout our solar system.
37	1.1	To Scale: The Solar System	3	microscopic	adjective	microscopically	too small to be seen with the naked eye	tiny, minute	Believe it or not, we have microscopic bugs that live in our eyebrows and eyelashes!	macroscopic
38	1.1	"Big History Overview"	2	species	noun		in biology, the most fundamental classification of living things, comprising individuals that can breed with one another but not with those of other species	breed, category	The human species is the most advanced of all living organisms on this Earth.
39	1.1	"Big History Overview"	2	universe	noun	universes	all matter and space in existence, including the earth and the heavens	cosmos	The Milky Way is just one of numerous galaxies scattered about the Universe.
40	1.1	"Big History Overview"	2	star	noun	stars	any of a vast number of celestial bodies other than the moon visible from earth as points of light in the night sky	sun	My neighbor has a telescope on his roof that he uses to look up at the stars on clear, dark nights.
41	1.1	"Big History Overview"	2	complexity	noun	complexities, complex	the quality of being intricate and compounded	complicated, intricate	Organic compounds are not only unique in their complexity, they are also unusually numerous.	simplicity
42	1.1	"Big History Overview"	3	origin story	noun	origin stories	a narrative that explains how something came to be	mythology	Every religion has its own origin story that explains the creation of the Universe.
43	1.1	"Big History Overview"	3	threshold	noun	thresholds	moments in the history of the Universe when specific ingredients under the right "Goldilocks Conditions" come together to create something new and more complex	turning point	This threshold marked the beginning of complex life in the form of multicellular organisms.
44	1.2	Big Questions – H2	2	fundamental	adjective	fundamentally	of or relating to essential purpose or function	vital, essential, key	Gravity is the fundamental force of attraction between any two objects that have mass.	extraneous, minor
45	1.2	Big Questions – H2	2	originate	verb	originates, originated, originating	to arise or come into being	start, begin, emerge	Most of the English language originates from Greek or Latin roots.	cease, end
46	1.2	Big Questions – H2	3	turning point	noun	turning points	a moment when a decisive change occurs	climax, critical point, threshold	The discovery that stars move was an important turning point in the study of our solar system.
47	1.2	Big Questions – H2	3	cosmos	noun		the totality of material existence; the universe beyond the earth	galaxy, world, universe	It is natural for humans to ponder the reason for their existence in the vast cosmos.
48	1.2	Big Questions – H2	3	Neanderthal	noun	Neanderthals	an extinct species of human that existed in ice-age Europe, often characterized by a receeding forehead and prominent brow ridge		We often think of Neanderthals as cave men that lived with the dinosaurs, but in fact, Neanderthals lived at the same time as some early moden humans!
49	1.2	"Origin Stories Introduction"	2	symbol	noun	symbols, symbolic	something that represents something else, especially a material sign or object that stands for a complex or abstract concept	emblem, token	The rose is a symbol of love.
50	1.2	"Origin Stories Introduction"	2	culture	noun	cultures, cultural	all the knowledge and values shared by a society	civilization, way of life, lifestyle, folklore	The drive-in movie was once a staple of American culture.
51	1.2	"Origin Stories Introduction"	3	oral tradition	noun	oral traditions	the stories, beliefs, etc., that a group of people share by telling stories and talking to each other	oral history	Tales of my great-great-great grandfather's adventures as a sea captain have been passed down through my family by oral tradition.	written history
52	1.2	"Origin Stories Introduction"	3	origin story	noun	origin stories	a narrative that explains how something came to be	mythology	Big History teaches us the origin story of the entire Universe.
53	1.2	"Origin Stories Introduction"	3	literate	adjective		able to read and write	educated, intellectual, learned	She hadn't been able to attend school and had not become literate.	illiterate
54	1.2	"Origin Stories Introduction"	3	ethnologist	noun	ethnologists, ethnology	a person who studies different societies and cultures		The age-old customs of the locals have long fascinated ethnologists.
55	1.2	"Origin Story: Modern Scientific"	2	star	noun	stars	any of a vast number of celestial bodies other than the moon visible from earth as points of light in the night sky	sun	My neighbor has a telescope on his roof that he uses to look up at the stars on clear, dark nights.
56	1.2	"Origin Story: Modern Scientific"	2	climate	noun	climates, climatic	the weather conditions most prevailing in a place, averaged over several years or decades	weather patterns	Antarctica is known for both its cold climate and its penguins.
57	1.2	"Origin Story: Modern Scientific"	3	atom	noun	atoms, atomic	a small unit of matter composed of protons, electrons, and usually neutrons	particle	Everything is made of atoms, including you and me.
58	1.2	"Origin Story: Modern Scientific"	3	element	noun	elements	a substance that that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. Each element is distinguished by its atomic number, or, the number of protons in its nuclei		Some of the more well-known elements are lead, zinc, hydrogen, and gold.
59	1.2	"Origin Story: Modern Scientific"	3	ozone layer	noun		layer of the atmosphere characterized by a high ozone content that blocks ultraviolet radiation from reaching the Earth		Global warming and climate change have caused holes to appear in Earth's ozone layer, damaging its integrity and exposing us all to harmful UV radiaiton.
60	1.2	"Origin Story: Modern Scientific"	3	atmosphere	noun	atmospheric	the mixture of gases surrounding a planet	air, sky	The composition of the Earth’s atmosphere has played a critical role in the development of life on Earth.
61	1.2	"Origin Story: Modern Scientific"	3	matter	noun		the physical material of the Universe, including subatomic particles, atoms, and the substances that are built out of them	stuff, substance	Matter makes up everything you know and will ever know.
62	1.2	"Origin Story: Modern Scientific"	3	fossil fuel	noun	fossil fuels	a carbon-based material such as coal, oil, or natural gas that can be used as an energy source	nonrenewable fuel source	Fossil fuels were originally formed when the remains of living organisms were buried and broken down by intense heat and pressure over millions of years.	renewable fuel source
63	1.2	"Origin Story: Chinese"	2	chaos	noun	chaotic	a state, condition, or place of complete disorder and confusion	anarchy, confusion	He lived a monastic life, reflecting on his place in the world and secluding himself from the chaos outside his home.	order
64	1.2	"Origin Story: Chinese"	3	marrow	noun	marrows, marrowish, marrowy	the soft fatty tissue that fills most bone cavities	tissue, meat	Bone marrow transplants can be used to treat certain types of cancer such as leukemia.
65	1.2	"Origin Story: Chinese"	3	pillar	noun	pillars	a tall, often cylindrical shaft used to support a structure or to serve as a decoration or monument	column	The earthquake caused cracks to appear in the pillars holding up the temple, causing many people to question its structural integrity.
66	1.2	"Origin Story: Chinese"	3	fertile	adjective	fertiley, fertileness	producing or caoable of producing abundant growth of farm crops or other vegetation	fruitful, lush, abundant	The crops flourished in the fertile soil.	barren, infertile
67	1.2	"Origin Story: Chinese"	3	yin and yang	noun		the idea that all things exist as inseparable and contradictory opposites, including female-male, aggressive-passive, cold-hot, dark-light, and wet-dry		In Chinese origin stories, the world began as a huge egg containing chaos, a mixture of yin and yang.
68	1.2	"Origin Story: Judeo-Christian"	2	govern	verb	governs, governing, governed	to rule over or in by political or sovereign authority	dominate, lead, rule	The country is governed by the parliament.	abandon, neglect
69	1.2	"Origin Story: Judeo-Christian"	2	creation	noun		the act of starting something for the first time; introducing something new	conception, foundation, origination	Both Jews and Christians see the universe as God's creation.	destruction
70	1.2	"Origin Story: Judeo-Christian"	2	bless	verb	blesses, blessing, blessed	to make holy by religious ritual	sanctify, consecrate, hallow	The priest blessed the marriage.	desecrate
71	1.2	"Origin Story: Judeo-Christian"	3	vegetation	noun		plants or plant life generally, as in a particular area	greenery, plants	The vegetation by the river hid the elk from view.
72	1.2	"Origin Story: Judeo-Christian"	3	genesis	noun		the first book of the Old Testament, which tells of the creation of the universe and the history of the Hebrew patriarchs	origin, provenance	In the story of genesis, God creates humans last of all creation.
73	1.2	"Origin Story: Judeo-Christian"	3	livestock	noun		domestic animals, such as cows, horses, or sheep, raised or kept on a farm or ranch	animals	Common examples of livestock include pigs and cows.
74	1.2	"Origin Story: Judeo-Christian"	3	dome	noun	domes, doming, domed	a rounded, circular roof or ceiling on a room or building; something that has a shape similar to an architectural dome, such as a rounded rock formation or the sky		The dome-like shape of the sky is evidence to the fact that the Earth is round.
75	1.2	"Origin Story: Iroquois"	2	volunteer	veru	volunteers, volunteering, volunteered	to present oneself for work or service; to offer (one's time or labor) freely or for no pay	enlist, sign-up	I think I'll volunteer at the soup kitchen this year.	compel, obligate, force
76	1.2	"Origin Story: Iroquois"	2	fate	noun	fates, fated	ultimate result	outcome, fortune	I was disappointed with the book's ending because I wanted to know the fate of the other characters.
77	1.2	"Origin Story: Iroquois"	2	island	noun	islands	a body of land smaller than a continent and completely surrounded by water	isle, archipelago	Once on the islands, the ancestral species could evolve rapidly.	mainland
78	1.2	"Origin Story: Iroquois"	2	root	noun	roots, rooted	the part of a plant that usu. grows underground, absorbs water and nutrients, and attaches the plant to the soil	foundation, base	She pulled the weeds along with their roots.
79	1.2	"Origin Story: Iroquois"	3	council	noun	councils	an assembly of persons gathered together for administrative, legislative, or advisory purposes	assemble, board, committee	The town council will be voting on the issue tonight.
80	1.2	"Origin Story: Iroquois"	3	chief	noun	chiefs	the foremost or most important person in a group; leader	leader, head	The chief of police was in charge of the investigation.
81	1.2	"Origin Story: Mayan"	2	memory	noun	memories	an experience, person, or thing that one remembers	recollection, reminiscence	Their memories came back slowly after the accident.	fiction
82	1.2	"Origin Story: Mayan"	2	dawn	noun	dawns	the first appearance or beginning of something long-lasting	beginning, start, emergence	The dawn of a new world was upon them.	end, finale
83	1.2	"Origin Story: Mayan"	3	maker	noun	makers	someone or something that makes or creates things	constructor, creator	My grandmother was a wonderful maker of pies.	destructor
84	1.2	"Origin Story: Mayan"	3	nurture	verb	nurtures, nurturing, nurtured	to care for and encourage the growth and development of (a living thing)	cultivate, foster, nourish	She carefully nurtured her tiny plants.	neglect
85	1.2	"Origin Story: Mayan"	3	diviner	noun	diviners	one who is spiritual or godlike, as opposed to the earthly or worldly	mystic, oracle	I was given the opportunity to ask the mystical diviner about my future.
86	1.2	"Origin Story: Greek"	3	divine	ajective		of, from, pertaining to, or characteristic of a god or gods	godlike, omnipotent	They prayed to the goddess for divine wisdom.	earthly, ordinary
87	1.2	"Origin Story: Greek"	3	fertilize	verb	fetilizes, fertilizable	cause (an egg, female animal, or plant) to develop a new individual by introducing male reproductive material	impregnate, inseminate	The male fish fertilizes the eggs of the female.	lay bare
88	1.2	"Origin Story: Greek"	3	castrate	verb	castrates, castrating, castrated	to remove the sexual organs of, esp. the testicles	neuter, sterilize	The vet suggested that the farmer castrate his male bulls.
89	1.2	"Origin Story: Greek"	3	court	noun	courts	a sovereign and his or her councilors, together making up a ruling power	council	The king called on his court to give him advice regarding the ongoing war.
90	1.2	"Origin Story: Greek"	3	consort	noun	consorts	a wife or husband, esp. of a royal personage	spouse, partner	Prince Philip is the consort of Queen Elizabeth II.
91	1.2	"Origin Story: Greek"	3	prophecy	noun	prophecies	a prediction or admonition, especially when uttered by one considered to be a divine agent or prophet	divination, prediction	The prophecy states that the new king will be born on the 21st of October.
92	1.2	"Origin Story: Greek"	3	imprisonment	noun	imprisonments	the state of being kept in a prison or other place of confinement	confinement, detention, prison	The disproportionate imprisonment of Black men for minor drug offences has devastated the Black community in the United States.	liberation, discharge, freedom
93	1.2	"Origin Story: Zulu"	2	reed	noun	reeds	any of various tall marsh grasses or their straight, jointed, hollow stalks	twig	The reed swayed in the wind, creating a majestic picture of the landscape.
94	1.2	"Origin Story: Zulu"	2	ancestor	noun	ancestors	someone from whom you are descended (but usually more remote than a grandparent)	forefather	Imagine the surpise of that early ancestor of ours who stuck a willow branch into the ground, only to find that it grew into a tree.	descendant
95	1.2	"Origin Story: Zulu"	2	sprout	verb	sprouts, sprouted, sprouting	to start to grow, as a shoot or bud	rise, emerge	The bud began to sprout once the spring sun came out.	die, shrivel
96	1.2	"Origin Story: Zulu"	2	harvest	verb	harvests, harvested, harvesting	the gathering of ripe crops	collect, gather, pick	To harvest crops this early in the season would be useless as they still have a long way to grow.	abandon, leave
97	1.2	"Origin Story: Zulu"	3	mortal	adjective	mortality	subject to death; destined to die	perishable	All mortal beings of the world only have so long to live.	deathless, immortal, undying
98	1.2	"Origin Story: Zulu"	3	fertile	adjective	fertiley, fertileness	producing or caoable of producing abundant growth of farm crops or other vegetation	fruitful, lush, abundant	The crops flourished in the fertile soil.	barren, infertile
99	1.2	"Origin Story: Efik"	2	worship	verb	worships, worshipped, worshipping	to render religious devotion, honor, and love to	adore, revere, venerate	The ancient Greeks worshiped their gods in temples such as these.	abhor, condemn
100	1.2	"Origin Story: Efik"	2	farm	verb	farms, farming, farmed	to cultivate (land) or raise (animals)	cultivate, grow, harvest	They had to drain the swamp before they could farm the land.	buy