1 | 15,000 Before Common Era | 10,000 BCE | 9000 BCE | 8000 BCE | 7000 BCE | 6000 BCE | 5000 BCE | 4000 BCE | 3500 BCE | 3000 BCE | 2500 BCE | 2000 BCE | 1750 BCE | 1500 BCE | 1250 BCE | 1000 BCE | 750 BCE | 650 BCE | 600 BCE | 550 BCE | 500 BCE | 450 BCE | 400 BCE | 350 BCE | 300 BCE | 250 BCE | 200 BCE | 150 BCE | 100 BCE | 50 BCE | 1 Common Era | 50 CE | 100 CE | ( ... ) | |||||||||||||
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2 | legend | Pleistocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | Holocene | to present | |||||||||||
3 | Preboreal | Preboreal / Boreal | Boreal | Atlantic | Atlantic | Atlantic | Subboreal | Subboreal | Subboreal | Subboreal | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | Subatlantic | to present | |||||||||||||
4 | Climate | Myths, Religions | Architectural wonders | Writing, Law | Lake Agassiz drainage - Worldwide Flood (sea level up to +1.5 meters in 1 year) | Storegga Slide (Norway) | Mount Tai earthquake (China) | Minoan Eruption(Santorini) | Maliakos Gulf tsunami (Greece) (c.426 BCE) | Helike destroyed by Tsunami (Greece) Possible inspiration for Plato's Atlantide (c.373 BCE) | Rhodes Earthquake, Colossus Destroyed (226 BCE) | Vesuvius Eruption, Pompeii destruction (79 CE) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | Migrations | Discoveries | Wars, Conquests & Related Events | Disasters | Earthen barrier breached between Mediterranean & Black seas, extensive flooding of shoreline | 25m high Tsunami avancing up to 80 (Eighty) km inland in Scotland | Worldwide Climate Cooling Event from Volcanic Plumes | West: «Bronze Age Collapse» / Sea People Invasions | West: «Bronze Age Collapse» / Sea People Invasions | Sparta Earthquake Precipitates Peloponesian War (464 BCE) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Metallurgy | Sports & Games | Animal Husbandry, Agricultural products | Arts | Feng-Shui (Asterism) | Sumerian Flood Myth | Eridu Genesis Tablet | Zoroastrianism | Goliath the Phillistine (Sea People Invasion) | Old Testament Writing | Old Testament Writing | Old Testament Writing | Old Testament Writing | Old Testament Writing | Early Buddhism | Mahabharata | Spread of Buddhism | New Testament Writing | New Testament Writing | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | LEADERS | Sumerian Gilgamesh Epic | Akkadian Atra-Hasis | End of Abrahamic Monolatrism | Abrahamic Monotheism | Taoism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | Brahmanism, Early Hinduism | Sama Veda | Rig Veda | Yajur Veda | Jainism | Iliad and Odyssey | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | terminology | notes | Chris Turney's Agassiz Agricultural Trigger Theory: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | "migration" = outbound | Indo-European migration model ⇨ | Kurgan hypothesis | estimated 145,000 neolithic Black Sea shoreline farmers displacing inland hunter-gatherers and quickstarting agricultural revolution. | YELLOW EMPEROR (c. 2696–2598) | YU THE GREAT (c. 2205) | Xia Dynasty Possibly Ended because of Climate Cooling | Spring and Autumn Period | Warring States Period | QIN SHI HUANG (259 - 210 BCE) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | "migrant" = inbound | CHINA → | Zhenpiyan culture | Pengtoushan & Peiligang culture | Cishan culture | Baijia culture | Three Sovereigns Period | Xia Dynasty | Shang Dynasty | Zhou Dynasty | Zhou Dynasty | Qin Dinasty | Han Dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | Published in Quaternary Science Reviews | Cereal Grinding Tools | Jiahu script | Kui (Beer-like Substance) | Banpo script | Sericulture (Silk Production) | Chinese Script | Early Compass (not navigational) | Pewter | Early Naval Fleet Building | "Go", Board Game | First parts of the "Great Wall" | Quench-hardened steel | "Cuju", Ball Game | Terracotta Army (c. 210) | Lou Chuan, Floating Fortress with trebuchet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | Bones, Rocks and Stars: The Science of When Things Happened | Pig, Chicken, Oxen, Sheep, Rice, Millet | Stern mounted rudders | Ramming Ships, Naval Warfare Theory | Compass | Large Naval Fleet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | Travels of Xu Fu | Negative Numbers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | Alexander invasion leaves power vacuum filled by Maurya Empire | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | Indus Valley Pre-Aryan Cultural Legacy : | CHANDRAGUPTA MAURYA (c. 340 - 298) | ASHOKA THE GREAT (c.274 - 232) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | Ahimsa (non-agression) // Karma and Reincarnation // Yoga | BENGAL → | ↑ | ↑ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | Great Goddess // Cults of trees, waters, animals | JARASANDHA (c. 1700 BCE) | WEST BENGAL → | ↑ | Magadha Kingdom | ↑ | ↑ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | Phallus worship // Village deities // Third Eye | EAST INDIA → | Magadha Kingdom | Magadha Kingdom | Magadha Kingdom | Nanda Dynasty | Nanda Dynasty | Nanda Dynasty | Maurya Empire | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | Dravidian Speakers | NORTH INDIA → | Mahajanapadas | NORTH INDIA → | ↓ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | SOUTH INDIA → | Neolithic Tamil Nadu | Tamil Nadu | Tamil Nadu | Tamil Nadu | SOUTH INDIA → | ↓ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | AFGHANISTAN, PAKISTAN, NORTHWEST INDIA → | Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka | Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka | Mehrgarh I (Farming Village) | Mehrgarh II | Mehrgarh II / III | Mehrgarh III | Indus Valley Civilization | Frequent and disastrous floodings broke the unity of the Indus valley Civ. | Swāt culture / Vedic Period | NORTHWEST INDIA, AFGHANISTAN, PAKISTAN → | ↓ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | Dentistry (drilling) | Copper Smelting | Indo-European migrants | Applied Mathematics | Harappan Script | Tadoori oven | Indo-Aryan (Iranian) Migrants | Vedic Sanskrit | Large Numbers (10^12) | Invention of Zero | Square Root | 1st verbalization of Pythagorean-type theorems | Darius? | Alexandria Eschate founded 329, Beginnings of Silk Road | Edicts of Ashoka | Negative Numbers | Chaitya-Hall at Karle | Massive Maritime Trade with Rome (up to 300.000 tons moved / yr) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | Wheat, Barley, Cattle, Sheep, Goat | Egalitarian Architecture | Angles, Obtuse Triangles, Lengths, Areas, Volumes | Mohenjo-daro Complex (c. 2600 BCE) | First Republics | Indian Seafaring | Pillars of Ashoka | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | No Monuments, Fortifications, Palaces or Temples | Uniform weigths and measures | Urban Planning, Municipal Government | Ayurvedic medicine | Crucible steel (Wootz steel) | 'Great Stupa' at Sanchi | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | Anatomically detailed figurines | Sophisticated irrigation and storage systems | Hydraulic Engineering | Palm Leaves Manuscripts | Large Buddhist Construction Program | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | Dice games | Multi-stringed instruments | Sewage, Flush toilets | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | Migrations, Horse Diffusion | Migrations, Chariot Diffusion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | Neolithic Revolution | ⇧ | ⇧ | ⇧ | KING ATEAS (429-339 BCE) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | Dog Domestication (dating unclear) | First Fishing Ships | Human Sedentarization | Pit Grave Culture | Pit Grave Culture | NORTH OF BLACK SEA → | Scythia | Disintegration of Scythia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | Cat Self-Domestication | NORTH OF BLACK SEA → | Indo-European migrations | Indo-European migrations | Indo-European migrations | Darius unsuccessfully campaigns in Scythia (512 BCE) | Philip II Of Macedon Defeats and kills Ateas (339 BCE) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | Horse Domestication | ⇩ | Chariot | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | ⇩ | ⇩ | ⇩ | Conquest of Ionia, Ionian revolt | Greco-Persian Wars (c. 500 - 450 BCE) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | KHAZAKSTAN → | Botai Culture | Botai Culture | Migrations, Chariot Diffusion | Migrations, Chariot Diffusion | CYRUS THE GREAT (c. 600 - 530 BCE) | DARIUS THE GREAT (c. 550 - 486) | XERXES THE FIRST (c. 519 - 465 BCE) | Alexander the Great Invasion (330 BCE) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | Zarzian Culture | Horse Domestication | ⇩ | IRAN → | Median Empire | Achaemenid Empire | Fall of Achaemenid Empire | Parthian Empire (247 BCE - 224 CE) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
39 | Indo-European migrations | Migrations | Cyrus Cylinder (Akkadian Cuneiform) | Aramaic alphabet adopted from Phoenicia | Persepolis | First Modern Taxation System | Mausoleum at Halicarnassus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
40 | Prossible Akkadian Incursions (c.2240) | Aryan Migration to India | First Courrier Post | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
41 | IRAN → | Zayandeh River Culture | Proto-Elamite | Old Elamite period | Middle Elamite period | Neo-Elamite period | Neo-Elamite period | First Staple (Fastener) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
42 | Irrigation | Invention of Wine | First Banking System (Natural Disasters Related Loans) | Code of Ur-Nammu, oldest surviving Code of Law | Linear Elamite | Game of Backgammon | Under Assyrian Influence | Under Median Influence | Game of Polo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | First Modern Bricks | Invention of Tar (Precursor to Guitar) | Origin of the Legal "Check" | Peaches | Tepe Sialk | Spinach | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
44 | Introduction of Chicken to Europe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
45 | Oldest Known Written Music (Hurrian Hymns) | Longitude and Latitude | Sea People Invasions theory | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
46 | Bronze Artifacts | SARGON OF AKKAD (c. 2270 – 2215 BCE) | Circle divided in 360° | Siege Excavations | ASHURNASIRPAL II (883 - 859) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
47 | Semitic Migrants (Akkadians, c. 3600) | GILGAMESH King of Uruk (circa 2700) | Akkadian Empire | Assyrian Empire | Assyrian resurgence | Assyrian Dark Ages | Assyrian Resurgence | Fall of Assyrian Empire | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
48 | Uruk | Uruk (pop: 14,000) | Uruk (pop: 40,000) | Uruk (pop: 80,000) | Babylonian Domination Period | Nimrud Palace (ca. 860) | Black Obelisk of Shalmaneser III (825 BCE) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
49 | IRAQ → | Sumerian Cities | Eridu, "the first Babylon" | Eridu (pop: 6,000 - 10,000) | Ziggurats at Eridu conform with legend of Babel | Eridu | Eridu | ⇧ | ⇩ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
50 | Ur (pop: 65,000) | Babylonian Domination | Assyrian Domination | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
51 | Copper Pendant, estimated c. 8700 | Irrigation | Pictographs | First Monumental Public Architecture | Cuneiform script | "House at Ur" also known as "House of Abraham" | ⇧ | ⇩ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
52 | Fermentation, Yeast | Ziggurats | Arithmetic | HAMMURABI (c. 1800-1750 BCE) | First Sun Dials (save for Egyptian Obelisks) | Assyrian Domination Period | NEBUCHAD- NEZZAR II | Achaemenid Conquest of Babylon (540 BCE) | Conquered by Alexander The Great | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
53 | Invention of Beer, Bread | Shekel (Monetary Unit in Grain) | IRAQ → | 1st Babylonian Dynasty | Babylon Resugence | Babylon | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
54 | Almonds | Babylon founded near Akkad in homage to ancient city Babylon-Eridu | Code of Hammurabi | Babylon sacked by Hittites c. 1600 BCE | Conscience of Pythagorean-type theorems | Hanging Gardens | Etemenanki (600 BCE) | Israelites Liberation | Destruction Of Etemenanki | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
55 | Arithmetic, Algebra | Ishtar Gate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
56 | Bronze Artifacts | QUEEN HATSHEPSUT (1479–1458 BCE) | RAMESSES II (1303 - 1213 BCE) | Imago Mundi (First Known Map) | Conquered by Alexander The Great | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
57 | Hyeroglyphs (Sumerian Origin Probable) | AKHENATEN (1353-1336 BCE) | At war with: Sea People, Syria, Hittite Empire | Pewter | PTOLEMY I (367 - 283) | Julius Caesar Egyptian campaign | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
58 | EGYPT → | Nabta Playa | Fayum A | Naqada I | Naqada II | Naqada III | Old Kingdom | 1st Intermediate Period / Middle Kingdom | Middle Kingdom / 2nd Intermediate Period | 2nd Intermediate Period / New Kingdom | New Kingdom | Third Intermediate Period | Late Period | First Persian Period | Late Dynastic Period | Second Persian Period | Ptolemaic Period | Roman/Byzantine Period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | Irrigation | Earliest linen industry | "Senet", Board Game | Hieratic writing | Gizah Pyramids and Great Sphinx | Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatshepsut | Abu Simbel | Merneptah Stele | Circumnavigation of Africa | Alexandria Founded 331 | Menphis Decree Stele ("Rosetta Stone") | Temple of Kalabsha | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
60 | Beer, Bread | Obelisks | Early Taxation System | Megalithic geometry | Karnak Temple Complex | Ramesseum | Lighthouse of Alexandria | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
61 | Lettuce, Celery, Cucumber, Melon, Onions, Garlic | 1st paper-like material (papyrus) | Medicine | Great Library of Alexandria | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
62 | Sounding Reed | Khufu ship | TROJAN WAR (1260-1250) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
63 | First Hull Ships | Mycenaeans conquer anatolian coast ... | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
64 | Probable Akkadian Incursions (c.2240) | Destructed by Kussara | Iron Metallurgy spreads into Middle East (Hittites, Egypt...) | ... from Hittite Empire | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | Hattusa Settlement | Hattusa made Capital of Hittite Empire | Burnt to the ground after combined wars (1180 BC) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
66 | Ain Ghazal (pop: 3000) | Ain Ghazal | Hattians | Hattians | Hittite Empire | Assyria inherits Amorite | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
67 | TURKEY → | Göbekli Tepe | → | Çatalhöyük (pop: 5,000 - 8,000) | Çatalhöyük (pop: 5,000 - 8,000) | Indo-European migrants | Assyrian Cuneiform Adapted | HATTUSILI I (ca. 1586–1556 BC) | SUPPILULIUMA I (1344-1322 BCE) | Battle of Kadesh against Ramesses II (1274 BCE) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
68 | Wall Paintings | Hittite Expansion | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | Obsidian Trade | Probable Akkadian Incursions (c.2240) | Assyrian Invasion | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | LEVANT → | Jericho (pop: 400 - 2,000) | Jericho | Jericho | Jericho | Jericho | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | 1st Known Portraitures in Art History | Semitic Language People | Canaanites | Canaanites | Nabatean Culture | Petra | Nabatean Culture | Nabatean Culture | Nabatean Culture | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | World's First Alphabet (proto-Canaanite) | 12 Tribes Of Israel | Unified Kingdom of Israel (1020 - 930 BCE) | Kingdom of Israel | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | KING DAVID / KING SOLOMON | Kingdom Of Judah (930 - 586 BCE) | HEROD I (73 - 4 BCE) | ⇧ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
74 | "City of David" proto-settlement | Roshlamem (Jerusalem) | Solomon's Temple | Jerusalem | Babylonian Exile, Sack of Jerusalem, Temple Destruction | Israelite Liberation & Repatriation under Cyrus | Jerusalem | Second Temple in Jerusalem | Jerusalem under Ptomelaic Rule | Jerusalem under Seulecid Hellenistic Rule | Herod's Temple, Wailing Wall | Jerusalem as Roman Client State | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
75 | Tyre, founded 2750 BCE | Tyre | Tyre | Conquered by Alexander The Great (332 BCE) | Seulecid Hellenistic Tyre | Tyre regains Independence from Seulecids | Tyre becomes Roman Province | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
76 | Early Galleys | Semitic Language People | Phoenicia | Phoenicia | Seulecid Hellenistic Empire (312-63BCE) | First Jewish–Roman War | ⇧ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
77 | Bireme | Phoenician alphabet | Aramaic alphabet | Triremes, Ram, Naval Warfare | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
78 | LIBYA → | Leptis Magna founded by Phoenicia | Leptis Magna | Leptis Magna | Essentially independent, Roman Influence | Leptis Magna | Leptis becomes major Roman trading post | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
79 | BALKANS → | Danubian Vinča culture | TUNISIA → | Carthage Founded by Phoenicia (Possibly Earlier) | Carthagenian Republic | Carthagenian Republic | Carthage Conquered by Rome | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
80 | Copper Smelting | Sounding Line | Travels of Hanno the Navigator | HAMILCAR BARCA (275 - 228) | HANNIBAL (247 - 183) | ⇧ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
81 | Phoenician Religious Influence ↓ | Greco-Persian Wars (c. 500 - 450) | Sparta Earthquake Precipitates Peloponesian War (464 BCE) | Helike destroyed by Tsunami | League of Corinth (created 338) | First Punic War (264 - 241 BCE) | Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE) | Third Punic War (149BC-146BC) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
82 | Indo-European migrants | TROJAN WAR (1260-1250) | Lefkandi Heroön | Temple of Aphaea | Maliakos Gulf tsunami (c.426 BCE) | PHILIP II OF MACEDON (382 - 336) | ALEXANDER THE GREAT (356 - 324) | ⇧ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
83 | Mycenaean Greece (1600 - 1100 BCE) | Macedonia | Macedonia | Macedonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
84 | Proto-Sparta | Spartan Expansion | Sparta | Sparta | Sparta | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
85 | GREECE → | Proto-Athens | Athenian Recorded History | Athenian Polis | Athenian Democracy | Athenian Democracy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
86 | Linear A | Linear B | Dorian Wars Displacing Greek Cultures | Greek Alphabet (from Phoenician alphabet, not from Greek linears) | Sundial Refinement | SOLON (638 – 558) | Direct Democracy | PERICLES (c. 495 – 429) | Peloponnesian War (431 to 404) | Atomism (Molecular Theory) | Travels of Pytheas of Massalia | Colossus of Rhodes | Rhodes Earthquake, Colossus Destroyed (226 BCE) | Antikythera mechanism | ⇧ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
87 | CRETE → | Prehistoric Crete | Minoan Civilization / Knossos | Minoan Civilization / Knossos | Greeks forget writing (own alphabets lost to them) | Solonian Constitution | Spherical Earth Theory | Athena Promachos Statue (Phydias) | Statue of Zeus at Olympia (Phydias) | Xenocratic catalogue | "Episkyros", Rugby-type Ball Game | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
88 | Cattle, sheep, goats, pigs | ⇧ | Celestial Navigation | ⇩ | 1st Knossos Palace | New Knossos Palace | Nautical Charts, Anaximander Map | Temple of Arthemis at Ephesus | Athenian Acropolis | Hippocratic Medicine | ⇧ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
89 | Cereals, Legumes | Influence | Influence | Egyptian Influence | Earthquake (c. 1700) | Athenian Treasure at Delphi | The Parthenon | POMPEY (106 - 48 BCE) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
90 | ⇧ | ⇩ | Minoan Eruption (c. 1600) | ITALY → | Etruscan Civilization | First Punic War (264 - 241 BCE) | Second Punic War (218 - 201 BCE) | Third Punic War (149BC-146BC) | JULIUS CAESAR (100 - 44 BCE) | AUGUSTUS (63 BCE - 14 CE) | PAX ROMANA PERIOD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
91 | Cycladic civilization | Santorini Tsunami (35 to 150 meters high) | Old Italic from Greek and Phoenician | Roman Kingdom | Roman Republic | Roman Republic | Roman Empire | Roman Empire | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
92 | Keros Marble Figurines | Roman Forum | Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus | Twelve Tables | House of the Faun at Pompeii | Exploration of the Indian monsoon wind system via egyptian route | Massive Maritime Trade with India - 300 Greek Ships moving up to 300.000 tons / yr | Mausoleum of Augustus | Circus Maximus, Marble Reconstruction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | CENTRAL EUROPE → | Hallstatt Culture | Thene | Thene | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
95 | Battle of Alesia | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
96 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | Tsunami avancing up to 80 (Eighty) km inland in Scotland | European Megalithic Cultures | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
98 | WESTERN EUROPE → | Orkney Megalithic Complexes (Scotland) | Almendres Cromlech (Portugal) | Carnac Stones (France) | Stonehenge (England) | Avebury (England) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
99 | Züschen megalithic tomb (Germany) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
101 | «Noah» | IMHOTEP (2655-2600 BCE) | ZOROASTER [ZARATHUSHTRA] (c. 17th/10th Century BCE) | MOSES [MOCHE] / MOCHUS (12/13th BCE) | THALES (624 - 546) | ANAXIMANDER (610 - 546 BCE) | PYTHAGORAS (570-495) | ARISTOTLE (484-422) | THUCYDIDES (460 - 395) | DEMOCRITUS (460-370) | PLATO (428-348) | EUCLID (325 - 265) | ARCHIMEDES (287-212) | VIRGIL (70 - 19 BCE) | LIVY (59 BCE - 17 CE) | JESUS (circa 5-36) | PLUTARCH (c. 46 - 120 CE) | CHRIST (Evangelic Jesus and birth of Christianity) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
102 | Polymath | Monotheism, Dualism | Natural Philosophy (proto-Atomism) | Deductive reasoning | Geometry | Natural Philosophy | Natural philosophy (Elements) | Historian | Natural Philosophy (Atomism) | Spiritual Philosophy | Euclidian Geometry | Physics, Mathematics | Poet | Historian | Spiritual Philosophy | Historian | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
103 | Architect, Engineer, Physician | Early Spiritual Philosophy | Prophet | Geometry | Astronomy | Zoology | Atheistic Materialism | Episteme | 1st century miracle worker | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
104 | Influcence on Judaism and Platonism | Proto plaque-tectonic | Geography | Knowledge of necessary causes | HIPPOCRATES (460-370) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
105 | Prophet | PARSHVA (877 - 777) | "Logos" over "Mythos" | LAO TZU (c. 600 to 400 BCE) | SIDDHARTHA GAUTAMA (c. 563 - 483) | Politics | Physician | ARCHYTAS (428 - 347 BCE) | PYTHEAS OF MASSALIA (4th C. BCE) | XU FU (c. 255 BCE) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
106 | Spiritual Philosophy | Spiritual Philosophy | Spiritual Philosophy | Mathematical mechanics | Explorer | Explorer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
107 | Jainist Leader | PHIDIAS (480-430) | Cartographer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
108 | CONFUCIUS (551 - 479 BCE) | Sculptor | HERODOTUS (c. 440) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
109 | Ethics | Painter | Historian | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
110 | Architect | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
111 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
112 | HANNO THE NAVIGATOR (c. 500 BCE) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
113 | Explorer |