ABEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
1
N°Número de publicaciónCódigo país de solicitudNúmero de prioridadNúmero de solicitudTítuloResumenSolicitanteCódigo país del solicitanteFecha de solicitudFecha de publicaciónCIPCategoría
2
1CA2542313CCAUS2003510473P | WO2004US33552ACA2542313AElectrode for oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in e.g. electrolytic cell for hydrogen production comprises multi-metallic electro-catalyst having noble metal and a metal that is active to ammonia oxidation deposited on supportAn electrode comprises a support, and a multi-metallic electro-catalyst including a noble metal and at least one metal that is active to ammonia oxidation co-deposited on the support. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:an electrolytic cell for production of hydrogen comprising the electrode, an alkaline electrolyte solution and ammonia;an ammonia fuel cell comprising the electrode as anode, cathode, ammonia and alkaline electrolyte;a sensor for measuring concentration of ammonia present in solution comprising the electrode; anda method for removing ammonia contaminants from contaminated effluents involving sending the effluents to ammonia electrolytic cell having the electrode and applying current sufficient to oxidize ammonia in effluent. For oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in electrolytic cell for hydrogen production; ammonia fuel cell; ammonia electrochemical sensors; and purification processes for ammonia-contaminated effluents. The electro-catalyst makes electrodes more reversible and improves the kinetic toward ammonia oxidation. The electro-catalyst requires much lower loading than for other electro-catalyst, which results in lower cost in producing the electro-catalyst. The electrode minimizes hydrogen storage problem, exhibits fuel flexibility and zero hazardous environmental emission. The support is selected from platinum mesh, platinum foil, platinum sponge, gold mesh, metal foil, tantalum mesh, tantalum foil or iridium sponge. The support is Raney metal treated support comprising a layer of Raney metal deposited on the support. The Raney metal is selected from Raney nickel, Raney cobalt, and/or Raney titanium (preferably Raney nickel). The metals that are active to ammonia oxidation are selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, palladium, gold, silver, nickel, iron and platinum. When the noble metal is platinum, the metal that are active to ammonia oxidation is selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, silver, nickel, and iron.The alkaline electrolyte is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.OHIO UNIVERSITYUS2004-10-122012-12-04C02, C25, G01, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
3
2CA2770880CCAUS2009236282P | WO2010US46562ACA2770880AAlkaline fuel cell includes alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyteAn alkaline fuel cell comprises an air cathode coupled with a two-trap air filter assembly. The air filter assembly includes a series of a first thermally regenerative chemical carbon dioxide trap arranged in tandem with a second strongly-bonding carbon dioxide chemical trap. The traps (12a-b, 14) are disposed upstream from an inlet (32) to the air cathode, and can reduce levels of carbon dioxide in an air stream. The alkaline fuel cell includes an alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyte. An alkaline fuel cell. The alkaline fuel cell has reduced levels of CO 2 in air streams supplied to the fuel cell cathode. Preferred Component: The first trap is configured for thermal regeneration by passing a rejuvenating air stream through the first trap, where the rejuvenating air stream includes the cathode exhaust air supplied to the first trap with(out) additional heating. The second trap includes an active material including soda lime, lithium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide. The second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10. The first trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream by a factor of 10, and the second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10, where the level of CO 2 in the air stream supplied to the cathode air inlet is under 5 ppm, preferably ≤ 1 ppm.Preferred Component: The first trap includes a resin with amine functional groups which serve as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) trapping sites via a reaction of the amine with CO 2 and water vapor to form bicarbonate by reacting R-NH 2 , CO 2 and water to produce R-NH 3+ (HCO 3- ). The first CO 2 trap includes, as active material, a resin with amine functional groups which serve as CO 2 trapping sites via a reaction with CO 2 under dry air conditions to form carbamate by reacting 2(R-NH 2 ) and CO 2 to produce (R-NHCOO - )(R-NH 3+ ).R=carbonaceous polymer backbone. The drawing is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide filtration system for alkaline fuel cell.12a-b, 14Traps16Air pump30Air inlet32Air cathode inlet100Carbon dioxide systemHYDROLITE LTDIL2010-08-242018-10-16H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
4
3CA3077411A1CAUS62565076P | US62568755P | WO2018US53651ACA3077411APolymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer, comprises reaction product of mixture comprising piperidone monomer or azoniaspiro salt monomer, aromatic monomer and optionally trifluoromethyl ketone monomerA polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer (I) or an azoniaspiro salt monomer (II), an aromatic monomer (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer (IV). A polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer of formula (I) or its salt or hydrate or an azoniaspiro salt monomer of formula (II), an aromatic monomer of formula (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer of formula (IV).R=1 -R=11 , R=13 -R=17H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo), and R3 and R6 are optionally linked to form a five membered ring optionally substituted with halo or alkyl;R=12alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro), or group of formula (i);m=1-8;n=0-3;andX=-anion.INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:polymer (A1) comprising a reaction product of an alkylating agent and the polymer (A) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the piperidone monomer;polymer comprising a reaction product of a base and the polymer (A) or (A1) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the azoniaspiro salt monomer;piperidinium polymer (A2) comprising a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidine-functionalized polymer and a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound of formula (V) or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is optionally substituted pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, imidazoline, triazole, pyridine, triazine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, azepine, quinoline, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, azepane, isoxazole, isoxazoline, oxazole, oxazoline, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, oxazine, oxadiazine, isoxazolidine, morpholine, thiazole, isothiazole, oxathiazole, oxathiazine, or caprolactam;anion exchange polymer (A3) comprising a reaction product of a base and the piperidinium polymer (A2);anion exchange polymer comprising structural units of formulae (1A)-(3A) and optionally structural unit of formula (4A);hydroxide exchange polymer comprising poly(aryl piperidinium) backbone free of ether linkages, and having water uptake of 60% or less based on the dry weight of the polymer when immersed in pure water at 95° C, or having hydroxide conductivity in pure water at 95° C of 100 mS/cm or more. The polymer is stable to degradation when immersed in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 100° C for 2000 hours, and has tensile strength of 40 MPa or more at elongation at break of 100% or more, or tensile strength of 60 MPa or more at elongation at break of 150% or more;preparation of polymer, which involves reacting the piperidone monomer or its salt or hydrate, optional trifluoromethyl ketone monomer, and the aromatic monomer in the presence of an organic solvent and a polymerization catalyst to form a piperidine-functionalized intermediate polymer, alkylating in the presence of an organic solvent to form a piperidinium-functionalized intermediate polymer, and reacting with a base;manufacture of anion exchange polymer membrane, which involves dissolving the polymer in a solvent to form a polymer solution, casting the polymer solution to form a polymer membrane, and exchanging anions of the polymer membrane with hydroxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate ions to form the anion exchange polymer membrane;anion exchange membrane fuel cell comprising the polymer; andreinforced electrolyte membrane comprising a porous substrate impregnated with the polymer.R=17 ,R=24alkylene;R=19 ,R=23alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl;q=0-6;X=-anion;Z=N or P;R=10 ,R=20 ,R=30 ,R=40 , R=50 ,R=60 ,R=70 ,R=80 ,R=90 ,R=110 ,R=120 ,R=130 ,R=140 ,R=150H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo);R=100alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl (all optionally substituted with fluoro) or group of formula (ii);m=1-8;andn=0-3. Polymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer used for forming anion exchange membrane and reinforced electrolyte membrane used in fuel cell (all claimed). Can also be used for electrolyzers (e.g. water/carbon dioxide/ammonia electrolyzer), electrodialyzer, ion-exchanger, solar hydrogen generator, desalinator for desalination of sea/brackish water, demineralization of water, ultra-pure water production, wastewater treatment, concentration of electrolyte solutions in food, drug, chemical, and biotechnology fields, super capacitors and sensor. The polymer has desired alkaline/chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties. Preferred Components: The base comprises hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate-containing base, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.Preferred Components: The azoniaspiro salt monomer is 3-oxo-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecane halide. The piperidone monomer is N-methyl-4-piperidone or 4-piperidone. The salt of the piperidone monomer comprises hydrochloride, hydrofluoride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, trifluoroacetate, acetate, triflate, methanesulfonate, sulfate, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, formate, benzenesulfonate, toluate, perchlorate, or benzoate, preferably 4-piperidone hydrofluoride, 4-piperidone hydrochloride, 4-piperidone hydrobromide, 4-piperidone hydroiodide, 4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, 4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, 4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, 4-piperidone acetate, 4-piperidone triflate, 4-piperidone methanesulfonate, 4-piperidone formate, 4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, 4-piperidone toluate, 4-piperidone sulfate, 4-piperidone nitrate, 4-piperidone perchlorate, 4-piperidone benzoate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrofluoride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrobromide, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydroiodide, N-methyl-4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, N-methyl-4-piperidone acetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone triflate, N-methyl-4-piperidone methanesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone formate, N-methyl-4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone toluate, N-methyl-4-piperidone sulfate, N-methyl-4-piperidone nitrate, N-methyl-4-piperidone perchlorate and N-methyl-4-piperidone benzoate. The aromatic monomer comprises biphenyl, para-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, para-quaterphenyl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene, or benzene. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is preferably 1-butyl-2-mesityl-4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole. The piperidinium polymer comprises a reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl ketone monomer preferably 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone or 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone. The alkylating agent comprises methyl iodide, iodoethane, 1-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 1-iodopentane, 1-iodohexane, methyl bromide, bromoethane, 1-bromopropane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromopentane, 1-bromohexane, methyl chloride, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 1-chlorohexane, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl fluorosulfonate, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, trimethyl phosphate or dimethyl sulfate. The polymerization catalyst comprises trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, heptafluoro-1-propanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropionic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid. The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, chloroform, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and/or dimethylacetamide.Preferred Composition: The sum of the mole fractions of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) and (4A) in the polymer is equal to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) in the polymer. The ratio of the mole fraction of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) in the polymer to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) is 0.01-1. Preferred Component: The porous substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ether) ketone, polyaryletherketone, poly(aryl piperidinium), poly(aryl piperidine), polysulfone, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer. The porous substrate has a porous microstructure of polymeric fibrils, and has thickness 1-100 microns. Preferred Properties: The hydroxide exchange polymer is insoluble in pure water and isopropanol at 100° C, and soluble in mixture of water and isopropanol at 100° C. The hydroxide exchange polymer has peak power density of 350 mW/cm2 or more, when the polymer is used as an hydroxide exchange membrane of an hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell and is loaded at 20% as an hydroxide exchange ionomer in cathodic and anodic catalyst layers of the fuel cell, and decrease in voltage over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less and an increase in resistance over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less. The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell. 10Fuel cell12,14Catalyst layer16Membrane electrolyte18,20Gas diffusion layers22InletUNIVERSITY OF DELAWAREUS 2018-09-282019-04-04B01, B32Celda de Combustible Alcalina
5
4CN102668212BCNUS2009236282P | WO2010US46562ACN201080037510AAlkaline fuel cell includes alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyteAn alkaline fuel cell comprises an air cathode coupled with a two-trap air filter assembly. The air filter assembly includes a series of a first thermally regenerative chemical carbon dioxide trap arranged in tandem with a second strongly-bonding carbon dioxide chemical trap. The traps (12a-b, 14) are disposed upstream from an inlet (32) to the air cathode, and can reduce levels of carbon dioxide in an air stream. The alkaline fuel cell includes an alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyte. An alkaline fuel cell. The alkaline fuel cell has reduced levels of CO 2 in air streams supplied to the fuel cell cathode. Preferred Component: The first trap is configured for thermal regeneration by passing a rejuvenating air stream through the first trap, where the rejuvenating air stream includes the cathode exhaust air supplied to the first trap with(out) additional heating. The second trap includes an active material including soda lime, lithium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide. The second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10. The first trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream by a factor of 10, and the second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10, where the level of CO 2 in the air stream supplied to the cathode air inlet is under 5 ppm, preferably ≤ 1 ppm.Preferred Component: The first trap includes a resin with amine functional groups which serve as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) trapping sites via a reaction of the amine with CO 2 and water vapor to form bicarbonate by reacting R-NH 2 , CO 2 and water to produce R-NH 3+ (HCO 3- ). The first CO 2 trap includes, as active material, a resin with amine functional groups which serve as CO 2 trapping sites via a reaction with CO 2 under dry air conditions to form carbamate by reacting 2(R-NH 2 ) and CO 2 to produce (R-NHCOO - )(R-NH 3+ ).R=carbonaceous polymer backbone. The drawing is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide filtration system for alkaline fuel cell.12a-b, 14Traps16Air pump30Air inlet32Air cathode inlet100Carbon dioxide systemELBIT SYSTEMS LTDIL2010-08-242016-04-20H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
6
5CN102782921ACNUS2010309542P | WO2011EP1046ACN201180011673AAmmonia-based hydrogen generation reactor for generation of hydrogen in power generation device, has outer jacket annulus for recovery of heat from combustion products exiting combustion chamberThe reactor (110) has an ammonia cracking chamber (1) with an ammonia cracking catalyst, and an inner combustion chamber (2) with a combustion or oxidation catalyst in thermal contact with the ammonia cracking chamber. An outer jacket annulus (6) is provided for recovery of heat from the combustion products exiting the combustion chamber, where the cracking chamber, the inner combustion chamber, a preheating chamber (3), and the heat recovery jacket annulus are arranged concentrically such that the cracking chamber forms the innermost chamber. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:a system for generating hydrogen, comprising a storage unita power generation device comprising an alkaline fuel cella method for operating a system for generating hydrogen. Ammonia-based hydrogen generation reactor for generation of hydrogen by cracking ammonia stored in a solid storage material i.e. metal ammine salt, for power generation in a power generation device (claimed). The reactor enables energy efficient generation of hydrogen for power generation in a power generation device. The drawing shows a schematic view of a hydrogen generation reactor with inlets and outlets to the reactor.1Ammonia cracking chamber2Inner combustion chamber3Preheating chamber6Outer jacket annulus110Ammonia-based hydrogen generation reactorFAURECIA S. A.DK2011-03-022012-11-14H01, B01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
7
6CN111954571BCNUS62565076P | US62568755P | WO2018US53651ACN201880069817APolymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer, comprises reaction product of mixture comprising piperidone monomer or azoniaspiro salt monomer, aromatic monomer and optionally trifluoromethyl ketone monomerA polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer (I) or an azoniaspiro salt monomer (II), an aromatic monomer (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer (IV). A polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer of formula (I) or its salt or hydrate or an azoniaspiro salt monomer of formula (II), an aromatic monomer of formula (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer of formula (IV).R=1 -R=11 , R=13 -R=17H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo), and R3 and R6 are optionally linked to form a five membered ring optionally substituted with halo or alkyl;R=12alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro), or group of formula (i);m=1-8;n=0-3;andX=-anion.INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:polymer (A1) comprising a reaction product of an alkylating agent and the polymer (A) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the piperidone monomer;polymer comprising a reaction product of a base and the polymer (A) or (A1) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the azoniaspiro salt monomer;piperidinium polymer (A2) comprising a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidine-functionalized polymer and a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound of formula (V) or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is optionally substituted pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, imidazoline, triazole, pyridine, triazine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, azepine, quinoline, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, azepane, isoxazole, isoxazoline, oxazole, oxazoline, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, oxazine, oxadiazine, isoxazolidine, morpholine, thiazole, isothiazole, oxathiazole, oxathiazine, or caprolactam;anion exchange polymer (A3) comprising a reaction product of a base and the piperidinium polymer (A2);anion exchange polymer comprising structural units of formulae (1A)-(3A) and optionally structural unit of formula (4A);hydroxide exchange polymer comprising poly(aryl piperidinium) backbone free of ether linkages, and having water uptake of 60% or less based on the dry weight of the polymer when immersed in pure water at 95° C, or having hydroxide conductivity in pure water at 95° C of 100 mS/cm or more. The polymer is stable to degradation when immersed in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 100° C for 2000 hours, and has tensile strength of 40 MPa or more at elongation at break of 100% or more, or tensile strength of 60 MPa or more at elongation at break of 150% or more;preparation of polymer, which involves reacting the piperidone monomer or its salt or hydrate, optional trifluoromethyl ketone monomer, and the aromatic monomer in the presence of an organic solvent and a polymerization catalyst to form a piperidine-functionalized intermediate polymer, alkylating in the presence of an organic solvent to form a piperidinium-functionalized intermediate polymer, and reacting with a base;manufacture of anion exchange polymer membrane, which involves dissolving the polymer in a solvent to form a polymer solution, casting the polymer solution to form a polymer membrane, and exchanging anions of the polymer membrane with hydroxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate ions to form the anion exchange polymer membrane;anion exchange membrane fuel cell comprising the polymer; andreinforced electrolyte membrane comprising a porous substrate impregnated with the polymer.R=17 ,R=24alkylene;R=19 ,R=23alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl;q=0-6;X=-anion;Z=N or P;R=10 ,R=20 ,R=30 ,R=40 , R=50 ,R=60 ,R=70 ,R=80 ,R=90 ,R=110 ,R=120 ,R=130 ,R=140 ,R=150H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo);R=100alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl (all optionally substituted with fluoro) or group of formula (ii);m=1-8;andn=0-3. Polymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer used for forming anion exchange membrane and reinforced electrolyte membrane used in fuel cell (all claimed). Can also be used for electrolyzers (e.g. water/carbon dioxide/ammonia electrolyzer), electrodialyzer, ion-exchanger, solar hydrogen generator, desalinator for desalination of sea/brackish water, demineralization of water, ultra-pure water production, wastewater treatment, concentration of electrolyte solutions in food, drug, chemical, and biotechnology fields, super capacitors and sensor. The polymer has desired alkaline/chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties. Preferred Components: The base comprises hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate-containing base, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.Preferred Components: The azoniaspiro salt monomer is 3-oxo-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecane halide. The piperidone monomer is N-methyl-4-piperidone or 4-piperidone. The salt of the piperidone monomer comprises hydrochloride, hydrofluoride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, trifluoroacetate, acetate, triflate, methanesulfonate, sulfate, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, formate, benzenesulfonate, toluate, perchlorate, or benzoate, preferably 4-piperidone hydrofluoride, 4-piperidone hydrochloride, 4-piperidone hydrobromide, 4-piperidone hydroiodide, 4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, 4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, 4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, 4-piperidone acetate, 4-piperidone triflate, 4-piperidone methanesulfonate, 4-piperidone formate, 4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, 4-piperidone toluate, 4-piperidone sulfate, 4-piperidone nitrate, 4-piperidone perchlorate, 4-piperidone benzoate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrofluoride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrobromide, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydroiodide, N-methyl-4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, N-methyl-4-piperidone acetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone triflate, N-methyl-4-piperidone methanesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone formate, N-methyl-4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone toluate, N-methyl-4-piperidone sulfate, N-methyl-4-piperidone nitrate, N-methyl-4-piperidone perchlorate and N-methyl-4-piperidone benzoate. The aromatic monomer comprises biphenyl, para-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, para-quaterphenyl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene, or benzene. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is preferably 1-butyl-2-mesityl-4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole. The piperidinium polymer comprises a reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl ketone monomer preferably 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone or 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone. The alkylating agent comprises methyl iodide, iodoethane, 1-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 1-iodopentane, 1-iodohexane, methyl bromide, bromoethane, 1-bromopropane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromopentane, 1-bromohexane, methyl chloride, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 1-chlorohexane, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl fluorosulfonate, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, trimethyl phosphate or dimethyl sulfate. The polymerization catalyst comprises trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, heptafluoro-1-propanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropionic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid. The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, chloroform, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and/or dimethylacetamide.Preferred Composition: The sum of the mole fractions of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) and (4A) in the polymer is equal to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) in the polymer. The ratio of the mole fraction of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) in the polymer to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) is 0.01-1. Preferred Component: The porous substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ether) ketone, polyaryletherketone, poly(aryl piperidinium), poly(aryl piperidine), polysulfone, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer. The porous substrate has a porous microstructure of polymeric fibrils, and has thickness 1-100 microns. Preferred Properties: The hydroxide exchange polymer is insoluble in pure water and isopropanol at 100° C, and soluble in mixture of water and isopropanol at 100° C. The hydroxide exchange polymer has peak power density of 350 mW/cm2 or more, when the polymer is used as an hydroxide exchange membrane of an hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell and is loaded at 20% as an hydroxide exchange ionomer in cathodic and anodic catalyst layers of the fuel cell, and decrease in voltage over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less and an increase in resistance over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less. The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell. 10Fuel cell12,14Catalyst layer16Membrane electrolyte18,20Gas diffusion layers22InletUNIVERSITY OF DELAWAREUS2018-09-282023-08-04B01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
8
7CN113169345ACNIL260880A | WO2019IL50850ACN201980062476ADirect ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cellThe direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for operating direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell. Direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell.HYDROLITE LTDIL2019-07-282021-07-23H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
9
8CN116970199ACNCN202310825521ACN202310825521APreparing in-situ ion cross-linking and nano-network dual-enhanced cationic functionalized chitosan composite anion exchange membrane used in e.g. fuel cell, comprises dissolving chitosan, filling in framework to remove solvent, soaking membrane in alkaline solution for ion cross-linking, and dryingPreparing in-situ ion cross-linking and nano-network dual-enhanced cationic functionalized chitosan composite anion exchange membrane comprises (a) preparing cationic functionalized chitosan, (b) preparing cationic functionalized three-dimensional framework, (c) dissolving the cationic functionalized chitosan and filling into the cationic functionalized three-dimensional framework, removing the solvent to obtain a dry film, and (d) soaking the obtained membrane in an alkaline solution for ion cross-linking, and washing and drying to obtain the composite anion exchange membrane. The membrane is useful in alkaline polyelectrolyte fuel cell (claimed). The membrane has low swelling rate, high ion conductivity, high mechanical property, high fuel cell property, excellent comprehensive performance and wide application prospect, and is economical. Preferred Components: In the step (a) and (b) the cation in the cationic functionalizing reagents includes quaternary ammonium cation, imidazolium cation, or azaspiro cation. The substitution degree of the cationic functionalizing chitosan is ≮ 50%, preferably 60-80%. The three-dimensional framework comprises polytetrafluoroethylene fiber film, polyvinylidene fluoride fiber film, polyacrylonitrile fiber film, polypropylene non-woven fabric, or electrospinning fiber film, where the porosity of the three-dimensional framework is 70-85%, and the thickness is 40-70 µm. The quaternary ammonium cationic functionalizing chitosan or three-dimensional framework used quaternary ammonium reagent comprises 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, (6-bromohexyl)trimethylammonium bromide, or (3-bromopropyl)trimethylammonium bromide. The imidazolium reagent used to prepare imidazolium cationic functionalized chitosan or three-dimensional framework comprises 1-carboxymethyl 3-methylimidazolium chloride, or 2-chloro-1,3-dimethylimidazolinium chloride. The azaspiro reagent used to prepare azaspiro cationic functionalized chitosan or three-dimensional framework comprises 8-(chloromethyl)-2-cyclopropyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane, or 8-(bromomethyl)-2-cyclopropyl-2-azaspiro[4.5]decane. In the step (c), the concentration of cationic functionalized chitosan is 1-5 wt.%/vol.%. In the step (d), the alkaline solution includes sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and magnesium hydroxide, the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.5-2 M, and the soaking time is 12-48 hours.Preferred Method: The method comprises surface-coating the three-dimensional framework with polydopamine before surface treatment of the cationic functionalized three-dimensional framework using cationic functionalizing reagent. In the step (b), the method for preparing the quaternary ammonium cation functionalized three-dimensional framework comprises soaking the poly dopamine-coated three-dimensional framework in deionized water for pre-treatment, adding 2,3-epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride powder, whose concentration in deionized water is 4-8 wt.%/vol.%, reacting at 80℃ for 12-24 hours, and washing and drying to obtain quaternary ammonium cationic functionalized three-dimensional framework. In the step (b), the step of surface coating the three-dimensional framework with polydopamine comprises preparing 0.5-1 mmol/l tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride aqueous solution adding certain amount of ammonia solution to adjust the pH to 8-9, and soaking the three-dimensional framework in ammonia solution, adding 0.5-1 g/l levodopamine and stirring at room temperature for 12-24 hours to obtain the polydopamine-coated three-dimensional framework. In the step (a), the method for preparing cationic functionalized chitosan comprises dissolving chitosan in acetic acid aqueous solution, adding sodium hydroxide aqueous solution for alkalization treatment, using deionized water to wash to neutral, adding the alkalized chitosan into isopropanol, adding a certain amount of cationic functionalizing agent, stirring and reacting to obtain quaternary ammonium cationic functionalized chitosan with substitution degree of 50- 90%.UNIV HUBEI ENGCN2023-07-062023-10-31C08, B82, D06, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
10
9EP2471139B1EPUS2009236282P | WO2010US46562AEP2010812562AAlkaline fuel cell includes alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyteAn alkaline fuel cell comprises an air cathode coupled with a two-trap air filter assembly. The air filter assembly includes a series of a first thermally regenerative chemical carbon dioxide trap arranged in tandem with a second strongly-bonding carbon dioxide chemical trap. The traps (12a-b, 14) are disposed upstream from an inlet (32) to the air cathode, and can reduce levels of carbon dioxide in an air stream. The alkaline fuel cell includes an alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyte. An alkaline fuel cell. The alkaline fuel cell has reduced levels of CO 2 in air streams supplied to the fuel cell cathode. Preferred Component: The first trap is configured for thermal regeneration by passing a rejuvenating air stream through the first trap, where the rejuvenating air stream includes the cathode exhaust air supplied to the first trap with(out) additional heating. The second trap includes an active material including soda lime, lithium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide. The second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10. The first trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream by a factor of 10, and the second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10, where the level of CO 2 in the air stream supplied to the cathode air inlet is under 5 ppm, preferably ≤ 1 ppm.Preferred Component: The first trap includes a resin with amine functional groups which serve as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) trapping sites via a reaction of the amine with CO 2 and water vapor to form bicarbonate by reacting R-NH 2 , CO 2 and water to produce R-NH 3+ (HCO 3- ). The first CO 2 trap includes, as active material, a resin with amine functional groups which serve as CO 2 trapping sites via a reaction with CO 2 under dry air conditions to form carbamate by reacting 2(R-NH 2 ) and CO 2 to produce (R-NHCOO - )(R-NH 3+ ).R=carbonaceous polymer backbone. The drawing is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide filtration system for alkaline fuel cell.12a-b, 14Traps16Air pump30Air inlet32Air cathode inlet100Carbon dioxide systemELBIT SYSTEMS LTDIL2010-08-242019-01-16H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
11
10EP2543103A1EPUS2010309542P | WO2011EP1046AEP2011706761AAmmonia-based hydrogen generation reactor for generation of hydrogen in power generation device, has outer jacket annulus for recovery of heat from combustion products exiting combustion chamberThe reactor (110) has an ammonia cracking chamber (1) with an ammonia cracking catalyst, and an inner combustion chamber (2) with a combustion or oxidation catalyst in thermal contact with the ammonia cracking chamber. An outer jacket annulus (6) is provided for recovery of heat from the combustion products exiting the combustion chamber, where the cracking chamber, the inner combustion chamber, a preheating chamber (3), and the heat recovery jacket annulus are arranged concentrically such that the cracking chamber forms the innermost chamber. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:a system for generating hydrogen, comprising a storage unita power generation device comprising an alkaline fuel cella method for operating a system for generating hydrogen. Ammonia-based hydrogen generation reactor for generation of hydrogen by cracking ammonia stored in a solid storage material i.e. metal ammine salt, for power generation in a power generation device (claimed). The reactor enables energy efficient generation of hydrogen for power generation in a power generation device. The drawing shows a schematic view of a hydrogen generation reactor with inlets and outlets to the reactor.1Ammonia cracking chamber2Inner combustion chamber3Preheating chamber6Outer jacket annulus110Ammonia-based hydrogen generation reactorFAURECIA S. A.DK2011-03-022013-01-09H01, B01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
12
11EP3687671A4EPUS62565076P | US62568755P | WO2018US53651AEP2018863766APolymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer, comprises reaction product of mixture comprising piperidone monomer or azoniaspiro salt monomer, aromatic monomer and optionally trifluoromethyl ketone monomerA polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer (I) or an azoniaspiro salt monomer (II), an aromatic monomer (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer (IV). A polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer of formula (I) or its salt or hydrate or an azoniaspiro salt monomer of formula (II), an aromatic monomer of formula (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer of formula (IV).R=1 -R=11 , R=13 -R=17H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo), and R3 and R6 are optionally linked to form a five membered ring optionally substituted with halo or alkyl;R=12alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro), or group of formula (i);m=1-8;n=0-3;andX=-anion.INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:polymer (A1) comprising a reaction product of an alkylating agent and the polymer (A) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the piperidone monomer;polymer comprising a reaction product of a base and the polymer (A) or (A1) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the azoniaspiro salt monomer;piperidinium polymer (A2) comprising a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidine-functionalized polymer and a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound of formula (V) or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is optionally substituted pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, imidazoline, triazole, pyridine, triazine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, azepine, quinoline, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, azepane, isoxazole, isoxazoline, oxazole, oxazoline, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, oxazine, oxadiazine, isoxazolidine, morpholine, thiazole, isothiazole, oxathiazole, oxathiazine, or caprolactam;anion exchange polymer (A3) comprising a reaction product of a base and the piperidinium polymer (A2);anion exchange polymer comprising structural units of formulae (1A)-(3A) and optionally structural unit of formula (4A);hydroxide exchange polymer comprising poly(aryl piperidinium) backbone free of ether linkages, and having water uptake of 60% or less based on the dry weight of the polymer when immersed in pure water at 95° C, or having hydroxide conductivity in pure water at 95° C of 100 mS/cm or more. The polymer is stable to degradation when immersed in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 100° C for 2000 hours, and has tensile strength of 40 MPa or more at elongation at break of 100% or more, or tensile strength of 60 MPa or more at elongation at break of 150% or more;preparation of polymer, which involves reacting the piperidone monomer or its salt or hydrate, optional trifluoromethyl ketone monomer, and the aromatic monomer in the presence of an organic solvent and a polymerization catalyst to form a piperidine-functionalized intermediate polymer, alkylating in the presence of an organic solvent to form a piperidinium-functionalized intermediate polymer, and reacting with a base;manufacture of anion exchange polymer membrane, which involves dissolving the polymer in a solvent to form a polymer solution, casting the polymer solution to form a polymer membrane, and exchanging anions of the polymer membrane with hydroxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate ions to form the anion exchange polymer membrane;anion exchange membrane fuel cell comprising the polymer; andreinforced electrolyte membrane comprising a porous substrate impregnated with the polymer.R=17 ,R=24alkylene;R=19 ,R=23alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl;q=0-6;X=-anion;Z=N or P;R=10 ,R=20 ,R=30 ,R=40 , R=50 ,R=60 ,R=70 ,R=80 ,R=90 ,R=110 ,R=120 ,R=130 ,R=140 ,R=150H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo);R=100alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl (all optionally substituted with fluoro) or group of formula (ii);m=1-8;andn=0-3. Polymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer used for forming anion exchange membrane and reinforced electrolyte membrane used in fuel cell (all claimed). Can also be used for electrolyzers (e.g. water/carbon dioxide/ammonia electrolyzer), electrodialyzer, ion-exchanger, solar hydrogen generator, desalinator for desalination of sea/brackish water, demineralization of water, ultra-pure water production, wastewater treatment, concentration of electrolyte solutions in food, drug, chemical, and biotechnology fields, super capacitors and sensor. The polymer has desired alkaline/chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties. Preferred Components: The base comprises hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate-containing base, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.Preferred Components: The azoniaspiro salt monomer is 3-oxo-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecane halide. The piperidone monomer is N-methyl-4-piperidone or 4-piperidone. The salt of the piperidone monomer comprises hydrochloride, hydrofluoride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, trifluoroacetate, acetate, triflate, methanesulfonate, sulfate, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, formate, benzenesulfonate, toluate, perchlorate, or benzoate, preferably 4-piperidone hydrofluoride, 4-piperidone hydrochloride, 4-piperidone hydrobromide, 4-piperidone hydroiodide, 4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, 4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, 4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, 4-piperidone acetate, 4-piperidone triflate, 4-piperidone methanesulfonate, 4-piperidone formate, 4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, 4-piperidone toluate, 4-piperidone sulfate, 4-piperidone nitrate, 4-piperidone perchlorate, 4-piperidone benzoate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrofluoride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrobromide, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydroiodide, N-methyl-4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, N-methyl-4-piperidone acetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone triflate, N-methyl-4-piperidone methanesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone formate, N-methyl-4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone toluate, N-methyl-4-piperidone sulfate, N-methyl-4-piperidone nitrate, N-methyl-4-piperidone perchlorate and N-methyl-4-piperidone benzoate. The aromatic monomer comprises biphenyl, para-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, para-quaterphenyl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene, or benzene. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is preferably 1-butyl-2-mesityl-4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole. The piperidinium polymer comprises a reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl ketone monomer preferably 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone or 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone. The alkylating agent comprises methyl iodide, iodoethane, 1-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 1-iodopentane, 1-iodohexane, methyl bromide, bromoethane, 1-bromopropane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromopentane, 1-bromohexane, methyl chloride, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 1-chlorohexane, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl fluorosulfonate, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, trimethyl phosphate or dimethyl sulfate. The polymerization catalyst comprises trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, heptafluoro-1-propanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropionic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid. The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, chloroform, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and/or dimethylacetamide.Preferred Composition: The sum of the mole fractions of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) and (4A) in the polymer is equal to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) in the polymer. The ratio of the mole fraction of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) in the polymer to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) is 0.01-1. Preferred Component: The porous substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ether) ketone, polyaryletherketone, poly(aryl piperidinium), poly(aryl piperidine), polysulfone, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer. The porous substrate has a porous microstructure of polymeric fibrils, and has thickness 1-100 microns. Preferred Properties: The hydroxide exchange polymer is insoluble in pure water and isopropanol at 100° C, and soluble in mixture of water and isopropanol at 100° C. The hydroxide exchange polymer has peak power density of 350 mW/cm2 or more, when the polymer is used as an hydroxide exchange membrane of an hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell and is loaded at 20% as an hydroxide exchange ionomer in cathodic and anodic catalyst layers of the fuel cell, and decrease in voltage over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less and an increase in resistance over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less. The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell. 10Fuel cell12,14Catalyst layer16Membrane electrolyte18,20Gas diffusion layers22InletUNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE2018-09-282022-02-16B01, B32, C08, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
13
12EP3830889A4EPIL260880A | WO2019IL50850AEP2019844873ADirect ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cellThe direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for operating direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell. Direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell.HYDROLITE LTD2019-07-282022-06-08H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
14
13HK40038053AHKUS62565076P | US62568755PHK20216027494APolymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer, comprises reaction product of mixture comprising piperidone monomer or azoniaspiro salt monomer, aromatic monomer and optionally trifluoromethyl ketone monomerA polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer (I) or an azoniaspiro salt monomer (II), an aromatic monomer (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer (IV). A polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer of formula (I) or its salt or hydrate or an azoniaspiro salt monomer of formula (II), an aromatic monomer of formula (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer of formula (IV).R=1 -R=11 , R=13 -R=17H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo), and R3 and R6 are optionally linked to form a five membered ring optionally substituted with halo or alkyl;R=12alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro), or group of formula (i);m=1-8;n=0-3;andX=-anion.INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:polymer (A1) comprising a reaction product of an alkylating agent and the polymer (A) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the piperidone monomer;polymer comprising a reaction product of a base and the polymer (A) or (A1) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the azoniaspiro salt monomer;piperidinium polymer (A2) comprising a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidine-functionalized polymer and a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound of formula (V) or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is optionally substituted pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, imidazoline, triazole, pyridine, triazine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, azepine, quinoline, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, azepane, isoxazole, isoxazoline, oxazole, oxazoline, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, oxazine, oxadiazine, isoxazolidine, morpholine, thiazole, isothiazole, oxathiazole, oxathiazine, or caprolactam;anion exchange polymer (A3) comprising a reaction product of a base and the piperidinium polymer (A2);anion exchange polymer comprising structural units of formulae (1A)-(3A) and optionally structural unit of formula (4A);hydroxide exchange polymer comprising poly(aryl piperidinium) backbone free of ether linkages, and having water uptake of 60% or less based on the dry weight of the polymer when immersed in pure water at 95° C, or having hydroxide conductivity in pure water at 95° C of 100 mS/cm or more. The polymer is stable to degradation when immersed in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 100° C for 2000 hours, and has tensile strength of 40 MPa or more at elongation at break of 100% or more, or tensile strength of 60 MPa or more at elongation at break of 150% or more;preparation of polymer, which involves reacting the piperidone monomer or its salt or hydrate, optional trifluoromethyl ketone monomer, and the aromatic monomer in the presence of an organic solvent and a polymerization catalyst to form a piperidine-functionalized intermediate polymer, alkylating in the presence of an organic solvent to form a piperidinium-functionalized intermediate polymer, and reacting with a base;manufacture of anion exchange polymer membrane, which involves dissolving the polymer in a solvent to form a polymer solution, casting the polymer solution to form a polymer membrane, and exchanging anions of the polymer membrane with hydroxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate ions to form the anion exchange polymer membrane;anion exchange membrane fuel cell comprising the polymer; andreinforced electrolyte membrane comprising a porous substrate impregnated with the polymer.R=17 ,R=24alkylene;R=19 ,R=23alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl;q=0-6;X=-anion;Z=N or P;R=10 ,R=20 ,R=30 ,R=40 , R=50 ,R=60 ,R=70 ,R=80 ,R=90 ,R=110 ,R=120 ,R=130 ,R=140 ,R=150H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo);R=100alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl (all optionally substituted with fluoro) or group of formula (ii);m=1-8;andn=0-3. Polymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer used for forming anion exchange membrane and reinforced electrolyte membrane used in fuel cell (all claimed). Can also be used for electrolyzers (e.g. water/carbon dioxide/ammonia electrolyzer), electrodialyzer, ion-exchanger, solar hydrogen generator, desalinator for desalination of sea/brackish water, demineralization of water, ultra-pure water production, wastewater treatment, concentration of electrolyte solutions in food, drug, chemical, and biotechnology fields, super capacitors and sensor. The polymer has desired alkaline/chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties. Preferred Components: The base comprises hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate-containing base, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.Preferred Components: The azoniaspiro salt monomer is 3-oxo-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecane halide. The piperidone monomer is N-methyl-4-piperidone or 4-piperidone. The salt of the piperidone monomer comprises hydrochloride, hydrofluoride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, trifluoroacetate, acetate, triflate, methanesulfonate, sulfate, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, formate, benzenesulfonate, toluate, perchlorate, or benzoate, preferably 4-piperidone hydrofluoride, 4-piperidone hydrochloride, 4-piperidone hydrobromide, 4-piperidone hydroiodide, 4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, 4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, 4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, 4-piperidone acetate, 4-piperidone triflate, 4-piperidone methanesulfonate, 4-piperidone formate, 4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, 4-piperidone toluate, 4-piperidone sulfate, 4-piperidone nitrate, 4-piperidone perchlorate, 4-piperidone benzoate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrofluoride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrobromide, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydroiodide, N-methyl-4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, N-methyl-4-piperidone acetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone triflate, N-methyl-4-piperidone methanesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone formate, N-methyl-4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone toluate, N-methyl-4-piperidone sulfate, N-methyl-4-piperidone nitrate, N-methyl-4-piperidone perchlorate and N-methyl-4-piperidone benzoate. The aromatic monomer comprises biphenyl, para-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, para-quaterphenyl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene, or benzene. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is preferably 1-butyl-2-mesityl-4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole. The piperidinium polymer comprises a reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl ketone monomer preferably 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone or 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone. The alkylating agent comprises methyl iodide, iodoethane, 1-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 1-iodopentane, 1-iodohexane, methyl bromide, bromoethane, 1-bromopropane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromopentane, 1-bromohexane, methyl chloride, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 1-chlorohexane, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl fluorosulfonate, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, trimethyl phosphate or dimethyl sulfate. The polymerization catalyst comprises trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, heptafluoro-1-propanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropionic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid. The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, chloroform, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and/or dimethylacetamide.Preferred Composition: The sum of the mole fractions of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) and (4A) in the polymer is equal to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) in the polymer. The ratio of the mole fraction of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) in the polymer to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) is 0.01-1. Preferred Component: The porous substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ether) ketone, polyaryletherketone, poly(aryl piperidinium), poly(aryl piperidine), polysulfone, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer. The porous substrate has a porous microstructure of polymeric fibrils, and has thickness 1-100 microns. Preferred Properties: The hydroxide exchange polymer is insoluble in pure water and isopropanol at 100° C, and soluble in mixture of water and isopropanol at 100° C. The hydroxide exchange polymer has peak power density of 350 mW/cm2 or more, when the polymer is used as an hydroxide exchange membrane of an hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell and is loaded at 20% as an hydroxide exchange ionomer in cathodic and anodic catalyst layers of the fuel cell, and decrease in voltage over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less and an increase in resistance over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less. The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell. 10Fuel cell12,14Catalyst layer16Membrane electrolyte18,20Gas diffusion layers22InletUNIVERSITY OF DELAWAREUS2021-03-162021-06-18B01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
15
14IL244698A1ILIL244698ASystem for fuel cells, has first bi-polar plate that is located between anode of first fuel cell and cathode of second fuel cell and transfers excess water from vicinity of anode of first fuel cell to vicinity of second fuel cellThe system (400) has first bi-polar plate (430A) that is located between the anode of the first fuel cell (300A) and the cathode of the second fuel cell and configured to transfer excess water from the vicinity of the anode (310) of the first fuel cell to the vicinity of the cathode of the second fuel cell (300B), wherein a pressure profile across the first bi-polar plate drops from higher level near the anode of the first fuel cell to lower level near the cathode of the second fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for operating fuel cells system. System for fuel cells. The total amount of cooling water stream in the system may be kept substantially constant, due to the efficient passage of the excess water in the bi-polar plate and due to the consumption of the transferred water by the reaction taking place in the cathode. By using bipolar plate may allow operating alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell at relatively high currents, allowing an effective anode-to-cathode water transport rate, higher than the possible water transport rate through cell membrane alone. The drawing shows the system for fuel cells. 300AFirst fuel cell300BSecond fuel cell310Anode400System430AFirst bi-polar plateELBIT SYSTEMS LTD2016-03-212017-10-31Celda de Combustible Alcalina
16
15IL260880BILIL260880AIL260880ADirect ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cellThe direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for operating direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell. Direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell.POCELL TECH LTD2018-07-302019-11-28Celda de Combustible Alcalina
17
16IL273687AILUS62565076P | US62568755P | WO2018US53651AIL273687APolymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer, comprises reaction product of mixture comprising piperidone monomer or azoniaspiro salt monomer, aromatic monomer and optionally trifluoromethyl ketone monomerA polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer (I) or an azoniaspiro salt monomer (II), an aromatic monomer (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer (IV). A polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer of formula (I) or its salt or hydrate or an azoniaspiro salt monomer of formula (II), an aromatic monomer of formula (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer of formula (IV).R=1 -R=11 , R=13 -R=17H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo), and R3 and R6 are optionally linked to form a five membered ring optionally substituted with halo or alkyl;R=12alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro), or group of formula (i);m=1-8;n=0-3;andX=-anion.INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:polymer (A1) comprising a reaction product of an alkylating agent and the polymer (A) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the piperidone monomer;polymer comprising a reaction product of a base and the polymer (A) or (A1) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the azoniaspiro salt monomer;piperidinium polymer (A2) comprising a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidine-functionalized polymer and a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound of formula (V) or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is optionally substituted pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, imidazoline, triazole, pyridine, triazine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, azepine, quinoline, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, azepane, isoxazole, isoxazoline, oxazole, oxazoline, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, oxazine, oxadiazine, isoxazolidine, morpholine, thiazole, isothiazole, oxathiazole, oxathiazine, or caprolactam;anion exchange polymer (A3) comprising a reaction product of a base and the piperidinium polymer (A2);anion exchange polymer comprising structural units of formulae (1A)-(3A) and optionally structural unit of formula (4A);hydroxide exchange polymer comprising poly(aryl piperidinium) backbone free of ether linkages, and having water uptake of 60% or less based on the dry weight of the polymer when immersed in pure water at 95° C, or having hydroxide conductivity in pure water at 95° C of 100 mS/cm or more. The polymer is stable to degradation when immersed in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 100° C for 2000 hours, and has tensile strength of 40 MPa or more at elongation at break of 100% or more, or tensile strength of 60 MPa or more at elongation at break of 150% or more;preparation of polymer, which involves reacting the piperidone monomer or its salt or hydrate, optional trifluoromethyl ketone monomer, and the aromatic monomer in the presence of an organic solvent and a polymerization catalyst to form a piperidine-functionalized intermediate polymer, alkylating in the presence of an organic solvent to form a piperidinium-functionalized intermediate polymer, and reacting with a base;manufacture of anion exchange polymer membrane, which involves dissolving the polymer in a solvent to form a polymer solution, casting the polymer solution to form a polymer membrane, and exchanging anions of the polymer membrane with hydroxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate ions to form the anion exchange polymer membrane;anion exchange membrane fuel cell comprising the polymer; andreinforced electrolyte membrane comprising a porous substrate impregnated with the polymer.R=17 ,R=24alkylene;R=19 ,R=23alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl;q=0-6;X=-anion;Z=N or P;R=10 ,R=20 ,R=30 ,R=40 , R=50 ,R=60 ,R=70 ,R=80 ,R=90 ,R=110 ,R=120 ,R=130 ,R=140 ,R=150H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo);R=100alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl (all optionally substituted with fluoro) or group of formula (ii);m=1-8;andn=0-3. Polymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer used for forming anion exchange membrane and reinforced electrolyte membrane used in fuel cell (all claimed). Can also be used for electrolyzers (e.g. water/carbon dioxide/ammonia electrolyzer), electrodialyzer, ion-exchanger, solar hydrogen generator, desalinator for desalination of sea/brackish water, demineralization of water, ultra-pure water production, wastewater treatment, concentration of electrolyte solutions in food, drug, chemical, and biotechnology fields, super capacitors and sensor. The polymer has desired alkaline/chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties. Preferred Components: The base comprises hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate-containing base, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.Preferred Components: The azoniaspiro salt monomer is 3-oxo-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecane halide. The piperidone monomer is N-methyl-4-piperidone or 4-piperidone. The salt of the piperidone monomer comprises hydrochloride, hydrofluoride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, trifluoroacetate, acetate, triflate, methanesulfonate, sulfate, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, formate, benzenesulfonate, toluate, perchlorate, or benzoate, preferably 4-piperidone hydrofluoride, 4-piperidone hydrochloride, 4-piperidone hydrobromide, 4-piperidone hydroiodide, 4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, 4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, 4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, 4-piperidone acetate, 4-piperidone triflate, 4-piperidone methanesulfonate, 4-piperidone formate, 4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, 4-piperidone toluate, 4-piperidone sulfate, 4-piperidone nitrate, 4-piperidone perchlorate, 4-piperidone benzoate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrofluoride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrobromide, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydroiodide, N-methyl-4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, N-methyl-4-piperidone acetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone triflate, N-methyl-4-piperidone methanesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone formate, N-methyl-4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone toluate, N-methyl-4-piperidone sulfate, N-methyl-4-piperidone nitrate, N-methyl-4-piperidone perchlorate and N-methyl-4-piperidone benzoate. The aromatic monomer comprises biphenyl, para-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, para-quaterphenyl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene, or benzene. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is preferably 1-butyl-2-mesityl-4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole. The piperidinium polymer comprises a reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl ketone monomer preferably 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone or 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone. The alkylating agent comprises methyl iodide, iodoethane, 1-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 1-iodopentane, 1-iodohexane, methyl bromide, bromoethane, 1-bromopropane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromopentane, 1-bromohexane, methyl chloride, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 1-chlorohexane, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl fluorosulfonate, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, trimethyl phosphate or dimethyl sulfate. The polymerization catalyst comprises trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, heptafluoro-1-propanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropionic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid. The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, chloroform, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and/or dimethylacetamide.Preferred Composition: The sum of the mole fractions of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) and (4A) in the polymer is equal to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) in the polymer. The ratio of the mole fraction of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) in the polymer to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) is 0.01-1. Preferred Component: The porous substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ether) ketone, polyaryletherketone, poly(aryl piperidinium), poly(aryl piperidine), polysulfone, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer. The porous substrate has a porous microstructure of polymeric fibrils, and has thickness 1-100 microns. Preferred Properties: The hydroxide exchange polymer is insoluble in pure water and isopropanol at 100° C, and soluble in mixture of water and isopropanol at 100° C. The hydroxide exchange polymer has peak power density of 350 mW/cm2 or more, when the polymer is used as an hydroxide exchange membrane of an hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell and is loaded at 20% as an hydroxide exchange ionomer in cathodic and anodic catalyst layers of the fuel cell, and decrease in voltage over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less and an increase in resistance over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less. The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell. 10Fuel cell12,14Catalyst layer16Membrane electrolyte18,20Gas diffusion layers22InletUNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE2020-03-292020-05-31Celda de Combustible Alcalina
18
17IN201200254P3INUS2009236282PIN2012MN254AAlkaline fuel cell includes alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyteAn alkaline fuel cell comprises an air cathode coupled with a two-trap air filter assembly. The air filter assembly includes a series of a first thermally regenerative chemical carbon dioxide trap arranged in tandem with a second strongly-bonding carbon dioxide chemical trap. The traps (12a-b, 14) are disposed upstream from an inlet (32) to the air cathode, and can reduce levels of carbon dioxide in an air stream. The alkaline fuel cell includes an alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyte. An alkaline fuel cell. The alkaline fuel cell has reduced levels of CO 2 in air streams supplied to the fuel cell cathode. Preferred Component: The first trap is configured for thermal regeneration by passing a rejuvenating air stream through the first trap, where the rejuvenating air stream includes the cathode exhaust air supplied to the first trap with(out) additional heating. The second trap includes an active material including soda lime, lithium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide. The second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10. The first trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream by a factor of 10, and the second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10, where the level of CO 2 in the air stream supplied to the cathode air inlet is under 5 ppm, preferably ≤ 1 ppm.Preferred Component: The first trap includes a resin with amine functional groups which serve as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) trapping sites via a reaction of the amine with CO 2 and water vapor to form bicarbonate by reacting R-NH 2 , CO 2 and water to produce R-NH 3+ (HCO 3- ). The first CO 2 trap includes, as active material, a resin with amine functional groups which serve as CO 2 trapping sites via a reaction with CO 2 under dry air conditions to form carbamate by reacting 2(R-NH 2 ) and CO 2 to produce (R-NHCOO - )(R-NH 3+ ).R=carbonaceous polymer backbone. The drawing is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide filtration system for alkaline fuel cell.12a-b, 14Traps16Air pump30Air inlet32Air cathode inlet100Carbon dioxide systemCELLERA INC2012-02-012012-08-24H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
19
18IN201207597P1INUS2010309542PIN2012DN7597AAmmonia-based hydrogen generation reactor for generation of hydrogen in power generation device, has outer jacket annulus for recovery of heat from combustion products exiting combustion chamberThe reactor (110) has an ammonia cracking chamber (1) with an ammonia cracking catalyst, and an inner combustion chamber (2) with a combustion or oxidation catalyst in thermal contact with the ammonia cracking chamber. An outer jacket annulus (6) is provided for recovery of heat from the combustion products exiting the combustion chamber, where the cracking chamber, the inner combustion chamber, a preheating chamber (3), and the heat recovery jacket annulus are arranged concentrically such that the cracking chamber forms the innermost chamber. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:a system for generating hydrogen, comprising a storage unita power generation device comprising an alkaline fuel cella method for operating a system for generating hydrogen. Ammonia-based hydrogen generation reactor for generation of hydrogen by cracking ammonia stored in a solid storage material i.e. metal ammine salt, for power generation in a power generation device (claimed). The reactor enables energy efficient generation of hydrogen for power generation in a power generation device. The drawing shows a schematic view of a hydrogen generation reactor with inlets and outlets to the reactor.1Ammonia cracking chamber2Inner combustion chamber3Preheating chamber6Outer jacket annulus110Ammonia-based hydrogen generation reactorFAURECIA S. A.2012-08-232014-06-27H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
20
19IN202047013721AINUS62565076P | US62568755PIN202047013721APolymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer, comprises reaction product of mixture comprising piperidone monomer or azoniaspiro salt monomer, aromatic monomer and optionally trifluoromethyl ketone monomerA polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer (I) or an azoniaspiro salt monomer (II), an aromatic monomer (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer (IV). A polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer of formula (I) or its salt or hydrate or an azoniaspiro salt monomer of formula (II), an aromatic monomer of formula (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer of formula (IV).R=1 -R=11 , R=13 -R=17H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo), and R3 and R6 are optionally linked to form a five membered ring optionally substituted with halo or alkyl;R=12alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro), or group of formula (i);m=1-8;n=0-3;andX=-anion.INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:polymer (A1) comprising a reaction product of an alkylating agent and the polymer (A) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the piperidone monomer;polymer comprising a reaction product of a base and the polymer (A) or (A1) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the azoniaspiro salt monomer;piperidinium polymer (A2) comprising a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidine-functionalized polymer and a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound of formula (V) or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is optionally substituted pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, imidazoline, triazole, pyridine, triazine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, azepine, quinoline, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, azepane, isoxazole, isoxazoline, oxazole, oxazoline, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, oxazine, oxadiazine, isoxazolidine, morpholine, thiazole, isothiazole, oxathiazole, oxathiazine, or caprolactam;anion exchange polymer (A3) comprising a reaction product of a base and the piperidinium polymer (A2);anion exchange polymer comprising structural units of formulae (1A)-(3A) and optionally structural unit of formula (4A);hydroxide exchange polymer comprising poly(aryl piperidinium) backbone free of ether linkages, and having water uptake of 60% or less based on the dry weight of the polymer when immersed in pure water at 95° C, or having hydroxide conductivity in pure water at 95° C of 100 mS/cm or more. The polymer is stable to degradation when immersed in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 100° C for 2000 hours, and has tensile strength of 40 MPa or more at elongation at break of 100% or more, or tensile strength of 60 MPa or more at elongation at break of 150% or more;preparation of polymer, which involves reacting the piperidone monomer or its salt or hydrate, optional trifluoromethyl ketone monomer, and the aromatic monomer in the presence of an organic solvent and a polymerization catalyst to form a piperidine-functionalized intermediate polymer, alkylating in the presence of an organic solvent to form a piperidinium-functionalized intermediate polymer, and reacting with a base;manufacture of anion exchange polymer membrane, which involves dissolving the polymer in a solvent to form a polymer solution, casting the polymer solution to form a polymer membrane, and exchanging anions of the polymer membrane with hydroxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate ions to form the anion exchange polymer membrane;anion exchange membrane fuel cell comprising the polymer; andreinforced electrolyte membrane comprising a porous substrate impregnated with the polymer.R=17 ,R=24alkylene;R=19 ,R=23alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl;q=0-6;X=-anion;Z=N or P;R=10 ,R=20 ,R=30 ,R=40 , R=50 ,R=60 ,R=70 ,R=80 ,R=90 ,R=110 ,R=120 ,R=130 ,R=140 ,R=150H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo);R=100alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl (all optionally substituted with fluoro) or group of formula (ii);m=1-8;andn=0-3. Polymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer used for forming anion exchange membrane and reinforced electrolyte membrane used in fuel cell (all claimed). Can also be used for electrolyzers (e.g. water/carbon dioxide/ammonia electrolyzer), electrodialyzer, ion-exchanger, solar hydrogen generator, desalinator for desalination of sea/brackish water, demineralization of water, ultra-pure water production, wastewater treatment, concentration of electrolyte solutions in food, drug, chemical, and biotechnology fields, super capacitors and sensor. The polymer has desired alkaline/chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties. Preferred Components: The base comprises hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate-containing base, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.Preferred Components: The azoniaspiro salt monomer is 3-oxo-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecane halide. The piperidone monomer is N-methyl-4-piperidone or 4-piperidone. The salt of the piperidone monomer comprises hydrochloride, hydrofluoride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, trifluoroacetate, acetate, triflate, methanesulfonate, sulfate, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, formate, benzenesulfonate, toluate, perchlorate, or benzoate, preferably 4-piperidone hydrofluoride, 4-piperidone hydrochloride, 4-piperidone hydrobromide, 4-piperidone hydroiodide, 4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, 4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, 4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, 4-piperidone acetate, 4-piperidone triflate, 4-piperidone methanesulfonate, 4-piperidone formate, 4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, 4-piperidone toluate, 4-piperidone sulfate, 4-piperidone nitrate, 4-piperidone perchlorate, 4-piperidone benzoate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrofluoride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrobromide, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydroiodide, N-methyl-4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, N-methyl-4-piperidone acetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone triflate, N-methyl-4-piperidone methanesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone formate, N-methyl-4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone toluate, N-methyl-4-piperidone sulfate, N-methyl-4-piperidone nitrate, N-methyl-4-piperidone perchlorate and N-methyl-4-piperidone benzoate. The aromatic monomer comprises biphenyl, para-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, para-quaterphenyl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene, or benzene. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is preferably 1-butyl-2-mesityl-4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole. The piperidinium polymer comprises a reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl ketone monomer preferably 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone or 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone. The alkylating agent comprises methyl iodide, iodoethane, 1-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 1-iodopentane, 1-iodohexane, methyl bromide, bromoethane, 1-bromopropane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromopentane, 1-bromohexane, methyl chloride, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 1-chlorohexane, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl fluorosulfonate, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, trimethyl phosphate or dimethyl sulfate. The polymerization catalyst comprises trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, heptafluoro-1-propanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropionic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid. The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, chloroform, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and/or dimethylacetamide.Preferred Composition: The sum of the mole fractions of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) and (4A) in the polymer is equal to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) in the polymer. The ratio of the mole fraction of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) in the polymer to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) is 0.01-1. Preferred Component: The porous substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ether) ketone, polyaryletherketone, poly(aryl piperidinium), poly(aryl piperidine), polysulfone, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer. The porous substrate has a porous microstructure of polymeric fibrils, and has thickness 1-100 microns. Preferred Properties: The hydroxide exchange polymer is insoluble in pure water and isopropanol at 100° C, and soluble in mixture of water and isopropanol at 100° C. The hydroxide exchange polymer has peak power density of 350 mW/cm2 or more, when the polymer is used as an hydroxide exchange membrane of an hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell and is loaded at 20% as an hydroxide exchange ionomer in cathodic and anodic catalyst layers of the fuel cell, and decrease in voltage over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less and an increase in resistance over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less. The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell. 10Fuel cell12,14Catalyst layer16Membrane electrolyte18,20Gas diffusion layers22InletUNIVERSITY OF DELAWAREUS 2020-03-282020-05-15B01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
21
20JP05806669B2JPUS2009236282P | WO2010US46562AJP2012526932AAlkaline fuel cell includes alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyteAn alkaline fuel cell comprises an air cathode coupled with a two-trap air filter assembly. The air filter assembly includes a series of a first thermally regenerative chemical carbon dioxide trap arranged in tandem with a second strongly-bonding carbon dioxide chemical trap. The traps (12a-b, 14) are disposed upstream from an inlet (32) to the air cathode, and can reduce levels of carbon dioxide in an air stream. The alkaline fuel cell includes an alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyte. An alkaline fuel cell. The alkaline fuel cell has reduced levels of CO 2 in air streams supplied to the fuel cell cathode. Preferred Component: The first trap is configured for thermal regeneration by passing a rejuvenating air stream through the first trap, where the rejuvenating air stream includes the cathode exhaust air supplied to the first trap with(out) additional heating. The second trap includes an active material including soda lime, lithium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide. The second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10. The first trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream by a factor of 10, and the second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10, where the level of CO 2 in the air stream supplied to the cathode air inlet is under 5 ppm, preferably ≤ 1 ppm.Preferred Component: The first trap includes a resin with amine functional groups which serve as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) trapping sites via a reaction of the amine with CO 2 and water vapor to form bicarbonate by reacting R-NH 2 , CO 2 and water to produce R-NH 3+ (HCO 3- ). The first CO 2 trap includes, as active material, a resin with amine functional groups which serve as CO 2 trapping sites via a reaction with CO 2 under dry air conditions to form carbamate by reacting 2(R-NH 2 ) and CO 2 to produce (R-NHCOO - )(R-NH 3+ ).R=carbonaceous polymer backbone. The drawing is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide filtration system for alkaline fuel cell.12a-b, 14Traps16Air pump30Air inlet32Air cathode inlet100Carbon dioxide systemCELLERA INCJP2010-08-242015-11-10H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
22
21JP05940129B2JPUS2009236282PJP2014223982AAlkaline fuel cell includes alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyteAn alkaline fuel cell comprises an air cathode coupled with a two-trap air filter assembly. The air filter assembly includes a series of a first thermally regenerative chemical carbon dioxide trap arranged in tandem with a second strongly-bonding carbon dioxide chemical trap. The traps (12a-b, 14) are disposed upstream from an inlet (32) to the air cathode, and can reduce levels of carbon dioxide in an air stream. The alkaline fuel cell includes an alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyte. An alkaline fuel cell. The alkaline fuel cell has reduced levels of CO 2 in air streams supplied to the fuel cell cathode. Preferred Component: The first trap is configured for thermal regeneration by passing a rejuvenating air stream through the first trap, where the rejuvenating air stream includes the cathode exhaust air supplied to the first trap with(out) additional heating. The second trap includes an active material including soda lime, lithium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide. The second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10. The first trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream by a factor of 10, and the second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10, where the level of CO 2 in the air stream supplied to the cathode air inlet is under 5 ppm, preferably ≤ 1 ppm.Preferred Component: The first trap includes a resin with amine functional groups which serve as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) trapping sites via a reaction of the amine with CO 2 and water vapor to form bicarbonate by reacting R-NH 2 , CO 2 and water to produce R-NH 3+ (HCO 3- ). The first CO 2 trap includes, as active material, a resin with amine functional groups which serve as CO 2 trapping sites via a reaction with CO 2 under dry air conditions to form carbamate by reacting 2(R-NH 2 ) and CO 2 to produce (R-NHCOO - )(R-NH 3+ ).R=carbonaceous polymer backbone. The drawing is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide filtration system for alkaline fuel cell.12a-b, 14Traps16Air pump30Air inlet32Air cathode inlet100Carbon dioxide systemCELLERA INC2014-11-042016-06-29H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
23
22JP2013136838AJPUS2005678725PJP2012279062AElectrode for oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in e.g. electrolytic cell for hydrogen production comprises multi-metallic electro-catalyst having noble metal and a metal that is active to ammonia oxidation deposited on supportAn electrode comprises a support, and a multi-metallic electro-catalyst including a noble metal and at least one metal that is active to ammonia oxidation co-deposited on the support. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:an electrolytic cell for production of hydrogen comprising the electrode, an alkaline electrolyte solution and ammonia;an ammonia fuel cell comprising the electrode as anode, cathode, ammonia and alkaline electrolyte;a sensor for measuring concentration of ammonia present in solution comprising the electrode; anda method for removing ammonia contaminants from contaminated effluents involving sending the effluents to ammonia electrolytic cell having the electrode and applying current sufficient to oxidize ammonia in effluent. For oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in electrolytic cell for hydrogen production; ammonia fuel cell; ammonia electrochemical sensors; and purification processes for ammonia-contaminated effluents. The electro-catalyst makes electrodes more reversible and improves the kinetic toward ammonia oxidation. The electro-catalyst requires much lower loading than for other electro-catalyst, which results in lower cost in producing the electro-catalyst. The electrode minimizes hydrogen storage problem, exhibits fuel flexibility and zero hazardous environmental emission. The support is selected from platinum mesh, platinum foil, platinum sponge, gold mesh, metal foil, tantalum mesh, tantalum foil or iridium sponge. The support is Raney metal treated support comprising a layer of Raney metal deposited on the support. The Raney metal is selected from Raney nickel, Raney cobalt, and/or Raney titanium (preferably Raney nickel). The metals that are active to ammonia oxidation are selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, palladium, gold, silver, nickel, iron and platinum. When the noble metal is platinum, the metal that are active to ammonia oxidation is selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, silver, nickel, and iron.The alkaline electrolyte is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.OHIO UNIVERSITY2012-12-212013-07-11C25Celda de Combustible Alcalina
24
23JP2020536165AJPUS62565076P | US62568755P | WO2018US53651AJP2020540246APolymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer, comprises reaction product of mixture comprising piperidone monomer or azoniaspiro salt monomer, aromatic monomer and optionally trifluoromethyl ketone monomerA polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer (I) or an azoniaspiro salt monomer (II), an aromatic monomer (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer (IV). A polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer of formula (I) or its salt or hydrate or an azoniaspiro salt monomer of formula (II), an aromatic monomer of formula (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer of formula (IV).R=1 -R=11 , R=13 -R=17H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo), and R3 and R6 are optionally linked to form a five membered ring optionally substituted with halo or alkyl;R=12alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro), or group of formula (i);m=1-8;n=0-3;andX=-anion.INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:polymer (A1) comprising a reaction product of an alkylating agent and the polymer (A) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the piperidone monomer;polymer comprising a reaction product of a base and the polymer (A) or (A1) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the azoniaspiro salt monomer;piperidinium polymer (A2) comprising a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidine-functionalized polymer and a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound of formula (V) or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is optionally substituted pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, imidazoline, triazole, pyridine, triazine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, azepine, quinoline, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, azepane, isoxazole, isoxazoline, oxazole, oxazoline, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, oxazine, oxadiazine, isoxazolidine, morpholine, thiazole, isothiazole, oxathiazole, oxathiazine, or caprolactam;anion exchange polymer (A3) comprising a reaction product of a base and the piperidinium polymer (A2);anion exchange polymer comprising structural units of formulae (1A)-(3A) and optionally structural unit of formula (4A);hydroxide exchange polymer comprising poly(aryl piperidinium) backbone free of ether linkages, and having water uptake of 60% or less based on the dry weight of the polymer when immersed in pure water at 95° C, or having hydroxide conductivity in pure water at 95° C of 100 mS/cm or more. The polymer is stable to degradation when immersed in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 100° C for 2000 hours, and has tensile strength of 40 MPa or more at elongation at break of 100% or more, or tensile strength of 60 MPa or more at elongation at break of 150% or more;preparation of polymer, which involves reacting the piperidone monomer or its salt or hydrate, optional trifluoromethyl ketone monomer, and the aromatic monomer in the presence of an organic solvent and a polymerization catalyst to form a piperidine-functionalized intermediate polymer, alkylating in the presence of an organic solvent to form a piperidinium-functionalized intermediate polymer, and reacting with a base;manufacture of anion exchange polymer membrane, which involves dissolving the polymer in a solvent to form a polymer solution, casting the polymer solution to form a polymer membrane, and exchanging anions of the polymer membrane with hydroxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate ions to form the anion exchange polymer membrane;anion exchange membrane fuel cell comprising the polymer; andreinforced electrolyte membrane comprising a porous substrate impregnated with the polymer.R=17 ,R=24alkylene;R=19 ,R=23alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl;q=0-6;X=-anion;Z=N or P;R=10 ,R=20 ,R=30 ,R=40 , R=50 ,R=60 ,R=70 ,R=80 ,R=90 ,R=110 ,R=120 ,R=130 ,R=140 ,R=150H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo);R=100alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl (all optionally substituted with fluoro) or group of formula (ii);m=1-8;andn=0-3. Polymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer used for forming anion exchange membrane and reinforced electrolyte membrane used in fuel cell (all claimed). Can also be used for electrolyzers (e.g. water/carbon dioxide/ammonia electrolyzer), electrodialyzer, ion-exchanger, solar hydrogen generator, desalinator for desalination of sea/brackish water, demineralization of water, ultra-pure water production, wastewater treatment, concentration of electrolyte solutions in food, drug, chemical, and biotechnology fields, super capacitors and sensor. The polymer has desired alkaline/chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties. Preferred Components: The base comprises hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate-containing base, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.Preferred Components: The azoniaspiro salt monomer is 3-oxo-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecane halide. The piperidone monomer is N-methyl-4-piperidone or 4-piperidone. The salt of the piperidone monomer comprises hydrochloride, hydrofluoride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, trifluoroacetate, acetate, triflate, methanesulfonate, sulfate, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, formate, benzenesulfonate, toluate, perchlorate, or benzoate, preferably 4-piperidone hydrofluoride, 4-piperidone hydrochloride, 4-piperidone hydrobromide, 4-piperidone hydroiodide, 4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, 4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, 4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, 4-piperidone acetate, 4-piperidone triflate, 4-piperidone methanesulfonate, 4-piperidone formate, 4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, 4-piperidone toluate, 4-piperidone sulfate, 4-piperidone nitrate, 4-piperidone perchlorate, 4-piperidone benzoate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrofluoride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrobromide, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydroiodide, N-methyl-4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, N-methyl-4-piperidone acetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone triflate, N-methyl-4-piperidone methanesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone formate, N-methyl-4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone toluate, N-methyl-4-piperidone sulfate, N-methyl-4-piperidone nitrate, N-methyl-4-piperidone perchlorate and N-methyl-4-piperidone benzoate. The aromatic monomer comprises biphenyl, para-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, para-quaterphenyl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene, or benzene. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is preferably 1-butyl-2-mesityl-4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole. The piperidinium polymer comprises a reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl ketone monomer preferably 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone or 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone. The alkylating agent comprises methyl iodide, iodoethane, 1-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 1-iodopentane, 1-iodohexane, methyl bromide, bromoethane, 1-bromopropane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromopentane, 1-bromohexane, methyl chloride, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 1-chlorohexane, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl fluorosulfonate, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, trimethyl phosphate or dimethyl sulfate. The polymerization catalyst comprises trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, heptafluoro-1-propanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropionic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid. The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, chloroform, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and/or dimethylacetamide.Preferred Composition: The sum of the mole fractions of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) and (4A) in the polymer is equal to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) in the polymer. The ratio of the mole fraction of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) in the polymer to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) is 0.01-1. Preferred Component: The porous substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ether) ketone, polyaryletherketone, poly(aryl piperidinium), poly(aryl piperidine), polysulfone, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer. The porous substrate has a porous microstructure of polymeric fibrils, and has thickness 1-100 microns. Preferred Properties: The hydroxide exchange polymer is insoluble in pure water and isopropanol at 100° C, and soluble in mixture of water and isopropanol at 100° C. The hydroxide exchange polymer has peak power density of 350 mW/cm2 or more, when the polymer is used as an hydroxide exchange membrane of an hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell and is loaded at 20% as an hydroxide exchange ionomer in cathodic and anodic catalyst layers of the fuel cell, and decrease in voltage over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less and an increase in resistance over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less. The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell. 10Fuel cell12,14Catalyst layer16Membrane electrolyte18,20Gas diffusion layers22InletXU B | WANG L | HU K | WANG J | YAN Y | ZHAO Y2018-09-282020-12-10C08, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
25
24KR1785303B1KRKR2016122328AKR2016122328ANew dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer e.g. poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)hydroxide for electrolyte membrane, comprises dibenzylated benzimidazolium with benzyl groups are bonded to nitrogen atoms of benzimidazole ringA dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer comprising dibenzylated benzimidazolium in which substituted or unsubstituted benzyl groups are bonded to each of the two nitrogen atoms of benzimidazole ring of polybenzimidazole-based polymer, is new. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrolyte membrane, which comprises poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)hydroxide. New dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer e.g. poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)halide and poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)hydroxide for electrolyte membrane used for solid alkali exchange membrane fuel cell (all claimed). The dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer has excellent alkali resistance and ion conductivity, and benzimidazole ring does not decomposed by attack of hydroxide ions. preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer is preferably poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)halide of formula (I) in which halide chosen from iodine and bromine is bonded to dibenzylated benzimidazolium, or poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)hydroxide of formula (II) in which hydroxide is bonded to dibenzylated benzimidazolium.Ar'=group of formula (i) or (ii);X=I or Br;R=H, alkyl chosen from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and tert-butyl, NO2, NH3, OH or SO3H;andn=number of repeating units.KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYKR2016-09-232017-10-17C08, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
26
25KR2010406B1KRKR2017111687AKR2017111687ANickel-molybdenum catalyst for hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline fuel cell and anion exchange membrane and membrane electrode assembly of fuel cell, comprises nanoparticles of nickel-molybdenum alloyA catalyst comprises nanoparticles of nickel-molybdenum alloy in the mol ratio of 4:1-7:1. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:manufacture of the catalyst; andmembrane electrode assembly. Nickel-molybdenum catalyst for hydrogen oxidation reaction in alkaline fuel cell and anion exchange membrane and membrane electrode assembly of fuel cell (all claimed). The catalyst has excellent durability and hydrogen oxidation activity in alkali conditions and is manufactured without using expensive precious metals. Preferred Properties: The catalyst has hydrogen oxidation electric current density of 1.05-1.2 mA/cm2 . The nanoparticles have face-centered cubic structure. Preferred Composition: Nickel nitrate.hexahydrate or nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3 )2 ) is used in nickel source in the manufacturing process. Sodium molybdate, sodium molybdate dihydrate and/or ammonium molybdate, aqueous solution of ligand formation material e.g. ammonia solution are used in the manufacturing process.Preferred Component: Diethylene glycol and/or ethylene glycol is used as solvent in the process.KOREA ADVANCED INSTITUTE FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY | KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYKR 2017-09-012019-08-14H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
27
26KR2015122535AKRKR201448926AKR201448926ANew dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer e.g. poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)hydroxide for electrolyte membrane, comprises dibenzylated benzimidazolium with benzyl groups are bonded to nitrogen atoms of benzimidazole ringA dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer comprising dibenzylated benzimidazolium in which substituted or unsubstituted benzyl groups are bonded to each of the two nitrogen atoms of benzimidazole ring of polybenzimidazole-based polymer, is new. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrolyte membrane, which comprises poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)hydroxide. New dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer e.g. poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)halide and poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)hydroxide for electrolyte membrane used for solid alkali exchange membrane fuel cell (all claimed). The dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer has excellent alkali resistance and ion conductivity, and benzimidazole ring does not decomposed by attack of hydroxide ions. preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer is preferably poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)halide of formula (I) in which halide chosen from iodine and bromine is bonded to dibenzylated benzimidazolium, or poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)hydroxide of formula (II) in which hydroxide is bonded to dibenzylated benzimidazolium.Ar'=group of formula (i) or (ii);X=I or Br;R=H, alkyl chosen from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and tert-butyl, NO2, NH3, OH or SO3H;andn=number of repeating units.KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYKR2014-04-232015-11-02C08, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
28
27KR2020120603AKRUS62565076P | US62568755P | WO2018US53651AKR20207012189APolymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer, comprises reaction product of mixture comprising piperidone monomer or azoniaspiro salt monomer, aromatic monomer and optionally trifluoromethyl ketone monomerA polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer (I) or an azoniaspiro salt monomer (II), an aromatic monomer (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer (IV). A polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer of formula (I) or its salt or hydrate or an azoniaspiro salt monomer of formula (II), an aromatic monomer of formula (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer of formula (IV).R=1 -R=11 , R=13 -R=17H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo), and R3 and R6 are optionally linked to form a five membered ring optionally substituted with halo or alkyl;R=12alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro), or group of formula (i);m=1-8;n=0-3;andX=-anion.INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:polymer (A1) comprising a reaction product of an alkylating agent and the polymer (A) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the piperidone monomer;polymer comprising a reaction product of a base and the polymer (A) or (A1) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the azoniaspiro salt monomer;piperidinium polymer (A2) comprising a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidine-functionalized polymer and a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound of formula (V) or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is optionally substituted pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, imidazoline, triazole, pyridine, triazine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, azepine, quinoline, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, azepane, isoxazole, isoxazoline, oxazole, oxazoline, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, oxazine, oxadiazine, isoxazolidine, morpholine, thiazole, isothiazole, oxathiazole, oxathiazine, or caprolactam;anion exchange polymer (A3) comprising a reaction product of a base and the piperidinium polymer (A2);anion exchange polymer comprising structural units of formulae (1A)-(3A) and optionally structural unit of formula (4A);hydroxide exchange polymer comprising poly(aryl piperidinium) backbone free of ether linkages, and having water uptake of 60% or less based on the dry weight of the polymer when immersed in pure water at 95° C, or having hydroxide conductivity in pure water at 95° C of 100 mS/cm or more. The polymer is stable to degradation when immersed in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 100° C for 2000 hours, and has tensile strength of 40 MPa or more at elongation at break of 100% or more, or tensile strength of 60 MPa or more at elongation at break of 150% or more;preparation of polymer, which involves reacting the piperidone monomer or its salt or hydrate, optional trifluoromethyl ketone monomer, and the aromatic monomer in the presence of an organic solvent and a polymerization catalyst to form a piperidine-functionalized intermediate polymer, alkylating in the presence of an organic solvent to form a piperidinium-functionalized intermediate polymer, and reacting with a base;manufacture of anion exchange polymer membrane, which involves dissolving the polymer in a solvent to form a polymer solution, casting the polymer solution to form a polymer membrane, and exchanging anions of the polymer membrane with hydroxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate ions to form the anion exchange polymer membrane;anion exchange membrane fuel cell comprising the polymer; andreinforced electrolyte membrane comprising a porous substrate impregnated with the polymer.R=17 ,R=24alkylene;R=19 ,R=23alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl;q=0-6;X=-anion;Z=N or P;R=10 ,R=20 ,R=30 ,R=40 , R=50 ,R=60 ,R=70 ,R=80 ,R=90 ,R=110 ,R=120 ,R=130 ,R=140 ,R=150H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo);R=100alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl (all optionally substituted with fluoro) or group of formula (ii);m=1-8;andn=0-3. Polymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer used for forming anion exchange membrane and reinforced electrolyte membrane used in fuel cell (all claimed). Can also be used for electrolyzers (e.g. water/carbon dioxide/ammonia electrolyzer), electrodialyzer, ion-exchanger, solar hydrogen generator, desalinator for desalination of sea/brackish water, demineralization of water, ultra-pure water production, wastewater treatment, concentration of electrolyte solutions in food, drug, chemical, and biotechnology fields, super capacitors and sensor. The polymer has desired alkaline/chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties. Preferred Components: The base comprises hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate-containing base, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.Preferred Components: The azoniaspiro salt monomer is 3-oxo-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecane halide. The piperidone monomer is N-methyl-4-piperidone or 4-piperidone. The salt of the piperidone monomer comprises hydrochloride, hydrofluoride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, trifluoroacetate, acetate, triflate, methanesulfonate, sulfate, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, formate, benzenesulfonate, toluate, perchlorate, or benzoate, preferably 4-piperidone hydrofluoride, 4-piperidone hydrochloride, 4-piperidone hydrobromide, 4-piperidone hydroiodide, 4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, 4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, 4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, 4-piperidone acetate, 4-piperidone triflate, 4-piperidone methanesulfonate, 4-piperidone formate, 4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, 4-piperidone toluate, 4-piperidone sulfate, 4-piperidone nitrate, 4-piperidone perchlorate, 4-piperidone benzoate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrofluoride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrobromide, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydroiodide, N-methyl-4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, N-methyl-4-piperidone acetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone triflate, N-methyl-4-piperidone methanesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone formate, N-methyl-4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone toluate, N-methyl-4-piperidone sulfate, N-methyl-4-piperidone nitrate, N-methyl-4-piperidone perchlorate and N-methyl-4-piperidone benzoate. The aromatic monomer comprises biphenyl, para-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, para-quaterphenyl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene, or benzene. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is preferably 1-butyl-2-mesityl-4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole. The piperidinium polymer comprises a reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl ketone monomer preferably 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone or 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone. The alkylating agent comprises methyl iodide, iodoethane, 1-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 1-iodopentane, 1-iodohexane, methyl bromide, bromoethane, 1-bromopropane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromopentane, 1-bromohexane, methyl chloride, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 1-chlorohexane, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl fluorosulfonate, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, trimethyl phosphate or dimethyl sulfate. The polymerization catalyst comprises trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, heptafluoro-1-propanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropionic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid. The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, chloroform, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and/or dimethylacetamide.Preferred Composition: The sum of the mole fractions of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) and (4A) in the polymer is equal to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) in the polymer. The ratio of the mole fraction of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) in the polymer to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) is 0.01-1. Preferred Component: The porous substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ether) ketone, polyaryletherketone, poly(aryl piperidinium), poly(aryl piperidine), polysulfone, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer. The porous substrate has a porous microstructure of polymeric fibrils, and has thickness 1-100 microns. Preferred Properties: The hydroxide exchange polymer is insoluble in pure water and isopropanol at 100° C, and soluble in mixture of water and isopropanol at 100° C. The hydroxide exchange polymer has peak power density of 350 mW/cm2 or more, when the polymer is used as an hydroxide exchange membrane of an hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell and is loaded at 20% as an hydroxide exchange ionomer in cathodic and anodic catalyst layers of the fuel cell, and decrease in voltage over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less and an increase in resistance over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less. The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell. 10Fuel cell12,14Catalyst layer16Membrane electrolyte18,20Gas diffusion layers22InletUNIVERSITY OF DELAWAREUS2018-09-282020-10-21C08, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
29
28KR2022155727AKRKR202163305AKR202163305AHydrogen production system comprises cathode unit including cathode and electrolyte, anode unit including anode, and bipolar membrane arranged between cathode part and anode part, where electrolyte is neutralHydrogen production system (100) comprises a cathode unit (110) including a cathode and a first electrolyte (112), an anode unit (120) including an anode and a second electrolyte, and a bipolar membrane arranged between the cathode part and the anode part, where the first electrolyte is neutral, the second electrolyte is alkaline and comprises ammonia, and hydrogen is generated in the cathode part. The cathode comprises a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an ammonia fuel cell. As hydrogen production system. The hydrogen production system has reduced power consumed for hydrogen production, and performs hydrogen gas and power generation together in a driving environment where cell potential is not consumed, resulting in high hydrogen production efficiency. Preferred Components: The hydrogen generation reaction catalyst is at least one chosen from metal foam, metal thin film, carbon paper, carbon fiber, carbon felt, carbon cloth, and/or platinum catalyst. The anode is one or more metals chosen from platinum, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel and/or copper. The alkali metal hydroxide is at least one chosen from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or lithium hydroxide. The drawing shows a schematic view of a hydrogen production system. 100Hydrogen production system110Cathode unit112First electrolyte120Anode unit121Anode122Second electrolyte130Bipolar membraneAR CO LTDKR2021-05-172022-11-24C25, C01, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
30
29KR2023052610AKRKR2021135865AKR2021135865AHydrogen production system comprises cathode unit including cathode and electrolyte, anode unit including anode, and bipolar membrane arranged between cathode part and anode part, where electrolyte is neutralHydrogen production system (100) comprises a cathode unit (110) including a cathode and a first electrolyte (112), an anode unit (120) including an anode and a second electrolyte, and a bipolar membrane arranged between the cathode part and the anode part, where the first electrolyte is neutral, the second electrolyte is alkaline and comprises ammonia, and hydrogen is generated in the cathode part. The cathode comprises a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an ammonia fuel cell. As hydrogen production system. The hydrogen production system has reduced power consumed for hydrogen production, and performs hydrogen gas and power generation together in a driving environment where cell potential is not consumed, resulting in high hydrogen production efficiency. Preferred Components: The hydrogen generation reaction catalyst is at least one chosen from metal foam, metal thin film, carbon paper, carbon fiber, carbon felt, carbon cloth, and/or platinum catalyst. The anode is one or more metals chosen from platinum, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel and/or copper. The alkali metal hydroxide is at least one chosen from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or lithium hydroxide. The drawing shows a schematic view of a hydrogen production system. 100Hydrogen production system110Cathode unit112First electrolyte120Anode unit121Anode122Second electrolyte130Bipolar membraneAR CO LTDKR2021-10-132023-04-20C25, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
31
30KR2023129730AKRKR202226684AKR202226684AHydrogen production system comprises cathode unit including cathode and electrolyte, anode unit including anode, and bipolar membrane arranged between cathode part and anode part, where electrolyte is neutralHydrogen production system (100) comprises a cathode unit (110) including a cathode and a first electrolyte (112), an anode unit (120) including an anode and a second electrolyte, and a bipolar membrane arranged between the cathode part and the anode part, where the first electrolyte is neutral, the second electrolyte is alkaline and comprises ammonia, and hydrogen is generated in the cathode part. The cathode comprises a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an ammonia fuel cell. As hydrogen production system. The hydrogen production system has reduced power consumed for hydrogen production, and performs hydrogen gas and power generation together in a driving environment where cell potential is not consumed, resulting in high hydrogen production efficiency. Preferred Components: The hydrogen generation reaction catalyst is at least one chosen from metal foam, metal thin film, carbon paper, carbon fiber, carbon felt, carbon cloth, and/or platinum catalyst. The anode is one or more metals chosen from platinum, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel and/or copper. The alkali metal hydroxide is at least one chosen from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or lithium hydroxide. The drawing shows a schematic view of a hydrogen production system. 100Hydrogen production system110Cathode unit112First electrolyte120Anode unit121Anode122Second electrolyte130Bipolar membraneAR CO LTDKR2022-03-022023-09-11H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
32
31KR2023131747AKRKR202228466AKR202254983AHydrogen production system comprises cathode unit including cathode and electrolyte, anode unit including anode, and bipolar membrane arranged between cathode part and anode part, where electrolyte is neutralHydrogen production system (100) comprises a cathode unit (110) including a cathode and a first electrolyte (112), an anode unit (120) including an anode and a second electrolyte, and a bipolar membrane arranged between the cathode part and the anode part, where the first electrolyte is neutral, the second electrolyte is alkaline and comprises ammonia, and hydrogen is generated in the cathode part. The cathode comprises a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an ammonia fuel cell. As hydrogen production system. The hydrogen production system has reduced power consumed for hydrogen production, and performs hydrogen gas and power generation together in a driving environment where cell potential is not consumed, resulting in high hydrogen production efficiency. Preferred Components: The hydrogen generation reaction catalyst is at least one chosen from metal foam, metal thin film, carbon paper, carbon fiber, carbon felt, carbon cloth, and/or platinum catalyst. The anode is one or more metals chosen from platinum, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel and/or copper. The alkali metal hydroxide is at least one chosen from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or lithium hydroxide. The drawing shows a schematic view of a hydrogen production system. 100Hydrogen production system110Cathode unit112First electrolyte120Anode unit121Anode122Second electrolyte130Bipolar membraneAAR CORPKR2022-05-032023-09-14C25Celda de Combustible Alcalina
33
32KR2345326B1KRKR202012643AKR202012643AManufacturing carbon-supported alloy nanoparticle catalyst e.g. oxygen reduction reaction, comprises e.g. stirring water-soluble support-deposited alloy nanoparticle-anhydrous polar solvent and heat-treating dried carbon-supported catalystManufacturing carbon-supported alloy nanoparticle catalyst, comprises (a) depositing nanoparticles of the alloy on a water-soluble support; (b) adding the water-soluble support-deposited alloy nanoparticles to an anhydrous polar solvent in which carbon is dispersed and stirring to obtain a dispersion containing an alloy nanoparticle catalyst supported on carbon; (c) washing and filtering the dispersion containing the alloy nanoparticle catalyst supported on carbon to obtain a solid phase of the alloy nanoparticle catalyst supported on carbon; (d) drying the solid phase of the alloy nanoparticle catalyst supported on carbon; and (e) heat-treating the alloy nanoparticle catalyst supported on dried carbon. The carbon-supported alloy nanoparticle catalyst is useful in oxygen reduction reaction (claimed), battery, polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), phosphate fuel cell (PAFC) and alkaline fuel cell (AEMFC), and water electrolysis catalyst for hydrogen generation reaction, and electrochemical catalyst, preferably carbon-dioxide reduction catalyst, artificial photosynthesis catalyst and an electrochemical synthesis catalyst, and fuel cell for mobile and home use including notebook computers, portable electronic devices, automobiles and buses. The method utilizes relatively small amount of chemicals, thus it is environmentally friendly and economical; has simple process; and maintains good electrode catalyst activity even during long-term operation or high-temperature operation. Preferred Method: The method further comprises vacuum drying the water-soluble support before step (a). The water-soluble support is a sugar powder comprising glucose, sucrose or fructose, preferably glucose; a water-soluble metal salt powder containing sodium chloride, potassium chloride or sodium hydrogen carbonate; and/or a water-soluble polymer powder containing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The alloy is at least three alloys of cobalt, platinum, gold, palladium, silver, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, ruthenium, nickel, iron, copper, manganese, vanadium, chromium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, zirconium, titanium, tantalum and/or osmium, preferably platinum-cobalt-vanadium alloy. The anhydrous polar solvent is anhydrous ethanol. The deposition step is performed through sputtering using argon as sputtering gas, with the pressure in the sputtering chamber of 5-15 mTorr and is carried out for 5-20 hours under the condition of sputtering intensity of 10-100 W. In the step (c), the washing and filtration are performed using water as a washing solution and a filtrate. The average size of the alloy nanoparticles is 1-10 nm. In the step (e), the heat treatment in carried out in gas atmosphere or vacuum atmosphere of argon, nitrogen, ammonia, hydrogen or helium, at 600-1000° C for 0.5-4 hours.KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYKR2020-02-032022-01-04H01, B01, C23, C25Celda de Combustible Alcalina
34
33US10916789B2USIL244698A | WO2017IL50356AUS16085648ASystem for fuel cells, has first bi-polar plate that is located between anode of first fuel cell and cathode of second fuel cell and transfers excess water from vicinity of anode of first fuel cell to vicinity of second fuel cellThe system (400) has first bi-polar plate (430A) that is located between the anode of the first fuel cell (300A) and the cathode of the second fuel cell and configured to transfer excess water from the vicinity of the anode (310) of the first fuel cell to the vicinity of the cathode of the second fuel cell (300B), wherein a pressure profile across the first bi-polar plate drops from higher level near the anode of the first fuel cell to lower level near the cathode of the second fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for operating fuel cells system. System for fuel cells. The total amount of cooling water stream in the system may be kept substantially constant, due to the efficient passage of the excess water in the bi-polar plate and due to the consumption of the transferred water by the reaction taking place in the cathode. By using bipolar plate may allow operating alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell at relatively high currents, allowing an effective anode-to-cathode water transport rate, higher than the possible water transport rate through cell membrane alone. The drawing shows the system for fuel cells. 300AFirst fuel cell300BSecond fuel cell310Anode400System430AFirst bi-polar plateHYDROLITE LTDIL2018-09-172021-02-09H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
35
34US11309568B2USIL260880A | WO2019IL50850AUS17263908ADirect ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cellThe direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for operating direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell. Direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell.HYDROLITE LTDIL2021-01-282022-04-19H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
36
35US11512156B2USUS62565076P | US62568755P | WO2018US53651AUS16651622APolymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer, comprises reaction product of mixture comprising piperidone monomer or azoniaspiro salt monomer, aromatic monomer and optionally trifluoromethyl ketone monomerA polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer (I) or an azoniaspiro salt monomer (II), an aromatic monomer (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer (IV). A polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer of formula (I) or its salt or hydrate or an azoniaspiro salt monomer of formula (II), an aromatic monomer of formula (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer of formula (IV).R=1 -R=11 , R=13 -R=17H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo), and R3 and R6 are optionally linked to form a five membered ring optionally substituted with halo or alkyl;R=12alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro), or group of formula (i);m=1-8;n=0-3;andX=-anion.INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:polymer (A1) comprising a reaction product of an alkylating agent and the polymer (A) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the piperidone monomer;polymer comprising a reaction product of a base and the polymer (A) or (A1) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the azoniaspiro salt monomer;piperidinium polymer (A2) comprising a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidine-functionalized polymer and a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound of formula (V) or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is optionally substituted pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, imidazoline, triazole, pyridine, triazine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, azepine, quinoline, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, azepane, isoxazole, isoxazoline, oxazole, oxazoline, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, oxazine, oxadiazine, isoxazolidine, morpholine, thiazole, isothiazole, oxathiazole, oxathiazine, or caprolactam;anion exchange polymer (A3) comprising a reaction product of a base and the piperidinium polymer (A2);anion exchange polymer comprising structural units of formulae (1A)-(3A) and optionally structural unit of formula (4A);hydroxide exchange polymer comprising poly(aryl piperidinium) backbone free of ether linkages, and having water uptake of 60% or less based on the dry weight of the polymer when immersed in pure water at 95° C, or having hydroxide conductivity in pure water at 95° C of 100 mS/cm or more. The polymer is stable to degradation when immersed in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 100° C for 2000 hours, and has tensile strength of 40 MPa or more at elongation at break of 100% or more, or tensile strength of 60 MPa or more at elongation at break of 150% or more;preparation of polymer, which involves reacting the piperidone monomer or its salt or hydrate, optional trifluoromethyl ketone monomer, and the aromatic monomer in the presence of an organic solvent and a polymerization catalyst to form a piperidine-functionalized intermediate polymer, alkylating in the presence of an organic solvent to form a piperidinium-functionalized intermediate polymer, and reacting with a base;manufacture of anion exchange polymer membrane, which involves dissolving the polymer in a solvent to form a polymer solution, casting the polymer solution to form a polymer membrane, and exchanging anions of the polymer membrane with hydroxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate ions to form the anion exchange polymer membrane;anion exchange membrane fuel cell comprising the polymer; andreinforced electrolyte membrane comprising a porous substrate impregnated with the polymer.R=17 ,R=24alkylene;R=19 ,R=23alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl;q=0-6;X=-anion;Z=N or P;R=10 ,R=20 ,R=30 ,R=40 , R=50 ,R=60 ,R=70 ,R=80 ,R=90 ,R=110 ,R=120 ,R=130 ,R=140 ,R=150H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo);R=100alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl (all optionally substituted with fluoro) or group of formula (ii);m=1-8;andn=0-3. Polymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer used for forming anion exchange membrane and reinforced electrolyte membrane used in fuel cell (all claimed). Can also be used for electrolyzers (e.g. water/carbon dioxide/ammonia electrolyzer), electrodialyzer, ion-exchanger, solar hydrogen generator, desalinator for desalination of sea/brackish water, demineralization of water, ultra-pure water production, wastewater treatment, concentration of electrolyte solutions in food, drug, chemical, and biotechnology fields, super capacitors and sensor. The polymer has desired alkaline/chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties. Preferred Components: The base comprises hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate-containing base, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.Preferred Components: The azoniaspiro salt monomer is 3-oxo-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecane halide. The piperidone monomer is N-methyl-4-piperidone or 4-piperidone. The salt of the piperidone monomer comprises hydrochloride, hydrofluoride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, trifluoroacetate, acetate, triflate, methanesulfonate, sulfate, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, formate, benzenesulfonate, toluate, perchlorate, or benzoate, preferably 4-piperidone hydrofluoride, 4-piperidone hydrochloride, 4-piperidone hydrobromide, 4-piperidone hydroiodide, 4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, 4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, 4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, 4-piperidone acetate, 4-piperidone triflate, 4-piperidone methanesulfonate, 4-piperidone formate, 4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, 4-piperidone toluate, 4-piperidone sulfate, 4-piperidone nitrate, 4-piperidone perchlorate, 4-piperidone benzoate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrofluoride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrobromide, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydroiodide, N-methyl-4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, N-methyl-4-piperidone acetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone triflate, N-methyl-4-piperidone methanesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone formate, N-methyl-4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone toluate, N-methyl-4-piperidone sulfate, N-methyl-4-piperidone nitrate, N-methyl-4-piperidone perchlorate and N-methyl-4-piperidone benzoate. The aromatic monomer comprises biphenyl, para-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, para-quaterphenyl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene, or benzene. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is preferably 1-butyl-2-mesityl-4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole. The piperidinium polymer comprises a reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl ketone monomer preferably 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone or 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone. The alkylating agent comprises methyl iodide, iodoethane, 1-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 1-iodopentane, 1-iodohexane, methyl bromide, bromoethane, 1-bromopropane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromopentane, 1-bromohexane, methyl chloride, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 1-chlorohexane, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl fluorosulfonate, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, trimethyl phosphate or dimethyl sulfate. The polymerization catalyst comprises trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, heptafluoro-1-propanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropionic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid. The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, chloroform, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and/or dimethylacetamide.Preferred Composition: The sum of the mole fractions of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) and (4A) in the polymer is equal to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) in the polymer. The ratio of the mole fraction of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) in the polymer to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) is 0.01-1. Preferred Component: The porous substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ether) ketone, polyaryletherketone, poly(aryl piperidinium), poly(aryl piperidine), polysulfone, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer. The porous substrate has a porous microstructure of polymeric fibrils, and has thickness 1-100 microns. Preferred Properties: The hydroxide exchange polymer is insoluble in pure water and isopropanol at 100° C, and soluble in mixture of water and isopropanol at 100° C. The hydroxide exchange polymer has peak power density of 350 mW/cm2 or more, when the polymer is used as an hydroxide exchange membrane of an hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell and is loaded at 20% as an hydroxide exchange ionomer in cathodic and anodic catalyst layers of the fuel cell, and decrease in voltage over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less and an increase in resistance over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less. The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell. 10Fuel cell12,14Catalyst layer16Membrane electrolyte18,20Gas diffusion layers22InletUNIVERSITY OF DELAWAREUS2020-03-272022-11-29C08, B01, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
37
36US7485211B2USUS2003510473PUS2004962894AElectrode for oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in e.g. electrolytic cell for hydrogen production comprises multi-metallic electro-catalyst having noble metal and a metal that is active to ammonia oxidation deposited on supportAn electrode comprises a support, and a multi-metallic electro-catalyst including a noble metal and at least one metal that is active to ammonia oxidation co-deposited on the support. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:an electrolytic cell for production of hydrogen comprising the electrode, an alkaline electrolyte solution and ammonia;an ammonia fuel cell comprising the electrode as anode, cathode, ammonia and alkaline electrolyte;a sensor for measuring concentration of ammonia present in solution comprising the electrode; anda method for removing ammonia contaminants from contaminated effluents involving sending the effluents to ammonia electrolytic cell having the electrode and applying current sufficient to oxidize ammonia in effluent. For oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in electrolytic cell for hydrogen production; ammonia fuel cell; ammonia electrochemical sensors; and purification processes for ammonia-contaminated effluents. The electro-catalyst makes electrodes more reversible and improves the kinetic toward ammonia oxidation. The electro-catalyst requires much lower loading than for other electro-catalyst, which results in lower cost in producing the electro-catalyst. The electrode minimizes hydrogen storage problem, exhibits fuel flexibility and zero hazardous environmental emission. The support is selected from platinum mesh, platinum foil, platinum sponge, gold mesh, metal foil, tantalum mesh, tantalum foil or iridium sponge. The support is Raney metal treated support comprising a layer of Raney metal deposited on the support. The Raney metal is selected from Raney nickel, Raney cobalt, and/or Raney titanium (preferably Raney nickel). The metals that are active to ammonia oxidation are selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, palladium, gold, silver, nickel, iron and platinum. When the noble metal is platinum, the metal that are active to ammonia oxidation is selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, silver, nickel, and iron.The alkaline electrolyte is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.OHIO UNIVERSITYUS2004-10-122009-02-03C25, G01, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
38
37US7803264B2USUS2003510473P | US2004962894AUS2008335581AElectrode for oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in e.g. electrolytic cell for hydrogen production comprises multi-metallic electro-catalyst having noble metal and a metal that is active to ammonia oxidation deposited on supportAn electrode comprises a support, and a multi-metallic electro-catalyst including a noble metal and at least one metal that is active to ammonia oxidation co-deposited on the support. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:an electrolytic cell for production of hydrogen comprising the electrode, an alkaline electrolyte solution and ammonia;an ammonia fuel cell comprising the electrode as anode, cathode, ammonia and alkaline electrolyte;a sensor for measuring concentration of ammonia present in solution comprising the electrode; anda method for removing ammonia contaminants from contaminated effluents involving sending the effluents to ammonia electrolytic cell having the electrode and applying current sufficient to oxidize ammonia in effluent. For oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in electrolytic cell for hydrogen production; ammonia fuel cell; ammonia electrochemical sensors; and purification processes for ammonia-contaminated effluents. The electro-catalyst makes electrodes more reversible and improves the kinetic toward ammonia oxidation. The electro-catalyst requires much lower loading than for other electro-catalyst, which results in lower cost in producing the electro-catalyst. The electrode minimizes hydrogen storage problem, exhibits fuel flexibility and zero hazardous environmental emission. The support is selected from platinum mesh, platinum foil, platinum sponge, gold mesh, metal foil, tantalum mesh, tantalum foil or iridium sponge. The support is Raney metal treated support comprising a layer of Raney metal deposited on the support. The Raney metal is selected from Raney nickel, Raney cobalt, and/or Raney titanium (preferably Raney nickel). The metals that are active to ammonia oxidation are selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, palladium, gold, silver, nickel, iron and platinum. When the noble metal is platinum, the metal that are active to ammonia oxidation is selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, silver, nickel, and iron.The alkaline electrolyte is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.OHIO UNIVERSITYUS2008-12-162010-09-28C25, G01, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
39
38US8216437B2USUS2003510473P | US2004962894A | WO2006US17641A | US2007916222P | US2007974766PUS2008114779AElectrode for oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in e.g. electrolytic cell for hydrogen production comprises multi-metallic electro-catalyst having noble metal and a metal that is active to ammonia oxidation deposited on supportAn electrode comprises a support, and a multi-metallic electro-catalyst including a noble metal and at least one metal that is active to ammonia oxidation co-deposited on the support. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:an electrolytic cell for production of hydrogen comprising the electrode, an alkaline electrolyte solution and ammonia;an ammonia fuel cell comprising the electrode as anode, cathode, ammonia and alkaline electrolyte;a sensor for measuring concentration of ammonia present in solution comprising the electrode; anda method for removing ammonia contaminants from contaminated effluents involving sending the effluents to ammonia electrolytic cell having the electrode and applying current sufficient to oxidize ammonia in effluent. For oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in electrolytic cell for hydrogen production; ammonia fuel cell; ammonia electrochemical sensors; and purification processes for ammonia-contaminated effluents. The electro-catalyst makes electrodes more reversible and improves the kinetic toward ammonia oxidation. The electro-catalyst requires much lower loading than for other electro-catalyst, which results in lower cost in producing the electro-catalyst. The electrode minimizes hydrogen storage problem, exhibits fuel flexibility and zero hazardous environmental emission. The support is selected from platinum mesh, platinum foil, platinum sponge, gold mesh, metal foil, tantalum mesh, tantalum foil or iridium sponge. The support is Raney metal treated support comprising a layer of Raney metal deposited on the support. The Raney metal is selected from Raney nickel, Raney cobalt, and/or Raney titanium (preferably Raney nickel). The metals that are active to ammonia oxidation are selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, palladium, gold, silver, nickel, iron and platinum. When the noble metal is platinum, the metal that are active to ammonia oxidation is selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, silver, nickel, and iron.The alkaline electrolyte is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.OHIO UNIVERSITYUS2008-05-042012-07-10C25Celda de Combustible Alcalina
40
39US8613842B2USUS2003510473P | US2004962894A | US2005678725P | WO2006US17641A | US2007916222P | US2007974766P | US2008114782AUS13544570AElectrode for oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in e.g. electrolytic cell for hydrogen production comprises multi-metallic electro-catalyst having noble metal and a metal that is active to ammonia oxidation deposited on supportAn electrode comprises a support, and a multi-metallic electro-catalyst including a noble metal and at least one metal that is active to ammonia oxidation co-deposited on the support. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:an electrolytic cell for production of hydrogen comprising the electrode, an alkaline electrolyte solution and ammonia;an ammonia fuel cell comprising the electrode as anode, cathode, ammonia and alkaline electrolyte;a sensor for measuring concentration of ammonia present in solution comprising the electrode; anda method for removing ammonia contaminants from contaminated effluents involving sending the effluents to ammonia electrolytic cell having the electrode and applying current sufficient to oxidize ammonia in effluent. For oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in electrolytic cell for hydrogen production; ammonia fuel cell; ammonia electrochemical sensors; and purification processes for ammonia-contaminated effluents. The electro-catalyst makes electrodes more reversible and improves the kinetic toward ammonia oxidation. The electro-catalyst requires much lower loading than for other electro-catalyst, which results in lower cost in producing the electro-catalyst. The electrode minimizes hydrogen storage problem, exhibits fuel flexibility and zero hazardous environmental emission. The support is selected from platinum mesh, platinum foil, platinum sponge, gold mesh, metal foil, tantalum mesh, tantalum foil or iridium sponge. The support is Raney metal treated support comprising a layer of Raney metal deposited on the support. The Raney metal is selected from Raney nickel, Raney cobalt, and/or Raney titanium (preferably Raney nickel). The metals that are active to ammonia oxidation are selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, palladium, gold, silver, nickel, iron and platinum. When the noble metal is platinum, the metal that are active to ammonia oxidation is selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, silver, nickel, and iron.The alkaline electrolyte is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.OHIO UNIVERSITYUS 2012-07-092013-12-24C25, B01, G01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
41
40US8895198B2USUS2009236282PUS2010862746AAlkaline fuel cell includes alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyteAn alkaline fuel cell comprises an air cathode coupled with a two-trap air filter assembly. The air filter assembly includes a series of a first thermally regenerative chemical carbon dioxide trap arranged in tandem with a second strongly-bonding carbon dioxide chemical trap. The traps (12a-b, 14) are disposed upstream from an inlet (32) to the air cathode, and can reduce levels of carbon dioxide in an air stream. The alkaline fuel cell includes an alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyte. An alkaline fuel cell. The alkaline fuel cell has reduced levels of CO 2 in air streams supplied to the fuel cell cathode. Preferred Component: The first trap is configured for thermal regeneration by passing a rejuvenating air stream through the first trap, where the rejuvenating air stream includes the cathode exhaust air supplied to the first trap with(out) additional heating. The second trap includes an active material including soda lime, lithium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide. The second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10. The first trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream by a factor of 10, and the second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10, where the level of CO 2 in the air stream supplied to the cathode air inlet is under 5 ppm, preferably ≤ 1 ppm.Preferred Component: The first trap includes a resin with amine functional groups which serve as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) trapping sites via a reaction of the amine with CO 2 and water vapor to form bicarbonate by reacting R-NH 2 , CO 2 and water to produce R-NH 3+ (HCO 3- ). The first CO 2 trap includes, as active material, a resin with amine functional groups which serve as CO 2 trapping sites via a reaction with CO 2 under dry air conditions to form carbamate by reacting 2(R-NH 2 ) and CO 2 to produce (R-NHCOO - )(R-NH 3+ ).R=carbonaceous polymer backbone. The drawing is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide filtration system for alkaline fuel cell.12a-b, 14Traps16Air pump30Air inlet32Air cathode inlet100Carbon dioxide systemHYDROLITE LTDIL 2010-08-242014-11-25H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
42
41US9214691B2USUS2009236282P | US2010862746AUS14552700AAlkaline fuel cell includes alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyteAn alkaline fuel cell comprises an air cathode coupled with a two-trap air filter assembly. The air filter assembly includes a series of a first thermally regenerative chemical carbon dioxide trap arranged in tandem with a second strongly-bonding carbon dioxide chemical trap. The traps (12a-b, 14) are disposed upstream from an inlet (32) to the air cathode, and can reduce levels of carbon dioxide in an air stream. The alkaline fuel cell includes an alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyte. An alkaline fuel cell. The alkaline fuel cell has reduced levels of CO 2 in air streams supplied to the fuel cell cathode. Preferred Component: The first trap is configured for thermal regeneration by passing a rejuvenating air stream through the first trap, where the rejuvenating air stream includes the cathode exhaust air supplied to the first trap with(out) additional heating. The second trap includes an active material including soda lime, lithium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide. The second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10. The first trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream by a factor of 10, and the second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10, where the level of CO 2 in the air stream supplied to the cathode air inlet is under 5 ppm, preferably ≤ 1 ppm.Preferred Component: The first trap includes a resin with amine functional groups which serve as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) trapping sites via a reaction of the amine with CO 2 and water vapor to form bicarbonate by reacting R-NH 2 , CO 2 and water to produce R-NH 3+ (HCO 3- ). The first CO 2 trap includes, as active material, a resin with amine functional groups which serve as CO 2 trapping sites via a reaction with CO 2 under dry air conditions to form carbamate by reacting 2(R-NH 2 ) and CO 2 to produce (R-NHCOO - )(R-NH 3+ ).R=carbonaceous polymer backbone. The drawing is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide filtration system for alkaline fuel cell.12a-b, 14Traps16Air pump30Air inlet32Air cathode inlet100Carbon dioxide systemHYDROLITE LTDIL 2014-11-252015-12-15H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
43
42US9368819B1USUS2009236282P | US14552700AUS14957760AAlkaline fuel cell includes alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyteAn alkaline fuel cell comprises an air cathode coupled with a two-trap air filter assembly. The air filter assembly includes a series of a first thermally regenerative chemical carbon dioxide trap arranged in tandem with a second strongly-bonding carbon dioxide chemical trap. The traps (12a-b, 14) are disposed upstream from an inlet (32) to the air cathode, and can reduce levels of carbon dioxide in an air stream. The alkaline fuel cell includes an alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyte. An alkaline fuel cell. The alkaline fuel cell has reduced levels of CO 2 in air streams supplied to the fuel cell cathode. Preferred Component: The first trap is configured for thermal regeneration by passing a rejuvenating air stream through the first trap, where the rejuvenating air stream includes the cathode exhaust air supplied to the first trap with(out) additional heating. The second trap includes an active material including soda lime, lithium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide. The second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10. The first trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream by a factor of 10, and the second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10, where the level of CO 2 in the air stream supplied to the cathode air inlet is under 5 ppm, preferably ≤ 1 ppm.Preferred Component: The first trap includes a resin with amine functional groups which serve as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) trapping sites via a reaction of the amine with CO 2 and water vapor to form bicarbonate by reacting R-NH 2 , CO 2 and water to produce R-NH 3+ (HCO 3- ). The first CO 2 trap includes, as active material, a resin with amine functional groups which serve as CO 2 trapping sites via a reaction with CO 2 under dry air conditions to form carbamate by reacting 2(R-NH 2 ) and CO 2 to produce (R-NHCOO - )(R-NH 3+ ).R=carbonaceous polymer backbone. The drawing is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide filtration system for alkaline fuel cell.12a-b, 14Traps16Air pump30Air inlet32Air cathode inlet100Carbon dioxide systemHYDROLITE LTDIL2015-12-032016-06-14H01, H02Celda de Combustible Alcalina
44
43US9509008B2USKR201448926AUS14627945ANew dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer e.g. poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)hydroxide for electrolyte membrane, comprises dibenzylated benzimidazolium with benzyl groups are bonded to nitrogen atoms of benzimidazole ringA dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer comprising dibenzylated benzimidazolium in which substituted or unsubstituted benzyl groups are bonded to each of the two nitrogen atoms of benzimidazole ring of polybenzimidazole-based polymer, is new. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for electrolyte membrane, which comprises poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)hydroxide. New dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer e.g. poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)halide and poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)hydroxide for electrolyte membrane used for solid alkali exchange membrane fuel cell (all claimed). The dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer has excellent alkali resistance and ion conductivity, and benzimidazole ring does not decomposed by attack of hydroxide ions. preparation: No general preparation given. Preferred Composition: The dibenzylated polybenzimidazole-based polymer is preferably poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)halide of formula (I) in which halide chosen from iodine and bromine is bonded to dibenzylated benzimidazolium, or poly(dibenzylated benzimidazolium)hydroxide of formula (II) in which hydroxide is bonded to dibenzylated benzimidazolium.Ar'=group of formula (i) or (ii);X=I or Br;R=H, alkyl chosen from methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and tert-butyl, NO2, NH3, OH or SO3H;andn=number of repeating units.KOREA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYKR2015-02-202016-11-29C08, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
45
44WO2005035444A3WOUS2003510473PWO2004US33552AElectrode for oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in e.g. electrolytic cell for hydrogen production comprises multi-metallic electro-catalyst having noble metal and a metal that is active to ammonia oxidation deposited on supportAn electrode comprises a support, and a multi-metallic electro-catalyst including a noble metal and at least one metal that is active to ammonia oxidation co-deposited on the support. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:an electrolytic cell for production of hydrogen comprising the electrode, an alkaline electrolyte solution and ammonia;an ammonia fuel cell comprising the electrode as anode, cathode, ammonia and alkaline electrolyte;a sensor for measuring concentration of ammonia present in solution comprising the electrode; anda method for removing ammonia contaminants from contaminated effluents involving sending the effluents to ammonia electrolytic cell having the electrode and applying current sufficient to oxidize ammonia in effluent. For oxidation of ammonia in alkaline media useful in electrolytic cell for hydrogen production; ammonia fuel cell; ammonia electrochemical sensors; and purification processes for ammonia-contaminated effluents. The electro-catalyst makes electrodes more reversible and improves the kinetic toward ammonia oxidation. The electro-catalyst requires much lower loading than for other electro-catalyst, which results in lower cost in producing the electro-catalyst. The electrode minimizes hydrogen storage problem, exhibits fuel flexibility and zero hazardous environmental emission. The support is selected from platinum mesh, platinum foil, platinum sponge, gold mesh, metal foil, tantalum mesh, tantalum foil or iridium sponge. The support is Raney metal treated support comprising a layer of Raney metal deposited on the support. The Raney metal is selected from Raney nickel, Raney cobalt, and/or Raney titanium (preferably Raney nickel). The metals that are active to ammonia oxidation are selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, palladium, gold, silver, nickel, iron and platinum. When the noble metal is platinum, the metal that are active to ammonia oxidation is selected from iridium, ruthenium, rhenium, gold, silver, nickel, and iron.The alkaline electrolyte is potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.OHIO UNIVERSITYUS2004-10-122006-03-16C25, G01, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
46
45WO2011025797A1WOUS2009236282PWO2010US46562AAlkaline fuel cell includes alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyteAn alkaline fuel cell comprises an air cathode coupled with a two-trap air filter assembly. The air filter assembly includes a series of a first thermally regenerative chemical carbon dioxide trap arranged in tandem with a second strongly-bonding carbon dioxide chemical trap. The traps (12a-b, 14) are disposed upstream from an inlet (32) to the air cathode, and can reduce levels of carbon dioxide in an air stream. The alkaline fuel cell includes an alkaline aqueous electrolyte or hydroxide ion conducting polymeric membrane without liquid electrolyte. An alkaline fuel cell. The alkaline fuel cell has reduced levels of CO 2 in air streams supplied to the fuel cell cathode. Preferred Component: The first trap is configured for thermal regeneration by passing a rejuvenating air stream through the first trap, where the rejuvenating air stream includes the cathode exhaust air supplied to the first trap with(out) additional heating. The second trap includes an active material including soda lime, lithium hydroxide, or sodium hydroxide. The second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10. The first trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream by a factor of 10, and the second trap can reduce levels of CO 2 in the air stream exiting from the first trap by a factor of 10, where the level of CO 2 in the air stream supplied to the cathode air inlet is under 5 ppm, preferably ≤ 1 ppm.Preferred Component: The first trap includes a resin with amine functional groups which serve as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) trapping sites via a reaction of the amine with CO 2 and water vapor to form bicarbonate by reacting R-NH 2 , CO 2 and water to produce R-NH 3+ (HCO 3- ). The first CO 2 trap includes, as active material, a resin with amine functional groups which serve as CO 2 trapping sites via a reaction with CO 2 under dry air conditions to form carbamate by reacting 2(R-NH 2 ) and CO 2 to produce (R-NHCOO - )(R-NH 3+ ).R=carbonaceous polymer backbone. The drawing is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide filtration system for alkaline fuel cell.12a-b, 14Traps16Air pump30Air inlet32Air cathode inlet100Carbon dioxide systemCELLERA INCUS 2010-08-242011-03-03H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
47
46WO2011107279A1WOUS2010309542PWO2011EP1046AAmmonia-based hydrogen generation reactor for generation of hydrogen in power generation device, has outer jacket annulus for recovery of heat from combustion products exiting combustion chamberThe reactor (110) has an ammonia cracking chamber (1) with an ammonia cracking catalyst, and an inner combustion chamber (2) with a combustion or oxidation catalyst in thermal contact with the ammonia cracking chamber. An outer jacket annulus (6) is provided for recovery of heat from the combustion products exiting the combustion chamber, where the cracking chamber, the inner combustion chamber, a preheating chamber (3), and the heat recovery jacket annulus are arranged concentrically such that the cracking chamber forms the innermost chamber. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:a system for generating hydrogen, comprising a storage unita power generation device comprising an alkaline fuel cella method for operating a system for generating hydrogen. Ammonia-based hydrogen generation reactor for generation of hydrogen by cracking ammonia stored in a solid storage material i.e. metal ammine salt, for power generation in a power generation device (claimed). The reactor enables energy efficient generation of hydrogen for power generation in a power generation device. The drawing shows a schematic view of a hydrogen generation reactor with inlets and outlets to the reactor.1Ammonia cracking chamber2Inner combustion chamber3Preheating chamber6Outer jacket annulus110Ammonia-based hydrogen generation reactorFAURECIA S. A.DK 2011-03-022011-09-09H01, B01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
48
47WO2017163244A1WOIL244698AWO2017IL50356ASystem for fuel cells, has first bi-polar plate that is located between anode of first fuel cell and cathode of second fuel cell and transfers excess water from vicinity of anode of first fuel cell to vicinity of second fuel cellThe system (400) has first bi-polar plate (430A) that is located between the anode of the first fuel cell (300A) and the cathode of the second fuel cell and configured to transfer excess water from the vicinity of the anode (310) of the first fuel cell to the vicinity of the cathode of the second fuel cell (300B), wherein a pressure profile across the first bi-polar plate drops from higher level near the anode of the first fuel cell to lower level near the cathode of the second fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for operating fuel cells system. System for fuel cells. The total amount of cooling water stream in the system may be kept substantially constant, due to the efficient passage of the excess water in the bi-polar plate and due to the consumption of the transferred water by the reaction taking place in the cathode. By using bipolar plate may allow operating alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell at relatively high currents, allowing an effective anode-to-cathode water transport rate, higher than the possible water transport rate through cell membrane alone. The drawing shows the system for fuel cells. 300AFirst fuel cell300BSecond fuel cell310Anode400System430AFirst bi-polar platePO CELLTECH LTDIL2017-03-212017-09-28H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
49
48WO2019068051A3WOUS62565076P | US62568755PWO2018US53651APolymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer, comprises reaction product of mixture comprising piperidone monomer or azoniaspiro salt monomer, aromatic monomer and optionally trifluoromethyl ketone monomerA polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer (I) or an azoniaspiro salt monomer (II), an aromatic monomer (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer (IV). A polymer (A) comprises a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidone monomer of formula (I) or its salt or hydrate or an azoniaspiro salt monomer of formula (II), an aromatic monomer of formula (III) and optionally a trifluoromethyl ketone monomer of formula (IV).R=1 -R=11 , R=13 -R=17H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo), and R3 and R6 are optionally linked to form a five membered ring optionally substituted with halo or alkyl;R=12alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl (all optionally substituted by fluoro), or group of formula (i);m=1-8;n=0-3;andX=-anion.INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following:polymer (A1) comprising a reaction product of an alkylating agent and the polymer (A) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the piperidone monomer;polymer comprising a reaction product of a base and the polymer (A) or (A1) comprising the reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising the azoniaspiro salt monomer;piperidinium polymer (A2) comprising a reaction product of a polymerization mixture comprising a piperidine-functionalized polymer and a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium compound of formula (V) or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is optionally substituted pyrrole, pyrroline, pyrazole, pyrazoline, imidazole, imidazoline, triazole, pyridine, triazine, pyrazine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, azepine, quinoline, piperidine, pyrrolidine, pyrazolidine, imidazolidine, azepane, isoxazole, isoxazoline, oxazole, oxazoline, oxadiazole, oxatriazole, dioxazole, oxazine, oxadiazine, isoxazolidine, morpholine, thiazole, isothiazole, oxathiazole, oxathiazine, or caprolactam;anion exchange polymer (A3) comprising a reaction product of a base and the piperidinium polymer (A2);anion exchange polymer comprising structural units of formulae (1A)-(3A) and optionally structural unit of formula (4A);hydroxide exchange polymer comprising poly(aryl piperidinium) backbone free of ether linkages, and having water uptake of 60% or less based on the dry weight of the polymer when immersed in pure water at 95° C, or having hydroxide conductivity in pure water at 95° C of 100 mS/cm or more. The polymer is stable to degradation when immersed in 1 M potassium hydroxide at 100° C for 2000 hours, and has tensile strength of 40 MPa or more at elongation at break of 100% or more, or tensile strength of 60 MPa or more at elongation at break of 150% or more;preparation of polymer, which involves reacting the piperidone monomer or its salt or hydrate, optional trifluoromethyl ketone monomer, and the aromatic monomer in the presence of an organic solvent and a polymerization catalyst to form a piperidine-functionalized intermediate polymer, alkylating in the presence of an organic solvent to form a piperidinium-functionalized intermediate polymer, and reacting with a base;manufacture of anion exchange polymer membrane, which involves dissolving the polymer in a solvent to form a polymer solution, casting the polymer solution to form a polymer membrane, and exchanging anions of the polymer membrane with hydroxide, bicarbonate, or carbonate ions to form the anion exchange polymer membrane;anion exchange membrane fuel cell comprising the polymer; andreinforced electrolyte membrane comprising a porous substrate impregnated with the polymer.R=17 ,R=24alkylene;R=19 ,R=23alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl;q=0-6;X=-anion;Z=N or P;R=10 ,R=20 ,R=30 ,R=40 , R=50 ,R=60 ,R=70 ,R=80 ,R=90 ,R=110 ,R=120 ,R=130 ,R=140 ,R=150H, halo or alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl (all optionally substituted with halo);R=100alkyl, alkenyl, or alkynyl (all optionally substituted with fluoro) or group of formula (ii);m=1-8;andn=0-3. Polymer for anion exchange polymer and hydroxide exchange polymer used for forming anion exchange membrane and reinforced electrolyte membrane used in fuel cell (all claimed). Can also be used for electrolyzers (e.g. water/carbon dioxide/ammonia electrolyzer), electrodialyzer, ion-exchanger, solar hydrogen generator, desalinator for desalination of sea/brackish water, demineralization of water, ultra-pure water production, wastewater treatment, concentration of electrolyte solutions in food, drug, chemical, and biotechnology fields, super capacitors and sensor. The polymer has desired alkaline/chemical stability, hydroxide conductivity, water uptake, and mechanical properties. Preferred Components: The base comprises hydroxide, bicarbonate or carbonate-containing base, preferably sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.Preferred Components: The azoniaspiro salt monomer is 3-oxo-6-azoniaspiro[5.5]undecane halide. The piperidone monomer is N-methyl-4-piperidone or 4-piperidone. The salt of the piperidone monomer comprises hydrochloride, hydrofluoride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, trifluoroacetate, acetate, triflate, methanesulfonate, sulfate, nitrate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluorophosphate, formate, benzenesulfonate, toluate, perchlorate, or benzoate, preferably 4-piperidone hydrofluoride, 4-piperidone hydrochloride, 4-piperidone hydrobromide, 4-piperidone hydroiodide, 4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, 4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, 4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, 4-piperidone acetate, 4-piperidone triflate, 4-piperidone methanesulfonate, 4-piperidone formate, 4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, 4-piperidone toluate, 4-piperidone sulfate, 4-piperidone nitrate, 4-piperidone perchlorate, 4-piperidone benzoate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrofluoride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrochloride, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydrobromide, N-methyl-4-piperidone hydroiodide, N-methyl-4-piperidone trifluoroacetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone tetrafluoroborate, N-methyl-4-piperidone hexafluorophosphate, N-methyl-4-piperidone acetate, N-methyl-4-piperidone triflate, N-methyl-4-piperidone methanesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone formate, N-methyl-4-piperidone benzenesulfonate, N-methyl-4-piperidone toluate, N-methyl-4-piperidone sulfate, N-methyl-4-piperidone nitrate, N-methyl-4-piperidone perchlorate and N-methyl-4-piperidone benzoate. The aromatic monomer comprises biphenyl, para-terphenyl, meta-terphenyl, para-quaterphenyl, 9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene, or benzene. The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound is preferably 1-butyl-2-mesityl-4,5-dimethyl-1H-imidazole. The piperidinium polymer comprises a reaction product of the polymerization mixture comprising 2,2,2-trifluoromethyl ketone monomer preferably 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone or 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone. The alkylating agent comprises methyl iodide, iodoethane, 1-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 1-iodopentane, 1-iodohexane, methyl bromide, bromoethane, 1-bromopropane, 1-bromobutane, 1-bromopentane, 1-bromohexane, methyl chloride, chloroethane, 1-chloropropane, 1-chlorobutane, 1-chloropentane, 1-chlorohexane, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl fluorosulfonate, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, trimethyl phosphate or dimethyl sulfate. The polymerization catalyst comprises trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, pentafluoroethanesulfonic acid, heptafluoro-1-propanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, perfluoropropionic acid or heptafluorobutyric acid. The organic solvent is dimethyl sulfoxide, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, methylene chloride, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, chloroform, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane and/or dimethylacetamide.Preferred Composition: The sum of the mole fractions of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) and (4A) in the polymer is equal to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) in the polymer. The ratio of the mole fraction of the structural unit (1A) or (2A) in the polymer to the mole fraction of the structural unit (3A) is 0.01-1. Preferred Component: The porous substrate is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, poly(ether) ketone, polyaryletherketone, poly(aryl piperidinium), poly(aryl piperidine), polysulfone, perfluoroalkoxyalkane, or a fluorinated ethylene propylene polymer. The porous substrate has a porous microstructure of polymeric fibrils, and has thickness 1-100 microns. Preferred Properties: The hydroxide exchange polymer is insoluble in pure water and isopropanol at 100° C, and soluble in mixture of water and isopropanol at 100° C. The hydroxide exchange polymer has peak power density of 350 mW/cm2 or more, when the polymer is used as an hydroxide exchange membrane of an hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cell and is loaded at 20% as an hydroxide exchange ionomer in cathodic and anodic catalyst layers of the fuel cell, and decrease in voltage over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less and an increase in resistance over 5.5 hours of operation of 20% or less. The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell. 10Fuel cell12,14Catalyst layer16Membrane electrolyte18,20Gas diffusion layers22InletUNIVERSITY OF DELAWAREUS 2018-09-282020-03-26B01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
50
49WO2020026231A1WOIL260880AWO2019IL50850ADirect ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cellThe direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for operating direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell. Direct ammonia alkaline membrane fuel cell.POCELL TECH LTDIL2019-07-282020-02-06H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
51
50WO2022245081A1WOKR202163305A | KR2021135865A | KR202226684A | KR202228466A | KR202254983AWO2022KR6989AHydrogen production system comprises cathode unit including cathode and electrolyte, anode unit including anode, and bipolar membrane arranged between cathode part and anode part, where electrolyte is neutralHydrogen production system (100) comprises a cathode unit (110) including a cathode and a first electrolyte (112), an anode unit (120) including an anode and a second electrolyte, and a bipolar membrane arranged between the cathode part and the anode part, where the first electrolyte is neutral, the second electrolyte is alkaline and comprises ammonia, and hydrogen is generated in the cathode part. The cathode comprises a hydrogen evolution reaction catalyst. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an ammonia fuel cell. As hydrogen production system. The hydrogen production system has reduced power consumed for hydrogen production, and performs hydrogen gas and power generation together in a driving environment where cell potential is not consumed, resulting in high hydrogen production efficiency. Preferred Components: The hydrogen generation reaction catalyst is at least one chosen from metal foam, metal thin film, carbon paper, carbon fiber, carbon felt, carbon cloth, and/or platinum catalyst. The anode is one or more metals chosen from platinum, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, iron, cobalt, nickel and/or copper. The alkali metal hydroxide is at least one chosen from potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and/or lithium hydroxide. The drawing shows a schematic view of a hydrogen production system. 100Hydrogen production system110Cathode unit112First electrolyte120Anode unit121Anode122Second electrolyte130Bipolar membraneAAR CORPKR2022-05-162022-11-24C25, H01Celda de Combustible Alcalina
52
51CN103094598BCNCN201310029627ACN201310029627AIntegrated nitrification-denitrification microbial fuel cell includes aeration area, reaction area, anode, lead, load, return conduit, denitrification chamber, water outlet pipe, gas-guide pipe, cathode, separating film and perforated plateIntegrated nitrification-denitrification microbial fuel cell comprises supporting base (1), aeration area (2), reaction area (3), anode (4), lead (5), load (6), return conduit (7), denitrifying sludge (8), denitrification chamber (9), water outlet pipe (10), gas-guide pipe (11), cathode (12), sampling tube (13), cathode (14), denitrification flange (15), separating film (16), sampling pipe (17), denitrification cathode (18), perforated plate (19), nitration chamber (20), micropore aeration head (21), and water inlet pipe (22). Integrated nitrification-denitrification microbial fuel cell. The integrated nitrification-denitrification microbial fuel cell has compact structure and reduced operation cost, realizes nitrification-denitrification power generation, improves power generation efficiency, and treats wastes by utilizing wastes. Preferred Component: The separating film is a cation exchange membrane, anion exchange membrane, proton exchange membrane, bipolar membrane, microfiltration membrane, or ultrafiltration membrane. The drawing is a schematic view of integrated nitrification-denitrification microbial fuel cell. 1Supporting base2Aeration area3Reaction area4Anode5Lead6Load7Return conduit8Denitrifying sludge9Denitrification chamber10Water outlet pipe11Gas-guide pipe12Cathode13Sampling tube14Cathode15Denitrification flange16Separating film17Sampling pipe18Denitrification cathode19Perforated plate20Nitration chamber21Micropore aeration head22Water inlet pipeZHEJIANG UNIVERSITYCN2013-01-252014-11-19H01, C02Celda de Combustible Microbiana
53
52CN103268950ACNCN201310159863ACN201310159863AAmmonia-oxidation microbial fuel cell comprises a rotating motor, a conductive brush, a circuit, a proton exchange membrane, an anode cubic reactor, and a cathode cubic reactor, where the anode cubic reactor comprises a water inlet pipeThe ammonia-oxidation microbial fuel cell comprises a rotating motor, a conductive brush, a circuit, a proton exchange membrane, an anode cubic reactor, and a cathode cubic reactor. The anode cubic reactor and the proton exchange membrane are connected with the cathode cubic reactor. The anode cubic reactor comprises a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, an anode bracket, an anode, anode chamber, and a rotating disc type ammonia-oxidizing bacteria hanging film anode. A side wall of the anode chamber is connected with the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe. The ammonia-oxidation microbial fuel cell comprises a rotating motor, a conductive brush, a circuit, a proton exchange membrane, an anode cubic reactor, and a cathode cubic reactor. The anode cubic reactor and the proton exchange membrane are connected with the cathode cubic reactor. The anode cubic reactor comprises a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, an anode bracket, an anode, anode chamber, and a rotating disc type ammonia-oxidizing bacteria hanging film anode. A side wall of the anode chamber is connected with the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe. The anode chamber is provided with the anode bracket and the rotating disc type ammonia-oxidizing bacteria hanging film anode. The rotating disc type ammonia-oxidizing bacteria hanging film anode comprises a graphite rod and a circular carbon. The graphite rod passes through the circular carbon to form string-like structure. One end of the graphite rod is connected with the anode bracket. Other end of the graphite rod passes through the anode chamber. A rotating motor is connected with the anode chamber. A side wall of the graphite rod is provided with a conductive brush. The electric brush is connected with the cathode by the circuit. The cathode cubic reactor comprises a cathode, a cathode bracket and cathode chamber. The cathode chamber is connected with the cathode and the cathode bracket. The circular carbon felt is attached with the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria hanging film anode. Used as an ammonia-oxidation microbial fuel cell. The ammonia-oxidation microbial fuel cell has reduced power consumption. Preferred Components: The anode is a matrix containing ammonium chloride. The electron mediator is methylene blue, whose concentration is lower than 10 -4 mole/l. The cathode is phosphate buffer solution containing potassium permanganate with a concentration of 10 -2 mole/l.ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITYCN2013-05-032013-08-28H01, C02Celda de Combustible Microbiana
54
53CN104143648BCNCN201410371295ACN201410371295AMicroorganism fuel cell removal based sewage ammonia nitrogen recovery device, has cathode room provided with aeration device and cathode electrode, and ammonia recovery unit connected with cathode room port through pipelineThe device has a gas recovery device fixed with a double-room microorganism fuel cell system that is provided with an anode room and a cathode room. A positive ion exchange film is separated from the anode room that is fixed with a liquid anode and an anode electrode. The cathode room is provided with an aeration device, an ammonia gas exit and a cathode electrode. The aeration device is placed with the cathode room. The cathode electrode is connected with an outer circuit through an external circuit. An ammonia recovery unit is connected with the cathode room port through a pipeline. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a sewage ammonia nitrogen recovery method. Microorganism fuel cell removal based sewage ammonia nitrogen recovery device. The device has better economic benefit and environmental protection benefit. The drawing shows a side view of a microorganism fuel cell removal based sewage ammonia nitrogen recovery device.SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYCN2014-07-302016-08-24H01, C02Celda de Combustible Microbiana
55
54CN104150607BCNCN201410371379ACN201410371379AMicroorganism fuel battery phenol and ammonia nitrogen degrading device, has positive electrode compartment connected with cathode room, and anode electrode and cathode electrode that are connected with resistor and switchThe device has a positive electrode compartment connected with a cathode room. An anion exchange film is formed on an anode room that is connected with an anode electrode. The cathode room is connected with a cathode liquid feed port. An aeration device is fixed with a cathode electrode and a bottom part of the cathode room. The anode electrode and the cathode electrode are connected with a resistor and a switch. The cathode electrode is formed with carbon paper, carbon cloth, graphite felt, stainless steel network and foam nickel. Microorganism fuel battery phenol and ammonia nitrogen degrading device. The device has better economic benefit and environmental protection effect, and removes phenol and ammonia nitrogen in sewage. The drawing shows a circuit diagram of a microorganism fuel battery phenol and ammonia nitrogen degrading device.SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYCN2014-07-302016-04-13H01, C02Celda de Combustible Microbiana
56
55CN104466212BCNCN201410756244ACN201410756244AMicro-organism fuel cell based ammonia recovery device, has seal glue stopper connected with silicon glue pipeline through connector and provided with organic glass cavity body, where silicon glue pipeline is connected with pneuma pumpThe device has a gas flow meter (16) connected with a first silicon glue pipeline (22) that is connected with a water washing bottle (12). The first silicon glue pipeline is connected with a rubber plug (14) through a luer connector. The water washing bottle is provided with an organic glass cavity body (1) through a second silicon glue pipeline (17). A seal glue stopper (5) is connected with the second silicon glue pipeline through a connector and provided with the organic glass cavity body. The second silicon glue pipeline is connected with a pneuma pump (10). Micro-organism fuel cell based ammonia recovery device. The device is convenient to waste water treatment process, and has low power consumption. The drawing shows a schematic view of a micro-organism fuel cell based ammonia recovery device. 1Organic glass cavity body5Seal glue stopper10Pneuma pump12Water washing bottle14Rubber plug16Gas flow meter17, 22Silicon glue pipelinesHIT YIXING ACAD ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONCN2014-12-102016-08-17H01Celda de Combustible Microbiana
57
56CN110357273BCNCN201910670333ACN201910670333AFuel cell device, comprises a three-chamber microbial fuel cell system comprising three independent reaction zones, respectively an anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit, an iron redox unit, and light biological reaction unitFuel cell device, comprises a three-chamber microbial fuel cell system comprising three independent reaction zones, respectively an anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit, an iron redox unit, and light biological reaction unit. The anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit is composed of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit side wall made of an opaque material, and redox unit side wall (17) is composed of a side wall of an iron redox unit made of a visible light transmission material, and the photobioreactor unit is composed of infrared light formed by a side wall of a photobioreactor made of a material, cation exchange membrane is located between the anammox unit and the iron redox unit, and an anion exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane and an iron redox unit and a cation exchange membrane are located between the iron redox unit and the photobioreactor unit. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for ammonia nitrogen removal and ferric iron regeneration based on the apparatus, which comprises:adding inorganic wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen through an inlet pipe of an anammox unit, and inoculating anaerobic ferric ammonia oxidation sludge, adding material containing ferric iron through the inlet pipe of the iron redox unit is not inoculated with sludge, where the inorganic wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen is added through the inlet pipe of the photobioreactor and inoculated with the photosynthetic sludge and bicarbonate, and the light is given in the photobioreaction unit;closing the second switch, disconnecting the first switch, and the anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit and the iron redox unit constitute an anaerobic iron ammonia oxidation fuel cell, where the anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit acts as an anode for anaerobic oxidation of ammonia nitrogen to nitrogen and generates electrons, and the iron redox unit acts as a cathode to accept electrons for reduction reaction of ferrous iron, and the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen and the reduction of iron are spatially separated while generating electrical energy; anddischarging the wastewater treated by the anammox unit through the outlet pipe, and reusing the iron solution in the iron redox unit without replacement, where the concentration of photosynthetic bacteria accumulated in the photobioreactor reaches 100 million/ml and is discharged through the outlet pipe to recover the photosynthetic bacteria single cell protein. Fuel cell device. The fuel cell device does not require aeration and an external carbon source, and the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency is high. The treatment cost is low, the treated effluent does not contain iron, and the iron element of the cathode is not lost, which saves the cost of trivalent iron regeneration compared with the method of adding oxidant oxidation. The drawing shows the schematic view of the fuel cell device. 1Inlet pipe2Outlet pipe3Exhaust port4Evacuation pipe17Redox unit side wallCHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCECN2019-07-242023-08-04C02, H01Celda de Combustible Microbiana
58
57CN114865034ACNCN202210578344ACN202210578344AIron oxide ammonia microorganism fuel cell useful in synchronously removing ammonia and generating electricity comprises cathode chamber and anode chamber separated by anion exchange membrane, electrons flow into cathode chamber through wire to form currentIron oxide ammonia microorganism fuel cell comprises a cathode chamber (1) and an anode chamber (2) are separated by an anion exchange membrane (5). The outside is connected by a lead wire (7). The electrode of the anode chamber is inoculated with iron oxide ammonia function microorganism enriched culture liquid. The anode chamber is added with the anode culture liquid. A cathode culture solution containing Fe(III) is added in the cathode chamber. In the anode chamber, NH4+-N undergoes an oxidation reaction under the action of the ferric-ammonia functional microorganism to generate nitrogen gas. The electrons flow into the cathode chamber through the wire to form a current, and a reduction reaction occurs in the cathode chamber, thereby realizing synchronous ammonia removal to generate electricity. Iron oxide ammonia microorganism fuel cell useful in synchronously removing ammonia and generating electricity (claimed). The fuel cell uses the anaerobic iron oxide ammonia to prepare new microbial fuel cell by removing ammonia pathway, under the condition of not consuming external energy, realizing synchronous oxidation to remove NH4 + -N and generate electricity in the anaerobic environment, providing a new idea for solving NH4 + -N pollution, It makes useful exploration for the resource utilization of NH4 + -N. The drawing shows a structural diagram of a fuel cell according to an embodiment 1 of an iron oxide ammonia microorganism fuel cell.1Of mineral substance 2Maintaining charge balance 3Using fuel cell synchronous ammonia-removing power generation 4Using fuel cell synchronous ammonia-removing power 5Separated by anion exchange membrane 7Collected and automatically recorded NANJING UNIVERSITYCN2022-05-262022-08-05H01, C02Celda de Combustible Microbiana
59
58CN115818824ACNCN202211594452ACN202211594452ADevice for electrically driving anaerobic ammonia oxidation-denitrification comprises microbial fuel cell and microbial electrochemical reactor, where platinum grid electrode and first carbon brush electrode forms loop through series resistorThe device for electrically driving anaerobic ammonia oxidation-denitrification by microbial fuel cell coupling comprising a microbial fuel cell (1) and a microbial electrochemical reactor (9). The microbial fuel cell comprises the first carbon brush electrode (2), carbon cloth electrode (3), and the first water outlet (6). The microbial electrochemical reactor (9) is provided with the second carbon brush electrode (10), platinum mesh electrode (11), the second water inlet (17). The second water inlet is connected with the first water outlet through the water inlet pipe (18). The second carbon brush electrode is coupled to the carbon cloth electrode. The platinum grid electrode and the first carbon brush electrode forms a loop through a series resistor (8). The first water outlet is located at the upper part of the microbial fuel cell. The first water inlet (5) is located at the lower part of the microbial fuel cell. The device is useful for electrically driving anaerobic ammonia oxidation-denitrification by microbial fuel cell coupling in the field of sewage treatment. Can also be used for converting organic matter in wastewater into electrical energy. The microbial fuel cell coupling ammonia oxidation-denitrification device is an environment-friendly sewage treatment structure with denitrification and carbon removal. It does not consume the external electric energy, and can generate the recycling electric energy. It will not cause secondary pollution. The drawing shows a structure schematic diagram of a microbial fuel cell electrodriving coupling ammonia oxidationdenitrification device.1Microbial fuel cell 2First carbon brush electrode 3Carbon cloth electrode 5First water inlet 6First water outlet 8Resistance 10Second carbon brush electrode 11Platinum net electrode 17Second water inlet 18Water inlet pipeline UNIV DONGGUAN TECHNOLOGYCN2022-12-132023-03-21C02, H01Celda de Combustible Microbiana
60
59CN203071172UCNCN201320042228UCN201320042228UIntegrated type nitrification-denitrification microbial fuel cell, has chamber connected with flange, which is fixed with separating film, and load respectively connected with nitrification-denitrification anode and cathode through leadThis utility model claims a kind of integrated type nitrification-denitrification microbe fuel cell. It is mainly composed of a nitrification and denitrification by the nitrifying a inoculating nitration sludge to nitrogen-containing organic waste water as fuel, organic heterotrophic bacteria decomposition releasing electrons, ammonia nitrogen by nitrifying bacteria into nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen and releasing electrons, denitrification chamber inoculating denitrifying sludge, a is water into the denitrification chamber can be further removing a denitrification electron donor is used as the cathode, the residual organic matter, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen by denitrifying bacteria into nitrogen to finish the whole denitrification, nitration pole received electronically by denitrification cathode received by a circuit to realize generating electricity. This utility model device has compact structure, can realize nitrification and denitrification combined power generating, reduces cost, biological denitrification by using organic matter and ammonia nitrogen fuel, improves power generating efficiency, the nitrified product as electron acceptor, waste by waste, capable of effectively reduce the running cost of the microbe fuel cell.ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITYCN2013-01-252013-07-17H01, C02Celda de Combustible Microbiana
61
60CN203119032UCNCN201320041578UCN201320041578UHigh-efficient synchronously removing nitrogen and carbon microbiological fuel cell has load that is respectively connected with anaerobic digestion anode and anaerobic ammonia oxidation cathode through leadThis utility model claims a high-efficient synchronously removing nitrogen and carbon microbe fuel cell. It is mainly composed of anaerobic digestion chamber and anaerobic ammonia oxidation chamber, passes through the anaerobic digestion chamber inoculating anaerobic digested sludge as fuel by organic waste water, organic substance decomposing releasing electrons by heterotrophic bacteria, anaerobic ammonia oxidation room inoculating anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge to nitrogen-containing waste water as cathode solution, nitrite nitrogen as electron acceptor, ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen as nitrogen by anaerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria to realize synchronously removing nitrogen and carbon, at the same time, anaerobic digestion pole received electronic transfer oxide cathode to the anaerobic ammonia to realize generating electricity by external circuit. This utility model can at the same time processing organic waste water and nitrogen-containing waste water, high efficiency synchronously removing nitrogen and carbon production, using the nitrite-nitrogen as an electron acceptor, reduce the running cost of the microbiological fuel cell, anaerobic ammonia oxidation room containing a water outlet to the anaerobic digestion chamber, anode liquid acid and improves the operation stability.ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITYCN2013-01-252013-08-07H01, C02Celda de Combustible Microbiana
62
61CN203300748UCNCN201320234973UCN201320234973URotary hanging-pole type ammonia oxidation mediated microbiological fuel cell has graphite rod whose side wall is provided with conductive brush which is connected with cathode and cubic reactor by circuitThis utility model claims a rotating disc type hanging pole type medium ammonia oxidation microbiological fuel cell. It comprises a rotating motor, a conductive brush, a circuit, a proton exchange membrane, an anode reactor, cubic cathode cubic reactor, an anode cubic reactor comprises a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, an anode bracket, an anode, an anode chamber, a rotating disc type ammonia-oxidizing bacteria film an anode, an anode side wall of coke oven carbonization chamber is provided with a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, in the anode chamber is provided with an anode bracket, an anode solution, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria type hanging pole, rotating ammonia oxidizing bacteria hanging film anode comprises a graphite rod, circular carbon felt sheet, a cathode cubic reactor comprises a cathode, a cathode, the cathode chamber. This utility model is a raw material for inorganic ammonia, can be realized at the same time ammonia oxidation and biological power generating, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria type hanging pole can effectively control film dissolved oxygen concentration in the anode liquid is added with the electron mediator can help conduction electrons, a power generating performance, the energy utilization ratio is high.ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITYCN2013-05-032013-11-20H01, C02Celda de Combustible Microbiana
63
62CN206544937UCNCN201720182842UCN201720182842UDouble-sludge synchronous nitrifying and denitrifying power generating device has final sink tank that is provided with water outlet and sludge outlet, when processing sewage and generating electric energyA double-sludge synchronous nitrifying and denitrifying power generating device belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, comprising a water tank, an anaerobic cell, settling and aeration cell are connected and the settling pond, an anaerobic cell and the settling pond between separated by an ion exchange membrane, wherein the anaerobic cell as a microbial fuel cell anode chamber, final sediment microbial fuel cell as a cathode chamber, an anode chamber and a cathode chamber are respectively externally connected with the resistor to form a closed loop, a primary sedimentation tank and the anaerobic cell is connected through sludge reflux pipeline, final settling and aeration cell are connected through sludge reflux pipeline, final sink cell is further provided with a sludge and water outlet. The utility model uses double-sludge synchronous nitrifying and denitrifying system process and coupling technique for processing ammonia nitrogen wastewater to make synchronous nitrification and denitrification amine become dominant species, can be reduced in the same concentration of COD and TN in sewage generate a stable voltage value, which not only effectively process the pollutant in the sewage, and generating clean electric energy.TONGJI UNIVERSITYCN2017-02-282017-10-10C02, H01Celda de Combustible Microbiana
64
63CN210559658UCNCN201921168468UCN201921168468UFuel cell device, comprises a three-chamber microbial fuel cell system comprising three independent reaction zones, respectively an anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit, an iron redox unit, and light biological reaction unitFuel cell device, comprises a three-chamber microbial fuel cell system comprising three independent reaction zones, respectively an anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit, an iron redox unit, and light biological reaction unit. The anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit is composed of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit side wall made of an opaque material, and redox unit side wall (17) is composed of a side wall of an iron redox unit made of a visible light transmission material, and the photobioreactor unit is composed of infrared light formed by a side wall of a photobioreactor made of a material, cation exchange membrane is located between the anammox unit and the iron redox unit, and an anion exchange membrane, an anion exchange membrane and an iron redox unit and a cation exchange membrane are located between the iron redox unit and the photobioreactor unit. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for ammonia nitrogen removal and ferric iron regeneration based on the apparatus, which comprises:adding inorganic wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen through an inlet pipe of an anammox unit, and inoculating anaerobic ferric ammonia oxidation sludge, adding material containing ferric iron through the inlet pipe of the iron redox unit is not inoculated with sludge, where the inorganic wastewater containing ammonia nitrogen is added through the inlet pipe of the photobioreactor and inoculated with the photosynthetic sludge and bicarbonate, and the light is given in the photobioreaction unit;closing the second switch, disconnecting the first switch, and the anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit and the iron redox unit constitute an anaerobic iron ammonia oxidation fuel cell, where the anaerobic ammonium oxidation unit acts as an anode for anaerobic oxidation of ammonia nitrogen to nitrogen and generates electrons, and the iron redox unit acts as a cathode to accept electrons for reduction reaction of ferrous iron, and the oxidation of ammonia nitrogen and the reduction of iron are spatially separated while generating electrical energy; anddischarging the wastewater treated by the anammox unit through the outlet pipe, and reusing the iron solution in the iron redox unit without replacement, where the concentration of photosynthetic bacteria accumulated in the photobioreactor reaches 100 million/ml and is discharged through the outlet pipe to recover the photosynthetic bacteria single cell protein. Fuel cell device. The fuel cell device does not require aeration and an external carbon source, and the ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency is high. The treatment cost is low, the treated effluent does not contain iron, and the iron element of the cathode is not lost, which saves the cost of trivalent iron regeneration compared with the method of adding oxidant oxidation. The drawing shows the schematic view of the fuel cell device. 1Inlet pipe2Outlet pipe3Exhaust port4Evacuation pipe17Redox unit side wallCHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCECN2019-07-242020-05-19C02, H01Celda de Combustible Microbiana
65
64US7745023B2USUS2003493745PUS2004915934AComposite biological device useful for producing hydrogen gas comprises layered biostructure comprising biological material embedded in polymer layer and additional porous layer that does not contain the materialA composite biological device (D1) comprises a layered biostructure comprising at least one biological material (a) embedded in a polymer layer and at least one additional porous layer that does not contain (a). (a) Can produce hydrogen gas and is not Thermotoga. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for making (D1) involving depositing at least one first layer comprising (a) embedded in a polymer onto a second porous layer that does not contain (a) to form the biostructure. For production of hydrogen gas, which is used as a fuel, ammonia fertilizer from atmospheric nitrogen; liquid fuels (e.g. ethanol, acetone and butanol) from organic wastes; electricity as a microbial fuel cell using the microbial electron transport chain. The device includes a layer that contain the biological material is at very high density per unit surface area. The device can be stored for long periods of time. The device is flexible. Preferred Polymer: The polymer layer is a light transmissive layer. The biostructure comprises at least one layer comprising a porous latex-derived material and at least one layer comprising a nonporous latex-derived material. The polymer comprises an acrylate/vinyl acetate, polystyrene or a polymer blend latex. The nonporous latex-derived material defines at least one channel or at least one well.Preferred Material: (a) Comprises Escherichia coli , Shewanella putrifaciens , Rhodopseudomonas palustris , algae (e.g. chlamydomonas), Clostridium butyricum , Rubrivivax , Rhodobacter , Rhodococcus and/or Geobacter . The bacteria E. coli and S. putrifaciens generate electricity. The bacteria used for generation of H 2 gas are Cl. butyricum , and R. palustris with at least one mutated nitrogenase enzyme that results in increased H 2 gas evolution relative to the wild type organism). The mutant bacterium R. palustris lacks a functional molybdenum nitrogenase, a functional iron nitrogenase and/or a functional vanadium nitrogenase (preferably the bacterium is a deletion mutant, especially δvnfH, δanfH, δnifH, δvnfHδanfH, δnifHδanfH or δnifHδvnfH deletion mutant). (a) Can produce electricity. (a) Is genetically optimized for light absorption and/or hydrogen gas production. (a) Produces a gas (e.g. H 2 gas or carbon dioxide). The biostructure forms a coating on a reflective substrate, conductive substrate and photosensitive substrate. The light transmissive layer(s) are conductive. The biostructure additionally comprises a spacer or channel layer, which may be conductive.Preferred Device: The device additionally comprises at least one carbohydrate.Preferred Method: The method additionally involves depositing at least one additional layer of the polymer on (a) containing the surface of the device. The biological material in the device is phototrophic, thermotolerant, aerobic or anaerobic.UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYUS2004-08-092010-06-29H01, C12Celda de Combustible Microbiana
66
65WO2005014805A1WOUS2003493745PWO2004US26257AComposite biological device useful for producing hydrogen gas comprises layered biostructure comprising biological material embedded in polymer layer and additional porous layer that does not contain the materialA composite biological device (D1) comprises a layered biostructure comprising at least one biological material (a) embedded in a polymer layer and at least one additional porous layer that does not contain (a). (a) Can produce hydrogen gas and is not Thermotoga. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for making (D1) involving depositing at least one first layer comprising (a) embedded in a polymer onto a second porous layer that does not contain (a) to form the biostructure. For production of hydrogen gas, which is used as a fuel, ammonia fertilizer from atmospheric nitrogen; liquid fuels (e.g. ethanol, acetone and butanol) from organic wastes; electricity as a microbial fuel cell using the microbial electron transport chain. The device includes a layer that contain the biological material is at very high density per unit surface area. The device can be stored for long periods of time. The device is flexible. Preferred Polymer: The polymer layer is a light transmissive layer. The biostructure comprises at least one layer comprising a porous latex-derived material and at least one layer comprising a nonporous latex-derived material. The polymer comprises an acrylate/vinyl acetate, polystyrene or a polymer blend latex. The nonporous latex-derived material defines at least one channel or at least one well.Preferred Material: (a) Comprises Escherichia coli , Shewanella putrifaciens , Rhodopseudomonas palustris , algae (e.g. chlamydomonas), Clostridium butyricum , Rubrivivax , Rhodobacter , Rhodococcus and/or Geobacter . The bacteria E. coli and S. putrifaciens generate electricity. The bacteria used for generation of H 2 gas are Cl. butyricum , and R. palustris with at least one mutated nitrogenase enzyme that results in increased H 2 gas evolution relative to the wild type organism). The mutant bacterium R. palustris lacks a functional molybdenum nitrogenase, a functional iron nitrogenase and/or a functional vanadium nitrogenase (preferably the bacterium is a deletion mutant, especially δvnfH, δanfH, δnifH, δvnfHδanfH, δnifHδanfH or δnifHδvnfH deletion mutant). (a) Can produce electricity. (a) Is genetically optimized for light absorption and/or hydrogen gas production. (a) Produces a gas (e.g. H 2 gas or carbon dioxide). The biostructure forms a coating on a reflective substrate, conductive substrate and photosensitive substrate. The light transmissive layer(s) are conductive. The biostructure additionally comprises a spacer or channel layer, which may be conductive.Preferred Device: The device additionally comprises at least one carbohydrate.Preferred Method: The method additionally involves depositing at least one additional layer of the polymer on (a) containing the surface of the device. The biological material in the device is phototrophic, thermotolerant, aerobic or anaerobic.UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA (THE REGENTS OF) | UNIVERSITY OF IOWAUS 2004-08-092005-02-17C12Celda de Combustible Microbiana
67
66AU721807B2AUUS199622532P | US1997866981A | WO1997US12707AAU199737341AFuel cell assembly for electric power, heating, cooling and ventilation (HVAC) for residential or commercial applications Uses fuel cell waste heat for heating, cooling and ventilation in interface between fuel cell and ammonia-water absorption chiller or boiler.Waste heat (16) generated by a fuel cell is transferred by radiation, convection or conduction via an interface between the fuel cell and the heating, cooling and ventilation (HVAC) system to a heat absorber e.g. a heat actuated chiller (30) or a boiler in an HVAC system. The system produces a conditioned fluid e.g. heated or cooled air, water or steam for heating or cooling or for industrial processes.The chiller (30) might be an ammonia-water type absorption apparatus with vapour generator (32), condenser (40) and evaporator (50) with fluid and solution pumps (60,68). USEFacilitates integration of an electrochemical converter e.g. a fuel cell for electric power generation and for heating, cooling and ventilation, efficiently using heat otherwise wasted.ZTEK CORP1997-07-162000-07-13F24, F25, F28, H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
68
67BR199710507ABRUS199622532P | US1997866981A | WO1997US12707ABR199710507AFuel cell assembly for electric power, heating, cooling and ventilation (HVAC) for residential or commercial applications Uses fuel cell waste heat for heating, cooling and ventilation in interface between fuel cell and ammonia-water absorption chiller or boiler.Waste heat (16) generated by a fuel cell is transferred by radiation, convection or conduction via an interface between the fuel cell and the heating, cooling and ventilation (HVAC) system to a heat absorber e.g. a heat actuated chiller (30) or a boiler in an HVAC system. The system produces a conditioned fluid e.g. heated or cooled air, water or steam for heating or cooling or for industrial processes.The chiller (30) might be an ammonia-water type absorption apparatus with vapour generator (32), condenser (40) and evaporator (50) with fluid and solution pumps (60,68). USEFacilitates integration of an electrochemical converter e.g. a fuel cell for electric power generation and for heating, cooling and ventilation, efficiently using heat otherwise wasted.ZTEK CORPUS1997-07-161999-08-17F24, F25, F28, H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
69
68CA2260827CCAUS199622532P | US1997866981A | WO1997US12707ACA2260827AFuel cell assembly for electric power, heating, cooling and ventilation (HVAC) for residential or commercial applications Uses fuel cell waste heat for heating, cooling and ventilation in interface between fuel cell and ammonia-water absorption chiller or boiler.Waste heat (16) generated by a fuel cell is transferred by radiation, convection or conduction via an interface between the fuel cell and the heating, cooling and ventilation (HVAC) system to a heat absorber e.g. a heat actuated chiller (30) or a boiler in an HVAC system. The system produces a conditioned fluid e.g. heated or cooled air, water or steam for heating or cooling or for industrial processes.The chiller (30) might be an ammonia-water type absorption apparatus with vapour generator (32), condenser (40) and evaporator (50) with fluid and solution pumps (60,68). USEFacilitates integration of an electrochemical converter e.g. a fuel cell for electric power generation and for heating, cooling and ventilation, efficiently using heat otherwise wasted.ZTEK CORPUS1997-07-162002-04-09F24, F25, F28, H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
70
69CA2521750A1CAUS2003408731A | WO2004US6646ACA2521750AAMENDOLA STEVEN C.US2004-03-052004-11-04B01, C01, H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
71
70CN102576889ACNNL2003429A | WO2010NL50537ACN201080038739AProduction of electrical energy involves separating ammonium as ammonium salt or concentrated ammonium salt; decomposing ammonium salt into ammonia; and feeding the ammonia comprises gas to a fuel cellProduction of electrical energy from an ammonium containing aqueous liquid involves separating at least part of the ammonium as ammonium salt or concentrated ammonium salt comprising solution from the ammonium containing aqueous liquid; decomposing at least part of the ammonium salt into an ammonia comprising gas and at least one other decomposition product; and feeding at least part of the ammonia comprising gas to a fuel cell. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for following:an apparatus for the production of electrical energy from an ammonium containing aqueous liquid comprising a separator unit arranged to separating at least part of the ammonium as ammonium salt or concentrated ammonium salt containing solution from the liquid; a decomposition unit, arranged downstream of the separator unit, and arranged to decomposing at least part of the ammonium salt into ammonia and at least one other decomposition product; and a fuel cell, arranged downstream of the decomposition unit, and arranged to be fed with at least part of the ammonia from the decomposition unit; anduse of ammonium salt crystallization for harvesting ammonia from ammonium containing aqueous liquids and generating from the ammonia electrical energy with a fuel cell. For production of electrical energy from ammonium containing aqueous liquid (claimed). The method is alternative method for generating electrical energy using ammonia that preferably stems from a waste source. Preferred Method: The method involves crystallizing at least part of the available ammonium from the liquid into an ammonium salt and separating at least part of the ammonium as ammonium salt from the liquid; decomposing at least part of the ammonium salt into ammonia and other decomposition products; and feeding at least part of the ammonia to a fuel cell. In the method, the ammonium containing aqueous liquid is obtainable by providing ammonia containing air from an animal accommodation to a liquid comprises acid such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, or by providing ammonia containing off-gas from industrial emission to a liquid comprises acid such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid; crystallization is achieved by adding phosphate to the ammonium containing aqueous liquid; crystallization is achieved by adding phosphate and an alkaline earth cation to the ammonium containing aqueous liquid (especially magnesium); crystallizing at least part of the available ammonium from the liquid into magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) or potassium ammonium phosphate (KAP); crystallization is induced by controlling the pH and temperature of the ammonium containing aqueous liquid; crystallization is performed in a fluid bed crystallizer, in a slurry crystallizer, or in a crystallization reactor; and separation is performed in a separator, arranged downstream of the crystallization reactor; the separator is a three-way separator; the decomposition is a thermal decomposition or chemical decomposition; before feeding the ammonia comprising gas to the fuel cell the ammonia comprising gas is purified, especially by drying the ammonia comprising gas; other decomposition products is returned to crystallize at least part of the available ammonium; simultaneously or sequentially ammonia and another fuel, or a mixture of these two are fed to the fuel cell, where the other fuel comprises fuels selected from syngas, hydrogen and methane; ammonia and biogas are fed to the fuel cell; the methane or biogas originates from an anaerobic digester or a biological waste water treatment plant; and the methane or biogas originates from a gasification unit for gasifying organic matter.Preferred Components: The ammonium containing aqueous liquid is a waste stream.Preferred Components: The ammonium containing aqueous liquid comprises an effluent of an anaerobic digester, a stripper water from anaerobic sections of biological phosphor-removing waste water treatment plant (wwtp), a concentrate or filtrate stream from a dewatering section of a biological waste water treatment plant (wwtp), a (concentrated) urine containing liquid or filtrate, condensate or other liquid waste streams from digesters, or stripper units. The fuel cell is solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The fuel cell further includes an ammonia converter (preferably a cracker). The apparatus further comprises a crystallization unit, arranged to crystallize at least part from the available ammonium from the liquid into an ammonium salt; the crystallization unit is a fluid bed crystallizer or a slurry crystallizer; and the decomposition unit is a thermal decomposition unit.HASKONINGDHV HOLLAND N. V.NL2010-08-272012-07-11H01, B01, C02Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
72
71CN105552411BCNCN201510901572ACN201510901572AMethod for decomposing ammonia gas of SOFC cell in moving device, involves mixing liquefied petroleum gas fuel and air through decompression valve, and determining maximum opening degree of regulating magnetic valveThe method involves filling ammonia gas into a decomposing room (9) from a heat exchange chamber (4) after performing heating process. An inner side of a high temperature waste gas discharge cylinder (3) is arranged in the heat exchange chamber. An annular high temperature resistance stainless steel pipe (5) is sleeved in an outer side of the high temperature waste gas discharge cylinder. Liquefied petroleum gas fuel and air are mixed through a decompression valve (13). Maximum opening degree of a regulating magnetic valve (12) is determined. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a device for decomposing ammonia gas of a SOFC cell in a moving device. Method for decomposing ammonia gas of a SOFC cell in a moving device. The method enables avoiding carbon poisoning phenomenon of SOFC catalyst, and realizing hydrogen and ammonia decomposing process without need to steam so as to reduce device requirement and water source. The method enables improving waste heat utilizing efficiency, and reducing energy consumption. The drawing shows a schematic view of a device for decomposing ammonia gas of a SOFC cell in a moving device. 3High temperature waste gas discharge cylinder4Heat exchange chamber5Annular high temperature resistance stainless steel pipe9Decomposing room12Regulating magnetic valve13Decompression valveFOSHAN SUOFUKE HYDROGEN ENERGY SOURCE COCN2015-12-092017-09-22H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
73
72CN107851822ACNEP2015306250A | WO2016EP68228ACN201680042372AVehicle system with e.g. solid oxide fuel cell, mounted in e.g. car, comprises first fuel generator which carries out ammonia precursor conversion within lower temperature range than second fuel generatorThe vehicle system comprises a fuel cell (1), a container (4) for storage of ammonia precursor, and the first and second fuel generators (2,3). The first and second fuel generators convert ammonia precursor into fuel for use in the fuel cell. The first fuel generator carries out ammonia precursor conversion within a lower temperature range than the second fuel generator. Vehicle system with fuel cell such as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), mounted in vehicle such as car. The start-up time of vehicle system with SOFC is reduced. The power demands during start-up of system comprising fuel cell are satisfied. The electrical power demand during start-up is reduced, so as to reduce the size of batteries that need to be carried on board the vehicle. The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a vehicle system. 1Fuel cell2,3Fuel generators4Container5Ammonia effluent buffer tank11Exhaust systemCOMPAGNIE PLASTIC OMNIUMBE2016-07-292018-03-27H01, C01, C12Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
74
73CN108428911BCNCN201810123440ACN201810123440AHigh temperature solid fuel cell stack thermal management system, has electric heater fixed on pipeline between fixed fuel gas inlet and fuel cell stack, where path in air outlet of gas separator is connected with oxidizing gas outletThe system has a fuel cell stack (6) placed in an adiabatic chamber (5). An outer surface of the fuel cell stack is coated with nickel-based catalyst coating. A fuel gas inlet and a fuel gas outlet are respectively fixed in anode gas channels of the fuel cell stack. An electric heater (8) is fixed on a pipeline between fixed the fuel gas inlet and the fuel cell stack. A path of an oxidizing gas inlet is passed through another electric heater (9) that is connected with a cathode gas channel of the fuel cell stack. A path in an air outlet of a gas separator (10) is connected with the fuel gas inlet of a hydrogen-permeable film. Another path in the air outlet of the gas separator is directly connected with an oxidizing gas outlet. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a high temperature solid fuel cell stack thermal management method. High temperature solid fuel cell stack thermal management system. The system reduces battery stack heat start time, thus improving thermal management capability of the cell stack with better and uniform galvanic pile temperature distribution. The drawing shows a hydraulic circuit diagram of a high temperature solid fuel cell stack thermal management system. '(Drawing includes non-English language text)' 1,7,11,12Valves2,8,9Electric heaters5Adiabatic chamber6Fuel cell stack10Gas separatorCHINA UNIVERSITY OF MINING & TECHNOLOGYCN2018-02-072019-02-05H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
75
74CN110265688ACNCN201910540143ACN201910540143ASolid oxide fuel battery, has anode layer for receiving ammonia gas entering inner cavity from outlet end of ammonia supply pipe, and air passage fixedly connected with shell to supply air to shell and cathode layerThe battery has a gas supply pipe fixedly connected with a shell along axial direction. A fuel battery component is provided with a battery main body. An opening end of the battery main body is fixedly connected with an inner cavity. An ammonia supply pipe is connected with the battery main body. The battery main body is provided with an anode layer, an electrolyte layer and a cathode layer. The anode layer receives ammonia gas entering the inner cavity from an outlet end of the ammonia supply pipe. An air passage is fixedly connected with the shell to supply air to the shell and the cathode layer. Solid oxide fuel battery. The battery realizes electrochemical reaction and exothermic, removes the ammonia in the exhaust gas simultaneously, preheats the ammonia and to-be-reacted air, promotes the electrochemical reaction, eliminates the need for an external heat source and improves stable operation of the battery by heat exchange. The drawing shows a side view of a solid oxide fuel battery.UNIV FUZHOU | BEIJING SJ ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION & NECN 2019-06-212019-09-20H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
76
75CN110380066ACNCN201910549579ACN201910549579AAmmonia decomposition hydrogen production catalyst for use in preparing direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell, comprises active component and carrier, where active component is ruthenium and/or nickel and carrier is barium-based perovskiteAn ammonia decomposition hydrogen production catalyst comprises an active component and a carrier, where the active component is ruthenium and/or nickel and the carrier is barium-based perovskite, zirconia-based rare earth metal oxide, cerium-based rare earth metal oxide, lanthanum gallate based perovskite oxide, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, and aluminum oxide. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following:a method for preparing ammonia decomposition hydrogen production catalyst, which involves performing first ball milling, first drying and first baking on the carrier in sequence, placing a carrier in the active component precursor solution and completely immersing, and performing second drying, second calcination and weighing to calculate the content of the active component in the carrier until the mass ratio of active component to the carrier is 2-40: 100 to obtain the finished productan electrode comprises an electrode bodya method for preparing electrode, which involves adding a solvent, a dispersing agent and a binding agent to the catalyst and performing a second ball milling to obtain a slurry, applying the slurry to the surface of the electrode body, and subjecting an electrode material to third firing to obtain the finished product. Ammonia decomposition hydrogen production catalyst for use in preparing direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell (claimed). The ammonia decomposition hydrogen production catalyst has better catalytic effect and high ammonia decomposition efficiency. Preferred Components: The zirconia-based rare earth metal oxide comprises yttria-stabilized zirconia and scandia-stabilized zirconia. The cerium oxide-based rare earth metal oxide comprises gadolinium-doped cerium oxide and strontium-doped cerium oxide. The barium-based perovskite comprises zirconium-yttrium-doped barium cerate, yttrium-doped barium cerate and yttrium-doped barium zirconate. The lanthanum gallate-based perovskite comprises zirconium, strontium and magnesium doped lanthanum gallate. The precursor solution comprises ruthenium and nickel, where the ruthenium comprises ruthenium chloride, ruthenium nitrate, ruthenium acetate or ruthenium acetylacetone and the nickel comprises nickel nitrate.PETROLCHINA CO LTDCN2019-06-242019-10-25H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
77
76CN110482570ACNCN201910854963ACN201910854963ARecycled ammonia and fuel cell power generation system useful in sewage treatment plant, comprises biogas pre-heater, first heat exchanger, stripper, absorption tower, second heat exchanger, air preheater and third heat exchangerRecycled ammonia and fuel cell power generation system comprises biogas pre-heater (11), first heat exchanger (10), stripper (1), absorption tower (2), second heat exchanger (3), flash tower, air preheater a third heat exchanger, a high-temperature fuel cell, and a combustion furnace. The top gas outlet of the stripping tower is connected to the absorption tower. The bottom outlet of the absorption tower is connected to the first heat exchange channel inlet of the second heat exchanger. The outlet of the first heat exchange channel of the second heat exchanger is connected to the flash tower phase. An outlet of the flash distillation tower is connected with a first inlet of the mixer. The biogas preheater is connected to the second inlet of the mixer. The outlet of the mixer is connected to the first heat exchange channel inlet of the first heat exchanger. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for generating recycled ammonia and fuel cell power in sewage treatment plant. The system is useful in sewage treatment plant (claimed). The system achieves low emissions of biogas and carbon from sewage treatment plants, mitigate climate change, provides sufficient power resources for the entire process facilities of sewage treatment, realizes comprehensive utilization of energy, achieves dual environmental protection and saves energy. Preferred Method: The reforming reaction equation comprises methane reacting with water molecule to obtain 3 molecules of hydrogen molecule and carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide and water molecule to obtain hydrogen molecule and carbon dioxide and 2 molecules of ammonia reacting to obtain 3 molecules of hydrogen molecule and nitrogen gas. The drawing shows a schematic representation of the recycled ammonia and fuel cell power generation system.1Stripper2Absorption tower3Second heat exchanger10First heat exchanger11Biogas pre-heaterXIAN THERMAL POWER RES INST CO LTDCN2019-09-102019-11-22C01, C02, H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
78
77CN112259758BCNCN202010990416ACN202010990416ACold and heat power supply unit for zero discharge ship, has charging energy storage device and ship electric device connected with ship electric device control cabinet for intelligent control management of different working conditionsThe unit has an air preheating chamber (10) connected with a fuel cell stack module (13), a reforming chamber (11), a storage battery (12) and a combustion chamber (14). An air filtering device (8) and a pre-mixing gasification chamber (5) are connected with the combustion chamber e.g. traditional flame combustion, chemical chain combustion or catalytic oxidation combustion. An exhaust gas capturing device (20) is connected with an exhaust gas sealing cabin (21). The fuel cell stack module is connected with a charging energy storage device (23) through a direct current converter (22). The charging energy storage device and a ship electric device (24) are connected with a ship electric device control cabinet (25) for intelligent control management of different working conditions. The storage battery is selected as a lead-acid storage battery, a lithium ion storage battery, a nickel-hydrogen storage battery or a super capacitor. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a zero discharge ship cold and heat power supply unit utilizing method. Zero discharge ship cold and heat power supply unit. The unit has no carbon emission, wide fuel diversity, high power generation efficiency, high comprehensive utilization rate of fuel cold and hot power supply, and better economical efficiency. The drawing shows a block diagram of a zero discharge ship cold and heat power supply unit. (Drawing includes non-English language text). 5Pre-mixing gasification chamber8Air filtering device10Air preheating chamber11Reforming chamber12Storage battery13Fuel cell stack module14Combustion chamber20Exhaust gas capturing device21Exhaust gas sealing cabin22Direct current converter23Charging energy storage device24Ship electric device25Ship electric device control cabinetWUHAN MARINE MACHINERY PLANT CO LTDCN2020-09-182022-10-04H01, B63Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
79
78CN112751044BCNCN202010502839ACN202010502839ASolid oxide fuel cell anode material, uses nickel-based material as matrix, composites matrix and additive material, and content of additive material gradually decreases along flow direction of fuel gasThe material uses a nickel-based material as a matrix, composites the matrix and the additive material, and the content of the additive material gradually decreases along the flow direction of the fuel gas. The catalytic reforming activity of the additive material on the fuel gas is less than that of nickel. The fuel gas is ammonia gas and hydrocarbon gas. The additive material is attached to the base material, and the attachment amount of the additive material is gradually reduced along the flow direction of the fuel gas. The structure of the solid oxide fuel cell includes a flat plate type and a tube type. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a preparation method of solid oxide fuel cell anode material. Solid oxide fuel cell anode material. The internal reforming reaction rate of the solid oxide fuel cell adopting the anode material is evenly distributed, which is beneficial to improve the stability and life of the battery. The additive material is one or more of copper, iron, platinum, and ruthenium. The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the preparation of the anode layer of the battery. 11Hollow channel12Rubber sealing pad51First anode cover53Anode outer sealing layer521First portion of cover plateCHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE | ZHEJIANG ZHENENG BEILUN POWER GENERATION | ZHEJIANG ZHENENG TECHNOLOGY INST CO LTDCN 2020-06-052022-06-17H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
80
79CN113451612BCNCN202110639680ACN202110639680AGreen high-efficiency power-ammonia-power energy system, has waste gas heat exchange device for recycling heat in waste gas, and stream outlet connected with external environment, where heat flow outlet is connected with heat inlet of heat exchangerThe system has a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device (10) which converts nitrogen oxides in the tail gas into nitrogen and whose outlet is connected to the first inlet of the second ammonia synthesis device (4-2). The second inlet of the second ammonia synthesis device is connected to the outlet of a hydrogen storage tank (14). The second ammonia synthesis device synthesizes nitrogen and hydrogen into ammonia. The outlet of second ammonia synthesis device is connected to the inlet of a second ammonia separation device (5-2). The second ammonia separation device separates ammonia and exhaust gas. The ammonia is connected to the ammonia storage tank (12) and the exhaust gas is connected to the logistics inlet of an exhaust gas heat exchange device (11). The exhaust gas heat exchange device recovers the heat in the exhaust gas. The logistics outlet is connected to the external environment. The heat flow outlet is connected to a heat flow inlet of a heat exchanger (8). An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an operation method for green high-efficiency power-ammonia-power energy system. Green high-efficiency power-ammonia-power energy system for converting ammonia gas, used as working medium for storing energy of distributed energy sources, into stable electricity and supplying electricity to user terminal. The green and efficient power-ammonia-power energy system improves the problem of unstable distributed energy power supply, improving energy utilization efficiency, promoting energy saving and emission reduction. The system can control the supply amount of each part of fuel through electric control device (ECU), intelligently control the discharge of nitrogen oxide, reaches the best operation state. The drawing shows a schematic view of the green high-efficiency power-ammonia-power energy system. (Drawing includes non-English language text)4-2Ammonia synthesis device 5-2Ammonia separation device 8Heat exchanger 10SCR device 11Exhaust gas heat exchange device 12Ammonia storage tank 14Hydrogen storage tank XI'AN JIATONG UNIVERSITYCN2021-06-082022-08-05H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
81
80CN113506902ACNCN202110904150ACN202110904150AHybrid system of solid oxide fuel cell and proton exchange membrane fuel cell using ammonia gas as fuel, has power consumption module which is load for consuming current generated by solid oxide and membrane fuel cellsThe system has an ammonia reforming module, a solid oxide fuel cell, an air supply module, separated gas module, a control module, a power consumption module, and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The ammonia reforming module prepares gas for the anode of the solid oxide fuel cell, and the air supply module supplies the oxidant used by the cathode of the solid oxide fuel cell. The gas separation module separates the gas in the solid oxide fuel cell whose anode does not participate in the reaction. The control module includes a first control module used to control the flow of gas flowing into the proton exchange membrane fuel cell and a second control module used to control the current and voltage that the solid oxide fuel cell and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell pass into the load, so that they can stably pass into the load. The power consumption module is a load for consuming the current generated by the solid oxide fuel cell and the proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Hybrid system of solid oxide fuel cell and proton exchange membrane fuel cell using ammonia gas as fuel. The mixed system can combine the solid oxide battery with the proton exchange membrane battery, maximizing the advantages of the two fuel cells, solving the carbon emission problem. The design scheme can more effectively use each advantage of SOFC and PEMFC, fully utilize waste heat SOFC to efficiently reform ammonia, improve the ammonia conversion efficiency of the energy conversion of hydrogen, and can use high volume energy density of the power generation system.UNIV DALIAN MARITIMECN2021-08-062021-10-15H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
82
81CN113793963BCNCN202110899804ACN202110899804AFluidized bed catalytic electrode ammonia direct fuel cell system, comprises cathode particles in tubular fluidized bed chamber driven to collide with tubular fluidized bed chamber by air flow input by air parent pipeFluidized bed catalytic electrode ammonia direct fuel cell system comprises heating module comprising muffle furnace for heating the solid oxide fuel cell structure, where temperature of solid oxide fuel cell is maintained at 700-800℃. A fuel control module is provided for stably conveying fuel gas to anode of the solid oxide fuel cell. The battery module comprises multiple solid oxide fuel cells with output power supply in series, where each of solid oxide fuel cell comprises respectively anode set in the center and cathode surrounding the outer periphery of the anode. The anode of each solid oxide fuel cell are connected to fuel control module through fuel gas pipeline to receive fuel gas, cathode of each solid oxide fuel cell receive air through the air parent pipe, and cathode of each solid oxide fuel cell are also respectively formed to accommodate cathode particles (45). Fluidized bed catalytic electrode ammonia direct fuel cell system comprises heating module comprising muffle furnace for heating the solid oxide fuel cell structure, where temperature of solid oxide fuel cell is maintained at 700-800℃. A fuel control module is provided for stably conveying fuel gas to anode of the solid oxide fuel cell. The battery module comprises multiple solid oxide fuel cells with output power supply in series, where each of solid oxide fuel cell comprises respectively anode set in the center and cathode surrounding the outer periphery of the anode. The anode of each solid oxide fuel cell are connected to fuel control module through fuel gas pipeline to receive fuel gas, cathode of each solid oxide fuel cell receive air through the air parent pipe, and cathode of each solid oxide fuel cell are also respectively formed to accommodate cathode particles (45). The cathode particles in the tubular fluidized bed chamber (4) are driven to collide with tubular fluidized bed chamber by air flow input by the air parent pipe, where surface charge and temperature distribution of the electrode are updated. Fluidized bed catalytic electrode ammonia direct fuel cell system. The surface of cathode particles is used instead of traditional plane as the reaction site, which increases electrode reaction interface and effectively improves power density of the battery unit, The irregular movement of cathode particles in fluidized bed makes the electrode surface continuously updated, which effectively improves the heat transfer and mass transfer efficiency of electrode, which greatly reduces the thermal stress caused by uneven temperature under the traditional solid electrode structure, and make the device easier to scale up. The system solves the technical difficulties of anode peroxidation and low power density in the fuel cell, improves energy conversion efficiency of the device, and has the advantages of modular design, and easy amplification. The catalytic electrode technology is adopted by the system, which enhances interaction between active component and carrier, improves dispersing ability of the active center, effectively reduces the activation energy required for the reaction, which improves catalytic effect, and ammonia conversion rate, hydrogen production rate and cycle stability. The fluidized bed electrode technology improves current collecting effect of tubular electrode, greatly increases cathode reaction rate, and effectively prevents problems of large-scale application process, such as local overheating and concentration polarization occur, making the electrode temperature uniform, greatly reducing the thermal stress caused by uneven temperature of traditional solid electrodes, accelerating start-up rate of fuel cells, increasing safety of fuel cells, and facilitating enlargement of device. The invention designs and builds an ammonia direct solid oxide fuel cell device using a fluidized bed catalytic electrode, which realizes reliable and stable operation of the device, fills the technical gap in the field, and the device is convenient for large-scale production, and has the advantages of industrialization of fuel cells with broadly application. The drawing shows cross-sectional view of a single solid oxide fuel cell.4 Tubular fluidized bed chamber 21Anode current collecting layer 22Electrolyte layer 23Tubular cathode layer 45Cathode particles SOUTHEAST UNIVERSITYCN2021-08-062023-08-01H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
83
82CN113811512ACNUS62787387P | WO2019IL51035ACN201980093410AHigh-temperature solid oxide fuel cell arrangement fueled by hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel and generating electricity and ammonia as byproduct comprises cathode area, anode area, and oxygen-conducting electrolyte areaHigh-temperature solid oxide fuel cell arrangement (100a) fueled by a hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel and generating electricity and ammonia as a byproduct, comprises (a) a cathode area (115) fed with a humid air, (b) an anode area (110) fed with the fuel, and (c) an oxygen-conducting electrolyte (113) area arranged between the cathode and anode areas, where the cathode has an ammonia-rich tail-gas stream, and the fuel cell further comprises a gas separator (150) configured for separating ammonia generated on the cathode from tail-gas stream and unit for utilizing separated ammonia chosen from an ammonia reformer configured for generating hydrogen to be mixed to the fuel fed to the anode, a collecting tank for storing the ammonia and an auxiliary solid oxide fuel cell fueled by the separated ammonia and their combinations. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method of generating ammonia as a byproduct by a high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell arrangement fueled by a hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel, comprising (i) providing the high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell arrangement fueled by a hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuel to anode and a cathode area fed with a humid air, (ii) feeding the fuel to the anode area, (iii) feeding humid air to the cathode area, (iv) operating the fuel cell, (iv) generating the ammonia as a byproduct in the cathode area, (v) separating the ammonia from the tail-gas stream, and (vi) utilizing separated ammonia by at least one way chosen from reforming ammonia to hydrogen, storing ammonia in the collecting tank and fueling an auxiliary fuel cell. As high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell arrangement. The high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell arrangement has high efficiency for enhancing fuel cells fed with hydrogen or hydrocarbon fuels. Preferred Components: The gas separator comprises: a compressor and a membrane arrangement, where the compressor is configured for pumping the tail-gasses through the membrane arrangement such that ammonia is separated from other exhausted gases; and a compressor configured for pressurizing the tail-gases such that ammonia is liquefied while other constituents of the tail-gases are exhausted to the atmosphere. The drawing shows a schematic view of the high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell arrangement. 100aHigh-temperature solid oxide fuel cell arrangement110Fuel cell111Anode area113Oxygen conductive electrolyte115Cathode area150Gas separatorUNIV ARIEL SAMARIAIL2019-09-182021-12-17C01, H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
84
83CN113991135ACNCN202111248888ACN202111248888ASolid oxide fuel cell comprises electrode support layer and porous metal arranged inside electrode support layerA solid oxide fuel cell comprises an electrode support layer and porous metal arranged inside the electrode support layer. Solid oxide fuel cell. The solid oxide fuel cell has good power generation performance and durability. The porous metals improve the conversion rate of the fuel by the battery and reduce the corrosion and damage of the fuel to the supporting anode of the battery. The solid oxide fuel cell can improve the conductivity of the battery and make the temperature distribution of the battery more uniform. The porous metals enhance the catalytic properties of metals and further improve fuel conversion. Preferred Components: The porous metal is selected from one or more of porous nickel, porous copper and porous iron. The porous metal is a modified porous metal. The support material includes nickel oxide and yttrium-doped stabilized zirconia.Preferred Property: The porosity of the porous metal is 70-98%. The thickness of the electrode support layer is 2-6 mm.Preferred Process: The electrode support layer is prepared by mixing a carrier material, carbon powder, a binder and a pore-forming agent to obtain a mixture, embedding the carbon rod into the mixture and then extruding it to obtain a carrier, extracting the carbon in the carrier and then calcining to obtain an electrode support layer.Preferred Composition: The mass ratio of the nickel oxide to the yttrium-doped stabilized zirconia is (50-60): (40-50).CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCECN2021-10-262022-01-28H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
85
84CN114725428BCNCN202210409133ACN202210409133AZero-carbon emission solid oxide fuel cell and renewable energy combined power generation system using ammonia gas as carrier, has user terminal and storage battery that are powered by renewable energy, air and water to prepare ammonia gas, when executing renewable energy cycleThe system has an ammonia storage device (1) whose output port is connected to an ammonia inlet of an ammonia cracking device (2). An output port of the ammonia cracking device is connected with an input port of a separator (3). A nitrogen outlet of the separator is connected to an input port of a nitrogen storage device (4). A hydrogen outlet of the separator is connected to a low temperature side inlet of a first heat exchanger (5). A low temperature side outlet of the first heat exchanger is connected to the hydrogen inlet of an automatic three-way valve (6). The ammonia gas in the ammonia storage device is used as fuel, when the solid oxide fuel cell and the renewable energy combined power generation system executes the fuel cell cycle. A solid oxide fuel cell (7) is used as a power generating device to supply power to a user terminal (13) and a power storage battery (12). The user terminal and the storage battery are powered by the renewable energy, air and water, and ammonia gas is prepared, when executing the renewable energy cycle. Zero-carbon emission solid oxide fuel cell and renewable energy combined power generation system using ammonia gas as carrier. The zero carbon emission solid oxide fuel cell has high energy conversion efficiency, intermittent and regional limit, and is easy to store and transport. The drawing shows a schematic view of the zero-carbon emission solid oxide fuel cell and renewable energy combined power generation system using ammonia gas as carrier. (Drawing includes non-English language text).1Ammonia storage device 2Ammonia cracking device 3Separator 5First Heat exchanger 7Solid oxide fuel cell 8Air compressor 9Second Heat exchanger 10Valve 11Oxygen storage device 13User terminal 14Combustion chamber 15Steam generator 16Water eliminator 17Electrochemical ammonia synthesis device 18Renewable energy generation system CHINA UNIVERSITY OF MINING & TECHNOLOGYCN2022-04-192023-09-01H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
86
85CN114976168BCNCN202210598548ACN202210598548AElectric heating oxygen generating system used for generating electricity combined with ammonia electrochemical storage, has power input end of energy battery connected with the generating device and hot end inlets of third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger communicate with each otherElectric heating oxygen generating system comprises an air separating device (1), an electrochemical synthesis ammonia reactor (2), an oxygen storage tank (3), an energy storage battery, a generating device (5), a liquid ammonia storage tank, a first heat exchanger (7), a second heat exchanger (8), a third heat exchange, a fourth heat exchange and an ammonia fuel high temperature solid oxide fuel cell and a tail gas burner. The power input end of the energy battery is connected with the generating device. The output end communicates with air separation device and the electrochemical synthesizing ammonia reactor, and solid oxide fuel cell. The anode and cathode outlets of ammonia fuel high temperature solid oxide fuel cell are both communicated with the tail gas burner. The output end of the exhaust gas burner is connected with the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger. The hot end inlets of the third heat exchanger and the fourth heat exchanger communicate with each other. The system is useful for generating electricity combined with ammonia electrochemistry used in fuel cell distributed power generation field and photovoltaic and wind power industry. The system eliminates undulation and randomness of the new energy generating system; does not participate in carbon element; can realize carbon dioxide zero discharge; adopts ammonia as carrier of hydrogen storage energy; can eliminate the fluctuation of new energy generation system; is good for reducing the size of the fuel storage device of the generating system; realizes heat cascade utilization; and has high whole system efficiency. The drawing shows a schematic structural diagram of an electric heating oxygen generating system for generating electricity combined with ammonia electrochemical storage (Drawing includes non-English language text).1Air separating device 2Electrochemical synthesis ammonia reactor 3Oxygen storage tank 5Generating device 7First heat exchanger 8Second heat exchanger CHONGQING QINGXIANG AVIATION TECHNOLOGY CO LTDCN2022-05-302023-07-07H01, C01, C25, F28Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
87
86CN115000451ACNCN202210493507ACN202210493507ACompact solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power system for heavy-load freight vehicle field for electrokinetic replacement, has catalyst layer whose catalytic action makes electric stack tail gas stable clean combustionThe system has an integrated fuel-electric integrated heating unit (6) that is provided with a bottom plate, an air inlet inner pipe, an electric heater, a catalyst layer and a shell. The bottom plate is provided with an air intake pipe (7) and an air outlet pipe (8). An end of the air intake inner pipe is connected with a reaction stack (5). An electric heater and the catalyst layer are respectively fixed an inner and an outer side of the inner pipe. The shell is made of heat conducting material. The heat generated by combustion of a stack tail gas is directly transmitted to a secondary heat exchanger (4) and the reaction stack. The catalyst in the catalyst layer is one or more of Copper (II) oxide (CuO), Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3) and Silver (I) oxide (Ag2O). Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power system for use in heavy-load freight vehicle field for electrokinetic replacement in traffic field. The system uses waste gas waste heat to primarily preheat the liquid fuel and air, thus avoiding waste caused by excessive heat input through the secondary heat exchanger, where the reaction stack and the integrated fuel-electric integrated heating unit are placed in the same closed insulating cavity, so that the heat generated by the combustion can be directly transmitted to the secondary exchanger and the reaction galvanic pile while realizing a compact design, thus ensuring sufficient energy supply. The drawing shows a structure schematic view of the compact SOFC power system.4secondary heat exchanger 5Reaction stack 6integrated fuel-electric integrated heating unit 7air intake pipe 8air outlet pipe HUAZHONG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYCN2022-05-072022-09-02H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
88
87CN115020717BCNCN202210578488ACN202210578488APreparation of proton-type ceramic fuel cell of direct ammonia fuel used in e.g. distributed energy supply, involves preparing nickel oxide and barium-zirconium-cerium-yttrium-ytterbium compound, electrolyte, and negative electrode ammoniaPreparation of proton-type ceramic fuel cell of direct ammonia fuel involves (s1) preparing nickel oxide and barium-zirconium-cerium-yttrium-ytterbium compound (I) as anode by phase inversion process, and preparing the nickel oxide and the compound (I) into an anode slurry, preparing graphite into graphite slurry, or preparing nickel oxide, the compound and the graphite into anode mixed slurry, molding the anode slurry, graphite slurry and the anode mixed slurry, soaking in water, and degreasing to obtain the anode, and (s2) preparing a transition layer on one side of the anode, preparing an electrolyte on one layer of the transition layer, and preparing a cathode on one side of the electrolyte to obtain a proton-type ceramic fuel cell. The mass ratio of the nickel oxide with respect to the compound (I) is 5.5-6.5:3-4.5, preferably 0.75-1.25:0.75-1.25. Preparation of proton-type ceramic fuel cell of direct ammonia fuel involves (s1) preparing nickel oxide and barium-zirconium-cerium-yttrium-ytterbium compound of formula: BaZr0.1 Ce0.7 Y0.1 Yb0.1 as anode by phase inversion process, and preparing the nickel oxide and the compound (I) into an anode slurry, preparing graphite into graphite slurry, or preparing nickel oxide, the compound and the graphite into anode mixed slurry, molding the anode slurry, graphite slurry and the anode mixed slurry, soaking in water, and degreasing to obtain the anode, and (s2) preparing a transition layer on one side of the anode, preparing an electrolyte on one layer of the transition layer, and preparing a cathode on one side of the electrolyte to obtain a proton-type ceramic fuel cell. The mass ratio of the nickel oxide with respect to the compound (I) is 5.5-6.5:3-4.5, preferably 0.75-1.25:0.75-1.25. The material of the transition layer is nickel oxide and the compound (I). The material of the electrolyte is the compound (I). The material of the cathode is praseodymium-barium-strontium-cobalt-iron oxide of formula: PrBa0.5 Sr0.5 Co1.5 Fe0.5 O5+a (II), where a is oxygen vacancy.An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the proton-type ceramic fuel cell of direct ammonia fuel. Preparation of proton-type ceramic fuel cell of direct ammonia fuel used in distributed energy supply and heat and power cogeneration. The unique finger-like porous structure provides a perfect channel for fuel diffusion to the electrochemical active site in the electrode, which can effectively relieve the concentration polarization phenomenon so as to improve electrochemical performance. The method prepares the single battery with hierarchical porous structure positive electrode capable of making the fuel, product quickly reach or leave the reaction site, reducing the concentration polarization phenomenon. The catalyst layer is loaded on one side of the positive electrode, so that the proton-type ceramic fuel cell of ammonia fuel has good electrochemical activity and durability. Preferred Composition: The anode slurry comprises polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethersulfone and N-vinylpyrrolidone in the mass ratio of (0.1-0.3):1:(5-7). The mass ratio of the nickel oxide with respect to polyvinylpyrrolidone is (10-20):(0.1-0.3). The mass ratio of the nickel oxide with respect to graphite is (5-8):1. The mass ratio of the graphite with respect to total content of polyvinylpyrrolidone to polyether sulfone to N-vinylpyrrolidone in the graphite slurry is (2-3):(0.2-0.3):1:(5-8). The mass ratio of the graphite with respect to total content of the polyvinylpyrrolidone and the polyether sulfone is (1-3):(0.1-0.3):1. The mass ratio of the nickel oxide with respect to the graphite is (3-5):1. The mass ratio of the polyether sulfone with respect to the N-vinylpyrrolidone is 1:(5-7).SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYCN2022-05-252023-09-26H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
89
88CN115172798ACNCN202210727769ACN202210727769ASolid oxide fuel cell-direct current combined cycle system, has pulse detonation tube selecting natural gas/ammonia as fuel, where generated waste gas is connected to system and turbine through pipelineSOFC-PDC combined cycle system comprises a pulse detonation tube (8) and a SOFC system (13). The pulse detonating tube selects natural gas/ammonia as fuel. The generated waste gas is connected to the SOFC (13) system and the turbine (3) through the pipeline. The positive electrode gas waste heat is used for preheating fuel and/or air to provide heat for reforming reaction. The outlet discharge temperature is 700?? C to 900?? C of the cathode gas. The reformer (12) is used to perform the reforming reaction, and the inlet is capable of receiving water steam or processed fuel, the outlet flow is to SOFC anode. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for the control method of the SOFC-PDC combined cycle system. Solid oxide fuel cell-direct current combined cycle system. The system has fast combustion, large thrust, small volume, fast response, high efficiency of coupling cell, greatly improves the fuel utilization rate of the system, dynamic property, flexibility and environment adaptability. The drawing shows a schematic diagram of a solid oxide fuel cell-direct current combined cycle system (Drawing includes non-English language text).2Compressor 3Turbine 4First pre-heater 5Overheater 7Condenser 8Pdc 9First air valve 10Mixer 11Second compressor 12Reformer 13Sofc system 14Second air valve TIANJIN UNIVERSITYCN2022-06-242022-10-11H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
90
89CN115172801ACNCN202210869450ACN202210869450ASolid oxide fuel cell and photo-thermal utilization integrated system has power generation unit, which is provided with steam turbine, and generator, which is driven by steam turbine to output electric energy, and ammonia tank, which stores ammoniaThe system has a power generation unit, which is provided with a steam turbine. A generator, which is driven by the steam turbine to output electric energy. A condenser, which is connected with the steam turbine. A molten salt heat storage tank, which is connected with a water pump and steam turbine. The molten salt heat storage tank, the steam turbine, the condenser and the water pump are connected by a pipeline sequentially form a generating unit loop. An ammonia tank, which stores ammonia. A natural gas tank, a fourth valve, a second compressor, a second heat exchanger and a second solid oxide fuel battery are connected to form a pipeline. A third compressor, a catalytic combustion heat exchange integrated device, a first solid oxide fuel cell and a second solid oxide fuel cell are sequentially connected to form a pipeline. The first solid oxide fuel cell, the second solid oxide fuel cell and catalytic combustion heat exchange integrated device are in parallel relationship. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a use method of solid oxide fuel cell and photo-thermal utilization integrated system. Used as solid oxide fuel cell and photo-thermal utilization integrated system. The system: has strong system coupling performance and high compactness and has high heat transfer efficiency and low energy consumption; utilizes catalytic combustion heat exchange integrated device, solid oxide fuel cell internal reforming technology, and single-tank molten salt heat storage, so that the occupied area of the system is greatly reduced while the system functions remain unchanged and utilizes solar energy and fuel cell waste heat to generate power; and avoids uneven overall temperature distribution and excessive local temperature during high temperature operation; reduces the risk of battery failure. The drawing shows an integrated system diagram of the solid oxide fuel cell and photo-thermal utilization integrated system (Drawing includes non-English language text).XI'AN JIATONG UNIVERSITYCN2022-07-212022-10-11H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
91
90CN115320862ACNCN202211004886ACN202211004886AAmmonia fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicle power system comprises heat exchanger, fuel cell, reactor, air compressor, ammonia storage tank, turbine, generator, electric conversion mechanism, motor, main clutch, transmission and propellerThe system comprises a heat exchanger, a fuel cell, a reactor, an air compressor (13), an ammonia storage tank (12), a turbine, a generator (15), an electric conversion mechanism, a motor (17), a main clutch (18), a transmission and a propeller. The ammonia storage tank is connected with the air inlet of the compressor. The air outlet of the compressor is connected with the inlet of the reactor. The outlet of the reactor is connected with the inlet of the turbine. The outlet of the turbine is connected with the inlet of the anode cell. The outlet of the anode cell is connected with the inlet of the catalytic combustion zone of the periphery of the reactor. The main bus of the electric network is connected with the motor. The motor is connected with the main clutch. The main clutch is connected with the transmission. The transmission is connected with the propeller. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a working method of the ammonia fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicle power system. Ammonia fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicle power system for use in city management, emergency rescue and military combat applications. Can also be used in aircraft. The system: uses ammonia as system fuel, and fuel cell is the chemical energy into electric energy, no pollution; has no carbon emission; high temperature and high pressure gas, so it drives the turbine to do work gas without heating and pressurizing by the combustion chamber component; can reduce the weight of the machine body; is simple and compact type; provides the effective heat source; realizes the high-efficient utilization of energy. The drawing shows a schematic representation of the ammonia fuel cell unmanned aerial vehicle power system (Drawing includes non-English language text).1aFirst temperature sensor 1bSecond temperature sensor 1dFourth temperature sensor 3bSecond flow sensor 5Anode 6aFirst inverter 6bSecond inverter 7Rectifying device 8aFirst pressure sensor 8bSecond pressure sensor 10Catalytic combustion zone 11Storage battery 12Ammonia storage tank 13Air compressor 15Generator 16aFirst circuit breaker 16bSecond circuit breaker 17Motor 18Main clutch 19Transmission 20Propeller HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYCN2022-08-222022-11-11B64, F01, H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
92
91CN115377430ACNCN202210968938ACN202210968938AHighly active, durable direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell anode useful in preparing cell, comprises cerium(IV) oxide-delta nanoparticles supported on nickel-yttria-stabilized zirconia anode of direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cellHighly active, durable direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell anode, comprises cerium(IV) oxide-δ nanoparticles supported on the nickel-yttria-stabilized zirconia anode of the direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell. The direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell uses ammonia as fuel, the nickel-yttria-stabilized zirconia anode has a finger-type through-hole structure, mainly composed of nickel oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia, where yttria-stabilized zirconia is 8 mol.% yttrium oxide stabilized zirconium dioxide, and δ in cerium(IV) oxide-δ represents the content of oxygen vacancies. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for:preparing highly active, durable direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell anode;highly active, durable direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell; andpreparing highly active, durable direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell. The highly active, durable direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell anode is useful in preparing high activity and durable direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell (claimed). The method has simple technique, low cost, easy operation and so characteristics. It solves the problem that the ammonia gas has bad decomposition activity in the inside of the anode and the fast attenuation of the performance of the battery anode caused by the ammonia poisoning, the method successfully attaches large amount of cesium dioxide-8 nanoparticles on the surface of the Ni-YSZ porous anode. The ammonia catalytic decomposition decomposition and stability of Ni -YSZ anode are greatly improved. The anode technique is simple, the cost is low, and it can be widely applied to direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell field. Preferred Components: The preparation method utilizes nickel oxide, yttria-stabilized zirconia, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethersulfone and 1-methyl-2-enpyrrolidone, catalyst solution and graphite. The catalyst solution is an aqueous solution of cerium nitrate. The ammonia solid oxide fuel cell comprises functional layer composed of nickel oxide and yttria-stabilized zirconia, barrier layer which is a GDC barrier layer composed of 10 mol.% gadolinium oxide doped cerium(IV) oxide. The cathode is double perovskite oxide PrBa0.8 Ca0.2 Co2 O6-δ . The preparation method of ammonia solid oxide fuel cell utilizes dispersant polyvinyl butyral and ethanol, ethyl cellulose, terpineol and acetone, praseodymium(III) nitrate hexahydrate, barium nitrate, calcium nitrate tetrahydrate, cobalt(II) nitrate hexahydrate, glycine and citric acid monohydrate.SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGYCN2022-08-122022-11-22H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
93
92CN115799581ACNCN202111062919ACN202111062919ADirect methanol dry reforming power generation method based on solid oxide fuel cell used in e.g. hydrogen fuel cell, comprises introducing hydrogen into anode layer, introducing air to cathode, and switching fuel of anode, taking carbon dioxide as carrier gas, inputting methanol steam into anodeThe method involves heating the solid oxide fuel cell to 700-850℃, introducing hydrogen into the anode layer, introducing air to the cathode, after the anode is reduced to open-circuit voltage above 1.0 V and stabilized, stopping the hydrogen flow, and switching the fuel of the anode, taking carbon dioxide as carrier gas, inputting the methanol steam into the anode, controlling the temperature of the pipe at 158-163℃, where the mol ratio of carbon dioxide/methanol is 1.5-2.5 and dry reforming to obtain the mixed gas of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, water and carbon dioxide. The method for direct methanol dry reforming power generation based on solid oxide fuel cell is used in hydrogen fuel cell, ammonia fuel cell and hydrocarbon fuel. The method avoids the direct introduction of water by controlling the proportion of carbon dioxide and methanol, which can avoid carbon deposition, and slow the nickel agglomeration anode, prolongs the service life of the battery and realizes the solid oxide fuel cell long-term stable power generation.CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE | ZHEJIANG IND DEV RES INST CO LTDCN 2021-09-102023-03-14H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
94
93CN115821303ACNCN202310029881ACN202310029881ARenewable hydrogen ammonia energy storage system coupled with solid oxide fuel cell, comprises proton exchange membrane electrolyzer for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen, and sub-system for cryogenic air separation for producing nitrogen and synthesizing ammoniaRenewable hydrogen ammonia energy storage system coupled with solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), comprises a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer for electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen, a sub-system for cryogenic air separation for producing nitrogen, and a process for synthesizing ammonia. The energy release part comprises solid oxide ammonia fuel cell process. The energy storage department takes power generation equipment to abandon electricity to perform electrolysis of water to produce hydrogen as its start-up phase. The energy release process of the energy release part uses the ammonia prepared by the energy storage part as fuel to drive the fuel cell to work to release electric energy. Renewable hydrogen ammonia energy storage system coupled with solid oxide fuel cell is useful in solar photovoltaic system and power generation system. The system realizes the environment-friendly storage and transportation of electricity discarded by power generation equipment, realizes the high-efficiency conversion of energy from electricity to electricity, and be used for efficient output of liquid ammonia, electric energy, and pure oxygen as a by-product. The drawing shows a flow chart of renewable hydrogen ammonia energy storage system coupled with solid oxide fuel cell.UNIV FUZHOUCN2023-01-092023-03-21C25, C01, H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
95
94CN115939468ACNCN202211680356ACN202211680356AHigh-efficiency marine ammonia fuel solid-oxide fuel cell power generating device for replacing fossil fuel in energy power device, has solid-oxide fuel cell battery module provided with anode air inlet, anode tail gas outlet, cathode air inlet, cathode tail gas outlet, and air intake assemblyThe device has a liquid ammonia storage tank (1). A catalytic combustion cracking integrated device (4) has a catalytic ammonia decomposer, and a Solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) tail gas catalytic burner set around the catalytic ammonia decomposer. The catalytic ammonia decomposer and SOFC tail gas catalytic burner form both heat exchange spaces. The device has an ejector (5). A SOFC battery module (6) has an anode air inlet, an anode tail gas outlet, a cathode air inlet, a cathode tail gas outlet, an air intake assembly, and a mixer (11). The liquid ammonia storage tank is sequentially connected to the anode air inlet of the catalytic ammonia decomposer, ejector and SOFC battery module. The air inlet assembly is connected to the cathode inlet. The anode tail gas outlet and the cathode tail gas outlet are both connected to the mixer, and returned to connect SOFC tail gas catalytic burner. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a high-efficiency marine ammonia fuel SOFC power generating method. High-efficiency marine ammonia fuel SOFC power generating device for replacing fossil fuel in energy power device. The device can reduce the power generating system space occupation, reduce the heat loss between the system components, and improve the system efficiency, so that the system is efficient and compact, the performance is reliable, the efficiency is high and the cost is low, it is easy to realize miniaturization, practicability, and can be used under the condition that the ship body is limited. The system can realize power generating under the conditions of less external power input and using integrated decomposer to effectively improve the efficiency, fully using the waste heat gas and not completely reacted hydrogen, reducing the space occupancy rate and construction cost of the system, and fully utilizing the un-reacted hydrogen and waste heat cell module, and reducing the static pressure of the tail gas suction and mixing in the mixing chamber. The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the process device of high-efficiency marine ammonia fuel SOFC power generating device for replacing fossil fuel in energy power device (Drawing includes non-English language text).1Liquid ammonia storage tank 4Catalytic combustion cracking integrated device 5Ejector 6SOFC battery module 11Mixer SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITYCN2022-12-262023-04-07H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
96
95CN116130685ACNCN202310186486ACN202310186486ADirect ammonia solid oxide fuel cell pyrochlore samarium stannate-based composite anode material comprises pyrochlore samarium stannate-based oxide and solid electrolyteDirect ammonia solid oxide fuel cell pyrochlore samarium stannate-based composite anode material comprises pyrochlore samarium stannate-based oxide and solid electrolyte. The nickel salt is nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel nitrate, and/or nickel acetate. The tin salt is tin tetrachloride pentahydrate, stannous sulfate, and/or tin methanesulfonate. The organic solvent is ethanol, acetone, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, and/or toluene. The alkali solution is sodium hydroxide, urea, ammonia water, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and/or sodium bicarbonate solution. Direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell pyrochlore samarium stannate-based composite anode material comprises 40-90% pyrochlore samarium stannate-based oxide Sm2-x Srx Sn2-y Niy O7+δ and 10-60% solid electrolyte, where x is 0-0.2, y is 0-0.25, and δ is 0-1. The anode material is useful in portable power supply and mobile power supply. The anode material has high electrical conductivity at medium and low temperatures, good performance and good stability. Preferred Components: The solid electrolyte material is zirconium dioxide, La0.8Sr0.2 Ga0.8 Mg0.2 O3-δ , and/or BaZr0.1 Ce0.7 Y0.2 O2 stabilized by doping 5-10 mol.% yttrium oxideUNIV FUZHOUCN2023-03-022023-05-16H01, C01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
97
96CN116207309ACNCN202310355593ACN202310355593ASolid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power generation device for ammonia fuel ship, has catalytic combustion ammonia cracker provided with catalytic ammonia decomposition reaction tube and SOFC tail gas catalytic combustion reaction tubeThe device has a liquid ammonia storage tank (1), a catalytic combustion ammonia cracker (4), and a SOFC battery module (6). The catalytic combustion ammonia cracker is provided with a catalytic ammonia decomposition reaction tube (401) and an SOFC tail gas catalytic combustion reaction tube (402). The catalytic ammonia decomposition reactor is used for ammonia decomposing hydrogen production reaction. The feeding end is connected with the liquid ammonia tank. The discharging end of the SOFC is connected to the anode outlet of the battery module. The outlet cathode is connected. The reaction heat is transmitted to the catalyst through the sleeve pipe structure. Ammonia fuel marine solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power generation device for use in a marine SOFC power generation system. The ammonia fuel marine SOFC power generation device has high efficient ammonia decomposition function, and is efficient and compact. The performance of the device is reliable, the efficiency is high and the cost is low. The device is easy to realize miniaturization, practicability, and can be used under the condition that the ship body is limited in space. The drawing shows a schematic diagram of the ammonia fuel marine SOFC power generating device with high-efficiency ammonia decomposing device (Drawing includes non-English language text).1Liquid ammonia storage tank 2Ammonia discharge valve 3Ammonia feeding heat exchanger 5Injector 6Sofc battery module 7Ejector low-pressure feeding valve 8Three-way valve 9Air filter 10Air compressor 11Tail gas mixer 12Negative electrode feeding heat exchanger 13Transformer 14Distributor 15Power system 16Life electric system 17Energy storage system SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITYCN2023-04-062023-06-02H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
98
97CN116215916ACNCN202310312938ACN202310312938AAircraft power device for ammonia fuel cell, has ammonia supply system for storing liquid ammonia, and power output system provided with electronic speed regulator, motor and propeller for providing power to maintain flight of aircraftThe device has an ammonia supply system for storing liquid ammonia, and for converting liquid ammonia into ammonia gas. An external air system is connected with a fuel cell system (15) for providing oxidant for electrochemical reaction of the fuel cell system such that ammonia gas and oxidant reacts in the fuel cell system to generate electric energy. A power output end of the fuel cell system is electrically connected with a control system. The control system controls the fuel cell system and power output management, where a power output system is independent from the control system. The power output system is provided with an electronic speed regulator (17), a motor (18), and a propeller (19) for providing power to maintain flight of an aircraft, where the fuel cell is selected as a solid oxide fuel cell. Aircraft power device for ammonia fuel cell. Uses include but are not limited to long-distance reconnaissance aircraft, reconnaissance unmanned aerial vehicle, civil aviation, logistics transportation aviation, pipeline inspection, public security management and disaster relief. The device realizes heating of solid oxide fuel cell by using ammonia fuel stored in the aircraft, reduces total weight, and realizes uniform temperature and heating rate of each region of the associated fuel cell and the control mode of the reaction gas flow, avoids electric stack structure damage by heat stress of the balance. The device fully utilizes tail gas waste heat by each link, integrally improves fuel utilization rate and energy conversion efficiency. The drawing shows a circuit diagram of an aircraft power device for ammonia fuel cell (Drawing includes non-English language text).2aLiquid ammonia valve 2bCombustion ammonia valve 2cMixing ammonia valve 2dMixing air valve 3Liquid ammonia pump 4bLiquid ammonia heating flow path 6Lifting temperature gas distributor 10Lifting temperature gas collector 11Burner 12Waste gas turbine 13Air compressor 14Tail gas processor 15Fuel cell management system 16Energy storage battery 17Electronic speed governor 18Driving motor 19Propeller 20Air compressor driving motor UNIV CHONGQING JIAOTONGCN2023-03-282023-06-06B64, H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
99
98CN116230995ACNCN202310381086ACN202310381086ASolid oxide fuel cell and proton exchange membrane fuel cell combined system of direct ammonia fuel comprises third heat exchanger whose inlet is connected with second outlet of vaporizer, condenser sequentially connected with ammonia removing device and anode exchange membrane fuel cellThe system comprises a liquid ammonia tank (1), a solid oxide fuel cell, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, a burner, a condenser (15), an ammonia removing device, a vaporizer (3), a first heat exchanger (4), a second heat exchanger (8) and a third heat exchanger. The liquid ammonia tank is connected with the first inlet of the carburettor. The first inlet of the first heat exchanger is connected with the first outlet of the vaporizer. The first outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with the inlet anode of the solid oxide fuel cell. The inlet of the third heat exchanger is connected with the second outlet of the vaporizer. The outlet of the third heat exchanger is connected with the condenser. The condenser is sequentially connected with the ammonia removing device and anode exchange membrane fuel cell. The cathode inlet of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is fed with air cathode. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is also included for a method for working solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) combined system of direct ammonia fuel. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) combined system of direct ammonia fuel. The system: can form a cyclic utilization, has low energy consumption and high system utilization rate; combines the solid oxide fuel cell with the proton exchange membrane fuel cell; can fully use the advantages of the two fuel cells; and can realize the zero carbon emission by using ammonia as fuel. The drawing shows a schematic view of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) combined system of direct ammonia fuel (Drawing includes non-English language text).1Liquid ammonia tank 2Pressure valve 3Vaporizer 4First heat exchanger 8Second heat exchanger 10Pressure pump i 11Air tank i 12Burner 13Discharge port 14Heat exchanger iii 15Condenser 17Removing ammonia device 18Control valve ii 19Inlet 20Inlet cathode 21Pressure pump ii 22Air tank ii 23Anode outlet UNIV DALIAN MARITIMECN2023-04-112023-06-06H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido
100
99CN116454318ACNCN202310345352ACN202310345352AFuel cell power generation device for ammonia fuel solid oxide fuel cell, has heat exchanger that connected with ammonia gas inlet, tail gas outlet and air inlet end of air passage, and performs heat exchange between tail gas and air input to air passage and ammonia gas input to ammonia crackerThe power generation device has an electric stack including an anode side (11) having a gas passage and a cathode side (12) having an air passage. An ammonia cracker (2) comprises an ammonia gas inlet and a gas outlet. The ammonia gas inlet is used for connecting with an ammonia gas source (200). The gas outlet is connected with a gas inlet end of the gas passage. The ammonia cracker is used for heating to crack the ammonia gas into hydrogen and nitrogen. The hydrogen and nitrogen are input to a fuel gas channel from the fuel gas outlet. The ammonia cracker is attached to a catalytic burner (3) such that the heat generated by the catalytic burner is directly transferred to the ammonia cracker. A heat exchanger (4) is connected with the ammonia gas inlet, the tail gas outlet and the air inlet end of the air passage. The heat exchanger is used for performing heat exchange between the tail gas and the air input to the air passage and the ammonia gas input to the ammonia cracker. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for an ammonia fuel solid oxide fuel cell. Fuel cell power generation device for ammonia fuel solid oxide fuel cell (claimed). The fuel cell power generation device has high combustion efficiency, does not generate carbon, the sulfur gas reduces the discharge of the polluted gas, and supplies heat for the ammonia cracker and the ammonia gas by the catalytic burner and the heat exchanger, reduces the heat energy loss, so that the ammonia cracking does not need external heat source, and the stable operation of the whole device is ensured by heat exchange. The drawing shows a schematic view of the fuel cell power generation device.2Ammonia cracker 3Catalytic burner 4Heat exchanger 11Anode side 12Cathode side 200Ammonia gas source 300Air source WUHAN MARINE MACHINERY PLANT CO LTD | WUHAN HYDROGEN ENERGY & FUEL CELL INDCN 2023-03-312023-07-18H01Celda de Combustible Óxido Sólido