King Henry VII of England to unknown recipient, Tower of London, January 11, 1497

Henry was the son of Edmund Tudor, the 1st Earl of Richmond. In order to claim the English throne, he went to war against Richard III and defeated him at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, ending the Wars of the Roses that had lasted for the previous 30 years. This letter is a warrant to deliver a pair of satin shoes with velvet lining to the king.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Jonathan Trumbull to the Honorable Committee of the Pays Table at Hartford, Lebanon, CT, April 27, 1757

Jonathan Trumbull was both a colonial and state governor of Connecticut. This letter was written during the French and Indian War, before Trumbull became governor. Trumbull writes to the Committee of the Pay Table concerning receipts for weapons. He mentions Captain Israel Putnam, a member of Roger's Rangers, a group that specialized in gathering intelligence.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Henry Clinton to Rear Admiral Graves, New York, August 29, 1781

Henry Clinton was an important British military officer in the Revolutionary War. He fought at Bunker Hill and when General Howe resigned in 1777, Clinton was appointed to replace him as Commander-in-Chief of the Army in North America. After the war, he was re-elected to a position in Parliament. He was later appointed Governor of Gibraltar, but he died before he was able to take the position. In this letter to Rear-Admiral Thomas Graves, who was Commander-in-Chief of the North American Squadron in 1881, he writes about troop movements, and asks him to direct the 6th Regiment, currently on board a ship, to be landed to assist the army.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Philip Schuyler to Stephen Van Rensselaer, New York, October 1, 1786

In this letter Schuyler writes to Rensselaer about local government. He was a captain in the French and Indian Wars and a general in the American Revolution, and was a New York senator to the first U.S. Congress. Rensselaer would also have a path in politics, becoming a state senator and Lieutenant Governor of New York. In the War of 1812, he commanded the American defeat at the Battle of Queenston Heights.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Benjamin Franklin to David Rittenhouse, Esq., Philadelphia, PA, October 9, 1787

Benjamin Franklin sent this notice to the treasurer of Pennsylvania during the period when Franklin served as governor. He requested thirty pounds be paid to Henry McCormick for information he provided on disturbances in Lucerne County.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Anna Seward to a Mr. Cadell, Lichfield, November 10, 1791

In her letter to Mr. Cadill, Anna Seward, an English poet, expresses hope for the publication of her poems, the cost of which would otherwise be prohibitive. Seward wrote mainly sonnets and elegies about people from her hometown of Lichfield, England, and was friends with Erasmus Darwin, grandfather of evolutionary biologist Charles Darwin.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Henry Knox to a friend, Philadelphia, PA, January 5, 1793

Henry Knox was an artillery officer in the Revolutionary War, and later became the first Secretary of War. In this letter he writes to a friend concerning a legal issue, saying that the woman they are discussing has "no legal claim" but that he still hopes to settle with her. He may be referring to a land dispute. Near the end of his life, Knox entered into many business ventures to try to expand his fortune.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Charlotte Smith to a Mr. Cadell, March 31, 1793

Charlotte Smith was a British poet and author who entered an unhappy and abusive marriage at a young age because of her father's debts. She left her husband in 1787 after being married for twenty-two years. Her writings often reflect the plight of women. Smith also boldly signed her works with her own name, rather than using a penname at a time when it was considered inappropriate for female authors to be published. Here, Smith communicates with Mr. [Thomas] Cadell, her publisher, about the status of her work in progress. She complains that banks are reluctant to issue credit unless the work is completed and that she would have to vacate her home because she had no money. She is asking Cadell to extend credit toward the publication of her works, but will not blame him if he does not.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Patent of Confirmation signed by Arthur St. Clair, September 17, 1796

This document signifies a deed of land to the heirs of David Guise in Randolph, Ohio. The document is signed by Arthur St. Clair, who was a Major General in the Continental Army during the American Revolution, and served as President of the Continental Congress in 1787. His term ended early when the Northwest Territory was formed out of the lands that later became Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois, and parts of Michigan and Wisconsin, and he was appointed governor of the Territory. During this time, he led the expedition against Miami and Shawnee in which Native American forces were vastly triumphant; the battle became known as St. Clair's Defeat.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

George Clinton to Samuel Moyce, Greenwich, NY, October 27, 1799

First governor of New York and soon-to-be Vice President of the United States, in this letter Clinton demanded money owed to him. He states that if payment is not received by the middle of December, measures will be taken to recover it.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Rufus Putnam to Dudley Woodbridge via George Simpson, Marietta, OH, June 20, 1801.

A general in the Revolutionary War and instrumental to the settling of the Northwest Territory, Putnam drafted this document instructing the cashier of the Bank of the United States to pay Dudley Woodbridge for his governmental service. Woodbridge responds five days later, asking that it be paid to Harvey Worth.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

James Madison to Robert R. Livingston, Esq., Department of State, Washington, D.C., February 23, 1803.

James Madison, at the time Secretary of State, wrote to U.S. Minister to France Livingston regarding concerns in the United States� relations with the French government. These concerns included the need for more rights in the Southwestern states, and the unfavorable French navigation laws. Madison encourages Livingston to work with his French representatives in creating a mutually beneficial relationship with the United States.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Aaron Burr to unidentified recipient, unknown location, January 30, 1807

According to the date of the letter, at this time there was a warrant out for the arrest of the former Vice President of the United States on conspiracy charges, issued by President Jefferson. This letter, however, refers only to a request by Burr to an unidentified recipient for a twenty day furlough to be issued to a gentleman by the name of Dunbar. Burr is confident that Dunbar will conform to the terms of the agreement.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Henry John Temple (Viscount Palmerston) to Militia Commandant, April 2, 1812

Nicknamed "The Mongoose," Lord Palmerston served in office almost continuously from 1807 to 1865; the final post he held was that of Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. This letter from Lord Palmerston to the Commandant of the local militia is a request to send a statement to the War Office (Palmerston served as Secretary at War from 1809-1828) detailing the amount of the allowance for a regiment of a local militia for 1808-1811.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Thomas Jefferson, proclamation, unknown location, December 31, 1816

Thomas Jefferson declared his appointment of John Barnes as his attorney and gives Barnes the authority to transfer all of his stock in both the United States and Bank of Columbia to Thaddeus Kosciwzko, an American general, Polish patriot, and friend of Jefferson�s. There is no indication as to why Jefferson was transferring his financial assets to Kosciwzko, though the latter had also involved Jefferson in his own financial dealings, naming him executor of his will upon his death, which took place one year later.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

John Quincy Adams to Jeremy Robinson, Department of State, Washington, D.C.,

As Secretary of State, Adams sent this letter to Robinson, an �agent of the United States,� in response to the latter�s request for a new certificate of appointment and passport before he left for South America. Robinson was unsure if it was wise to make the request as Adams had only just filled the position of Secretary of State and to do so may have been an inconvenience. Adams instructs Robinson to present the letter to Captain Biddle when he reached New York, should it be necessary.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Arthur Wellesley (Duke of Wellington) to Mr. Lloyd, London, England, June 2, 1819

Although there were other men who held the title Duke of Wellington, Arthur Wellesley-the first Duke-is perhaps the most famous of all because of his victory over Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo. This letter (written by the Duke's secretary) sends the Duke's good wishes to Lloyd and the members of an unnamed society who wish for him to be the patron of said society. The Duke, however, declines, apparently feeling that accepting such a position would imply vanity on his part.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Land deed signed by James Monroe, May 23, 1822

This deed is signed by James Monroe, the fifth president of the United States. The deed is to state that Ephraim Cutler purchased one hundred sixty acres of land in Marietta, Ohio.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

John Randolph of Roanoke to Fish, Grinnell, & Co., Washington, D.C., April 1, 1825

John Randolph was a Congressman from Virginia between 1799 and 1833, and also served a term as Minister to Russia. He came from a long line of aristocratic planters, but upon his death he freed his slaves and provided them land in Southern Ohio. Here, Randolph writes Fish, Grinnell, & Co., a shipping company, concerning an order of books.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Henry John Temple (Viscount Palmerston) to unknown recipient, Hampshire, England, February 3, 1826

This short letter acknowledges receipt of a letter and enclosure from an unknown recipient.

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http://www.utoledo.edu/library/virtualexhibitions/llvx/imgs/cc-llvx-7for_LordPalmerston2.jpg

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Marquis de Lafayette to the Duke of Bedford, Paris, April 17, 1826

Letter in French: Lafayette writes to the Duke of Bedford introducing the Baron Bastareche, distinguished young member of the Chamber of Deputies. Lafayette was well-known in American history as the Major General from France who assisted in the American Revolution, fighting at battles such as Brandywine and Yorktown. He also fought for liberty in France as the leader of la Guarda Nationale (the French National Guard) in the French R�volution.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Harrison Gray to Joshua Gray, North Yarmouth, Massachusetts, October 29, 1827

In this letter written to his parents, Gray, a sailor, describes the difficult weather his ship encountered in the gulf, including a hurricane. He also notes that, "We are going to Norfolk to load with slaves for Jamica and we dont wether we shall go to Cuba to load for New York or whether they will discharge us then."

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

James Buchanan to Thomas Elder, Esq., Washington D.C., December 13, 1827

During his tenure in Congress, Buchanan sent this letter to Thomas Elder requesting that he bring Buchanan up to date on a claim made by W. Whittlesey.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Land deed signed by Andrew Jackson, April 1, 1831

This deed is signed by Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States. It confirms that the holder, Allen C. Tindall, has purchased land in St. Louis, Missouri.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

William Howley to unknown recipient, Lambeth Palace, London, England, June 20, 1839

Howley was a clergyman who served as the Archbishop of Canterbury (the leader of the Church of England) from 1828-1848. Writing from his official residence at Lambeth Palace, the Archbishop mentions that the Bishop of Winchester is on his way to a church consecration, and requests that the unknown recipient of this letter meet him.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Martin Van Buren, official order, Washington, D.C., June 16, 1840

The eighth President of the United States signed this order authorizing the Secretary of State to remit the fine in the case of Seneca Higgins, whose offense is not indicated.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

John Tyler, official order, Washington, D.C., March 21, 1843

Tyler signed this order to appoint Arthur Otis as midshipman of the United States Navy.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Daniel Webster to Richard Smith, Boston, MA, August 29, 1843.

In this letter, Daniel Webster, senator from Massachusetts, asks Richard Smith to join him in New York for a day or two during his time away from Boston the following September. He concludes the letter with a request to know if Smith can meet with him.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Salmon P. Chase to Robert F. Paine, Cincinnati, OH, March 4, 1845

Prior to his positions as a United States Senator, Ohio governor, Secretary of the Treasury, and 6th Chief Justice of the United States, Salmon P. Chase led the Liberty Party. In this letter, Chase forwards a copy of an article in support of the Habeas Corpus amendment to Paine, who at the time was serving a term in the Ohio House of Representatives. Chase was confident that the bill would pass. He asks Paine to inform him of the outcome.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

S.H. and David L. MCord to J.W. Warren, unknown location, January 19, 1846

In this contract, the MCords agree to hire two slaves, Davy and Queen, and to pay $100 to J.W. Warren (presumably their owner). They also agree to supply clothes for them and to pay their taxes for the year of 1846. It was common for the owners of slaves to "hire" them to other people for profit.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Lydia H. Sigourney to Mary Skinner, Hartford, CT, March 8, 1848

Lydia Sigourney was an American poet whose works were often written to appeal to young women and feminine ideals. She was a popular writer in her lifetime, but much of her fame has faded (although one of her poems was recently set to music by Natalie Merchant for the album Leave Your Sleep.) In her letter, Lydia Sigourney thanks Mrs. Skinner for the enclosed autographs. She makes reference to the epistolary style of Lady Mary Wortley Montague to describe Mrs. Skinner's writing style.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Check signed by Henry Clay, Lexington, KY, May 12, 1849

This check for $11,467 was signed by Henry Clay. Clay was an important 19th century politician, serving as both a Representative and Senator from Kentucky, Speaker of the House, and Secretary of State. He was known for negotiating compromises between the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans, and later between the Democrats and the Whigs. The check is also signed by Leslie Combs, who was a state politician and lawyer in Kentucky and fought at the River Raisin and Fort Meigs in the War of 1812.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Certificate of Appointment signed by Millard Fillmore, August 29, 1850

This certificate indicates that John D. Whitford has been appointed as collector of customs for the District of Newbern, North Carolina. It is signed by Millard Fillmore, the thirteenth president of the United States.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Elisha Whittlesey to Charles Lanman, Canfield, OH, August 9th, 1858

Whittlesey describes his life before he was appointed aide-de-camp Elijah Wadsworth in the 4th Ohio Militia and later promotion to Brigadier General in the War of 1812. He does not describe the campaigns of the Ohio Militia, as he says he plans on publishing a book later.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Belle to Matilda, place unknown, Friday,[date unknown,] May 1862

A personal but nearly universal commentary about the pain of men going off to war-in this case, the Civil War. Belle informs Matilda, "George has enlisted and gone to war he went this morning at six o'clock we all cried and bid him good by and he almost cried to."

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Wilkie Collins to [illegible], Broadstairs, Kent, England, July 29, 1862

In this letter, author Wilkie Collins writes to discuss the publication of his book No Name. In the letter, Collins offers specifics regarding copyright and binding of the book, as well as potential distribution dates.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

John Burroughs, handwritten stanza from �Waiting,� first written in November, 1862

The significance of this piece is the signature of John Burroughs, an essayist and naturalist who was crucial to the development of the U.S. conservation movement. The stanza of poetry that accompanies his signature is from �Waiting,� which was originally published in 1863. Years later, in an essay, �What Makes a Poem,� he asserts that �Waiting� is his nearest approach to a true poem.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Louis Agassiz to G. B. Emerson, dated Wednesday, January 14, 1863, unknown location

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Correspondence between Daniel and James Rock, Camp Graham, near Washington, DC, January 31, 1863

This letter is part of a series of letters exchanged between two brothers, Daniel and James Rock, soldiers who served in the Civil War. In this letter, one brother responds to the other in reaction to the news of their younger sister's death. He believes it was God'swill and if they live right, they will meet her again in Heaven. He goes on to say that he will try his best, but that the Army is the worst place to be and he prays the war will be over soon. He also acknowledges that much death has occurred in their hometown due to sickness, though none have fallen in his Company.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Cousin "Blossom" to Rev. Daniel W. Smith, Gettysburg, PA, June 19, 1863

Written to the author's cousin in Findlay, Ohio, weeks before the battle of Gettysburg, this letter states that Confederate forces are moving into the area, but expresses some sympathy with the Confederates. "I am happy this beautiful morning to write you a few lines, although my strength almost fails me. We are in the midst of dreadful excitement and intense commotion, yet I, for my own part, have had too much experience in this kind of excitement to be affected much by it,--but some of these big-mouthed 'union-loving,' 'loyal' people here are almost frantic and half-frightened to death by the presence of a few Rebs. Invading Penn. Oh, that they would only come and carry a few of them off as booty. Old Thad. Stevens, the old 'red-mouthed abolitionist' is here."

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Jesse Waltner to his wife, Tullahoma, TN, April 5, 1864

This Civil War soldier, fighting for the North, wrote this letter to his wife before his unit was set to march to Chattanooga, a 90-mile trip they would make on foot. Despite discussing the war and the prospects for it ending soon, and expressing confidence that the North would fight Atlanta into the Gulf, Waltner is more insistent on encouraging his wife to write him every day, as it "is all the pleasure I have since we left home."

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Priscilla Brown to William Brown, Bremen (state unknown), February 12, 1865

Priscilla Brown writes to her husband William who was serving on a Union steamer in the Civil War. "Pricill", as she signs her letter, is at home dealing with several sick family members. First their daughter Lucy was ill with diphtheria, and then her brother Charles became ill. She also writes that her father has been feeble that winter, so she had not had anyone to help her around the house, not even to sit up at night with sick children.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Noah H. Swayne to Charles Lanman, Washington, D.C., February 25, 1865

Noah Swayne was the first Republican appointed as a justice to the U.S. Supreme Court and figured in the boundary dispute between Ohio and the Michigan Territory known as the Toledo War (as a member of the delegation that travelled from Ohio to Washington, D.C. to present Ohio�s case to President Andrew Jackson). Later, he became one of only two dissenters in the Dred Scott case that declared the legality of slavery. These letters concern the addition of Swayne�s biography to Charles Lanman�s dictionary. Lanman served as librarian for the U.S. War Department, U.S. House of Representatives, and the Washington, D.C. Library. He also collected biographical information for his Dictionary of the United States Congress, later known as the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Louis Agassiz to William H. Maher, Nahant, MA, August 23, 1866

Louis Aggasiz was a Swiss geologist who advanced the methods of teaching natural sciences by focusing on field experience rather than studying published texts. He also studied fossilized fishes and the historical movements of glaciers. In this letter, Agassiz declines an invitation from William H. Maher.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

P.T. Barnum to William H. Maher, Bridgeport, CT, September 5, 1866

This letter from P.T. Barnum was written while Maher was president of the Young Men's Club in Windsor Locks, Connecticut, and is a response to Maher's request that Barnum give a lecture, presumably to the club. Barnum explains that he is engaged to lecture in the west until December but might possibly be available later that month or in February, and lists a fee of $100 (but does offer to pay his own expenses). Although best known as a showman and entertainer, as well as for founding what is now known as the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, Barnum was also involved in politics, serving in the Connecticut legislature in 1865 and as mayor of Bridgeport in 1875.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Cleanth Brooks to George Core, Northford, CT, February 10, 1873

Yale literary critic and professor Cleanth Brooks addresses George Core who, according to the letter, was preparing a chapter on Brooks for a book. Brooks apologizes for his delay in responding to an inquiry because of his excessive workload. He continues with gratitude over Core's defense of his work.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

William Cullen Bryant, New York, NY, April 4, 1874

William Cullen Bryant was a poet and the editor of the New York Evening Post. In this memorandum, he lists "Changes to be made for the Reading Room at Roslyn." He was likely referring to the public reading room he built in Roslyn, New York, which after his death became known as The Bryant Library.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Jefferson Davis to D.H. Maury, New Orleans, LA, May 20, 1876

The former President of the Confederate States of America wrote this letter to Confederate General Maury to decline the latter�s invitation to attend a reunion of soldiers. Davis was set to sail to England on a business matter and could not guarantee his return in time for the event.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Rutherford B. Hayes, signed pardon, Washington D.C., March 16, 1878

The 19th President of the United States, Rutherford B. Hayes pardoned Moritz Hempel, one of 893 people he pardoned, commuted, or rescinded convictions for during his term as president.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Samuel J. Tilden to Mr. Manning, Yonkers, NY, January 6, 1882.

Samuel Tilden was a member of the New York State Assembly in 1846, and later became famous for his involvement in the presidential election of 1876. Tilden ran as the Democratic candidate against Republican Rutherford B. Hayes and won the popular vote, but lost the election due to the decision of a specially-appointed electoral commission to award all disputed electoral votes to Hayes. This letter to a Mr. Manning was written after Tilden had retired from politics following his loss in 1876, and concerns a man named Ward Gregory. Tilden encourages Manning to show favor to Gregory, who ran a newspaper Tilden describes as �able, independent, effective, and true to principle.�

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Check from Robert Louis Stevenson, London, England, March 31, 1887

This is a check from Stevenson to Willis & Trantum. Stevenson was a Scottish writer who was famous for writing Treasure Island and The Strange Case of Doctor Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Rutherford B. Hayes to William H. Maher, Fremont, OH, September 2, 1887

Nearly eight years after his term as President of the United States ended, Hayes was elected to the Board of Members of Ohio State University. He sent this letter to William Maher to thank Maher for his comments regarding a talk Hayes had given. Hayes also asks about what other topics of discussion Maher would like to hear.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Oliver Wendell Holmes to William H. Maher, Boston, MA, February 28, 1889

Physician, professor, poet, and author, Holmes sent this letter to Maher describing the contents of the accompanying envelope: the best photo of himself that had ever been taken and a copy of the poem �Old Ironsides�. He describes the circumstances around the composition of the poem (which was about the proposal to scrap the USS Constitution) and its publication, though he cannot pinpoint the actual year, 1831 or 1832.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

William Henry Harrison Murray to Mrs. W.H. Maher, Guilford, CT, November 23, 1891

W.H.H. Murray was a Connecticut minister who also wrote a series of books and articles about the Adirondacks, leading to his nickname "Adirondack Murray." Murray's writings inspired many to visit the region; some 200 "Great Camps" (family compounds built and owned by the wealthy) were established within five years of the publishing of his first book, Camp-Life in the Adirondacks. Murray was an acquaintance of Mrs. Maher, and in this letter he expresses his regret that he was unable to visit her during the summer because he did not have her address at the time. He continues by describing his writing career, and asks her to suggest any literary or benevolent societies which may assist him in giving a reading tour. Murray concludes by hoping that such an engagement might be held in Toledo, giving him the opportunity to visit Maher as he had intended.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Release of Mortgage held by Jesup W. and Susan Scott, Toledo, OH, January 17, 1896.

Jesup Scott, author of Toledo: The Future Great City of the World and founder of what would become The University of Toledo, owned vast tracts of real estate in Toledo. This document, filed by his sons Frank, Maurice, and William nearly 20 years after Scott�s death, notes that a mortgage on some of that land had been paid in full. While Jesup Scott was more famous, his three sons all were prominent men. Frank became a nationally known landscape architect, Maurice became a wealthy land owner (and father of Florence Scott Libbey, wife of Edward Drummond Libbey) who owned the land where the Toledo Museum of Art is located, and William became a successful businessman who helped to create what became the Toledo-Lucas County Public Library.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Marcus A. Hanna to General Orr, Cleveland, OH, November 6, 1897

Hanna was a close advisor to President William McKinley, and managed McKinley's presidential campaigns. When John Sherman was appointed Secretary of State, Hanna was appointed to Sherman's seat, and was elected to the Senate in 1898 and 1904. Hanna was with McKinley in Buffalo, New York, when the president was assassinated, and oversaw the return of McKinley's body to his hometown of Canton, Ohio. Hanna was also an early supporter of the Panama Canal. This letter, written from Hanna's mining company in Cleveland, sends his regrets for being unable to attend a reception with Ohio Governor Asa Bushnell and his wife.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Asa S. Bushnell to Mrs. Orr, Springfield, OH, November 9, 1897

A Republican, Bushnell served as Ohio's 40th governor from 1896-1900. In office, he signed into law the Valentine Anti-Trust Act, one of the first efforts to break up monopolies that preceded the national Sherman Anti-Trust Act, written by Ohio's Senator John Sherman. In this letter, Bushnell thanks Mrs. Orr for her invitation extended to him and the members of his staff.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Ernest to Grace, Big Salmon River, Yukon Territory, January 20, 1898

Identified only as Ernest, the sender of this letter responds to Grace, who may be his sister. Ernest expresses hope that his venture in the Yukon will be successful and that he will be able to help his poor family and to finance Grace's wedding. He goes on to describe his time at the Big Salmon River, indicating that he and his group are preparing to leave the area and head to Dawson, hoping to travel 10 miles a day while hauling 500 pounds of supplies each. Ernest insists that, with temperatures regularly at 45 degrees below freezing and group infighting, the Yukon experience has been vastly overrated. He concludes the letter with observations about the relationships of the people in his hometown and well wishes.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Gustavus Ohlinger interview with Winston Churchill, January 9, 1901

Gustavus Ohlinger was Toledo lawyer. As a young law student at the University of Michigan, he interviewed Winston Churchill, who later became Prime Minister of England during World War II. Churchill begins by describing his experiences in the army.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Letters between Carl Joseph and Philip Nash, Toledo and various locations, 1943 to 1944

Carl Joseph was a troubled young man when he was admitted to the University of Toledo in 1941. He had been arrested several times for violent labor activities, and had been labeled a Communist. Some did not want him to be admitted to the university because of his past troubles. But UT President Philip Nash befriended Carl, and the two became friends, a friendship that continued after Joseph enlisted in World War II as a paratrooper. These letters describe Carl's experience in the war, and Nash's responses. Carl Joseph was killed on D-Day, June 6, 1945.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Gwendolyn Brooks, A Street in Bronzeville. New York: Harper, 1945. Signed by the author.

Gwendolyn Brooks published her first poem at age thirteen and three years later had compiled a portfolio of 75 published poems ranging in style from sonnets to free verse. At seventeen, she began submitting her poems to the African American newspaper Chicago Defender. A Street in Bronzeville was her first published book of poetry and was critically acclaimed. This copy was signed by Brooks for the University of Toledo.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Tennessee Williams, The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone. 1st ed. New York: New Directions, 1950. Signed by the author.

Thomas Lanier "Tennessee" Williams III was primarily a playwright, but also wrote novels, short stories, and memoirs. Many of his creations became plays, and some of his best known works (The Glass Menagerie, A Streetcar Named Desire, and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof) were adapted to film. This copy of the book signed by the author is one of only five hundred copies published.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

T. S. Eliot, Religious Drama: Mediaeval and Modern. New York: House of Books, 1954. Signed by the author.

T.S. Eliot's love of literature began during his childhood, when health problems prevented him from participating in many physical activities. He began writing poetry when he was fourteen and published his first poem in 1905. From there, he went on to write numerous poems, plays, nonfiction, and works of literary criticism. This copy of Religious Drama is one of three hundred numbered copies signed by the author.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Eudora Welty, The Ponder Heart. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1954. Signed by the author.

Eudora Welty was a Southern writer who became influential after the publication of A Curtain of Green, her first book of short stories. Her novel The Optimist's Daughter won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1973. The Ponder Heart is the story of a wealthy heir as told by his niece. The story was turned into Broadway play.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Langston Hughes, Famous Negro Music Makers. New York: Dodd, Mead & Company, 1955. Signed by the author.

Often associated with the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes wrote poetry, novels, short stories, plays, and children's books. Along with several of his contemporaries, Hughes's works depicted the lives of black people at the lower end of the economic spectrum. His book Famous Negro Music Makers was part of the Famous Biographies for Young People series of books. This copy was signed by Hughes and dedicated to Lucille E. Goodloe.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Harper Lee, To Kill a Mockingbird. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1960. Signed by the author.

Harper Lee's only book, To Kill a Mockingbird addressed racism as observed by Lee in her Alabama hometown. Her father once unsuccessfully defended two black men accused of murdering a white storekeeper. Although she did not expect the book to be a success, it eventually earned her the Presidential Medal of Freedom for her contribution to literature.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

William Faulkner, The Reivers. New York: Random House, 1962. Signed by the author.

Born in Oxford, Mississippi, Faulkner is one of the most important American writers of Southern literature. Although best known for his novels and short stories (among which are The Sound and the Fury and Absalom, Absalom!), he also wrote screenplays, essays, and poetry. His first work was published in 1919, but he did not receive much recognition until 1949, when he received the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Reivers was his last novel and won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction. This copy is one of five hundred of the first edition of The Reivers, each of which was signed and numbered by the author.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Jacqueline Kennedy, thank you card, unknown location, 1963

A printed card expressing gratitude from Mrs. Kennedy for mourners� condolences after the President�s assassination.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Photograph signed by Neil Armstrong

In 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon. After serving in the Navy during the Korean War, he joined the NASA Astronaut Corps in 1962, becoming command pilot of Gemini 8 four years later. The Apollo 11 moon landing was his second and final spaceflight. He resigned from NASA in 1971 and held a variety of careers over the next few decades: as a teacher in the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Cincinnati, a spaceflight accident investigator, a spokesman for various businesses, and even a voice actor. Unlike former astronaut John Glenn, Armstrong never had a career in politics and refused all offers to do so. This signed photograph was addressed to Dr. Glidden L. Brooks as thanks for his service as chairman of the 1970 Ohio State Cancer Crusade.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Jonas Salk, Man Unfolding. New York: Harper & Row, 1972. Signed by the author.

In 1955, Jonas Salk announced to the world that he had developed a vaccine to prevent polio. Together with Albert Sabin's oral vaccine, the disease has been eliminated throughout much of the world. In addition to his famous discovery, Salk wrote four books, of which Man Unfolding was his first. This copy is signed by Salk and addressed to Indian demographer Sripati Chandrasekhar.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Alice Walker, Revolutionary Petunias & Other Poems. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company Inc, 1973.

Alice Walker is a well-known poet and author, most notably of The Color Purple (1982). This book of poetry discusses the themes of love and revolution and is addressed to Herbert Woodward Martin, a poet and graduate of the University of Toledo, with thanks for his help in overcoming her fear of speaking in public.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Toni Morrison, Sula. London: Chatto & Windus, 1980. Signed by the author.

A native of Lorain, Ohio, some of Morrison's favorite authors were Jane Austen and Leo Tolstoy, and her writings were influenced by the folktales her father would tell her as a child. She began writing while a student at Howard University; one short story she presented to the poets' and writers' meetings she attended became The Bluest Eye, her first novel. Her novel Sula, first published in 1973, was nominated for the National Book Award in 1975. This first English edition copy of Sula was signed by Morrison "for Natalie."

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Maya Angelou, The Heart of a Woman. New York: Random House, 1981. Signed by the author.

A poet and author, Maya Angelou's literary career has spanned more than fifty years. In 1969, she wrote her first autobiography, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, which details her life from ages 3 to 17. The Heart of a Woman is the fourth of her six autobiographies and focuses on her life from 1957 to 1962, during time she raises her son, becomes a published author, and participates in the Civil Right Movement.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

E. J. Dionne, Our Divided Political Heart. New York: Bloomsbury, 2012. Signed by the author.

Eugene Joseph "E.J." Dionne is a journalist and an op-ed columnist for The Washington Post and the progressive Catholic opinion journal Commonweal who has also written several books on American politics. Our Divided Political Heart, his most recent work, discusses the difficulties that Americans have in agreeing with each other and makes the argument that hyper-individualism is tearing the country apart politically.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Jack London to Maher & Grosh Cutlery Company, Glen Ellen, CA, August 1, 1906

In this letter, author Jack London places an order with Maher and Grosh Cutlery Company, a Toledo company founded by William H. Maher and Emil Grosh. London explains that he will be using the items for trade when he takes a long cruise.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Brand Whitlock to William Maher, Toledo, OH, November 13, 1906

Mayor of Toledo between 1905 and 1911, and later an honored ambassador to Belgium, Brand Whitlock composed this letter to businessman William Maher, indicating that he had assigned Maher to a board of examiners to investigate the state of the city's Health Department. Whitlock expresses a desire "to make the Health Department as efficient and modern in every respect and as great a protection to the people of Toledo as possible."

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

William Dean Howells to Mr. Ely, Hotel----, January 12, 1907

William Dean Howells was an Ohio-born author and critic, known for his Realist style of writing. This letter to a Mr. Ely expresses Howells's thanks for asking his wife or daughter to attend a luncheon with him the following week. Howells says that his daughter will be pleased to accompany him and that his wife is an invalid who does not leave the house (she suffered from neuritis, an inflammation of the nervous system).

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Owens Bottle Machine Company Certificate of Subscription, Toledo, OH, December 16, 1907

This document from the Owens Bottle Company (which later became Owens-Illinois, Inc.,) announces that the company is ready to begin issuing stock. The record is signed by incorporators Edward Drummond Libbey and Michael J. Owens, the founders of the glass industry in Toledo.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Woodrow Wilson to F.H. Aldrich, Sea Girt, NJ, July 9, 1912

Wilson, the 28th President of the United States (1913 to 1921), thanks F.H. Aldrich for a congratulatory message Aldrich sent

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Elizabeth Schauss to the Toledo Woman's Suffrage Association, Cleveland, OH, March 3, 1914

Founded in 1869, the Toledo Woman's Suffrage Association was one of the first organizations to fight for voting rights for women. One of its members from the beginning, Sarah S. Bissell, was an associate of Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Lucy Stone. This letter from member Elizabeth Schauss mentions that many letters have been sent to senators and businessmen in Washington, D.C. asking them to support the organization's cause. Schuass also says that she is unable to attend that day's meeting, but that every member must "give their devotion to the cause undividedly."

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Belgian schoolchildren to the people of the United States, Ghent, Belgium, March 1915

These letters are part of at least 7,000 written by Belgium schoolchildren to the United States in gratitude for food and supplies provided when Belgium's ports were closed after the Germans invaded the country in 1914. Facing starvation, the people and children of Belgium depended on the aid for survival. The humanitarian effort was organized by Brand Whitlock, former mayor of Toledo, in his role as ambassador to Belgium and head of the Committee for Relief. The letters display careful penmanship, genuine gratitude and, in some cases, beautiful illustrations.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Amy Lowell to Mr. Ely, Brookline, MA, March 13, 1916

Amy Lowell accepts an invitation from a Mr. Ely to speak at a Civic Forum Dinner. Lowell was an American poet who was deeply involved in the Imagist movement started by Ezra Pound.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Theodore Roosevelt to Gustavus Ohlinger, New York, NY, March 2, 1917

In this letter, former president Theodore Roosevelt writes to Ohlinger regarding the contested presidential election of 1916 between incumbent Woodrow Wilson and challenger Charles Evans Hughes (a contest Wilson narrowly won). Roosevelt also criticizes both candidates� attitude towards Germans-Americans, believing that Wilson should have appealed to their sense of patriotism as a means of supporting America�s entry into World War I.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Grove Patterson to Gustavus Ohlinger, Toledo, Ohio, December 20, 1917

Toledo Blade's Managing Editor Grove Patterson writes to thank Ohlinger for using "Invisible Empire" as an expression in his speech, which The Toledo Blade then used as a foundation for an editorial.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Theodore Roosevelt to Gustavus Ohlinger, New York, NY, April 15, 1918

This second letter written by Roosevelt to Ohlinger complains that the Wilson administration is spending less time attacking spies and more time persecuting those who criticize the government. Communists, anarchists, and anti-war unions were among the groups targeted by the Department of Justice for protesting American�s involvement in World War I.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Thomas A. DeVilbiss to Gustavus Ohlinger, Toledo, OH, April 19 and May 21, 1918

In these letters, Thomas A. DeVilbiss, a local inventor and officer in the DeVilbiss Corporation, writes to Toledo lawyer Gustavus Ohlinger. DeVilbiss notes that the government is starting to award wartime manufacturing contracts for World War I to cities with proven capabilities, and DeVilbiss has put together a committee to demonstrate Toledo�s eligibility for contracts. In the first letter, DeVilbiss encourages Ohlinger to join the committee, and in the second letter, he encourages Ohlinger to attend important upcoming meetings.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Thomas A. DeVilbiss to Gustavus Ohlinger, Toledo, OH, April 19 and May 21, 1918

In these letters, Thomas A. DeVilbiss, a local inventor and officer in the DeVilbiss Corporation, writes to Toledo lawyer Gustavus Ohlinger. DeVilbiss notes that the government is starting to award wartime manufacturing contracts for World War I to cities with proven capabilities, and DeVilbiss has put together a committee to demonstrate Toledo�s eligibility for contracts. In the first letter, DeVilbiss encourages Ohlinger to join the committee, and in the second letter, he encourages Ohlinger to attend important upcoming meetings.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Alva Bunker to Mr. Feilbach, Farmington, MI, June 17, 1918

Alva Bunker was born in Toledo in 1901 with no hands and one severely deformed foot. When he was a teenager, members of the Rotary Club found him playing near his home and discovered that he had never been taught to read or write. The Rotary sent him to Detroit to be fitted with artificial limbs and to attend school. His story became an inspiration for many to begin to view disability in a more positive light. In this letter, Bunker writes that he would like to come home for a visit, and afterwards he would like to return to Michigan for summer school. He also notes that the Rotary Club Members will not recognize him when he returns home, because with his artificial limbs, he is now 5'7". Also included are a photograph of Bunker and his handwriting book.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Herbert "Chick" White to Mother, France, October 13, 1918

In this letter, White, an American soldier in World War 1, describes Army life. He writes about driving an American truck near enemy lines, but insists that there is not much danger. Many words and phrases have been scribbled out, and at the end of the letter it is written that it was "Censored by Charles J. Gregg."

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Herbert "Chick" White to Mother, Belgium, November 3, 1918

In this letter, White apologizes for not having time to write more often. He says that he is always busy, and also notes that his penmanship is poor because he is sitting on the ground writing on a pane of glass. White also talks about having moved further into what used to be German occupation, and laments the destruction he has seen, saying "Where we have been, showed the destruction caused by four years constant struggle. What a waste of land!"

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Herbert "Chick" White to Dad, Belgium, November 20, 1918

Here, White writes to his father to say that he was recently in the field hospital for a cold and a sore mouth. He also discusses how France and the Belgium were affected by the war. White notes that the French were boisterous in their celebrations, but the Belgians viewed it as the end of "four year's terror" and celebrated "quietly and reverently."

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Edward Drummond Libbey to S.E. Eichman, Toledo, OH, January 13, 1919

Edward Drummond Libbey, president of the Owens Bottle Machine Company, writes to a new employee, S.E. Eichman, to discuss the workplace environment that he expects. Libbey writes to Eichman that it is important for every individual to know their responsibilities and be �generous� and co-operative when in the workplace.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Warren G. Harding to Sigmond Sanger, Washington, D.C., July 9, 1920

Then-Senator Warren G. Harding thanks Sigmond Sanger for his message of congratulations with reference to being elected as U. S. Senator from Ohio. Harding served as President of the United States from 1921 to 1923.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Michael Owens to Edward Drummond Libbey, Toledo, OH, December 5, 1921

While Michael Owens had invented the automatic bottle machine that helped to make Edward Drummond Libbey a wealthy man, Owens himself believed he had benefitted little from the invention. In his letter he requests, as a personal favor, that Libbey agree to pay he or his heirs a royalty on every bottle made on the machine. While Libbey agreed to this�which made over $100,000 a year for Owens�after Owens�s death the company would refuse to continue to pay the royalty.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Michael Owens to William Boshart, Los Angeles, CA, January 4, 1923

Michael Owens, inventor of the machine that would lead to the founding of the Owens Bottle Machine Company, writes to congratulate William Boshart for being appointed president of the company by Edward Drummond Libbey. Owens also complains about the inability to get a contract with the Heinz Company for a new bottle. He admonishes Boshart to remember that outside his family, his only commitment is to �Bottles & the Co. Success.� Boshart responded to Owens in a letter the following week expressing concern about Owens�s health. Michael Owens could die before the end of the year of a heart condition.

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The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Brand Whitlock to Adrienne Curtis, Summit, NJ, March 21, 1923

This letter was written in response to a series of questions posed by Adrienne Curtis who, at the time, was completing her undergraduate thesis at the University of Toledo on Whitlock. In the letter, Whitlock addresses several of his publications, including a novel he was in the process of completing. He also refers to his political views, including mention of the men who opposed him politically when he was mayor of Toledo.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Theodore Dreiser to Herbert Schering, Vienna, Austria, August 24, 1926

Here Dreiser responds to Schering saying he is not in need of a translator. Schering evidently offered to translate a book, as Dreiser notes that each publisher he has met with has their own preferred translators that they work with. He apologizes and thanks Schering for his offer. The book is likely An American Tragedy, which was extremely popular when it was first published in America in 1925.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Eddie to Lollie Labey, Toledo, OH, September 6, 1926

A man who identifies himself only as Eddie writes to his friend Lollie Labey in Bowling Green, Ohio. Eddie confesses his love for Lollie, and that he respects and admires her more than anyone else he has ever met.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections

Letter and signed photograph from Clarence J. Brown to Walter J. Duhaime, Columbus, OH, September 21, 1928

Brown, who was elected Lieutenant Governor of Ohio at the age of 25 (the youngest man ever to hold this office), served as Ohio�s Secretary of State from 1927 to 1933, and as Congressional representative from Ohio from 1939 to 1965. A Republican, he was a segregationist his entire life until his last year in Congress when he checked himself out of the hospital in order to vote in favor of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. In this letter, he asks Duhaime, a Toledo Municipal Court judge, for his support and help in the upcoming election.

The University of Toledo, Ward M. Canaday Center for Special Collections