ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
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statestate_abrtitlepartyfirst_last_climate_denierdisplay_on_defaultquote_textquote_referencequote_reference_urltotal_career_contributions
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AlabamaalRepresentativeRepublicanGary PalmerTRUEFALSE
Alabama.com reported that Rep. Palmer said, "I am a firm believer in sound science. There have been new findings that clearly show the science is not settled on climate change."
Alabama.com, 11/2/16
http://www.al.com/opinion/index.ssf/2016/11/climate_changes_and_alabamians.html
$70,350
3
AlabamaalRepresentativeRepublicanMo BrooksTRUEFALSE
In a recent hearing of the House Committee on Science, Space and Technology, Rep. Brooks implied that rocks were causing rising sea levels, rather than climate change: "What about erosion? Every time you have that soil or rock, whatever it is, that is deposited into the seas, that forces the sea levels to rise because now you've got less space in those oceans because the bottom is moving up."
CNN, 5/18/18
https://www.cn...ge/index.html
$24,000
4
AlabamaalRepresentativeRepublicanRobert AderholtTRUEFALSE
In an op-ed for the Daily Mountain Eagle, Rep. Aderholt wrote: "I fall into the second group of people who believe, as do many very credible scientists, that the earth is currently in a natural warming cycle rather than a man-made climate change. Many scientists believe that natural cycles of warming and cooling have existed since the beginning of Earth. If we take the current models of climate prediction and apply those same models to what actually happened in the last thirty years, the models are shown to be very flawed. In addition, what knowledge we do have of a warming period in the Middle Ages cannot be explained by current models which are focused on greenhouse gas reductions."
Office of Rep. Robert B. Aderholt, 12/13/09
https://aderholt.house.gov/media-center/in-the-news/controversy-about-climate-change
$383,383
5
AlaskaakRepresentativeRepublicanDon YoungTRUEFALSE
Rep. Young's website says, "I do not challenge that climate change is occurring, but the central question awaiting an answer is to what extent man-made emissions are responsible for this change. Contrary to popular opinion, that question remains unanswered."
Office of Rep. Don Young, last accessed 1/19
https://donyoung.house.gov/issues/issue/?IssueID=5006
$1,482,013
6
ArizonaazRepresentativeRepublicanAndy BiggsTRUEFALSE
The Arizona Republic reports that at a town hall, Rep. Biggs said, “There are credible scientists who say climate change exists; we aren’t sure why. There are credible scientists who say that. There are credible scientists who say it doesn’t.”
The Arizona Republic, 4/11/17
https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/arizona/2017/04/12/andy-biggs-town-hall-arizona/100124436/
$25,000
7
ArizonaazRepresentativeRepublicanDebbie LeskoTRUEFALSE
According to The Arizona Republic, when Rep. Lesko was asked at a candidate debate whether she believed in climate change, she responded: "Is some of it, maybe, human-caused? Possibly. But certainly not the majority of it. I think it just goes through cycles and it has to do a lot with the sun. So no, I'm not a global warming proponent."
The Arizona Republic, 1/30/18
https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-environment/2018/01/30/west-valley-congressional-candidates-climate-change/1067821001/
$41,650
8
ArizonaazRepresentativeRepublicanDavid SchweikertTRUEFALSE
In a 2008 interview, Rep. Schweikert said: "Understanding what part of climate change is part of a natural cycle and what part has human components is the first step. Our elected officials must be careful to react to facts and not folklore."
HuffPost, 1/16/14
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/01/16/house-science-schweikert-_n_4613145.html
$102,815
9
ArizonaazRepresentativeRepublicanPaul GosarTRUEFALSE
Rep. Gosar tweeted, "The Paris Climate Agreement won't change the climate but it will bankrupt the US. Also, it's unconstitutional." Additionally, in a press release that accompanied the tweet, he maintained: “President Trump ran his campaign on the idea of putting America’s interests first. He can fulfill that pledge in a big way by using his authority to completely withdraw the United States from the misguided Paris Climate Agreement. This unconstitutional treaty is nothing more than an extension of the Obama Administration’s ideological war on affordable energy. This liberal pipedream abdicates our sovereignty in favor of a global redistribution of wealth. Furthermore, this scheme was designed to favor our economic rivals like China and India by giving them until 2030 to reduce emissions while the United States front-loaded our costs at the expense of American jobs."
Twitter, 4/18/17
https://twitter.com/RepGosar/status/854409324390748161
$89,300
10
ArkansasarRepresentativeRepublicanBruce WestermanTRUEFALSE
In a 2017 hearing, Rep. Westerman said: “I assume if climate’s changing, it’s changing in Arkansas, as well as other places. So I did a little research and found out the number of forest fires in Arkansas has actually decreased over the past 20 years. It’s either held level or slightly decreased as our management has continued to increase. So apparently the climate change isn’t affecting forest fires in my state. You would think even though it’s a more moderate or temperate climate, if climate change was causing more fires we would see a lot more of them than what’s in the baseline.”
Office of Rep. Bruce Westerman, 6/8/17
https://westerman.house.gov/media-center/videos/bruce-westerman-questions-wildfire-prevention-house-subcommittee-federal-lands
$172,050
11
ArkansasarRepresentativeRepublicanRick CrawfordTRUEFALSE
While speaking to radio station KASU 91.9 FM, Rep. Crawford fielded a question regarding climate change and then-President Barack Obama’s environmental agenda: “There’s not sound science to support some of the initiatives that the President, I think, is committed to. We know that some of the research was faulty and it drove a lot of the agenda for a long time. And then it turned out there were some questions about the validity of that research.” He continued, “I don’t see a lot of the green initiatives that are being talked about being supported by scientific data, but more supported by political agendas.”
Talk Business & Politics, 1/27/13
http://talkbusiness.net/2013/01/cong-crawford-wants-permanent-spending-controls/
$88,022
12
ArkansasarRepresentativeRepublicanSteve WomackTRUEFALSE
The Times Record reported that Rep. Womack said, “The climate changes — it has throughout history. The real debate is who or what is causing it?”
The Times Record, 10/28/18
http://www.swtimes.com/news/20181028/is-global-climate-change-man-made-or-not-arkansas-3rd-district-congressional-candidates-respond
$114,869
13
CaliforniacaRepresentativeRepublicanDevin NunesTRUEFALSE
E&E News reported that in a recent podcast, Rep. Nunes said, "When I was a kid, we were having global cooling, and we were going to go into another ice age, and now we've switched it to now the Earth is warming."
E&E News, 9/11/18
https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060096459
$460,700
14
CaliforniacaRepresentativeRepublicanDoug LaMalfaTRUEFALSE
The Guardian reported: "At a public meeting not far from the California town of Redding last year, the US congressman Doug LaMalfa said that he 'didn’t buy' human-made climate change. 'I think there’s a lot of bad science behind what people are calling global warming,' he said on another occasion."
The Guardian, 8/1/18
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/jul/31/california-wildfire-climate-change-carr-fire
$103,230
15
CaliforniacaRepresentativeRepublicanDuncan D HunterTRUEFALSE
Times of San Diego reported that Rep. Hunter said, “There is climate change. Is there human-caused climate change? I don’t buy that.”
Times of San Diego, 9/26/14
http://timesofsandiego.com/politics/2014/09/26/hunter-kimber-spar-50th-district-debate/
$77,350
16
CaliforniacaRepresentativeRepublicanKen CalvertTRUEFALSE
Rep. Calvert co-sponsored H.R. 954, a resolution that stated: “Whereas recent events have uncovered extensive evidence from the Climate Research Unit at the University of East Anglia in England (in this resolution referred to as the ‘CRU’) which involved many researchers across the globe discussing the destruction, altering, and hiding of data that did not support global warming claims.”
H.R. 954, 12/8/09
https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/BILLS-111hres954ih/pdf/BILLS-111hres954ih.pdf
$387,124
17
CaliforniacaRepresentativeRepublicanKevin McCarthyTRUEFALSE
According to InsideClimate News, "When asked specifically about whether human activities are driving climate change, McCarthy told The Wall Street Journal, 'I think there are changes in the environment. There are a lot of items to contribute to it.'"
InsideClimate News, 10/1/15
https://insideclimatenews.org/news/30092015/john-boehner-house-speaker-kevin-mccarthy-climate-change
$1,549,100
18
CaliforniacaRepresentativeRepublicanTom McClintockTRUEFALSE
Time reported: "'The climate has been changing for four and a half billion years,' McClintock said in a Sept. 23 [2018] debate with his Democratic opponent. 'The extent to which human activity has a role to play is being hotly debated right now.' He offered a similarly inaccurate statement during an Oct. 8 debate hosted by KQED. 'There’s no question that global temperatures have been warming on and off since the last ice age,' he said. 'The question is what are we going to do about them.'"
Time, 10/15/18
http://time.com/5413384/california-wildfires-climate-change/
$213,100
19
ColoradocoRepresentativeRepublicanDoug LambornTRUEFALSE
On Twitter, Rep. Lamborn wrote, "#SOTU if climate change is such a settled issue, why does a recent @pewresearch poll show that only 30% of Americans are 'very concerned'?"
Twitter, 1/12/16
https://twitter.com/RepDLamborn/status/687101063107710977
$365,438
20
ColoradocoRepresentativeRepublicanKen BuckTRUEFALSE
The New York Times reported that Rep. Buck recently called one military proposal part of a “radical climate change agenda.”
The New York Times, 9/3/16
https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/04/science/flooding-of-coast-caused-by-global-warming-has-already-begun.html?_r=0
$488,122
21
ColoradocoRepresentativeRepublicanScott TiptonTRUEFALSE
When asked whether he thinks that humans play a role in climate change, Rep. Tipton responded: "I think that we've got a role to play. We need to take an advantage of new technology ... We're all in concert in terms of making sure that it's done right, and the role that we as humans have to play is making sure that we are good stewards."
Aspen Public Radio, 4/2/17
https://www.aspenpublicradio.org/post/tipton-talks-climate-public-lands
$615,213
22
FloridaflRepresentativeRepublicanBill PoseyTRUEFALSE
The Washington Post reported that in a hearing on the social cost of carbon, Rep. Posey instead questioned the basic existence of climate change, asking, "Can anyone on the panel give me a date certain, even a year certain, that there was absolutely no climate change on this planet since the forming of it?”
The Washington Post, 2/28/17
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/02/28/members-of-congress-met-to-discuss-the-costs-of-climate-change-they-ended-up-debating-its-existence/?utm_term=.1bc0b5bc76aa
$50,400
23
FloridaflRepresentativeRepublicanDaniel WebsterTRUEFALSE
Gizmodo reported that during a 2017 hearing on climate change, Rep. Webster used "the natural causes of the last ice age as 'proof' that humans aren’t responsible for warming."
Gizmodo, 3/29/17
https://gizmodo.com/todays-congressional-hearing-on-climate-change-was-a-co-1793787320
$62,050
24
FloridaflRepresentativeRepublicanJohn RutherfordTRUEFALSE
E&E News reported that Rep. Rutherford said, "Climate was changing before we had carbon emissions ... I need to be convinced how much of that is man and how much of it is just the global climate conditions."
E&E News, 11/17/16
http://www.eenews.net/special_reports/new_members_2017/stories/1060045897/print
$1,000
25
FloridaflRepresentativeRepublicanMario Diaz-BalartTRUEFALSE
In 2017, E&E News reported: "'It's more of a religion ... on both sides of the issue,' Mario Diaz-Balart said when asked about global warming. Past climate legislation would have been hugely costly to businesses and people in his district, he said, with only a minuscule impact on halting temperature rise. 'I don't play that game,' he said. 'My issue is, "All right, what is the problem that you're trying to solve?" and "Does it solve it?"'"
E&E News, 5/15/17
https://www.eenews.net/stories/1060054524/print
$118,250
26
FloridaflRepresentativeRepublicanNeal DunnTRUEFALSE
The News Herald reported that Rep. Dunn said, "I am sure human activity plays some role, but I don't think the science is clear on how much is man-made and how much is natural."
The News Herald, 4/16/16
http://www.newsherald.com/news/20160416/local-political-figures-cautious-about-sea-level-rise
$500
27
FloridaflRepresentativeRepublicanRoss SpanoTRUEFALSE
When the Florida Conference of Catholic Bishops asked Rep. Spano whether he would establish "a national Climate Solutions Commission to develop policies that are economically viable, protect the environment, and mitigate the effects of climate change," Spano said he opposed. Rep. Spano's office did not respond to a request for comment from CAP Action.
Florida Conference of Catholic Bishops, 7/18
https://flaccb.org/documents/2018/7/Spano_Ross.pdf
$6,000
28
FloridaflRepresentativeRepublicanTed YohoTRUEFALSE
According to the Gainesville Sun, in a town hall meeting in 2017, "Yoho also told the crowd he didn’t believe humans were the main cause of climate change."
Gainesville Sun, 4/10/17
https://www.gainesville.com/news/20170410/rep-yoho-faces-rowdy-crowd-at-gainesville-town-hall
$23,150
29
GeorgiagaRepresentativeRepublicanAustin ScottTRUEFALSE
During a town hall meeting covered by NPR, Rep. Scott responded "Absolutely" to the question: "Do you dispute the U.S. military, NOAA, the Weather Channel as well as 95 percent-plus of climate scientists, in their conclusion that climate change is pushed by human activity?"
NPR, 9/5/13
http://www.npr.org/2013/09/05/219177442/rep-scott-tired-of-the-u-s-getting-involved-in-others-disputes
$40,737
30
GeorgiagaRepresentativeRepublicanBarry LoudermilkTRUEFALSE
In a 2017 press release, Rep. Loudermilk said: "For several years, the EPA and other government bureaucracies have been pushing out environmental regulations based on new scientific ‘discoveries’ relating to climate change. However, the data on which these ‘discoveries’ are based have not been made available to the general scientific community for review or fact-checking. This has brought into question the overall motives of the EPA and other agencies who are demanding more environmental regulations. All regulatory decisions should be based on factual scientific information that is open and available for public viewing."
Office of Rep. Barry Loudermilk, 3/29/17
https://loudermilk.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=1052
$49,250
31
GeorgiagaRepresentativeRepublicanBuddy CarterTRUEFALSE
The Savannah Morning News reported that Rep. Carter said: "You know of all the things we can do in the world we still can't control the weather ... And I've never bought into the climate change. I'm not naive enough to believe that we don't have some impact on it, but to think that we have enough of an impact to really change what is happening naturally, I'm not one of those who has really bought into that."
Savannah Morning News, 2/15/16
https://www.savannahnow.com/news/2016-02-15/buddy-carter-unmoved-anti-drilling-stances?fb_comment_id=967396259975663_967569243291698
$100,650
32
GeorgiagaRepresentativeRepublicanDoug CollinsTRUEFALSE
When asked by Vote Smart if he believes human activity is contributing to climate change, Rep. Collins answered “no.”
Vote Smart, last accessed 1/19
http://votesmart.org/candidate/political-courage-test/67851/doug-collins/
$86,050
33
GeorgiagaRepresentativeRepublicanJody HiceTRUEFALSE
According to The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, Rep. Hice said in a prepared statement: "It is a shame that because a scientist has reached a different conclusion on climate science than the liberal elite that the integrity of her research would be called into question."
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 2/28/15
https://www.ajc.com/news/state--regional-govt--politics/democrat-investigates-tech-professor-who-bucks-climate-trend/UG3s6ZxXnCt79D9H9uZL6I/
$24,500
34
GeorgiagaRepresentativeRepublicanRick AllenTRUEFALSE
In response to an Atlanta Journal-Constitution question, Rep. Allen “vehemently rejected the idea that warming is an established fact,” asserting in an email that the “science is definitely NOT settled.”
The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 12/31/14
http://www.myajc.com/news/news/state-regional-govt-politics/ga-politicians-cool-to-global-warming/njdR3/
$58,050
35
IdahoidRepresentativeRepublicanMike SimpsonTRUEFALSE
In a statement on his website on his position on climate change, Rep. Simpson writes: "While scientists cannot explain the climate changes of the past few decades without including the effects of elevated greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations resulting from the use of fossil fuels, there is widespread disagreement as to the magnitude of human influence on the climate and the degree to which any effort by humanity to reduce carbon output would slow or reverse the effects of climate change."
Office of Rep. Mike Simpson, last accessed 1/19
https://simpson.house.gov/issuestatements/climatechange.htm
$380,250
36
IdahoidRepresentativeRepublicanRuss FulcherTRUEFALSE
The Spokesman-Review reported: "Asked about climate change, Fulcher said he believes 'in the cycle that’s happened since the beginning of time,' and said wildfires in Idaho and other states are a significant contributor of carbon emissions. 'Don’t be misled – if you take a look at this over the past thousand years, you’ll see a cycle up, a cycle down,' he said."
The Spokesman-Review, 10/30/18
http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2018/oct/29/medicaid-immigration-climate-top-idaho-1st-distric/
$20,000
37
IllinoisilRepresentativeRepublicanDarin LaHoodTRUEFALSE
The State Journal-Register reported that Rep. LaHood said, “The climate is changing and I believe humans play a role in that. There is no doubt about that. The question is, at whatever do they play a role? Is it 51 percent? Is it 35 percent? I am open minded to listen to people who can give me a different view on that."
The State Journal-Register, 4/22/17
http://www.sj-r.com/news/20170422/what-us-rep-darin-lahood-said-at-his-town-hall
$126,600
38
IllinoisilRepresentativeRepublicanJohn ShimkusTRUEFALSE
Politico reported that Rep. Shimkus said, "And I do believe that God said the Earth would not be destroyed by a flood. Now, do I believe in climate change? In my trip to Greenland, the answer is yes. The climate is changing … The question is more about the costs and benefits and trying to spend taxpayer dollars on something that you cannot stop versus the changes that have been occurring forever. That's the real debate."
Politico, 11/10/10
http://www.politico.com/story/2010/11/shimkus-cites-genesis-on-climate-044958
$1,073,345
39
IllinoisilRepresentativeRepublicanMike BostTRUEFALSE
In a 2014 interview with St. Louis Public Radio, Rep. Bost disagreed with his opponent, former Rep. Bill Enyart (D), over whether climate change is real: “I don’t. I don’t know that I do; no ... Some scientists do; some scientists don’t [believe in climate change]."
St. Louis Public Radio, 10/16/14
http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/illinois-12th-district-contenders-highlight-differences
$186,505
40
IllinoisilRepresentativeRepublicanRodney DavisTRUEFALSE
In response to a question on whether Rep. Davis believes that climate change is caused by man, a spokesman for the congressman told FactCheck.org, “It is one of the contributing factors, yes, but to what extent is open to debate and further research.” Rep. Davis' office did not respond to a request for comment from CAP Action.
FactCheck.org, 8/16/13
http://www.factcheck.org/2013/08/environmentalists-misuse-gop-quote/
$343,905
41
IndianainRepresentativeRepublicanJim BanksTRUEFALSE
The Journal Gazette reported that "Banks also is uncertain whether climate change is happening and, if it is, whether human activities are a contributing factor. 'I believe there is some evidence and some scientific research that might support that, and other research that doesn’t.'"
The Journal Gazette, 3/11/17
http://www.journalgazette.net/news/local/indiana/Banks-unsure-of-climate-change-18039245
$43,035
42
IndianainRepresentativeRepublicanLarry BucshonTRUEFALSE
ThinkProgress reported that at a hearing of the House Science, Space, and Technology committee, Rep. Bucshon said: “Over the last few years, we’ve gone from global warming to climate change since the temperature hasn’t changed in many, many years. The temperature or the earth has been changing for centuries. I fully believe that the temperature is changing. But of course now supporters of this new regulation are saying ‘Well, it’s changing now at an unusual pace compared to the past, because now the American public is getting it that the temperature of the earth has been changing for centuries.'”
ThinkProgress, 9/17/14
https://thinkprogress.org/congressman-dont-trust-climate-scientists-they-re-in-it-for-the-money-4280ba3bf981/
$241,600
43
IowaiaRepresentativeRepublicanSteve KingTRUEFALSE
On Twitter in 2015, Rep. King wrote, "If Climate Change were 'settled science' and a 'fact based on data & sound science' protagonists would still be calling it Global Warming."
Twitter, 3/21/15
https://twitter.com/SteveKingIA/status/579311590933057536
$89,850
44
KansasksRepresentativeRepublicanRoger MarshallTRUEFALSE
As reported by KSNW, Rep. Marshall said, "I'm not sure that there is even climate change … I think it's something that we should continue to study and make sure our ecology continues to improve."
KSNW, 6/5/17
https://www.ksn.com/news/marshall-isnt-convinced-of-climate-change/898602113
$42,482
45
KentuckykyRepresentativeRepublicanJames ComerTRUEFALSE
WFPL reported that Rep. Comer said: “I do not believe in global warming. I’m the one person whose business and livelihood depends on Mother Nature, so I understand weather patterns ... We’ve had a very severe winter this year with 12-inch snows, so there is no global warming.”
WFPL 89.3, 3/11/15
http://wfpl.org/a-look-at-kentucky-gubernatorial-candidate-comers-climate-change-remarks-and-agriculture/
$41,701
46
KentuckykyRepresentativeRepublicanThomas MassieTRUEFALSE
The Louisville Eccentric Observer reported that Rep. Massie said, "Climate change may not be due to humans … What is the cause and effect?"
Louisville Eccentric Observer, 4/18/18
https://www.leoweekly.com/2018/04/conservative-environmentalist-kentucky-congressman-finds-freedom-sustainability/
$103,251
47
LouisianalaRepresentativeRepublicanSteve ScaliseTRUEFALSE
MSNBC reported that Rep. Scalise once said of former President Obama: ”I know the president loves talking about global warming – and they’re canceling flights all around the country due to snow blizzards.” Scalise's office did not respond to a request for additional comment from CAP Action.
MSNBC, 2/26/15
http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/scalise-epa-chief-snow-blizzards-contradict-climate-science
$1,214,129
48
MarylandmdRepresentativeRepublicanAndrew HarrisTRUEFALSE
According to The Baltimore Sun, in a letter exchange with a constituent, who wrote to Rep. Harris asking if he was concerned about the recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report from the United Nations, Harris responded that "he was ... but added that 'there are many different projections for the pace of climate change' and 'differing analysis for the degree of causality assigned to types of emissions.'"
The Baltimore Sun, 10/19/18
https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/dan-rodricks-blog/bs-md-rodricks-column-1021-story.html
$189,860
49
MichiganmiRepresentativeRepublicanBill HuizengaTRUEFALSE
A columnist at The Holland Sentinel wrote that she "recently received a letter from U.S. Rep. Bill Huizenga, R-Zeeland, which questioned 'the extent to which reducing American emissions would impact climate change.'" Previously, MLive quoted Huizenga as saying: “Today’s global warming doomsayers simply lack the scientific evidence to support their claims. A host of leaders in the scientific community have recognized that the argument for drastic anthropogenic global warming is no longer based on science, but is being driven by irrational fanaticism.”
The Holland Sentinel, 3/4/17; MLive, 5/23/12
http://www.hollandsentinel.com/news/20170304/my-take-ignoring-evidence-of-climate-change; https://www.mlive.com/opinion/muskegon/index.ssf/2012/05/letters_huizenga_on_climate_ch.html
$86,050
50
MichiganmiRepresentativeRepublicanFred UptonTRUEFALSE
MLive reported that Rep. Upton said: “We’ve experienced climate change for a long time, highs and lows. We had the coldest winter ever last winter. There was a report out that the Great Lakes are six degrees below what they were a year ago. I don’t know that climate scientists can really predict where we’re headed.” Upton has since joined the Climate Solutions Caucus but has not clarified his beliefs on the science. Rep. Upton's office did not respond to a request for comment from CAP Action.
MLive, 10/17/14; Office of Rep. Fred Upton, 1/26/18
http://www.mlive.com/news/kalamazoo/index.ssf/2014/10/mayday_pac_ad_funders_against.html; https://upton.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=398961
$1,191,233
51
MichiganmiRepresentativeRepublicanJohn MoolenaarTRUEFALSE
At a town hall, Rep. Moolenaar said in response to an audience member's question about his beliefs on climate change: "I think it's important that you know, I believe in sound science, in good science. I believe the federal government has an important role in funding good science. I also have seen how, sometimes, agencies like the EPA get off track in their mission and pursue ... I believe science, science moves forward ... when people challenge a theory."
Yale Climate Connections, 5/10/17
https://www.yaleclimateconnections.org/2017/05/climate-concerns-raised-at-many-town-halls/
$31,750
52
MichiganmiRepresentativeRepublicanJustin AmashTRUEFALSE
WGVU reported that Rep. Amash said, “I think humans do, and can impact the climate. The question then is to what extent and what do we do about it?”
WGVU, 6/4/17
http://www.wgvunews.org/post/us-rep-amash-talks-trump-withdrawal-paris-climate-change-accord
$50,200
53
MichiganmiRepresentativeRepublicanTim WalbergTRUEFALSE
Time reported that at a town hall in Coldwater, Michigan, Rep. Walberg said: "I believe there’s climate change. I believe there’s been climate change since the beginning of time. Do I think man has some impact? Yeah, of course. Can man change the entire universe? No ... Why do I believe that? Well, as a Christian, I believe that there is a creator in God who is much bigger than us. And I’m confident that, if there’s a real problem, he can take care of it.”
Time, 5/31/17
http://time.com/4800000/tim-walberg-god-climate-change/
$303,620
54
MinnesotamnRepresentativeRepublicanJim HagedornTRUEFALSE
Rep. Hagedorn said on Minnesota Public Radio, "The earth has been heating and cooling since God's creation."
MPR News, 9/27/18
https://www.mprnews.org/story/2018/09/27/minnesota-midterm-climate-voter-guide
$23,700
55
MinnesotamnRepresentativeRepublicanPete StauberTRUEFALSE
E&E News reported, "Newly elected Republicans Pete Stauber and Jim Hagedorn have raised questions about the role of anthropogenic emissions in climate change, but both say they support 'all of the above' energy policies, including more renewable energy." Rep. Stauber's office did not respond to a request for comment from CAP Action.
E&E News, 11/14/18
https://www.eenews.net/climatewire/stories/1060106145/search?keyword=pete+stauber
$31,500
56
MinnesotamnRepresentativeRepublicanTom EmmerTRUEFALSE
Alpha News reported that in response to President Trump rolling back the Clean Power Plan, Rep. Emmer said, “President Trump has rolled back the Obama Administration’s most harmful environmental regulations—including the Clean Power Plan, which has cost many American jobs and has driven up energy costs for American families.” Previously, while on the floor of the Minnesota House of Representatives, Emmer gave a speech in which he stated, "Just because we make these chambers available to Will Steger and the crowd that wants to rely on Al Gore's climate porn doesn't mean that that's the way it is. There is another side of the story."
Alpha News, 3/30/17; YouTube, 5/11/07
https://alphanewsmn.com/mn-politicians-react-trumps-climate-change-executive-order/; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kx9y_jc0sN4
$76,350
57
MissourimoRepresentativeRepublicanAnn WagnerTRUEFALSE
The Riverfront Times reported that Rep. Wagner wrote in an email: “The field of climate science is in its relative infancy and it appears that some within the public policy world have made dubious assessments of scientific information in order to further their own political agenda. Our policy response to this dilemma should not be based on inconsistent and unsound science or driven by the fear of a supposed catastrophe.”
Riverfront Times, 5/29/13
http://www.riverfronttimes.com/newsblog/2013/05/29/is-congresswoman-ann-wagner-a-climate-change-denier-warns-of-unsound-science
$304,800
58
MissourimoRepresentativeRepublicanBlaine LuetkemeyerTRUEFALSE
On his website, Rep. Luetkemeyer says: “For far too long, American tax dollars have been sent to the United Nations to produce controversial science and feel-good conferences ... I hope my legislation makes it to the floor quickly to ensure that no future taxpayer dollars are spent to advance the United Nations’ global warming agenda.”
Office of Rep. Blaine Luetkemeyer, 1/14/15
http://luetkemeyer.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=398520
$55,250
59
MissourimoRepresentativeRepublicanJason SmithTRUEFALSE
According to Earth Forums, "Jason Smith currently represents this district with a view that the effects of climate change are 'uncertain,' so no action should be taken."
Earth Forums, last accessed 1/19
https://www.earthforums.com/forums/forum/environment/congress-on-climate-change/missouri/
$112,350
60
MissourimoRepresentativeRepublicanVicky HartzlerTRUEFALSE
During a cold snap in 2014, The Washington Post reported that Rep. Hartzler tweeted ironically, "Global warming strikes America! Brrrr!"
The Washington Post, 11/18/14
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2014/11/18/congresswoman-vicky-hartzler-wonders-why-its-so-cold-if-global-warming-exists-heres-the-answer/?utm_term=.12e64ee4d064
$104,400
61
NebraskaneRepresentativeRepublicanAdrian SmithTRUEFALSE
In a 2009 House floor speech declaring his concerns about cap-and-trade legislation, Rep. Smith said, "We are seeing serious doubts on the validity of the [climate] science of which is driving this flawed policy."
YouTube, 12/8/09
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scJX7MWuTos
$105,900
62
NebraskaneRepresentativeRepublicanDon BaconTRUEFALSE
Rep. Bacon recently wrote on Twitter, "In regards to climate change, there is no doubt temperatures are changing. We need to further study how much humans are responsible as opposed to natural causes, and from there take measures to protect our earth for future generations."
Twitter, 4/28/18
https://twitter.com/RepDonBacon/status/990238541509791745
$95,523
63
NevadanvRepresentativeRepublicanMark AmodeiTRUEFALSE
Rep. Amodei states on his website's "Environment" page: "I do not believe it is appropriate for the federal government to advocate one position over another in discussions of climate change. I do think that we should promote unbiased scientific research funded by both the government and the private sector to help answer climate change questions and bring effective solutions to any human causes."
Office of Rep. Mark Amodei, last accessed 1/19
https://amodei.house.gov/environment/
$79,000
64
North CarolinancRepresentativeRepublicanDavid RouzerTRUEFALSE
According to WECT, Rep. Rouzer said: "You have some scientists saying it is significantly influenced by mankind. You have some scientists say it is not influenced by mankind. Both are statements of fact ... From a public policy perspective, when you're dealing with property values, tax bases, people's lives, public policy should be based on sound science. Not the opinion of this group of scientists or that group of scientists. It needs to be real concrete science where you absolutely know for certain. The scientific community is split on climate science."
WECT, 3/1/17
http://www.wect.com/story/34630856/rowdy-crowd-confronts-congressman-rouzer-in-brunswick-county
$117,990
65
North CarolinancRepresentativeRepublicanMark HarrisTRUEFALSE
The Charlotte Observer reported: "Harris is an evangelical Christian who believes in a 'Young Earth' theory that the world was created less than 10,000 years ago. He disputes the findings of a majority of scientists who say the world is at least 4.5 billion years old. 'I think there’s a lot of issues with the dating,' Harris said this week. 'And there are also bodies of scientists that also hold to a Young Earth theory. Do I believe in creation? Yes. And the creative hand of God? I do. That’s part of my faith and that’s what I believe. . . . I will continue to base my faith on the belief in Genesis.' Harris says he values science and believes the answer to issues such as climate change is 'just to be good stewards of the earth.'"
The Charlotte Observer, 8/17/18
https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/election/article216590750.html
$6,500
66
North CarolinancRepresentativeRepublicanMark MeadowsTRUEFALSE
Right Wing Watch reported, "Meadows, for his part, mocked government officials who are concerned about climate change’s implications for national security: 'How ridiculous is that when you have our fighting men and women, they get up and they say, "man it’s a little chilly, maybe today is the day that we’ve got to worry about climate change." It’s just ridiculous.'”
Right Wing Watch, 9/26/14
http://www.rightwingwatch.org/post/values-voter-summit-common-core-not-climate-change-threatens-security/
$74,375
67
North CarolinancRepresentativeRepublicanMark WalkerTRUEFALSE
HuffPost reported on a 2017 town hall with Rep. Walker, writing, "he doesn’t doubt the climate is shifting, but that he is unsure 'how much of it is man-made,' and that acting to curb the causes might be too burdensome."
HuffPost, 5/30/17
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/mark-walker-climate-change-denier_us_592d9dece4b0df57cbfda9db
$39,000
68
North CarolinancRepresentativeRepublicanPatrick McHenryTRUEFALSE
As reported by the Asheville Citizen-Times, "McHenry said he is leaving the debate over the existence or cause of global warming to scientists, but has backed the renewable energy industry."
Asheville Citizen-Times, 8/9/16
http://www.citizen-times.com/story/news/local/2016/08/09/residents-challenge-mchenry-trump-guns-climate/88487362/
$231,750
69
North CarolinancRepresentativeRepublicanRichard HudsonTRUEFALSE
In a 2015 op-ed for the Independent Tribune, Rep. Hudson wrote: "Despite these glaring problems that beg for American leadership and must be addressed, President Barack Obama thinks our biggest challenge is the weather. He and his administration have repeatedly listed climate change as the biggest threat to future generations."
Independent Tribune, 12/8/15
https://www.independenttribune.com/opinion/threats-bigger-than-climate-change/article_8347f316-9db5-11e5-b500-5fa86c647e86.html
$286,050
70
North CarolinancRepresentativeRepublicanTed BuddTRUEFALSE
Rep. Budd told the News & Record that "he does not see 'clear evidence' that man contributes to climate change."
News & Record, 10/21/16
http://www.greensboro.com/opinion/n_and_r_editorials/our-opinion-bruce-davis-in-th/article_10b7bd90-7eb7-52cb-b302-5a699277a59d.html
$32,400
71
North CarolinancRepresentativeRepublicanVirginia FoxxTRUEFALSE
According to the Center for Public Integrity: “North Carolina Republican Virginia Foxx referenced books by climate-change skeptics and lamented that some environmentalists ‘think that we, human beings, have more impact on the climate and the world than God does.'”
Center for Public Integrity, 4/6/11
http://www.publicintegrity.org/2011/04/06/3956/climate-facts-and-fancy
$172,800
72
North CarolinancRepresentativeRepublicanWalter Jones Jr.TRUEFALSE
A spokesperson for Rep. Jones told McClatchy that the congressman “is skeptical of the theory of man-made climate change."
McClatchy, 11/25/16
https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/national/article116945728.html
$94,408
73
OhioohRepresentativeRepublicanBill JohnsonTRUEFALSE
On his Facebook page, Rep. Johnson posted an article entitled "MSNBC's Chuck Todd Keeps 'Climate Deniers' Off His Hourlong Global Warming Special," then wrote the following post in response: "The issue here isn't so-called 'climate change,' but what happens the next time there is an issue Chuck Todd or other members of the media don't want to debate? Today, it's this, but tomorrow it could be the 2nd Amendment or immigration. Not giving the other side a say and refusing to hear opinions contrary to your own - that's being a real 'denier', and, it creates a chilling effect on public debate and free speech."
Facebook, 1/6/19
https://www.facebook.com/billjohnsonleads/posts/10156816220541390?__xts__[0]=68.ARBEaJqBQDvB93GjmCySeuHfoVW3zwQGJCz1pVIJOmaS04ieGEriepfRdreDjc5cK7-KnQsbouxPt0NNGQAxD-75kRc0s2PqPL8-S9Ye8B3oZMLMjI_k9Hg3LZg8gO_hbIG-26lU8gC7LcnXY1fas3UCkEMjFgrgBkzaFOoe9WdnOsHarBRTwLjXDOx2HRXwvdU2vGAp1DnhaTbSddSqmZL6RJwY1DV16h3pfeoXjTVN34Dc2a-3rE3gCCq4oMVHjZoT1EQNg-7hTeadc6qB_W-LHxsXAWe9qA2cGVdoIIpPhCaOsflsFGfb87Cn0sWiIyxLCRJwzKETVsdK58Ru&__tn__=-R
$775,423
74
OhioohRepresentativeRepublicanBob GibbsTRUEFALSE
As reported by The Kenyon Collegian, during a public meeting, Rep. Gibbs told a group of residents "that he did not believe there is a scientific consensus on whether or not humans affect the climate, which caused an uproar among the attendees."
The Kenyon Collegian, 2/9/17
http://kenyoncollegian.com/2017/02/09/state-rep-hosts-meeting-on-aca-climate/
$437,909
75
OhioohRepresentativeRepublicanSteve ChabotTRUEFALSE
The Cincinnati Enquirer reported that Rep. Chabot said in a statement: “Despite claims to the contrary, the evidence concerning man-made climate change is far from conclusive ... However, what is conclusive is the damage some of the more extreme proposals intended to address climate change, like cap-and-trade, will have on our economy.”
The Cincinnati Enquirer, 10/11/14
http://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/politics/2014/10/11/climate-can-debate-forever/17137787/
$263,975
76
OhioohRepresentativeRepublicanSteve StiversTRUEFALSE
In a 2018 interview with News Journal, Stivers said, "It is clear the climate is changing to me." However, later on, he said: "We need to figure out how to create negative-emissions technology that can be used to essentially clean like a vacuum cleaner cleans this floor. Negative-emissions technology would take emissions and change them and put more oxygen and less carbon dioxide in the air ... It's called global warming, not America warming."
News Journal, 11/1/18
https://www.wnewsj.com/news/88304/u-s-rep-steve-stivers-clear-that-climate-is-changing
$496,974
77
OhioohRepresentativeRepublicanWarren DavidsonTRUEFALSE
According to the Journal-News, Rep. Davidson said that the “real science [behind climate change is] in dispute.”
Journal-News, 4/20/17
https://www.journal-news.com/news/davidson-isis-more-threat-than-climate-change/gSD89FAxoXGtDUu20ThJAK/
$14,361
78
OklahomaokRepresentativeRepublicanKevin HernTRUEFALSE
In January 2019, The New York Times reported, “Mr. Hern, the aerospace engineer elected in Oklahoma, has questioned whether human activity is the primary cause of climate change.” When CAP Action requested comment, Rep. Hern's office provided the New York Times article and did not respond to further requests for clarification.
The New York Times, 1/13/19
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/13/us/politics/scientists-congress.html
$91,661
79
OklahomaokRepresentativeRepublicanFrank LucasTRUEFALSE
As reported by HuffPost, during a House floor speech, Rep. Lucas said, “Most telling of the EPA’s irrational regulatory approach is how the EPA has concluded that the breath that we exhale, the gas that livestock expels, are dangerous pollutants and should be regulated by the Clean Air Act.”
HuffPost, 6/26/14
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/26/house-science-committee-c_n_5533992.html
$704,025
80
OklahomaokRepresentativeRepublicanMarkwayne MullinTRUEFALSE
In an interview with ThinkProgress, Rep. Mullin said, “I haven’t seen the reports that would get me to believe that anything’s different [with regards to climate change] than the patterns that we had, that we’ve gone through the time of records.”
YouTube, 8/8/13
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1FfLiWybmI
$640,400
81
PennsylvaniapaRepresentativeRepublicanGlenn ThompsonTRUEFALSE
As reported by the Centre Daily Times, at an August 2017 Town Hall, Rep. Thompson responded to a constituent's question about humans' role in climate change by saying, "I think humans contribute. The amount that it contributes versus, compared to the natural evolving climate changes and perhaps are based on sunspot activity.”
Centre Daily Times, 8/10/17
https://www.centredaily.com/news/local/article166631612.html
$471,918
82
PennsylvaniapaRepresentativeRepublicanJohn JoyceTRUEFALSE
In response to a question from Public Opinion, Rep. Joyce wrote: "Like most issues that scientists face, global warming cannot be explained by one cause alone. Variations in solar energy, the cyclical changes in the tilt, the orbit of the earth around the sun, the changing oceanic circulation, as well as human effects, can ALL contribute to this problem. A simple one answer solution is not obvious. Just as all cancers cannot be assumed to be caused by one agent, Global warming is a multi-factorial problem that will require evaluation from many angles to solve."
Public Opinion, 10/18/18
https://www.publicopiniononline.com/story/news/2018/10/18/pennsylvania-midterms-look-inside-13-th-congressional-district-race/1616336002/
$10,500
83
PennsylvaniapaRepresentativeRepublicanScott PerryTRUEFALSE
In an article about candidates' views on climate change, PennLive wrote: "'The climate's changing, without a doubt. I think we contribute to it. I don't know exactly how, and that becomes the rub,' Perry said. He went on to cite research that suggest global surface temperature data often used to corroborate climate change over time has been 'adjusted' to make the planet appear cooler in the past."
PennLive, 10/25/18
https://www.pennlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2018/10/where_they_stand_a_look_at_the.html
$128,450
84
South CarolinascRepresentativeRepublicanJeff DuncanTRUEFALSE
In response to the October 2018 International Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, Rep. Duncan said: “The climate alarmists continue to move the goalposts when their politically motivated projections do not come true. What was predicted decades ago has yet to take place. We all know that global temperatures have changed throughout the generations, but we must not look to activist climate organizations to push a false agenda in an effort to upend parts of our economy."
Index-Journal, 10/12/18
http://www.indexjournal.com/news/major-climate-change-report-met-with-silence-by-sc-gop/article_39e22255-80e0-5338-9191-af1a8abef10a.html
$228,750
85
South CarolinascRepresentativeRepublicanJoe WilsonTRUEFALSE
Rep. Wilson questioned the science underlying climate change on Twitter: "Interesting article about the 'facts' concerning climate change." The article Wilson shared was from The Daily Caller and was titled "300 Scientists Want NOAA to Stop Hiding Its Global Warming Data."
Twitter, 2/13/16
https://twitter.com/CongJoeWilson/status/698661240520839168
$97,150
86
TennesseetnRepresentativeRepublicanChuck FleischmannTRUEFALSE
In a 2012 candidate debate, when asked his views on climate change Rep. Fleischmann responded, “I think we ought to take Al Gore, put him on an iceberg, and put him way out there.”
Chattanooga Times Free Press, 7/7/12
https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/opinion/times/story/2012/jul/07/put-who-on-an-iceberg-chattanooga-times/81964/
$80,100
87
TennesseetnRepresentativeRepublicanPhil RoeTRUEFALSE
According to Vote Smart, Rep. Roe maintains: “Many believe greenhouse gas emissions are contributing to the gradual warming of our planet and changing of our climate. While there are many questions surrounding the science of the issue, it seems to me like we could develop a solution that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions without inflicting catastrophic damage on our economy.”
Vote Smart, 1/1/11
http://votesmart.org/public-statement/549174/
$49,400
88
TennesseetnRepresentativeRepublicanTim BurchettTRUEFALSE
In response to a winter snowstorm, Rep. Burchett tweeted, "Al Gore needs to scrape my dadgum windshield."
Twitter, 1/5/18
https://twitter.com/timburchett/status/949267790049042432
$11,950
89
TexastxRepresentativeRepublicanBrian BabinTRUEFALSE
On Twitter, Rep. Babin wrote, "Great discussion w/@SarahPalinUSA today at #ClimateHustle screening about the falsehoods of climate change. #TX36"
Twitter, 4/14/16
https://twitter.com/RepBrianBabin/status/720722040152526848
$176,492
90
TexastxRepresentativeRepublicanChip RoyTRUEFALSE
The San Antonio Express-News reported, "Shortly after he received Smith’s endorsement in the runoff, Roy said the two Republicans agree on 'the hysteria around climate change.'"
San Antonio Express-News, 5/13/18
https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/politics/article/Chip-Roy-s-plan-to-get-Washington-out-of-the-12911492.php
$114,200
91
TexastxRepresentativeRepublicanDan CrenshawTRUEFALSE
On a Facebook Live feed, Rep. Crenshaw said: "We need to have a well-reasoned discussion and debate about what is causing climate change ... We can't start off the conversation saying the climate is settled. The right way to have this conversation is to actually listen to what the science says on both sides."
Facebook, 6/24/18
https://www.facebook.com/CrenshawforCongress/videos/talking-veteran-issues-climate-change-and-immigration-see-you-next-week/632055277187223/
$101,445
92
TexastxRepresentativeRepublicanJodey ArringtonTRUEFALSE
Abilene Reporter-News reported: "Global warming has become a political thunderstorm. Mr. Arrington said the facts fall both ways, so he's not yet convinced."
Abilene Reporter-News, 5/15/16
http://archive.reporternews.com/opinion/editorials/our-opinion-19th-congressional-district-329205db-ad86-1fe4-e053-0100007f1a8f-379533991.html
$139,650
93
TexastxRepresentativeRepublicanJohn CarterTRUEFALSE
In an op-ed published on his website, Rep. Carter said, “We may or may not even be in a warming cycle. Even if we are, scientific evidence does not conclude that activity by man plays any significant role.”
Office of Rep. John Carter, last accessed 1/19
https://carter.house.gov/opeds/the-return-of-the-warmers/
$383,428
94
TexastxRepresentativeRepublicanKevin BradyTRUETRUE
In 2014, Rep. Brady posted a Daily Caller article titled "NASA data shows that the 'pause' in global warming continues" on Facebook, commenting, "I wonder if proponents of 'climate change' consider a NASA climatologist worth listening to."
Facebook, 1/23/14
https://www.facebook.com/kevinbrady/posts/i-wonder-if-proponents-of-climate-change-consider-a-nasa-climatologist-worth-lis/10152677313817334/
$1,753,762
95
TexastxRepresentativeRepublicanLance GoodenTRUEFALSE
In response to a question from The Dallas Morning News' voter guide, Rep. Gooden said: "I don’t deny the conclusions of the scientific community, but I take issue with those who claim to have all the answers. Climate science is imprecise and so are the consequences of any legislative action we take to address the issue. We can never be so arrogant to believe we can predict with certainty the impacts that will follow specific regulations about emissions, not only for the environment, but also for our economy."
The Dallas Morning News, last accessed 1/19
https://voterguide.dallasnews.com/2018-general/candidates/469/
$54,350
96
TexastxRepresentativeRepublicanLouie GohmertTRUEFALSE
In a Breitbart News Daily radio clip, Rep. Gohmert said: “I also noticed, Steven, that it seems like when you hear somebody say over and over again that climate change is our biggest problem, they don’t know that climate has been changing a lot worse over all the millennia of mankind. In fact, I asked a witness, hey, is it as warm as it was back when Leif Erikson and the Norse came across to Greenland and had all those farms in Greenland? He said, it’s never gotten anywhere close to being that warm since then. Do we have any idea what kind of internal combustion engines they were using back then that was causing all this climate change?”
SoundCloud, 2/25/16
https://soundcloud.com/breitbart/breitbart-news-daily-congressman-louie-gohmert-february-25-2016
$451,354
97
TexastxRepresentativeRepublicanMac ThornberryTRUEFALSE
Hereford BRAND reported that Rep. Thornberry said, “We need to be careful of what we say in the name of climate change ... It has become untethered from what the science really proves so far.”
Hereford BRAND, 9/10/16
http://herefordbrand.com/web/rep-unsure-climate-change/
$666,155
98
TexastxRepresentativeRepublicanMichael C BurgessTRUEFALSE
The Denton Record-Chronicle reported that Rep. Burgess recently hosted the annual University of North Texas (UNT) Energy Summit and Fair, where regional EPA Administrator Anne Idsal spoke. When asked about her views on climate change, she said that she "doesn't necessarily think the science has panned out on that ... there is a potential that you do have some impact from humankind throughout the globe. What exactly that impact may be or is, I don’t necessarily think the science has been settled on that.” At the end of the event, when asked about Idsal's statements, Burgess simply said, "I don't disagree with her."
Denton Record-Chronicle, 7/7/18
https://www.dentonrc.com/news/epa-administrator-says-science-not-panned-out-yet-on-climate/article_a1394752-f531-5869-87b6-c77bc95e5efe.html
$428,846
99
TexastxRepresentativeRepublicanMichael McCaulTRUEFALSE
In his keynote speech at the 2018 International Affairs Fellowship Conference, Rep. McCaul said, "Well, that issue’s gotten completely politicized, as you know. And, you know, the question is, are we going through a normal Earth cycle or is it—how much of this is man-made?"
Council on Foreign Relations, 5/11/18
https://www.cfr.org/event/conversation-michael-mccaul
$612,084
100
TexastxRepresentativeRepublicanMike ConawayTRUEFALSE
Rep. Conaway said on the House floor, “Science is never settled … They changed the phraseology because the climate isn’t warming.”
YouTube, 6/29/09
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIpqErN9LJU
$1,427,442