PEN America Index of Educational Gag Orders

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1	PEN America is no longer updating this version of the index. Please use this link to view the current Index of Educational Gag Orders.
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7	State	Bill Number with hyperlink to legislative page/draft	Date Introduced	Status as of November 1, 2023	Primary Sponsor	Description* *This is a summary of notable provisions. For detailed analysis of bills, see our report and monthly round-ups.	Explicitly Targets	Enforcement/Penalties* *Penalties do not necessarily apply to every provision of the bill.

8	Alabama	HB 7	1/20/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Ed Oliver (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and universities from compelling students or employees to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, color, religion, sex, ethnicity, or national origin. Students and employees may not be required to attend any class, training, or orientation where these ideas are promoted.	Public K-12, public colleges	Professional discipline
9	Arizona	HB 2189	1/24/2023	Pending	Rep. Jennifer Longdon (D)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from adopting any textbook or instructional materials that contain any matter "reflecting adversely" on people on the basis or race, ethnicity, sex, religion, disability, nationality, sexual orientation, or gender identity.	Public K-12	None specified
10	Arizona	SB 1700	2/2/2023	Pending, passed by Senate	Sen. Justine Wadsack (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and charter schools from holding in the library or using in the classroom any book that is "lewd" or promotes "gender fluidity" or "gender pronouns." Parents who identify such a book may submit it to the state Department of Education for review, where it will be added to a list of prohibited books statewide.	Public K-12	None specified
11	Connecticut	SB 280	1/18/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Robert Sampson (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from adopting a curriculum that "includes the teaching of biased political ideology or make any individual feel discomfort, guilt, anguish or any other form of psychological distress on account of the individual's race or sex." In the bill, "biased policial ideology" is defined as including certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12	None specified
12	Florida	SB 244	2/24/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Alexis Calatayud (R)	Creates right of private action for students, teachers, and faculty who believe they have experienced discrimination under HB 7.	K-12, colleges	Creates new penalty.
13	Hawaii	HB 509	1/20/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Diamond Garcia (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-3, or thereafter in a manner that is not age or developmentally appropriate.	Public K-12	Private right of action
14	Hawaii	SB 1428	1/25/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Brenton Awa (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-3, or thereafter in a manner that is not age or developmentally appropriate.	Public K-12	Private right of action
15	Illinois	HB 2184	2/7/2023	Pending	Rep. Adam Niemerg (R)	Bars K-12 schools and colleges from directing or compelling students to affirm or adopt certain ideas related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color or natural origin. Parents, students, and members of the public have the right to object to any part of a K-12 curriculum that directs or compells affirmation or adoption of such ideas, and the school must address that objection. Note: The bill goes on to state that one way the school may address the objection is to "provide additional balance or factual basis, or correct any factual bases found to be incorrect or biased." It is unclear how this step would address a lesson involving directed or compelled speech.	Public K-12 and colleges	None specified
16	Indiana	SB 413	1/19/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Gary Byrne (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction on sexual orientation or gender identity" in grades K-12.	K-12	Private right of action
17	Indiana	HB 1338	1/17/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Shane Lindauer (R)	Prohibits public and private accredited K-12 schools from promoting certain ideas related to race or sex. Public colleges and universities may not require students to attend any mandatory gender or sexual diversity training or counseling.	Public and private K-12, public colleges	None specified
18	Indiana	HB 1523	1/19/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Bruce Borders (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from promoting certain ideas related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color, or national origin.	K-12	None specified
19	Indiana	SB 386	1/19/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Jeff Raatz (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from compelling or promoting belief in certain concepts related to age, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, creed, color, marital status, familial status, mental or physical disability, religion, or national origin.	K-12	Professional training
20	Iowa	HSB 112	1/30/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	House Education Committee	Creates a penalty for violations of HF 802.	Public K-12	Creates new penalty
21	Iowa	SF 159	1/26/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Sandy Salmon (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-8.	Public K-12	Private right of action
22	Louisiana	HB 466	3/31/2023	Pending, passed by House and Senate	Rep. Dodie Horton (R)	Prohibits public K-12 teachers, employees, or other "presenters" from discussing with students in grades K-12 the topics of sexual orientation or gender identity in any manner that deviates from approved curricula, nor from discussing these topics during any extracurricular activity. Teachers, employees, and presenters may not discuss their own sexual orientation or gender identity.	Public K-12	None specified
23	Minnesota	HF 2019	2/20/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Duane Quam (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools, colleges, and universities from teaching or promoting certain ideas related to race or sex, or requiring students read a book that teaches or promotes those ideas.	Public K-12 and colleges	Private right of action
24	Minnesota	SF 1495	2/9/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Eric Lucero (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools or higher education institutions from promoting, encouraging, or advocating for certain ideas related to race or sex, nor require students from consuming any media that espouses, encourages, advocates, or promotes those ideas.	Public K-12 and colleges	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support Private right of action
25	Missouri	SB 42	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Rick Brattin (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from including in their curricula the 1619 Project, "critical race theory," or "any successor concepts or theories substantially similar" to them, or certain concepts related to race or sex. Teachers may not require students to participate in any lobbying or political activism, nor may schools require teachers to discuss currently controversial topics or matters of public policy.	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
26	Missouri	HB 165	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Brian Seitz (R)	Bars public K-12 schools from including in a required orientation any "race or sex stereotyping". No teacher or student may be compelled to adopt or affirm certain concepts related to race or sex. No pupil in any public school shall be required to engage in any form of mandatory gender or sexual diversity training or counseling.	K-12	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
27	Missouri	HB 482	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Ben Baker (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from directing or compelling any student or teacher to adopt or affirm an idea that violates the Civil Rights Act, including certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	K-12	None specified
28	Missouri	HB 627	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Phil Christofanelli (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from compelling teachers or students to adopt or affirm any idea "in violation of Title IV or Title VI of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964," including certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	K-12	None specified
29	Missouri	SB 451	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Curtis Trent (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from compelling teachers or students to adopt or affirm any idea "in violation of Title IV or Title VI of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964," including certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	K-12	None specified
30	Missouri	HB 75	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Ann Kelley (R)	Prohibits public K-12 school or college from requiring or making part of a course certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12, college	None specified
31	Missouri	SB 410	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Andrew Koenig (R)	Prohibits public colleges and universities, as well as private ones that receive state funding, from requiring students to agree with or answer questions related to "antiracism, implicit bias, health equity, and any other related instructions or that promote differential treatment based on race, gender, religion, ethnicity, and sexual preference." Students who take classwork related to these issues may not receive any benefit or compensation that may not also be received by students who decline to take such classwork.	Public and private colleges and universities	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
32	Missouri	HB 634	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Ann Kelley (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from including any classroom instruction on sexual orientation or gender identity at any grade level.	K-12	Private right of action
33	Missouri	SB 158	12/1/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Nick Schroer (R)	Bars public K-12 schools from directing or compelling students or employees to discuss a public policy issue or to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	K-12	Private right of action
34	Missouri	SB 172	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Denny Hoskins (R)	Bars K-12 schools from including or promoting as part of their curricula certain ideas related to race or sex.	K-12	None specified
35	Missouri	SB 4	12/1/2022	Pending, passed by Senate, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Andrew Koenig (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from requiring teachers or students to adopt or affirm certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin. No course of instruction, unit of study, or professional development may "direct or compel" such adoption or affirmation. Requires the Department of Education to develop and promote a "patriotic curriculum".	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Loss of accreditation
36	Montana	SB 235	1/30/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Daniel Emrich (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including in their science instruction any "scientific theories". Schools may only offer instruction in "scientific facts," defined in the bill as "an indisputable and repeatable observation of a natural phenomenon."	Public K-12	None specified
37	Montana	SB 413	2/20/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Carl Glimm (R)	Prohbits public K-12 schools from offering instruction or providing materials for students that has as its primary purpose the study or exploration of gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, or sexual relationships.	Public K-12	None specified
38	Nebraska	LB 374	1/12/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Dave Murman (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from compelling any teacher or student to adopt, affirm, or profess any idea "in violation of Title IV or Title VI of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964," including certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin. Teachers must "endeavor to present facts without distortion, bias, or personal prejudice."	K-12	None specified
39	New Hampshire	HB 619	1/12/2023	Pending	Rep. Terry Roy (R)	Prohibits teachers in grades K-8 from teaching students that gender is "a choice, optional or fluid and that there are more than 2 genders: male and female." Teachers in grades 9-12 may do so, but only with parental permission and only "as a part of an approved psychology course setting where the educator is a licensed child psychologist, and they may only teach that there may be more than 2 genders in the context of teaching about the mental health condition known as gender dysphoria." No educator may teach the use of any pronouns for a person other than "he/him/his" and "she/her/hers". Schools may only refer to students by the name and gender indicated on the enrolment form submitted by their parents.	K-12	Professional discipline Private right of action
40	New Jersey	A 4042	5/16/2022	Pending	Rep. Eric Peterson (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from providing any classroom instruction on "sex, sex acts, abortion, birth control, sexual orientation, or gender identity" from grades K-5, nor thereafter without the express written permission of parents.	K-12	Private right of action
41	New Jersey	S 2685	5/19/2022	Pending	Sen. Edward Durr (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from promoting or using materials that promote "concepts related to critical race theory", including certain ideas related to race or sex. Creates a hotline to be used by parents to notify the state of any violation.	K-12	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
42	New Jersey	SB 598/A 783	1/12/2022	Pending	Sens. Michael Testa, Joseph Pennacchio, Reps. Gerard Scharfenberger, Robert Auth (R)	Bans public schools from including certain concepts in their instruction, except when the concepts relate to specific historical events or documents. Prohibits teachers from "endorsing, supporting, or opposing" any political candidate, policy, or court decision. Requires that teachers only discuss an issue included in a political party's platform when it is germane to the subject being taught, in which case the issue must be presented in a fair-minded and nonpartisan manner.	K-12	None specified
43	New Jersey	A3647/A6140/SB664	1/11/2022	Pending	Rep. Harold J. Wirths, Sen. Steven Oroho (R)	Bans public employers from requiring that any employee complete a training program that encourages the adoption of certain ideas related to race, sex, and other identities.	K-12, colleges, state institutions	None specified
44	North Carolina	H 187	2/23/2023	Pending, passed by House	Rep. John Torbett (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from compelling students or employees to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race or sex.	Public K-12	None specified
45	North Carolina	SB 49	2/7/2023	Pending, passed by House and Senate	Sen. Amy Galey (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to gender identity, sexual activity, or sexuality in grades K-4.	Public K-12	Private right of action
46	North Dakota	HB 1526	1/18/2023	Pending, passed by House, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Scott Dyk (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and colleges from espousing, promoting, advancing, inculcating, or compeling students or employees to believe certain concepts related to race, color, sex, or national origin, or that any "virtue" is racist or sexist. Teachers may not engage in "social emotional learning," "inform a student's worldview based on emotions," or "teach a student that the student's inner feelings are capable of guiding the student's life."	K-12	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
47	Ohio	HB 151	4/6/2023	Pending	Rep. Steve Demetriou (R)	Requires public colleges and universities to provide that "no aspect of life at the institution, within or outside the classroom, requires, favors, disfavors, or prohibits speech or action to support any political, social, or religious belief." No "training course" related to diversity, equity, or inclusion may be required. Faculty may not "seek to inculcate any social, political, or religious point of view."	Public colleges and universities	None specified
48	Ohio	SB 83	3/14/2023	Pending, passed by Senate	Sen. Jerry Cirino (R)	Prohibits public college and university faculty from seeking to "inculcate any social, political, or religious point of view."	Public colleges and universities	None specified
49	Oklahoma	SB 20	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. George Burns (R)	Bars K-12 schools from requiring teachers of civics, history, and similar courses to discuss "current events or widely debated and currently controversial issues of contemporary public policy or contemporary social affairs." Those who choose to do so must teach the material from "diverse and contending perspectives." Bars K-12 schools from requiring or awarding course credit for lobbying, public policy advocacy, or any similar form of political activism.	K-12	None specified
50	Oklahoma	SB 30	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Cody Rogers (R)	Bars public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to "sexual orientation or gender identity" to students in K-6 grades or to students in grades 7-12 in a manner that is not "age-appropriate or developmentally appropriate."	K-12	Private right of action
51	Oklahoma	SB 866	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. David Bullard (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction, program, test, activity, survey, or questionnaire on matters pertaining to sex education, sexual orientation, or gender identity to students in grades K-5.	K-12	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
52	Oklahoma	SB 933	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Amends HB 1775 to prohibit K-12 schools from compelling the adoption or affirmation of a list of certain concepts, to which are added as categories ethnicity and national origin. Adds explcitly penalties.	K-12	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support Private right of action
53	Oklahoma	SB 973	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-6. Any instruction offered in grades thereafter shall give equal time to "the two-gender perspective".	K-12	None specified
54	Oklahoma	SB 348	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Nathan Dahm (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools, colleges, and other public agencies and political subdivisions from adopting a policy or training material that promotes certian ideas related to race or sex.	K-12, colleges, state agencies	None specified
55	Oklahoma	SB 1072	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits public and private K-12 schools and colleges from engaging in "grooming" of a minor, defined in the bill as " the deliberate act of bringing a child into a sexual, political, or racial ideology, practice, cult, or lifestyle without the knowledge or consent of his or her parents for the aim of isolating the child from his or her family so the external party can abuse and manipulate him or her."	Public and private K-12	Criminal penalty
56	Oklahoma	SB 935	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits public and private accredited K-12 schools from including or promoting "critical race theory" or certain ideas related to race, sex, or other classes of people. Recognizes "secular humanism" as a religion for the purposes of the First Amendment, thereby prohibiting any public agency from promoting its tenets or compelling their adoption or affirmation. Lawsuits against school districts believed to have violated this bill may be brought by parents of students or any taxpayer in the state.	Public and private K-12	Private right of action Professional discipline
57	Oklahoma	SB 937	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits public and accredited private K-12 schools from promoting the concepts or any instruction related to "gender identity" (defined as "non-secular self-asserted sex-based identity narratives") or "sexual orientation" (defined as "homosexual, lesbian, or transgender" identities), both of which are described as stemming from non-secular humanism" and therefore are violations of the Establishment Clause. Schools are also prohibited from "mandating non-obvious pronouns" or hosting Drag Queen Story Hours.	Public and private K-12	Private right of action Professional discipline
58	Oklahoma	HB 1780	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Danny Williams (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any form of sex education.	Public K-12	None specified
59	Oklahoma	SB 1017	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from maintaining in their library or making part of their curricula any material that makes as its primary subject "the study of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender issues or recreational sexualization."	Public K-12	None specified
60	Oklahoma	SB 1027	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from using any curricula with content related to social-emotional learning. Schools may not promote school or civic engagement, or that builds "an equitable learning framework" that addresses "non-cognitive social factors" such as self-awareness, social awareness, relationship skills, attributes, dispositions, social skills, beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, and so forth.	Public K-12	Private right of action
61	Oklahoma	HB 2546	2/6/2023	Pending, passed by House, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Terry O'Donnell (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-5, or thereafter in a manner that is no age appropriate or developmentally appropriate.	Public K-12	None specified
62	Rhode Island	H 5739	2/21/2023	Pending	Rep. Patricia Morgan (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from making part of its curricula certain ideas related to race or sex.Schools may not adopt any instructional material that depicts "identity groups" as oppressors or victims, nor any material that exclusively focuses or centers on " the history, literature, current events, or cultural contributions of individual identity groups." Books and instructional materials may not center any race, ethnicity, gender, religion or viewpoint.	Public K-12	Professional discipline
63	South Carolina	HB 3466	1/10/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Bill Taylor (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from directing or compelling students to adopt or affirm certain concepts related to sex, race, ethnicity, color, or national origin, nor make any distinction or classification of students on the basis of race or color. Teachers may not be required to attend any professional development training that includes certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12	None specified
64	South Carolina	SB 3304	1/10/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Raye Felder (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including or promoting certain concepts related to race, sex, ethnicity, color, or national origin. Students and staff may not be required to participate in any gender or sexual diversity training. Schools are prohibited from using any instruction or instructional materials that "create a narrative that the United States was founded for the purpose of oppression, that the American Revolution was fought for the purpose of protecting oppression or that United States history is a story defined by oppression."	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
65	South Carolina	S 246	11/30/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Joshua Kimbrell (R)	Bars public K-12 schools and universities from using any classroom instruction or curricula in order to "indoctrinate or persuade" any students to adopt certain concepts related to race or gender.	K-12, colleges	None specified
66	South Carolina	HB 3827/SB 424	1/26/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Marvin Smith (R)	Prohibits public and private K-12 schools and colleges from including, promoting, or compelling belief in certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, biological sex, sexual orientation, national origin, heritage, culture, religion, or political belief, as well as ideas related to the social construction of race, unconscious or implicit bias, and pronoun usage. Schools and colleges may not promote instruction that "materially distorts or misrepresents verifiable historical facts" or that "teaches theoretical ideas or uncorroborated claims as factual." Nor may these institutions subject minors to any material (e.g. in the classroom, library, book fair, etc.) that contains any sexually explicit or obscene material in any amount or context, or that references "concepts or instruction on sexual activity, sexual orientation, gender theory, gender identity, gender multiplicity, or gender expression" prior to Grade 9.	Public and private K-12 and colleges	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/loss of state financial support Private right of action
67	South Carolina	HB 3779	1/24/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Jermaine Johnson (D)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including in their history curriculum any instruction relating to slaveowners.	Public K-12	None specified
68	South Carolina	H 3728	1/18/2023	Pending, passed by Senate, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Raye Felder (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including, promoting, or compelling belief in certain ideas related to race, sex, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	K-12	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
69	South Carolina	HB 3464	1/10/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Steven Long (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and colleges from directing, compelling, or introducing a course of instruction that directs or compells a student to adopt or affirm "the tenets of Critical Race Theory," defined as certain concepts related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color, and national origin.	K-12, colleges	None specified
70	Tennessee	HB 571/SB 603	3/8/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Michele Carringer (R), Sen. Joseph Hensley (R)	Prohibits public colleges, universities, and medical schools that offers health-related degrees from requiring students to "study or ascribe to DEI ideologies," defined as "an effort to promote racial diversity in an aspect of a healthcare related academic program; a reference to group differences within a given setting along cultural, ethnic, gender, gender identity, national origin, race, religion, or sexual orientation lines; and promulgating policies, practices, and procedures designed or implemented with reference to those group differences."	Public colleges, universities, and medical schools	Private right of action
71	Texas	HB 1006	12/13/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Carl Tepper (R)	Requires public universities to develop a policy that prohibits "the endorsement or dissuasion of, or interference with, any lifestyle, race, sex, religion, or culture." The policy must also prohibit any office that funds, promotes, sponsors, or supports diversity, equity, or inclusion beyond what is necessary to uphold the 14th Amendment of the Constitution.	Colleges	Private right of action
72	Texas	HB 1155	1/3/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Jared Patterson (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from including any instruction on sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-8, or thereafter in a manner that is not "age appropriate or developmentally appropriate."	K-12	None specified
73	Texas	HB 631	11/14/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Steve Toth (R)	Bars public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to "sexual orientation or gender identity" to students in K-5 grades or to students in grades 6-12 "in a manner that is not age-appropriate or developmentally appropriate" or that conflicts with state standards.	K-12	None specified
74	Texas	SB 393	1/12/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Bob Hall (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity at any grade level. Requires schools to notify parents of any "information related to the student's perception of the student's biological sex if that perception is inconsistent with the student's biological sex as determined by the student's sex organs, chromosomes, and endogenous hormone profiles." Schools may not permit students to join or participate in any student club that "promotes themes of sexuality, gender, or gender identity" without parental approval.	K-12	None specified
75	Texas	HB 1033	12/19/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Carl Tepper (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and universities from requiring, or contracting with any organization that requires, any person to receive or participate in a training, identify a commitment to, or make a statement of personal belief supporting any specific partisan, political, or ideological set of beliefs, including an ideology or movement that promotes the differential treatment of any individual or group based on race or ethnicity, including initiatives related to diversity, equity, and inclusion or that assert that an institution that upholds equal protection under the law is racist, oppressive, or unjust.	K-12, colleges	None specified
76	Texas	HB 1607	1/25/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Cody Harris (R)	Prohibits public colleges and universities from promoting certain ideas related to race, sex, and American history.	Public colleges	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
77	Texas	HB 1541	1/23/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Steve Toth (R)	Prohoibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-8, or thereafter in a manner that is not age or developmentally appropriate.	Public K-12	Professional discipline
78	Texas	HB 1804	1/30/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Terri Leo-Wilson (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from adopting any instructional material that includes certain ideas related to race or sex. Instructional material must "present positive aspects of the United States and its heritage, if the instructional material discusses the United States or its heritage" and must not "encourage lifestyles that deviate from generally accepted standards of society."	Public K-12	None specified
79	Texas	HB 4252	3/8/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. James Talarico (D)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from requiring or making part of a course "teaching regarding white supremacist ideologies, including the great replacement theory, unless those ideologies are discussed in the appropriate historical and sociological context."	Public K-12	None specified
80	Texas	SB 1443	3/2/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Bob Hall (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including in their libraries any material that contains "any type of romantic or sexual attraction between individuals of the same sex" or that includes a referral to "a website or material that contains a depiction or description" of a romantic or sexual attraction between individuals of the same sex.	Public K-12	None specified
81	Texas	SB 16	3/10/2023	Pending, passed by Senate, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Bryan Hughes (R)	Prohibits public college and university faculty from compelling students to adopt or affirm certain beliefs related to race, sex, or ethnicity or social, political, or religious belief.	Public college	None specified
82	Texas	SB 8	3/10/2023	Pending, passed by Senate, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Charles Creighton (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from providing any "instruction, guidance, activities, or programming" regarding sexual orientation or gender identity to students in grades K-12.	Public K-12	None specified

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7	State	Bill Number with hyperlink to legislative page/draft	Date Introduced	Status as of November 1, 2023	Primary Sponsor	Description* *This is a summary of notable provisions. For detailed analysis of bills, see our report and monthly round-ups.	Explicitly Targets	Enforcement/Penalties* *Penalties do not necessarily apply to every provision of the bill.

8	Alabama	HB 7	1/20/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Ed Oliver (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and universities from compelling students or employees to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, color, religion, sex, ethnicity, or national origin. Students and employees may not be required to attend any class, training, or orientation where these ideas are promoted.	Public K-12, public colleges	Professional discipline
9	Florida	SB 244	2/24/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Alexis Calatayud (R)	Creates right of private action for students, teachers, and faculty who believe they have experienced discrimination under HB 7.	K-12, colleges	Creates new penalty.
10	Illinois	HB 2184	2/7/2023	Pending	Rep. Adam Niemerg (R)	Bars K-12 schools and colleges from directing or compelling students to affirm or adopt certain ideas related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color or natural origin. Parents, students, and members of the public have the right to object to any part of a K-12 curriculum that directs or compells affirmation or adoption of such ideas, and the school must address that objection. Note: The bill goes on to state that one way the school may address the objection is to "provide additional balance or factual basis, or correct any factual bases found to be incorrect or biased." It is unclear how this step would address a lesson involving directed or compelled speech.	Public K-12 and colleges	None specified
11	Indiana	HB 1338	1/17/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Shane Lindauer (R)	Prohibits public and private accredited K-12 schools from promoting certain ideas related to race or sex. Public colleges and universities may not require students to attend any mandatory gender or sexual diversity training or counseling.	Public and private K-12, public colleges	None specified
12	Minnesota	HF 2019	2/20/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Duane Quam (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools, colleges, and universities from teaching or promoting certain ideas related to race or sex, or requiring students read a book that teaches or promotes those ideas.	Public K-12 and colleges	Private right of action
13	Minnesota	SF 1495	2/9/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Eric Lucero (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools or higher education institutions from promoting, encouraging, or advocating for certain ideas related to race or sex, nor require students from consuming any media that espouses, encourages, advocates, or promotes those ideas.	Public K-12 and colleges	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support Private right of action
14	Missouri	HB 75	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Ann Kelley (R)	Prohibits public K-12 school or college from requiring or making part of a course certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12, college	None specified
15	Missouri	SB 410	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Andrew Koenig (R)	Prohibits public colleges and universities, as well as private ones that receive state funding, from requiring students to agree with or answer questions related to "antiracism, implicit bias, health equity, and any other related instructions or that promote differential treatment based on race, gender, religion, ethnicity, and sexual preference." Students who take classwork related to these issues may not receive any benefit or compensation that may not also be received by students who decline to take such classwork.	Public and private colleges and universities	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
16	New Jersey	A3647/A6140/SB664	1/11/2022	Pending	Rep. Harold J. Wirths, Sen. Steven Oroho (R)	Bans public employers from requiring that any employee complete a training program that encourages the adoption of certain ideas related to race, sex, and other identities.	K-12, colleges, state institutions	None specified
17	Ohio	HB 151	4/6/2023	Pending	Rep. Steve Demetriou (R)	Requires public colleges and universities to provide that "no aspect of life at the institution, within or outside the classroom, requires, favors, disfavors, or prohibits speech or action to support any political, social, or religious belief." No "training course" related to diversity, equity, or inclusion may be required. Faculty may not "seek to inculcate any social, political, or religious point of view."	Public colleges and universities	None specified
18	Ohio	SB 83	3/14/2023	Pending, passed by Senate	Sen. Jerry Cirino (R)	Prohibits public college and university faculty from seeking to "inculcate any social, political, or religious point of view."	Public colleges and universities	None specified
19	Oklahoma	SB 348	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Nathan Dahm (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools, colleges, and other public agencies and political subdivisions from adopting a policy or training material that promotes certian ideas related to race or sex.	K-12, colleges, state agencies	None specified
20	South Carolina	S 246	11/30/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Joshua Kimbrell (R)	Bars public K-12 schools and universities from using any classroom instruction or curricula in order to "indoctrinate or persuade" any students to adopt certain concepts related to race or gender.	K-12, colleges	None specified
21	South Carolina	HB 3827/SB 424	1/26/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Marvin Smith (R)	Prohibits public and private K-12 schools and colleges from including, promoting, or compelling belief in certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, biological sex, sexual orientation, national origin, heritage, culture, religion, or political belief, as well as ideas related to the social construction of race, unconscious or implicit bias, and pronoun usage. Schools and colleges may not promote instruction that "materially distorts or misrepresents verifiable historical facts" or that "teaches theoretical ideas or uncorroborated claims as factual." Nor may these institutions subject minors to any material (e.g. in the classroom, library, book fair, etc.) that contains any sexually explicit or obscene material in any amount or context, or that references "concepts or instruction on sexual activity, sexual orientation, gender theory, gender identity, gender multiplicity, or gender expression" prior to Grade 9.	Public and private K-12 and colleges	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/loss of state financial support Private right of action
22	South Carolina	HB 3464	1/10/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Steven Long (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and colleges from directing, compelling, or introducing a course of instruction that directs or compells a student to adopt or affirm "the tenets of Critical Race Theory," defined as certain concepts related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color, and national origin.	K-12, colleges	None specified
23	Tennessee	HB 571/SB 603	3/8/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Michele Carringer (R), Sen. Joseph Hensley (R)	Prohibits public colleges, universities, and medical schools that offers health-related degrees from requiring students to "study or ascribe to DEI ideologies," defined as "an effort to promote racial diversity in an aspect of a healthcare related academic program; a reference to group differences within a given setting along cultural, ethnic, gender, gender identity, national origin, race, religion, or sexual orientation lines; and promulgating policies, practices, and procedures designed or implemented with reference to those group differences."	Public colleges, universities, and medical schools	Private right of action
24	Texas	HB 1006	12/13/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Carl Tepper (R)	Requires public universities to develop a policy that prohibits "the endorsement or dissuasion of, or interference with, any lifestyle, race, sex, religion, or culture." The policy must also prohibit any office that funds, promotes, sponsors, or supports diversity, equity, or inclusion beyond what is necessary to uphold the 14th Amendment of the Constitution.	Colleges	Private right of action
25	Texas	HB 1033	12/19/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Carl Tepper (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and universities from requiring, or contracting with any organization that requires, any person to receive or participate in a training, identify a commitment to, or make a statement of personal belief supporting any specific partisan, political, or ideological set of beliefs, including an ideology or movement that promotes the differential treatment of any individual or group based on race or ethnicity, including initiatives related to diversity, equity, and inclusion or that assert that an institution that upholds equal protection under the law is racist, oppressive, or unjust.	K-12, colleges	None specified
26	Texas	HB 1607	1/25/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Cody Harris (R)	Prohibits public colleges and universities from promoting certain ideas related to race, sex, and American history.	Public colleges	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
27	Texas	SB 16	3/10/2023	Pending, passed by Senate, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Bryan Hughes (R)	Prohibits public college and university faculty from compelling students to adopt or affirm certain beliefs related to race, sex, or ethnicity or social, political, or religious belief.	Public college	None specified

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1	PEN America is no longer updating this version of the index. Please use this link to view the current Index of Educational Gag Orders.
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7	State	Bill Number with hyperlink to legislative page/draft	Date Introduced	Status as of November 1, 2023	Primary Sponsor	Bill Type	Description* *This is a summary of notable provisions. For detailed analysis of bills, see our report and monthly round-ups.	Explicitly Targets

8	Arizona	SB 1694	1/30/2023	Pending, passed by Senate, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. James Hoffman (R)	DEI Office	Prohibits public colleges and universities from spending public money on a required diversity, equity, or inclusion program, nor from establishing a required DEI program.	Public colleges and universities
9	Florida	SB 7044	9/2/2022	Signed into law by Gov. DeSantis, 4/19/2022.	Sen. Manny Diaz (R) / Rep. Amber Mariano (R)	Accreditation	Public universities may not maintain accreditation from the same accreditation body for two consecutive terms. Both public and private universities that are "negatively impacted by retaliatory action" taken by an accrediting agency may pursue legal action for damages.	Public and private colleges
10	Florida	SB 266/HB 999	2/21/2023	Signed into law by Governor DeSantis 5/15/2023	Rep. Alex Andrade (R); Senate Fiscal Policy Committee	Tenure Programming DEI Office Accreditation	Prohibits public colleges and universities from expending any state or federal funds on any program or campus activity that violates the Stop W.O.K.E. Act, that advocates for diversity, equity, and inclusion, or that promotes or engages in political or social activism. Governing boards are required to review their institutions for violations of the Stop W.O.K.E. Act, as well as for programs that are "based on theories that systemic racism, sexism, oppression, or privilege are inherent in the institutions of the United States and were created to maintain social, political, or economic inequities." General education courses may not “distort significant historical events,” teach “identity politics,” violate the Stop W.O.K.E. Act, or be “based on theories that systemic racism, sexism, oppression, and privilege are inherent in the institutions of the United States and were created to maintain social, political, and economic inequities.” Accrediting agencies may not impose any "adverse" or "retaliatory" action against a postsecondary institution for complying with state law.	Public colleges and universities
11	Iowa	HF 48	1/17/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Steven Holt (R)	Tenure	Prohibits public colleges and universities from establishing or continuing any tenure system.	Public colleges and universities
12	Iowa	HB 616	3/3/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	House Education Committee	DEI Office	Prohibits public colleges and universities from establishing or maintaining a DEI office, nor any office whose purpose is to influence of demographic composition of the faculty or student body or promote "a particular, widely contested opinion regarding unconscious or implicit bias, cultural appropriation, allyship, transgender ideology, microaggressions, group marginalization, antiracism, systemic oppression, social justice, intersectionality, neo-pronouns, heteronormativity, disparate impact, gender theory, racial or sexual privilege, or other closely related concepts."	Public colleges and universities
13	Mississippi	SB 2785	1/20/2023	Died	Sen. Chris McDaniel (R)	Tenure	Prohibits public colleges and universities from establishing or continuing any tenure system.	Public colleges and universities
14	Missouri	SB 410	1/4/2023	Pending	Sen. Andrew Koenig (R)	Programming	Prohibits public colleges and universities, as well as private ones that receive state funding, from conferring any incentive, benefit, grant, or compensation to students who take coursework related to "antiracism, implicit bias, health equity, and any other related instructions or that promote differential treatment based on race, gender, religion, ethnicity, and sexual preference," unless identical incentives, benefits, grants, or compensation is not also available to students who do not take such coursework. Students may not be required to answer any questions related to such topics during the course of their education.	Public and private colleges and universities
15	Montana	HB 517	2/14/2023	Died Note: This is a proposed amendment to the state constitution	Rep. Mike Hopkins (R)	Governance	Vests in the state legislature the authority to require that state universities adopt certain practices and policies "that protect the rights and associated civil liberties provided in the Montana constitution and those provided in the United States constitution." This authority does not include the power to direct curriculum.	Public colleges and universities
16	North Carolina	HB 715	4/18/2023	Pending	Rep. David Willis (R)	Tenure	Eliminates tenure.	Public colleges and universities
17	North Carolina	SB 680	4/26/2023	Pending, passed by Senate	Sen. Michael Lee (R)	Accreditation	Public colleges and universities may not maintain accreditation from the same accreditation body for two consecutive terms. A public college or university may hold liable any individual who willfully lied about the institution and, on the basis of that lie, the accrediting agency conducted a review that caused the institution to pay costs.	Public colleges and universities
18	North Carolina	HB 8	1/25/2023	Signed into law by Gov. Cooper 10/2/2023	Rep. Erin Pare (R)	Accreditation	Requires public colleges and universities to change accreditors each review cycle. Colleges and universities may sue any individual who knowingly or recklessly makes a false statement if that statement causes the college or university to "incur costs" as a result of an accreditation review.	Public colleges and universities
19	North Dakota	HB 1446	1/18/2023	Died	Rep. Mike Lefor (R)	Tenure	Permits the President of a public university to terminate any tenured faculty member deemed to have not fulfilled their professional responsibilities. This determination may only be appealed to the commissioner of the state Board of Education.	Public colleges and universities
20	Ohio	SB 83	3/14/2023	Pending, passed by Senate	Sen. Jerry Cirino (R)	DEI Office Institutional Neutrality	Prohibits public colleges and universities from establishing an office or hiring employees to teach about certain issues related to race or sex. Colleges and universities may not adopt an institutional position on and "controversial belief or policy," including certain "specified ideologies" and "concepts".	Public colleges and universities
21	Ohio	HB 151	4/6/2023	Pending	Rep. Steve Demetriou (R)	Institutional Neutrality	Public colleges universities may not "endorse, oppose, comment, or take action, as an institution, on the public policy controversies of the day, or any other ideology, principle, concept, or formulation that requires commitment to any controversial belief or policy, specified concept, or specified ideology." Prohibits institutitional support for activities such as boycotts, divestments, or sanctions. Prohibits mandatory training or courses related to diversity, equity, or inclusion. Faculty shall be subjected to a quantitative performance review every year. Student evaluations, which shall form the basis for at least half of this review, must include the question "Does the faculty member create a classroom atmosphere free of political, racial, gender, and religious bias?" Poor performance reviews can lead to loss of tenure. Neither public nor private colleges and universities may engage in any kind of "political or ideological litmus test" in matters of hiring or promotion.	Public and private colleges and universities
22	Ohio	HB 33	6/15/2023 Note: This is the date when HEAR provisions were incorporated into the bill.	Died as HEAR due to adoption of amendment, but still under consideration in legislature. This bill is not counted by PEN America as a live HEAR.	Rep. Jay Edwards (R)	Institutional Neutrality	Prohibits public colleges and universities from adopting an institutional position related to conterversial matters of public policy.	Public colleges and universities
23	Oklahoma	SB 870	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. David Bullard (R)	DEI Office	Prohibits public colleges and universities from spending public money on a diversity, equity, or inclusion program, nor from establishing a DEI program.	Public colleges and universities
24	Tennessee	HB 1115	1/31/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Justin Lafferty (R)	Programming	Allows the Tennessee Higher Education Commission to order public college and university boards of governors to terminate an academic program.	Public colleges and universities
25	Texas	HB 1006	12/13/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Carl Tepper (R)	DEI Office Institutional Neutrality	Prohibits public colleges and universities from establishing any office related to diversity, equity, or inclusion. No institutional position may be made on any topic related to any "lifestyle, race, sex, religion, or culture."	Public colleges and universities
26	Texas	HB 3164	3/1/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Carl Tepper (R)	DEI Office	Prohibits public colleges and universities from establishing or maintaining a DEI office, nor any office whose purpose is to influence of demographic composition of the faculty or student body or promote "a particular, widely contested opinion regarding unconscious or implicit bias, cultural appropriation, allyship, transgender ideology, microaggressions, group marginalization, antiracism, systemic oppression, social justice, intersectionality, neo-pronouns, heteronormativity, disparate impact, gender theory, racial or sexual privilege, or other closely related concepts."	Public colleges and universities
27	Texas	SB 17	3/10/2023	Signed into law by Gov. Abbott 6/17/2023.	Sen. Charles Creighton (R)	DEI Office	Prohibits public colleges and universities from establishing or maintaining DEI offices or from engaging in certain activities related to race, sex, color, or ethnicity.	Public colleges and universities
28	Texas	SB 18	3/10/2023	Signed into law by Gov. Abbott 6/17/2023. Note: Due to amendments, PEN America no longer considers SB 18 to be a Higher Ed Autonomy Restrictions law.	Sen. Charles Creighton (R)	Tenure	The granting of tenure does not create a property interest in any attribute of a faculty position beyond a faculty member's continuing employment. Tenure may be revoked due to "moral turpitude" or "unprofessional conduct" that "adversely affects the institution or the faculty member's performance of duties or meeting of responsibilities."	Public colleges and universities
29	Utah	SB 283	2/27/2023	Died	Sen. John Johnson (R)	Institutional Neutrality	Prohibits public colleges and universities from adopting an institutional position on "a particular unsettled and widely controversial opinion or unsubstantiated theory regarding sex, race, color, ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, or a related concept," nor from considering or adopting a policy respecting diversity, equity, or inclusion.	Public colleges and universities
30	West Virginia	HB 3503	2/14/2023	Died	Del. Chris Pritt (R)	DEI Offices Institutional Neutrality	Requires that public colleges and universities, as well their administrative units, maintain institutional neutrality regarding "widely contested opinions in the state regarding unconscious or implicit bias, cultural appropriation, identity group allyship, transgender ideology, microaggressions, group marginalization, anti-racism, systemic oppression, social justice, intersectionality, neo-pronouns, heteronormativity, gender theory, racial or sexual privilege, critical race theory, and any related formulation of these concepts." Prohibits DEI offices or use of state or private funds to support DEI efforts and trainings.	Public colleges and universities
31	Wyoming	SB 1, passed by Senate with an amendment constituting an Educational Gag Order, but later stripped out in Joint Committee	2/25/2022	Died as EGO due to removal of amendment, but still under consideration in legislature. This bill is not counted by PEN America as a live EGO.	Sen. Cheri Steinmetz (R)	Programming	Prohibits the University of Wyoming from expending any state appropriations on gender studies programs.	University of Wyoming

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1	PEN America is no longer updating this version of the index. Please use this link to view the current Index of Educational Gag Orders.
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7	State	Bill Number with hyperlink to legislative page/draft	Date Introduced	Status as of November 1, 2023	Primary Sponsor	Description* *This is a summary of notable provisions. For detailed analysis of bills, see our report and monthly round-ups.	Explicitly Targets	Enforcement/Penalties* *Penalties do not necessarily apply to every provision of the bill.

8	Alabama	HB 11	1/11/2022	Died	Rep. Danny Crawford (R)	Bans schools from requiring students "to personally affirm, adopt, or adhere to" outlined tenets allegedly associated with critical race theory, or from doing so in a course of instruction. Bans schools from "distinguish[ing] or classify[ing] a student based on race or color." Mandates termination of any employee who violates the provisions of the bill.	K-12, colleges	Professional discipline
9	Alabama	HB 8	1/11/2022	Died	Rep. Chris Pringle (R)	Bars public K-12 schools and public institutions of higher education from teaching, instructing, or training any student to adopt or believe certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12, colleges	None specified
10	Alabama	HB 9/SB 7	1/11/2022	Died	Rep. Ed Oliver, Sen. Will Barfoot (R)	Bars "agencies and political subdivisions of this state, including school districts and public institutions of higher education" from "teach[ing], instruct[ing], or train[ing] any employee, contractor, staff member, student, or any other individual group to adopt or believe divisive concepts."	K-12, colleges, state institutions, state contractors	Forfeit of current state contract Ineligible for future contracts
11	Alabama	HB 312	2/8/2022	Died	Rep. Ed Oliver (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools and state agencies teaching, instructing, or training any students or employees to believe certain ideas related to race, sex, or religion. Public colleges may teach about these ideas, but may not endorse or compel anyone to adopt or affirm them. No instructor shall be required to share their point of view about a "widely debated and currently controversial issues of public policy or social affairs."	K-12, colleges, state agencies, state contractors	Professional discipline
12	Alabama	SB 292	3/3/2022	Died	Sen. Will Barfoot (R)	Bars public K-12 schools and other state agencies from teaching, instructing, or training any student or employee to adopt or believe certain ideas related to race, sex, or religion. These institutions, as well as public colleges, may not promote or inculcate these ideas, nor impose any penalty on students or employees for refusing to affirm them. Employee training may not include any of these ideas. Any teacher, college faculty member, or state employee who violates this bill may be disciplined or fired.	K-12, colleges, state agencies, political subdivisions, state contractors	Professional discipline
13	Alabama	HB 7	1/20/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Ed Oliver (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and universities from compelling students or employees to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, color, religion, sex, ethnicity, or national origin. Students and employees may not be required to attend any class, training, or orientation where these ideas are promoted.	Public K-12, public colleges	Professional discipline
14	Alaska	HB 228	1/7/2022	Died	Rep. Tom McKay (R)	Bans public K-12 schools and colleges from compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas about race, sex, ethnicity, religion, color, or national origin. Prohibits these institutions from making any use of the 1619 Project.	K-12, colleges	Private right of action
15	Alaska	SB 196	2/15/2022	Died	Sen. Lora Reinbold (R)	Bans public K-12 schools from compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to "sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color, or national origin." They are also prohibited from contracting or otherwise engaging with any speaker who promotes these ideas without stating that the institution does not endorse these views and offering students and faculty the opportunity to opt out of the event.	K-12	None specified
16	Alaska	HB 330	2/16/2022	Died	Rep. Ron Gillham (R)	Prohibits public K-12 and colleges from compelling, indoctrinating, persuading, or attemting to indoctrinate or persuade a student to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to "sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color, or national origin."	K-12, colleges	None specified
17	Alaska	HB 391	2/22/2022	Died	Rep. David Eastman (R)	Bars K-12 schools from promoting or compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, color, sex, or national origin. A person may not be "subjected" as a condition of employment, certification, licensing, credentialing, or examination passage, to training, instruction, or another required activity" that endorses or promotes those ideas. Establishes a hotline to receive reports of violations.	K-12, college, state agencies, employers	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
18	Arizona	Amendment to SB 1532 (added in modified form to the budget bill HB 2898)	2/1/2021	SB 1532 died, but modified version passed as part of HB 2898 and signed into law by Governor Ducey 6/30/21. Note: Subsequently struck down by the Arizona Supreme Court.	Rep. Michelle Udall (R)	Bans "instruction that presents any form of blame or judgment on the basis of race, ethnicity or sex."	K-12	Civil suit by state AG
19	Arizona	HB 2906/SB 1840	6/10/2021	Signed into law by Governor Ducey 7/9/21	Sen. David Livingston (R)	Bans "training, orientation or therapy that presents any form of blame or judgment on the basis of race, ethnicity or sex."	state agencies, political subdivisions	None specified
20	Arizona	HB 2112 Passed by House in amended version with language replacing the prohibition on "inclusion" of certain ideas with a prohibition on promoting or advocating for certain ideas.	1/12/2022	Died	Rep. Michelle Udall (R)	Bars K-12 schools and state agencies involved in the instruction of K-12 students from promoting certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, or sex in their curricula.	K-12, state agencies	Professional discipline Civil suit by state AG
21	Arizona	HCR 2001	1/12/2022	Died Note: This is a proposed amendment to the state constitution.	Rep. Steve Kaiser (R)	Bans K-12 schools and colleges from requiring students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race or ethnicity. All K-12 employees, as well as all college employees discharging duties outside of the classroom, may not promote or endorse certain ideas related to race or ethnicity. No employee of a public school or college shall be required to affirm, as a condition of employment or promotion, certain ideas about diversity, equity, and inclusion.	K-12, colleges	None specified
22	Arizona	HB 2291	1/18/2022	Died	Rep. John Fillmore (R)	Bars K-12 schools from including in their curricula certain ideas related to race, sex, and ethnic groups, nor to use any state money to finance instruction related to those concepts.	K-12	Civil suit by state AG Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
23	Arizona	HB 2495 Passed by House in amended form that removes reference to homosexuality.	1/20/2022	Died as EGO due to adoption of amendment, but still under consideration in legislature. This bill is not counted by PEN America as a live EGO.	Rep. Jake Hoffman (R)	Bars K-12 schools from using or referring students to any "sexually explicit" materials, textual or visual. "Sexually explicit" is defined in the bill as including any depiction of homosexuality or physical contact with a person's clothed or unclothed genitals.	K-12	None specified
24	Arizona	HB 2634	6/23/2022	Died	Rep. Jennifer Longdon (D)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from adopting any textbook or instructional materials that contain any matter "reflecting adversely" on people on the basis or race, ethnicity, sex, religion, disability, nationality, sexual orientation, or gender identity.	K-12	None specified
25	Arizona	HB 2458/SB 1305	1/19/2023	Died, vetoed by Governor Hobbs	Rep. Beverly Pingerelli (R), Sen. Javan Mesnard (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and state agencies from promoting to students or employees certain concepts related to race or ethnicity.	K-12, state agencies	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support Professional discipline Private right of action
26	Arizona	HB 2189	1/24/2023	Pending	Rep. Jennifer Longdon (D)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from adopting any textbook or instructional materials that contain any matter "reflecting adversely" on people on the basis or race, ethnicity, sex, religion, disability, nationality, sexual orientation, or gender identity.	Public K-12	None specified
27	Arizona	SB 1700	2/2/2023	Pending, passed by Senate	Sen. Justine Wadsack (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and charter schools from holding in the library or using in the classroom any book that is "lewd" or promotes "gender fluidity" or "gender pronouns." Parents who identify such a book may submit it to the state Department of Education for review, where it will be added to a list of prohibited books statewide.	Public K-12	None specified
28	Arizona	SB 1412	3/29/2022 Note: this date marks when SB 1412, which up till then had been an unrelated education bill, was substantially amended to become an Education Gag Order.	Died	Rep. Michelle Udall (R) Note: Rep. Udall is the bill's House sponsor and author of the amendment that transformed it into an EGO. Its Senate sponsor has had no role in this transformation.	Bars K-12 schools and college- or university-level teacher preparation programs from "providing instruction" on certain ideas related to race or ethnicity.	K-12, colleges	Professional discipline Private right of action Civil suit by county attorney
29	Arkansas	HB 1218	1/19/2021	Died	Rep. Mark Lowery (R)	Bans instruction that promotes "the overthrow of the United States Government," "division between, resentment of, or social justice for" different groups, or that advocates "the isolation of a group of students based on a particular characteristic."	K-12, colleges	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
30	Arkansas	HB 1231	1/21/2021	Died	Rep. Mark Lowery (R)	Bans state funding being used to teach the 1619 Project.	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
31	Arkansas	HB 1761	3/16/2021	Died	Rep. Mark Lowery (R)	Prohibits curricula, reading materials, programs, counseling, and activities from expressing, depicting, or teaching certain concepts relating to race and ethnicity.	K-12	None specified
32	Arkansas	SB 627	4/1/2021	Became law without governor's signature 5/3/21	Sen. Trent Garner (R)	Bans state entities (excluding public schools, charter schools, universities, political subdivisions, and law enforcement) from teaching or training of divisive concepts. Bars punishment of state employees for refusing to support such concepts.	state agencies	Ineligible for state contracts
33	Arkansas	SB 12	12/7/2021	Died	Sen. Trent Garner (R)	Amends SB 627 to include public schools and charter schools.	K-12, charter schools, state agencies, political subdivisions	Private right of action
34	Arkansas	HB 1011	12/8/2021	Died	Rep. Mark Lowery (R)	Bans public K-12 schools from "express[ing], depict[ing], or teach[ing] certain ideas related race, ethnicity, and US politics. Requires schools to make available to parents all curricular materials.	K-12	None specified
35	Arkansas	SB 294	2/20/2023	Signed by Gov. Huckabee on 3/8/2023	Sen. Breanne Davis (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from promoting ideologies conflict with the principle of equal protection under the law or that encourage discrimination, such as Critical Race Theory. Schools may not provide classroom instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-4.	Public K-12	None specified
36	Colorado	HB 1206	2/8/2022	Died	Rep. Dave Williams (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from teaching or using instructional materials that promote certain ideas related to race, sex, or ethnicity. Forbids schools from segregating or making a distinction between students for various purposes on the basis of race, sex, or ethnicity.	K-12	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
37	Connecticut	HB 5285/HB 5282/SB 1	4/28/2022	Died Note: these are proposed floor substitutes to unrelated bills.	Rep. Doug Dubitsky (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from including in their curricula certain ideas related to race or sex, nor to include any curricula that is "designed or intended to cause any individual feel discomfort, guilt, anguish or any other form of psychological distress on account of the individual's race or sex."	K-12	None specified
38	Connecticut	SB 280	1/18/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Robert Sampson (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from adopting a curriculum that "includes the teaching of biased political ideology or make any individual feel discomfort, guilt, anguish or any other form of psychological distress on account of the individual's race or sex." In the bill, "biased policial ideology" is defined as including certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12	None specified
39	Florida	HB 1557/ SB 1834	1/11/2022	Signed into law by Governor Ron DeSantis 3/28/2022	Rep. Joe Harding (R)	Bars public schools from offering any instruction related to "sexual orientation or gender identity" to students in K-3 grades or to students in grades 4-12 "in a manner that is not age-appropriate or developmentally appropriate" or that conflicts with state standards.	K-12	Private right of action
40	Florida	HB7/SB 148	1/11/2022	Signed by Governor DeSantis 4/22/2022	Sen. Manny Diaz (R), Rep. Bryan Avila (R)	Bars K-12 schools and public colleges from subjecting students or employees to any training or instruction that "espouses, promotes, advances, inculcates, or compels" belief in certain ideas about race, sex, color, or national origin. Classroom instruction related to past racial injustice may not "indoctrinate or persuade" students to believe these ideas. Employers may not require, as a condition of "certification, licensing, credentialing, or passing an examination," that individual be subjected to instruction that "espouses, promotes, advances, inculcates, or compels" individuals to believe in certain ideas about race, sex, color, or national origin.	K-12, employers, colleges	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Professional discipline
41	Florida	SB 242/HB 57	1/11/2022	Died	Sen. Joe Gruters (R)	Bans state agencies, state contractors, and county and municipality governing bodies from teaching, advocating, or promoting divisive concepts, race or sex scapegoating, or race or sex stereotyping in employee trainings. Bans public schools and universities from teaching, advocating, or promoting divisive concepts, race or sex scapegoating, or race or sex stereotyping in curriculum or mandatory employee or student training.	state agencies, state contractors, K-12, colleges	Ineligible for state contracts
42	Florida	SB 266/HB 999	2/21/2023	Signed into law by Governor DeSantis May 15, 2023	Rep. Alex Andrade (R); Senate Fiscal Policy Committee	Public colleges and universities are prohibited from expending any state or federal funds on any program or campus activity that violates the Stop W.O.K.E. Act (HB 7), that advocates for diversity, equity, and inclusion, or that promotes or engages in political or social activism. Governing boards are required to review their institutions for violations of the Stop W.O.K.E. Act, as well as for programs that are "based on theories that systemic racism, sexism, oppression, or privilege are inherent in the institutions of the United States and were created to maintain social, political, or economic inequities." General education courses may not “distort significant historical events,” teach “identity politics,” violate the Stop W.O.K.E. Act, or be “based on theories that systemic racism, sexism, oppression, and privilege are inherent in the institutions of the United States and were created to maintain social, political, and economic inequities.”	Public colleges	Professional discipline Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
43	Florida	HB 1069	2/22/2023	Signed into law by Governor DeSantis 5/18/2023	Rep. Stan McClain (R)	All "materials" used by public K-12 schools to teach reproductive health, which may only take place in grades 6-12, must be approved by the Department of Education. This instruction must exclusively teach that sex is biological, stable, and determined at birth. School employees may not provide their own personal pronouns where such pronouns do not correspond to their biological sex at birth, nor may they be required to apply such pronouns to anyone else. Classroom instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity may not take place in grades pre-K-8, except for the purposes of teaching the merits of sexual abstinence. Instruction may occur in grades 9-12, but only if age- and developmentally appropriate. No material, including those in classroom libraries, may contain or depict "sexual conduct." Any materials to which an individual has filed an official objection must be immediately removed from student access pending the outcome of an investigation. Schools must submit to the Department of Education a list of what materials receive objections, the reasons, and the outcome of the investigation.	Public K-12	None specified
44	Florida	SB 244	2/24/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Alexis Calatayud (R)	Creates right of private action for students, teachers, and faculty who believe they have experienced discrimination under HB 7.	K-12, colleges	Creates new penalty.
45	Florida	HB 1223/SB 1320	2/28/2023	Died	Rep. Adam Anderson (R), Sen. Clay Yarborough (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from asking any student about their preferred title or pronoun, where that title or pronoun does not correspond to their biological sex. Employees may not be required to refer to any person by a title or pronoun that does not correspond to their biological sex, nor are they permitted to disclose to students that title or pronoun. Schools shall treat sex as an immutable biologicla trait. No classroom instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity may occur in public schools in pre-K to grade 8, nor in private pre-K.	Public and private K-12, pre-K	None specified
46	Georgia	HB 888	1/12/2022	Died	Rep. Brad Thomas (R)	Bars K-12 schools from compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, color, religion, or national origin, or to engage in or observe a discussion of public policy. Prohibits contracting with any third-party to provide instruction that promotes any of these ideas. Requires schools to make all curricular material accessible for review by parents in advance of instruction and provide a means for opting their children out of the lesson. States the legislature's intent that colleges should strive for institutional neutrality on all matters not germane to their immediate duties and functions.	K-12, colleges	Private right of action, Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
47	Georgia	SB 375	1/26/2022	Died	Sen. Jeff Mullis (R)	Bars K-12 schools, political subdivisions, and state agencies from including in their employee training and classroom instruction any material "teach[ing], act[ing] upon, promot[ing], or encourag[ing]" certain "divisive concepts" related to race or sex.	K-12, political subdivisions, state agencies, state contractor	None specified
48	Georgia	SB 377 Passed by Senate in amended version without language on postsecondary institutions.	1/26/2022	Died	Sen. Jeff Mullis (R)	Bars K-12 schools, public colleges, and state agencies from including in their employee training and classroom instruction any material "teach[ing], act[ing] upon, promot[ing], or encourag[ing]" certain "divisive concepts" related to race or ethnicity.	K-12, colleges, state agencies	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
49	Georgia	HB 1084	1/27/2022	Signed by Governor Kemp 4/28/2022	Rep. Will Wade (R)	Bars K-12 schools from promoting certain concepts related to race or US history.	K-12	Loss of institutional autonomy Professional discipline
50	Georgia	SB 613	3/8/2022	Died	Sen. Carden Summers (R)	Prohibits private K-12 schools that receive public grants or financial support, or that participate in athletic associations in which public schools are also participants, from encouraging, promoting, or compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, sex, ethnicity, national origin, or American history. Prohibits the establishment of student clubs or activities that condition participation on certain identity characteristics. Schools may not compel, promote, or encourage discussion of sexual orientation or gender identity in primary grade levels, nor in an age inappropriate manner for any grade thereafter.	Private K-12	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
51	Hawaii	HB 509	1/20/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Diamond Garcia (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-3, or thereafter in a manner that is not age or developmentally appropriate.	Public K-12	Private right of action
52	Hawaii	SB 1428	1/25/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Brenton Awa (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-3, or thereafter in a manner that is not age or developmentally appropriate.	Public K-12	Private right of action
53	Idaho	HB 352	4/6/2021	Died	Education Committee	Bans "teach[ing], advocat[ing], or encourag[ing] the adoption of any racist or sexist concept while instructing students." Bans "host[ing], pay[ing], or provid[ing] a venue for a speaker who espouses, advocates, or promotes any racist or sexist concept." Bans requiring any "student to read, view, or listen to any book, article, video presentation, digital presentation, or other learning material that espouses, advocates, or promotes any racist or sexist concept."	K-12, colleges	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
54	Idaho	HB 375	4/19/2021	Died	Ways and Means Committee	Prohibits certain tenets from being "advocated for or endorsed" by public schools and institutions of higher education. Bans funding for "any education or program advocating sectarianism."	K-12, colleges	None specified
55	Idaho	HB 377	4/21/2021	Signed into law by Governor Little 4/28/21	Rep. Wendy Horman (R)	Bans public schools and institutions of higher education from “direct[ing] or otherwise compel[ing] students to personally affirm, adopt, or adhere” to the outlined "critical race theory" tenets. Bars funding for such prohibited acts.	K-12, colleges	None specified
56	Idaho	HB 488	1/28/2022	Died	Rep. Priscilla Giddings (R)	Adds penalties and a right of private action to HB 377.	K-12, colleges	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
57	Idaho	S 1071	2/10/2023	Died	Senate Education Committee	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to human sexuality, sexual orientation, or gender identity in grades K-5.	Public K-12	None specified
58	Illinois	HB 5494	1/28/2022	Died	Rep. Tom Weber (R)	Bars K-12 schools from including or promoting certain ideas in their curricula related to race or sex. Prohibited from contracting with any third party for that purpose. Special instruction related to socialism, Marxism, and related ideologies are required. Requires schools to receive parental consent prior to any instruction related to sexual health.	K-12	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Professional discipline Loss of accreditation Civil penalty by state AG
59	Illinois	HB 5505	1/28/2022	Died	Rep. Adam Niemerg (R)	Bars K-12 schools and colleges from directing or compelling students to affirm or adopt certain ideas related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color or natural origin. Parents, students, and members of the public have the right to object to any part of a K-12 curriculum that directs or compells affirmation or adoption of such ideas, and the school must address that objection. Note: The bill goes on to state that one way the school may address the objection is to "provide additional balance or factual basis, or correct any factual bases found to be incorrect or biased." It is unclear how this step would address a lesson involving directed or compelled speech.	K-12, colleges	None specified
60	Illinois	HB 2184	2/7/2023	Pending	Rep. Adam Niemerg (R)	Bars K-12 schools and colleges from directing or compelling students to affirm or adopt certain ideas related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color or natural origin. Parents, students, and members of the public have the right to object to any part of a K-12 curriculum that directs or compells affirmation or adoption of such ideas, and the school must address that objection. Note: The bill goes on to state that one way the school may address the objection is to "provide additional balance or factual basis, or correct any factual bases found to be incorrect or biased." It is unclear how this step would address a lesson involving directed or compelled speech.	Public K-12 and colleges	None specified
61	Indiana	HB 1040	1/4/2022	Died	Rep. John Prescott (R)	Bans public K-12 schools from including or promoting certain ideas or practices in curricula or employee trainings. Requires public schools to teach that Marxism, socialism, and related ideologies are incompatible with the principles of the United States. Requires schools to obtain parental consent before teaching any instruction related to sexuality or reproductory health, or to offer medical counseling or treatments related to sexualty or reproductory health. Schools must establish a reporting system for petitioners wishing to file a complaint and must publicize all such complaints.	K-12	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Loss of institutional accreditation Professional discipline
62	Indiana	SB 167	1/4/2022	Died	Sen. Scott Baldwin (R)	Bans schools from directing or compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color, national origin, or political affiliation. Schools may not require employees to engage in training that includes similar ideas. A community review committee shall be established to review all proposed curricular material. All curricular material must be accessible to the public on a searchable website, and schools must obtain parental consent before offering mental health treatments. Further prohibits state agencies and public schools and colleges from including or promoting certain ideas in their instruction related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color, national origin, or political affiliation. Additional prohibitions apply to faculty and students in "teacher preparation programs" in postsecondary institutions. Erodes certain legal protections for public libraries.	K-12, colleges, state agencies	Private right of action
63	Indiana	HB 1228	1/6/2022	Died	Rep. Shane Lindauer (R)	Bans K-12 schools from including in their curricula certain ideas related to race or sex. Prohibits public K-12 schools and colleges from requiring any form of gender or sexual diversity training or orientation, nor including in any orientation or required course or training any sex or race stereotyping.	K-12, colleges	None specified
64	Indiana	HB 1231	1/6/2022	Died	Rep. John Jacob (R)	Bans public and accredited private K-12 schools from including in their curricula certain ideas related to race, sex, and US and Indiana history. Requires schools to post all curricula on a publically accessible website and permit a minimum of five taxpayers at a time to observe classroom instruction. Prohibits teachers from including in the classroom any controversial topics related to the material being discussed.	Public and private K-12	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Loss of institutional accreditation Professional discipline
65	Indiana	HB 1362	1/11/2022	Died	Rep. Chuck Goodrich (R)	Bans public K-12 schools, colleges, and state agencies from requiring students to adopt or affirm any anti-American ideologies or certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, sex, religion, color, national origin, or political affiliation. Schools and colleges are also prohibited from including or promoting these same ideas and ideologies. Requires schools to place all curricular material online for public review.	K-12, colleges, state agencies	Private right of action
66	Indiana	SB 415	1/11/2022	Died	Sen. Erin Houchin (R)	Bans public K-12 schools, colleges, and state agencies from including in their curricula or directing or compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race or sex. They are also prohibited from requiring any employee to undertake professional training that includes racial or sex stereotyping. Public colleges may not require students to engage in any form of mandatory gender or sexual diversity training or counseling.	K-12, colleges, state agencies	None specified
67	Indiana	HB 1134 Passed by House in amended version without language on postsecondary institutions.	1/13/2022	Died	Rep. Anthony Cook (R)	Bans schools from directing or compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color, national origin, or political affiliation. Schools may not require employees to engage in training that includes similar ideas. Further prohibits state agencies and public schools and colleges, as well as private K-12 schools in the delivery of civics courses, from including or promoting certain ideas in their instruction related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color, national origin, or political affiliation. Additional prohibitions apply to faculty and students in "teacher preparation programs" in postsecondary institutions. Erodes certain legal protections for public libraries.	Public and private K-12, colleges, state agencies	Private right of action Professional discipline
68	Indiana	HB 1389	1/13/2022	Died	Rep. Christopher Judy (R)	Bars K-12 schools from including or promoting certain ideas in their curricula related to race or sex. Prohibited from contracting with any third party for that purpose. Requires schools to post curricular information on a publicly searchable website and offer parents the ability to opt their children out of topics and assignments. Requires college faculty to remain impartial regarding any political activism or internship involving "social or public policy" in which students participate as part of their education.	K-12, colleges	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Civil suit by state AG
69	Indiana	HB 1338	1/17/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Shane Lindauer (R)	Prohibits public and private accredited K-12 schools from promoting certain ideas related to race or sex. Public colleges and universities may not require students to attend any mandatory gender or sexual diversity training or counseling.	Public and private K-12, public colleges	None specified
70	Indiana	HB 1523	1/19/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Bruce Borders (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from promoting certain ideas related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color, or national origin.	K-12	None specified
71	Indiana	HB 1608	1/19/2023	Signed into law by Governor Holcomb May 4, 2023	Rep. Michelle Davis (R)	Prohibits public and private K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to "human sexuality" in grades pre-K to 3.	Public and private K-12	None specified
72	Indiana	SB 386	1/19/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Jeff Raatz (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from compelling or promoting belief in certain concepts related to age, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, creed, color, marital status, familial status, mental or physical disability, religion, or national origin.	K-12	Professional training
73	Indiana	SB 413	1/19/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Gary Byrne (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction on sexual orientation or gender identity" in grades K-12.	K-12	Private right of action
74	Iowa	HF 222	1/27/2021	Died	Rep. Skyler Wheeler (R)	Bans use of 1619 Project curriculum. Reduces budget for schools, colleges, and universities violating curriculum restrictions.	K-12, colleges	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
75	Iowa	SF 478	2/25/2021	Died	Committee on Education	Mandates First Amendment training for institutions of higher education, and authorizes penalties for faculty who violate free speech rights. Prohibits training that teaches or promotes divisive concepts. Mandates suspension of funds from student government organizations violating the First Amendment. Creates penalties for discrimination based on political bias in schools.	K-12, colleges	Professional discipline Suspension of student government financial authority
76	Iowa	HF 802	3/8/2021	Signed into law by Governor Reynolds 6/8/21	Committee on Judiciary	Requires that any mandatory staff training “does not teach, advocate, act upon, or promote” specific defined concepts. Prohibits “specific defined concepts” from being included in public school curriculum.	K-12, colleges, state agencies	None specified
77	Iowa	SF 2037	1/13/2022	Died	Sen. Adrian Dickey (R)	Amends HF 802 to prohibit K-12 school administrators from teaching certain ideas related to race or sex. Establishes penalties for administrators who violate the law.	K-12	Professional discipline
78	Iowa	SF 2043	1/13/2022	Died	Sen. Adrian Dickey (R)	Bans K-12 teachers from "speaking about the Pledge of Allegiance in any manner in which the students may reasonably understand the teacher’s speech to be an unpatriotic commentary on the United States or an attempt to politically influence the students." Requires teachers to stand and recite the Pledge of Allegiance.	Public and private K-12	Professional discipline
79	Iowa	HB 2053	1/20/2022	Died	Rep. Sandy Salmon (R)	Bans K-12 schools from requiring teachers to discuss "current events or widely debated and currently controversial issues of public policy or social affairs," or concepts related to gender fluidity and related ideas. Those who choose to do so must address the issues in a balanced and objective manner. Prohibits teachers from awarding requiring or awarding course credit for any form of political activism.	K-12	None specified
80	Iowa	HB 8	1/12/2023	Died	Rep. Skyler Wheeler (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from providing any "program, curriculum, material, test, survey, questionnaire, activity, announcement, promotion, orinstruction of any kind relating to gender identity or sexual orientation" to student in grades K-3.	K-12	None specified
81	Iowa	SF 159	1/26/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Sandy Salmon (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-8.	Public K-12	Private right of action
82	Iowa	HSB 112	1/30/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	House Education Committee	Creates a penalty for violations of HF 802.	Public K-12	Creates new penalty
83	Iowa	SF 496	2/21/2023	Signed into law by Gov. Reynolds 5/26/2023	Senate Education Committee	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction, materials, announcements, or promotions of any kind related to gender identity or sexual activity in grades K-6.	Public K-12	Monetary penalty/loss of state financial support
84	Kansas	HB 2662	2/9/2022	Died	House K-12 Education Budget Committee	Prohibits public K-12 schools from directing or compelling students to adopt or affirm any idea "that violates the civil rights act of 1964." Schools may not contract with third parties for professional development that promote "promote racially essentialist doctrines or practices that have been held to violate the civil rights act of 1964."	K-12	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
85	Kansas	SB 496	2/10/2022	Died	Senate Education Committee	Affirms a parent's right to education that does not compel students, teachers, or administrators to affirm "any idea that violates the civil rights act of 1964," nor for schools to use any curricular material that compels a child to affirm such an idea. Further prohibits schools from contracting with anyone who promotes "racially essentialist doctrines or practices" for the purposes of professional development.	K-12	None specified
86	Kansas	SB 515	2/15/2022	Died	Senate Assessment and Taxation Committee	Bars public K-12 schools from making part of curricular certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, religion, sex, creed, nonviolent political affiliation, social class or class of people, or governmental policy. No state department of education policy, website, or any other material may promote these ideas. All education related to history shall be free of "inherently divisive concepts" and "critical race theory".	K-12	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
87	Kansas	SB 58 Note: This bill was initially introduced in 2021, but only became an EGO following the adoption of a House amendment on 4/1/2022.	4/1/2022	Vetoed by Governor Kelly 4/15/2022	Senate Judiciary Committee	Prohibits public K-12 schools from directing or compelling students to adopt or affirm any idea "that violates the civil rights act of 1964." Schools may not contract with third parties for professional development that promote "promote racially essentialist doctrines or practices that have been held to violate the civil rights act of 1964."	K-12	None specified
88	Kentucky	HB 14	1/4/2022	Died	Rep. Joseph Fischer (R)	Bans public K-12 schools from promoting certain concepts. Bans mandatory gender or sexual diversity training, as well as any form of race of sex stereotyping or bias, in public colleges.	K-12, colleges	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
89	Kentucky	HB 18	1/4/2022	Died	Rep. Matt Lockett (R)	Bans public K-12 schools from offering "any classroom instruction or discussion" or distributing "printed or digital material" on certain concepts. Bans public college students from being "subjected to any classroom instruction or discussion... or printed or digital material" that promotes certain concepts.	K-12, colleges	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
90	Kentucky	SB 138, passed by Senate in amended version that "members of all races" with "all its citizens."	2/3/2022	Died	Sen. George Wise (R)	Requires that public K-12 and charter schools provide instruction consistent with certain concepts related to race and sex. Instruction must also be consistent with certain interpretations of the history and legacy of American slavery, the ability for all people regardless of race, sex, or class to succeed, and that "The future of America's success is dependent upon cooperation between all its citizens."	K-12	None specified
91	Kentucky	HB 487	2/11/2022	Died	Rep. Matthew Lockett (R)	Bars public K-12 schools and teacher training programs in public and private colleges and universities from offering any "instruction or discussion, formal or informal, or distributes any" materials that "disparage the fundamental American value of equality" or that "advocate, inculcate, or promote bigotry, revisionist history, or critical social justice." These terms are defined by reference to certain ideas about race, sex, and religion, "cynical" forms of social analysis, and negative claims about American history. Schools and state agencies are similarly prohibited from contracting with any outside organization that would engage in any of the precedeing acts.	K-12, colleges, state agencies	Private right of action Loss of accreditation
92	Kentucky	HB 706	3/1/2022	Died	Rep. Jennifer Henson Decker (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools, public colleges, and other state agencies and contractors from compelling, promoting, inculcating, or teaching -- whether directly or indirectly -- students, employees, and others to believe or affirm "bigotry, critical social justice theory, race and sex essentialism, or a revisionist history of America's founding." These institutions shall not contract with any third party for the above. Private employers that compel, promote, inculcate, or teach any of these concepts/values shall be presumed to have created a hostile work/learning environment.	K-12, colleges, state agencies, state contractors	Private right of action Civil suit by state AG and other state officials
93	Kentucky	SB 150	2/8/2023	Vetoed by Gov. Andy Beshear, overridden 3/29/2023	Sen. George Wise (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including any instruction or presentation that "has as a goal or purpose of students studying or exploring gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation" at any grade level.	Public K-12	None specified
94	Kentucky	SB 102/173	2/10/2023	Died	Sen. Lindsay Tichenor (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction or discussion related to sexual orientation, sexual preference, or gender expression inconsistent with biological sex in grades K-8, or thereafter unless required under official curriculum. School personnel may not discuss with students their own sexual orientation, sexual preference, or gender expression inconsistent with biological sex, nor display any sympbols or slogans associated with them. Teachers may not endorse, support, or oppose any past, present, or future law, court decision, or executive action.	Public K-12	Private right of action
95	Kentucky	SB 1	3/23/2022 Note: this date marks when SB 1, which up till then had been an unrelated education bill, was substantially amended to become an Education Gag Order.	Governor Beshear's veto overridden by legislature 4/14/2022	Rep. Matt Lockett (R) Note: Rep. Lockett is the primary author of the EGO provision, but not the primary sponsor of SB1.	Requires public K-12 and charter schools to make their instruction and instructional materials "consistent" with certain ideas related to race, sex, and American history and culture. All instruction on "current, controversial topics" must be "relevant, objective, nondiscriminatory, and respectful to the differing perspectives of students." Students may not be required or incentivized to advocate on behalf of a position that differs from that of their own position or that of their parent or guardian.	K-12	None specified
96	Louisana	HB 747	1/4/2022	Died	Rep. Ray Garafalo (R)	Prohibits schools from purchasing or adopting any curricular or employee training materials that provide that one race, sex, ethnicity, or national origin is " inherently superior, inferior, advantaged, disadvantaged, privileged, underprivileged, biased, or oppressed relative to another."	K-12	None specified
97	Louisiana	HB 564	4/2/2021	Died	Rep. Raymond Garofalo (R)	Bans in public schools and colleges (as well as private schools or colleges that receive state support) from including in curricula or employee training certain concepts related to race or sex.	Public and private K-12 and colleges	Professional discipline
98	Louisiana	HB 837	3/17/2022	Died	Rep. Dodie Horton (R)	Prohibits public school employees from covering the topics of sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-8. No employee may discuss with students of any grade level that employee's own sexual orientation or gender identity.	K-12	None specified
99	Louisiana	HB 1014	4/5/2022	Died	Rep. Raymond Garofalo (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from including or promoting the use of any instructional material that compels students or employees to adopt, affirm, or promote certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, religion, color, or national origin.	K-12	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
100	Louisiana	HB 466	3/31/2023	Pending, passed by House and Senate	Rep. Dodie Horton (R)	Prohibits public K-12 teachers, employees, or other "presenters" from discussing with students in grades K-12 the topics of sexual orientation or gender identity in any manner that deviates from approved curricula, nor from discussing these topics during any extracurricular activity. Teachers, employees, and presenters may not discuss their own sexual orientation or gender identity.	Public K-12	None specified
101	Maine	HB 618	2/14/2023	Died	Rep. Jeffrey Adams (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any classroom instruction related to "critical race theory, social and emotional learning and diversity, equity and inclusion," which collectively are defined in the bill as certain concepts related to race or sex.	Public K-12	None specified
102	Maryland	HB 1256	2/11/2022	Died	Del. Brian Chisholm (R)	Bars public K-12 schools, as well as private K-12 schools that receive state funds, from including in their curricula certain ideas related to race and sex.	Public and private K-12	None specified
103	Michigan	SB 460	5/20/2021	Died	Sen. Lana Theis (R)	Bans public school curriculum from including critical race theory, the 1619 project or any of the specified "anti-American and racist theories."	K-12	None specified
104	Michigan	HB 5097, Passed by House in amended version that prohibits the "promotion" of certain ideas.	6/23/2021	Died	Rep. Andrew Beeler (R)	Prevents the state board model core academic curriculum from including "any form of race or gender stereotyping or anything that could be understood as implicit race or gender stereotyping."	K-12	None specified
105	Michigan	HB 6503	11/30/2022	Died	Rep. Beau LeFave (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from offering any classroom instruction related to "sexual orientation or gender identity" in grades K-3 or thereafter "in any manner that is not age-appropriate or developmentally appropriate for pupils."	K-12	None specified
106	Minnesota	HF 2778	1/24/2022	Died	Rep. Glenn Gruenhagen (R)	Prohibits the state commissioner of education from requiring that any student be instructed or teacher be trained in "critical race theory".	K-12	None specified
107	Minnesota	HB 3301	2/10/2022	Died	Rep. Glenn Gruenhagen (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from requiring instruction in "critical race theory", which is defined as "a practice of examining the role of race and racism in society, the social construction of race and institutionalized racism, and how race intersects with identity, systems, and policies."	K-12	None specified
108	Minnesota	SF 1495	2/9/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Eric Lucero (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools or higher education institutions from promoting, encouraging, or advocating for certain ideas related to race or sex, nor require students from consuming any media that espouses, encourages, advocates, or promotes those ideas.	Public K-12 and colleges	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support Private right of action
109	Minnesota	HF 2019	2/20/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Duane Quam (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools, colleges, and universities from teaching or promoting certain ideas related to race or sex, or requiring students read a book that teaches or promotes those ideas.	Public K-12 and colleges	Private right of action
110	Mississippi	SB 2538	1/18/2021	Died	Sen. Angela Burks Hill (R)	Bars using state funds to teach the 1619 Project.	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
111	Mississippi	HB 437	1/5/2022	Died	Rep. Becky Currie (R)	Bars public K-12 schools and colleges, as well as private education institutions that receive state funding, from including or promoting in their curricula certain "divisive concepts" related to race, sex, and national origin. These institutions are also prohibited from offering any training or orientation that includes these ideas.	K-12, public and private colleges	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
112	Mississippi	SB 2098	1/12/2022	Died	Sen. Brice Wiggins (R)	Bans K-12 schools from including in their curricula "critical race theory".	K-12	None specified
113	Mississippi	SB 2106	1/12/2022	Died	Sen. Joey Fillingane (R)	Bars K-12 schools from allowing "the instruction, training or teaching" of certain ideas related to race or sex, or that promotes division on the basis of race, gender, political affiliation, social class, or any other class of people, or that negatively targets a nationality or country.	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
114	Mississippi	SB 2113	1/12/2022	Signed into law by Governor Reeves 3/14/2022	Rep. Michael McLendon (R)	Bars public K-12 schools and colleges from compelling students to affirm or adopt certain ideas related to race, sex, or other characteristics, nor make "a distinction or classification of students based on account of race".	K-12, colleges	None specified
115	Mississippi	SB 2171	1/13/2022	Died	Sen. Chris McDaniel (R)	Bars K-12 and public colleges from directing or compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to sex, race, ethnicity, color, or national origin. No state money may be used to compel students to adopt or affirm any of these ideas.	K-12, colleges	None specified
116	Mississippi	HB 1491	1/17/2022	Died	Rep. Brady Williamson (R)	Bars K-12 schools and colleges from requiring students to affirm certain ideas related to "sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color or national origin", nor making any distinction on the basis of "race or color."	K-12, colleges	None specified
117	Mississippi	HB 1492/1493/1494/1497	1/17/2022	Died	Rep. Billy Calvert, Dan Eubanks, Joey Hood, Karl Oliver (R)	Bars K-12 schools and colleges from from including in their curricula, or providing employee or student training that includes, certain ideas related to race, sex, or the United States. They are further forbidden from including any content that promotes "division between, or resentment of, a race, sex, religion, creed, nonviolent political affiliation, social class or class of people."	Public and private K-12, public and private colleges	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
118	Mississippi	HB 1495	1/17/2022	Died	Rep. Steve Hopkins (R)	Bars K-12 schools and colleges from including in their curricula or requiring students to affirm certain ideas related to "sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color or national origin", as well as the idea that "racism is not merely the product of learned individual bias or prejudice, but that racism is systemically embedded in American society and the American legal system to facilitate racial inequality." Schools and colleges are also prohibited from using any materials derived from the 1619 Project.	K-12, colleges	None specified
119	Mississippi	HB 1496	1/17/2022	Died	Rep. Dana Underwood McLean (R)	Bars K-12 schools and colleges from requiring students to affirm certain ideas related to "sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color or national origin", nor making any distinction on the basis of "race or color."	K-12, colleges	None specified
120	Mississippi	SB 2168	1/11/2023	Died	Sen. Brice Wiggins (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from including "what is colloquially known as 'critical race theory'" in a required history and civics class.	K-12	None specified
121	Missouri	HB 952	1/28/2021	Died	Rep. Brian Seitz (R)	Bans teaching of "curriculum implementing critical race theory," including the 1619 Project.	K-12, colleges	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
122	Missouri	SB 586	5/1/2021	Died	Sen. Rick Brattin (R)	Sets state board of education policy "not to promote or allow" certain concepts related to race or sex in curricular or instruction.	K-12	None specified
123	Missouri	SB 5	6/23/2021	Died	Sen. Denny Hoskins (R)	Sets state board of education policy "not to promote or allow divisive concepts in public school curricula or instruction."	K-12	None specified
124	Missouri	HB 2132	1/3/2022	Died	Rep. Willard Haley (R)	Bans K-12 schools from administering any test that includes questions that affirm or promote certain concepts related to race, sex, or US history.	K-12	None specified
125	Missouri	HB 1995	1/5/2022	Died	Rep. Doug Richey (R)	Bars public K-12 schools from directing or compelling students or employees to discuss a public policy issue or to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	K-12	Private right of action
126	Missouri	HB 2189	1/5/2022	Died	Rep. Mary Coleman (R)	Bans K-12 schools from basing any curriculum materials on "student, family, or community immutable and other identifying characteristics including, but not limited to, race, binary sex, gender choices, religion, disabilities, or income."	K-12	Private right of action Civil suit by state AG and other state officials
127	Missouri	HB 1457	1/6/2022	Died	Rep. Hardy Billington (R)	Bars public schools from including in their curricula any material from or claims within the 1619 Project.	K-12	None specified
128	Missouri	HB 1484	1/6/2022	Died	Rep. Ann Kelley (R)	Bans public K-12 and colleges from including certain ideas related to race or sex in their curricula. Also prohibits mandatory orientation or training related to gender or sexual diversity, as well as any orientation or requirement that includes "race or sex stereotyping".	K-12, colleges	None specified
129	Missouri	HB 1554	1/6/2022	Died	Rep. David Gregory (R)	Bans public K-12 schools from including certain ideas related to race or sex in their curricula.	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
130	Missouri	HB 1634	1/6/2022	Died	Rep. Brian Seitz (R)	Prohibits teachers from using any material that identifies people, groups, or institutions as sexist, racist, or oppressive. Prohibits use of the 1619 Project and similar curricula.	K-12, colleges	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
131	Missouri	HB 1669	1/6/2022	Died	Rep. Brian Seitz (R)	Bans public K-12 schools from compelling students or employees to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race or sex in their curricula. Also prohibits mandatory orientation or training related to gender or sexual diversity, as well as any orientation or requirement that includes "race or sex stereotyping".	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
132	Missouri	HB 1767	1/6/2022	Died	Rep. Chris Sander (R)	Bans public K-12 schools from compelling belief in certain ideas about race, sex, and related concepts. Requires schools to notify the state government and public in advance of broaching any of these ideas in class.	K-12	None specified
133	Missouri	HB 1815	1/6/2022	Died	Rep. Nick Schroer (R)	Bans schools and teachers from adopting curriculum "implementing critical race theory" and teaching or using any materials from the 1619 Project or similar works.	K-12	None specified
134	Missouri	HB 1835	1/6/2022	Died	Rep. John Wiemann (R)	Requires public school teachers to teach controversial issues objectively and forbids them from including as part of a course any form of political activism. Prohibits teachers from requiring students to adopt or affirm certain concepts related to race, sex, and the history of the United States. Prohibits any school policy that generates a "chilling effect" on student discussion.	K-12, state agencies	None specified
135	Missouri	HJR 110	1/6/2022	Died	Rep. Phil Christofanelli (R)	Bans public K-12 schools from compelling teachers or students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	K-12	None specified
136	Missouri	SB 638/676/734/735	1/10/2022	Died	Sen. Robert Onder; Justin Brown; Denny Hoskins (R)	Bans public school curricula from including "divisive concepts".	K-12	None specified
137	Missouri	SB 645	1/10/2022	Died	Sen. Andrew Koenig (R)	Bans public K-12 schools from requiring teachers adopt certain ideas related to race or sex. Limits the sources teachers may use in compiling their curricula. Requires that teachers promote an "overall positive" history and understanding of the US. Requires all K-12 curricula and teacher training programs be available online for public review.	K-12, colleges	Private right of action Civil suit by state AG and other state officials
138	Missouri	SB 694	1/10/2022	Died	Sen. Rick Brattin (R)	Bans public schools from including in their curricula certain "divisive concepts" or making use of the 1619 Project, critical theory, or similar ideas. Schools may not force a teacher to discuss a "current controversial topic". Teachers who choose to discuss such topics shall do so objectively.	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
139	Missouri	HB 1474	1/11/2022	Died	Rep. Nick Schroer (R)	Establishes a "Parent's Bill of Rights" requiring schools to grant parents information about curricula. Prohibits teachers from using any material that identifies people, groups, or institutions as sexist, racist, or oppressive. Prohibits use of the 1619 Project and similar curricula.	K-12	None specified
140	Missouri	HB 2428	1/12/2022	Died	Rep. Shamed Dogan (R)	Bars K-12 schools from requiring students or employees to discuss a public policy issue, nor to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin. Limits employee communications and activism while carrying out professional duties.	K-12	None specified
141	Missouri	SB 740	1/13/2022	Died	Sen. William Eigel (R)	Bars K-12 schools from directing or compelling students or faculty to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race or sex. Mandates a principle of "non-indoctrination" that requires schools to balance all discussion of " political, religious, or ideological nature" with alternative material of an opposing position. Schools must place all curricular and professional development information and materials online for public review.	K-12	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Civil suit by state AG
142	Missouri	SB 1184	2/24/2022	Died	Sen. Holly Thompson Rehder (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from promoting or including in their curricula certain ideas related to race or sex.	K-12	None specified
143	Missouri	HJR 135	2/25/2022	Died	Rep. Curtis Trent (R)	Bars K-12 schools from including in their curricula any instruction on certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin, nor any ideas that violate Title IV or VI of the Civil Rights Act.	K-12	Authorizes the General Assembly to create administrative and financial penalties and a private right of action.
144	Missouri	HB 2827	2/28/2022	Died	Rep. Curtis Trent (R)	Bars K-12 schools from adopting any instruction materials that violate a "nonindoctrination principle" of imposing "any orthodoxy of a political, religious, or ideological nature." Any material of such nature must be "balanced" with the inclusion of an alternative view. Prohibits K-12 schools from compelling students or employees to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, sex, ethnicity, religion, color, or national origin, nor to contract with any outside party that "engages" students or employees in activities that violate their freedom of conscience.	K-12	Civil suit by state AG
145	Missouri	SB 21	9/14/2022	Died	Sen. Denny Hoskins (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including or promoting in curricula or instruction certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12	None specified
146	Missouri	SB 22	9/14/2022	Died	Sen. Robert Onder (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including or promoting in curricula or instruction certain concepts related to race or sex. No student or teacher may be compelled to adopt or affirm an idea that violates the Civil Rights Act, including certain concepts related to race, sex, color, or national origin.	K-12	None specified
147	Missouri	SB 158	12/1/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Nick Schroer (R)	Bars public K-12 schools from directing or compelling students or employees to discuss a public policy issue or to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	K-12	Private right of action
148	Missouri	SB 4	12/1/2022	Pending, passed by Senate, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Andrew Koenig (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from requiring teachers or students to adopt or affirm certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin. No course of instruction, unit of study, or professional development may "direct or compel" such adoption or affirmation. Requires the Department of Education to develop and promote a "patriotic curriculum".	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Loss of accreditation
149	Missouri	HB 165	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Brian Seitz (R)	Bars public K-12 schools from including in a required orientation any "race or sex stereotyping". No teacher or student may be compelled to adopt or affirm certain concepts related to race or sex. No pupil in any public school shall be required to engage in any form of mandatory gender or sexual diversity training or counseling.	K-12	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
150	Missouri	HB 482	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Ben Baker (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from directing or compelling any student or teacher to adopt or affirm an idea that violates the Civil Rights Act, including certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	K-12	None specified
151	Missouri	HB 627	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Phil Christofanelli (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from compelling teachers or students to adopt or affirm any idea "in violation of Title IV or Title VI of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964," including certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	K-12	None specified
152	Missouri	HB 634	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Ann Kelley (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from including any classroom instruction on sexual orientation or gender identity at any grade level.	K-12	Private right of action
153	Missouri	HB 75	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Ann Kelley (R)	Prohibits public K-12 school or college from requiring or making part of a course certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12, college	None specified
154	Missouri	SB 134	1/4/2023	Died as EGO due to adoption of amendment, but still under consideration in legislature. This bill is not counted by PEN America as a live EGO.	Sen. Mike Moon (R)	Prohibits K-12 staff from discussing with students at any grade level the concepts of "gender identity" (defined as the "psychological, behavioral, social, and cultural aspects of being a biological male or biological female") or "sexual orientation" unless that staff member is a licensed mental health care provider with parental permission.	K-12	None specified
155	Missouri	SB 172	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Denny Hoskins (R)	Bars K-12 schools from including or promoting as part of their curricula certain ideas related to race or sex.	K-12	None specified
156	Missouri	SB 410	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Andrew Koenig (R)	Prohibits public colleges and universities, as well as private ones that receive state funding, from requiring students to agree with or answer questions related to "antiracism, implicit bias, health equity, and any other related instructions or that promote differential treatment based on race, gender, religion, ethnicity, and sexual preference." Students who take classwork related to these issues may not receive any benefit or compensation that may not also be received by students who decline to take such classwork.	Public and private colleges and universities	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
157	Missouri	SB 42	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Rick Brattin (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from including in their curricula the 1619 Project, "critical race theory," or "any successor concepts or theories substantially similar" to them, or certain concepts related to race or sex. Teachers may not require students to participate in any lobbying or political activism, nor may schools require teachers to discuss currently controversial topics or matters of public policy.	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
158	Missouri	SB 451	1/4/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Curtis Trent (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from compelling teachers or students to adopt or affirm any idea "in violation of Title IV or Title VI of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964," including certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	K-12	None specified
159	Montana	SB 222	1/26/2023	Died	Sen. Jeremy Trebas (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and colleges from requiring any employee, as a condition of employment, to submit to an orientation or training that "espouses, promotes, advances, inculcates, or compels the individual to believe" certain ideas related to race, creed, religion, color, sex, physical or mental disability, age, and national origin.	Public K-12 and colleges	None specified
160	Montana	SB 235	1/30/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Daniel Emrich (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including in their science instruction any "scientific theories". Schools may only offer instruction in "scientific facts," defined in the bill as "an indisputable and repeatable observation of a natural phenomenon."	Public K-12	None specified
161	Montana	HB 533	2/14/2023	Died	Rep. Ed Stafman (D)	Prohibits private K-12 schools from including in their curriculum the assertion of certain ideas related to race, religion, or culture.	Private K-12	None specified
162	Montana	SB 413	2/20/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Carl Glimm (R)	Prohbits public K-12 schools from offering instruction or providing materials for students that has as its primary purpose the study or exploration of gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, or sexual relationships.	Public K-12	None specified
163	Nebraska	LB 1077	1/18/2022	Died	Sen. Ben Hansen (R)	Bars K-12 schools and public colleges from teaching, advocating, encouraging, promoting, or acting upon certain ideas related to race or sex as part of mandatory student or employee training. These institutions shall also, as part of their diversity and inclusion efforts, discourage students from discriminating on the basis of protected characteristics or political ideology. Note: According to the bill's primary sponsor, "training" in this bill is meant to include classroom instruction.	K-12, college, state agencies	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Civil suit by state AG
164	Nebraska	LB 374	1/12/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Dave Murman (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from compelling any teacher or student to adopt, affirm, or profess any idea "in violation of Title IV or Title VI of the federal Civil Rights Act of 1964," including certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin. Teachers must "endeavor to present facts without distortion, bias, or personal prejudice."	K-12	None specified
165	New Hampshire	HB 544 (modified version added to budget bill HB 2 under section "Right to Freedom from Discrimination in Public Workplaces and Education")	4/8/2021	Added to budget bill HB 2 as amendment. HB 2 was signed into law by Governor Sununu 6/25/21	Reps. Keith Ammon, Glenn Cordelli, Jason Osborne (R)	Prohibits public employer or contractors from "teach[ing], advocat[ing], instruct[ing], or train[ing] any employee, student, service recipient, contractor, staff member, inmate, or any other individual or group" in certain concepts. Prohibits government programs from "teach[ing], advocat[ing], or advanc[ing]" certain concepts. Protects public employees from punishment for refusing to participate in training on certain concepts. Bars public school students from being "taught, instructed, inculcated or compelled to express belief in, or support for" certain concepts.	K-12, state institutions, state contractors	Private right of action Professional discipline
166	New Hampshire	HB 1313	11/20/2021	Died	Rep. Roderick Ladd (R)	Amends HB 2 to extend prohibitions on teaching to colleges.	Colleges	Private right of action Professional discipline
167	New Hampshire	HB 1255	1/8/2022	Died	Reps. Alicia Lekas, Glenn Cordelli, Keith Ammon, Tony Lekas, Erica Layon (R)	Bars teachers from advocating in any state institution for socialism, Marxism, or any doctrine that calls for the violent overthrow of the United States. Bars teachers in public schools from advocating for any doctrine promoting a negative account of the founding of the United States without also including "the worldwide context of now outdated and discouraged practices."	K-12, colleges, state institutions	Professional discipline
168	New Hampshire	HB 619	1/12/2023	Pending	Rep. Terry Roy (R)	Prohibits teachers in grades K-8 from teaching students that gender is "a choice, optional or fluid and that there are more than 2 genders: male and female." Teachers in grades 9-12 may do so, but only with parental permission and only "as a part of an approved psychology course setting where the educator is a licensed child psychologist, and they may only teach that there may be more than 2 genders in the context of teaching about the mental health condition known as gender dysphoria." No educator may teach the use of any pronouns for a person other than "he/him/his" and "she/her/hers". Schools may only refer to students by the name and gender indicated on the enrolment form submitted by their parents.	K-12	Professional discipline Private right of action
169	New Jersey	A3647/A6140/SB664	1/11/2022	Pending	Rep. Harold J. Wirths, Sen. Steven Oroho (R)	Bans public employers from requiring that any employee complete a training program that encourages the adoption of certain ideas related to race, sex, and other identities.	K-12, colleges, state institutions	None specified
170	New Jersey	SB 598/A 783	1/12/2022	Pending	Sens. Michael Testa, Joseph Pennacchio, Reps. Gerard Scharfenberger, Robert Auth (R)	Bans public schools from including certain concepts in their instruction, except when the concepts relate to specific historical events or documents. Prohibits teachers from "endorsing, supporting, or opposing" any political candidate, policy, or court decision. Requires that teachers only discuss an issue included in a political party's platform when it is germane to the subject being taught, in which case the issue must be presented in a fair-minded and nonpartisan manner.	K-12	None specified
171	New Jersey	A 4042	5/16/2022	Pending	Rep. Eric Peterson (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from providing any classroom instruction on "sex, sex acts, abortion, birth control, sexual orientation, or gender identity" from grades K-5, nor thereafter without the express written permission of parents.	K-12	Private right of action
172	New Jersey	S 2685	5/19/2022	Pending	Sen. Edward Durr (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from promoting or using materials that promote "concepts related to critical race theory", including certain ideas related to race or sex. Creates a hotline to be used by parents to notify the state of any violation.	K-12	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
173	New Mexico	HB 91	1/19/2022	Died	Rep. Rebecca Dow (R)	Bars K-12 schools from teaching "critical race theory", defined as certain ideas related to race or sex. This includes instruction that "derives or otherwise traces its origins or influences from, or pertinently overlaps with, the critical theory social philosophy," that "creates a feeling or feelings of discomfort, guilt, anguish or any other form of psychological, physical or any other kind of distress in a person on account of the race or gender attributed to that person," or that "teaches or promotes the idea that social problems are created by racist or patriarchal societal structures and systems," among others.	K-12	None specified
174	New York	A8253	1/5/2022	Died	Assemblyman Colin Schmitt (R)	Prohibits public schools and universities from holding courses or curriculum teaching certain concepts. Bans requiring students or faculty to learn or study the 1619 Project.	K-12, colleges	None specified
175	New York	A8579	1/5/2022	Died	Assemblyman John Salka (R)	Prohibits public schools from including certain concepts in their courses.	K-12	None specified
176	North Carolina	HB 1067	5/27/2022	Died	Rep. Keith Kidwell (R)	Public K-12 schools ay not include any instruction on sexual orientation or gender identity in K-6 curricula.	K-12	Private right of action
177	North Carolina	SB 49	2/7/2023	Vetoed by Gov. Cooper, overridden 8/16/2023	Sen. Amy Galey (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to gender identity, sexual activity, or sexuality in grades K-4.	Public K-12	Private right of action
178	North Carolina	H 187	2/23/2023	Pending, passed by House	Rep. John Torbett (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from compelling students or employees to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race or sex.	Public K-12	None specified
179	North Carolina	HB 755	5/25/2022 Note: This is the date on which the bill was amended into an EGO.	Died	Sen. Deanna Ballard (R) Note: Ballard is the sponsor of the amendment that transformed HB 755 into an EGO, but is not the bill's original sponsor.	Public K-12 schools may not include any instruction on sexual orientation or gender identity in K-3 curricula. Parents must be notified prior to any change in the name or pronouns school personnel use in reference to a student.	K-12	Private right of action
180	North Carolina	HB 324	3/17/2021	Vetoed by Governor Cooper 9/10/21	Rep. Jason Saine (R)	Bans public schools from compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race or sex.	K-12	None specified
181	North Carolina	SB 700	4/7/2021	Died	Sens. Chuck Edwards, Joyce Krawiec, Ralph Hise (R)	Public K-12 schools must present a balanced viewponit on all matters. When discussing one political party, "the viewpoint of the alternative political party shall also be presented and given equal weight during the same instructional unit."	K-12	None specified
182	North Dakota	HB 1508	11/8/2021	Signed into law by Governor Burgum 11/12/2021	Rep. Jim Kasper, Ben Koppelman, Lisa Meier, Karen Rohr, Dan Ruby (R), Sens. Janne Myrdal, Terry Wanzek (R)	Requires that all instruction in public K-12 schools be "factual" and "objective". Prohibits the inclusion of any instruction related to critical race theory, defined as "the theory that racism is not merely the product of learned individual bias or prejudice, but that racism is systemically embedded in American society and the American legal system to facilitate racial inequality."	K-12	None specified
183	North Dakota	SB 2231	1/12/2023	Vetoed by Governor Burgum 3/30/3023	Sen. Larry Luick (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from offering any classroom instruction or professional development program recognizing "expressed gender", defined as a gender identity other than an individual's biological sex. Further prohibits schools from referring to any student using a name or pronoun related to expressed gender without parental consent. Even with parental direction, a teacher may refuse to use such names or pronouns if they wish.	K-12	None specified
184	North Dakota	SB 2247	1/13/2023	Signed by Governor Burgum 4/24/2023	Sen. Bob Paulson (R)	Prohibits public colleges and universities from compelling students or employees to endorse or oppose certain concepts related to race, sex, religion, creed, nonviolent political affiliation, social class, or class of people. Colleges may not ask any student or faculty member about their ideological or political viewpoint.	Public colleges	None specified
185	North Dakota	HB 1446	1/18/2023	Died as EGO due to adoption of amendment, but still under consideration in legislature. This bill is not counted by PEN America as a live EGO.	Rep. Mike Lefor (R)	Prohibits public college and university faculty from disparaging campus personnel on social media.	College	Professional discipline
186	North Dakota	HB 1526	1/18/2023	Pending, passed by House, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Scott Dyk (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and colleges from espousing, promoting, advancing, inculcating, or compeling students or employees to believe certain concepts related to race, color, sex, or national origin, or that any "virtue" is racist or sexist. Teachers may not engage in "social emotional learning," "inform a student's worldview based on emotions," or "teach a student that the student's inner feelings are capable of guiding the student's life."	K-12	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
187	North Dakota	HB 1522	1/24/2023	Died as EGO due to adoption of amendment, but still under consideration in legislature. This bill is not counted by PEN America as a live EGO.	Rep. Scott Dyk (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from establishing a place, facility, school program, or accommodation that "caters to a student's perceived or expressed gender, including a preferred gender pronoun, if the perceived or expressed gender is inconsistent with the student's sex" or that "caters to a student's perception of being any animal species other than human."	Public K-12	Private right of action
188	Ohio	HB 322	5/25/2021	Died	Rep. Don Jones (R)	Bans requiring teachers to "discuss current events or widely debated and currently controversial issues of public policy or social affairs." Requires teachers who do to "explore such issues from diverse and contending perspectives." Bans requiring students to engage in political advocacy. Bans private funding of curriculum or teacher training. Bans teaching or training of staff to believe in certain concepts. Bans those concepts in teaching materials. Bans teachers from being required to affirm certain beliefs.	K-12, state agencies	None specified
189	Ohio	HB 327	5/25/2021	Died	Rep. Diane Grendell (R)	Bans teaching or training of divisive concepts. Bars funding for school districts in violation until in compliance. Allows the "impartial discussion of controversial aspects of history." Prohibits state agencies (including institutions of higher education) from offering "teaching, instruction, or training on divisive concepts to any employees, contractors, staff members, or any other individual or... requir[ing] them to adopt or believe in divisive concepts." Bars punishment for state employees' "refusal to support, believe, endorse, embrace, confess, act upon, or otherwise assent to divisive concepts." Bans state agencies from accepting private funding for curriculum or training that promotes divisive concepts.	K-12, colleges, state institutions	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Ineligibility of state contracts
190	Ohio	HB 616	4/4/2022	Died	Rep. Mike Loychik (R)	Bars public and private K-12 schools from using or providing any instructional material designed to promote certain "racist" or "divisive" concepts, including "critical race theory," "intersectional theory," and the 1619 Project. Employee training may not promote these concepts. No instructional content related to sexual orientation or gender identity may be provided to students in grades K-3, nor thereafter in a manner that is not age- or developmentally appropriate.	Public and private K-12	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
191	Ohio	SB 83	3/14/2023	Pending, passed by Senate	Sen. Jerry Cirino (R)	Prohibits public college and university faculty from seeking to "inculcate any social, political, or religious point of view."	Public colleges and universities	None specified
192	Ohio	HB 151	4/6/2023	Pending	Rep. Steve Demetriou (R)	Requires public colleges and universities to provide that "no aspect of life at the institution, within or outside the classroom, requires, favors, disfavors, or prohibits speech or action to support any political, social, or religious belief." No "training course" related to diversity, equity, or inclusion may be required. Faculty may not "seek to inculcate any social, political, or religious point of view."	Public colleges and universities	None specified
193	Ohio	HB 33	6/15/2023 Note: This is the date when EGO provisions were incorporated into the bill.	Died as EGO due to adoption of amendment, but still under consideration in legislature. This bill is not counted by PEN America as a live EGO.	Rep. Jay Edwards (R)	Prohibits public college and university faculty from seeking to "inculcate any social, political, or religious point of view."	Public colleges and universities
194	Oklahoma	HB 1775	2/1/2021	Signed into law by Governor Stitt 5/7/21	Rep. Kevin West, Sen. David Bullard (R)	Bans "mandatory gender or sexual diversity training or counseling" for students or "orientation or requirement that presents any form of race or sex stereotyping or a bias on the basis of race or sex" in higher education. Prohibits schools from using specified concepts in courses.	K-12, colleges	None specified
195	Oklahoma	SB 803	2/1/2021	Died	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits schools from "teaching, instructing or training any student to believe" certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12	Professional discipline
196	Oklahoma	SB 830	2/1/2021	Died	Sen. Nathan Dahm (R)	"[E]very agency or department of the state, county or municipality or political subdivision shall be prohibited from adopting a policy to promote race or sex stereotyping or scapegoating."	state agencies, political subivisions	None specified
197	Oklahoma	SB 614	2/23/2021	Died	Sen. David Bullard (R)	Bars public colleges and universities from endorsing, promoting, demeaning, or intentionally undermine any religious or non-religious faith. Professors may not "endorse, favor or promote socialism, communism or Marxism", nor express or include any "anti-American bias" or "anti-American sentiment".	colleges	None specified
198	Oklahoma	SB 588	2/25/2021	Died	Sen. David Bullard (R)	Establishes K-12 students' rights to an "unbiased education" that does not "endorse, favor or promote socialism, communism or Marxism and that is free from anti-American bias." Establishes a student right to classroom space and school events free from flags and other paraphenalia associated with these ideas. Students and parents may file a complaint in the event that these rights are violated.	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Loss of state accreditation
199	Oklahoma	HB 2988	2/7/2022	Died	Rep. Jim Olsen (R)	Bars public schools from including in their curricula the 1619 Project or related ideas about the history of slavery in America.	K-12, colleges	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
200	Oklahoma	SB 1141	2/7/2022	Died	Sen. Rob Standridge (R)	Bars public colleges and universities from requiring students to enroll in any course that "addresses any form of gender, sexual, or racial diversity, equality, or inclusion curriculum." No course required as part of a student's major may include certain ideas related to race or sex.	colleges	None specified
201	Oklahoma	SB 1142	2/7/2022	Died	Sen. Rob Standridge (R)	Prohibits public school libraries from holding or promoting books focusing on sex, sexual lifestyles, or sexual activity, or are of a controversial nature that a "reasonable parent" would not approve. Parents may demand the removal of any book they deem to be inappropriate.	K-12	Private right of action
202	Oklahoma	SB 1174	2/7/2022	Died	Sen. George Burns (R)	Bars K-12 schools from requiring teachers of civics, history, and similar courses to discuss "current events or widely debated and currently controversial issues of contemporary public policy or contemporary social affairs." Those who choose to do so must teach the material from "diverse and contending perspectives." Bars K-12 schools from requiring or awarding course credit for lobbying, public policy advocacy, or any similar form of political activism.	K-12	None specified
203	Oklahoma	SB 1250	2/7/2022	Died	Sen. David Bullard (R)	Bars K-12 schools from awarding course credit for political activities such as assisting in voter registration. Teachers may not be compelled to discuss a "a particular current event or widely debated and currently controversial issue of public policy or social affairs."	K-12	Professional discipline
204	Oklahoma	SB 1401	2/7/2022	Died	Sen. Rob Standridge (R)	Bars K-12 schools and junior and technical colleges from employing or contracting with any individual who "introduces and teaches related to Critical Race Theory."	K-12, colleges	Private right of action Professional discipline
205	Oklahoma	SB 1654	2/7/2022	Died	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Bars K-12 schools from discussing or administering any survey or questionnaire related to gender or sexuality. Schools may not include in their libraries or make part of a curriculum any book whose primary subject is "the study of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender issues or recreational sexualization."	K-12	None specified
206	Oklahoma	SB 1470	2/8/2022	Died	Sen. Rob Standridge (R)	Bars K-12 schools from employing or contracting with any person who "promotes positions in the classroom or at any function of the public school that is in opposition to closely held religious beliefs of students."	K-12	Private right of action Professional discipline
207	Oklahoma	HB 1074	4/25/2022	Died Note: this is a proposed floor substitute to an unrelated bill.	Sen. Nathan Dahm (R)	Prohibits any classroom instruction on "sexual orientation or gender identity" in grades K-5, and only in an age and developmentally appropriate manner thereafter.	K-12	Private right of action
208	Oklahoma	HB 1780	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Danny Williams (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any form of sex education.	Public K-12	None specified
209	Oklahoma	HB 2546	2/6/2023	Pending, passed by House, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Terry O'Donnell (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-5, or thereafter in a manner that is no age appropriate or developmentally appropriate.	Public K-12	None specified
210	Oklahoma	SB 1017	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from maintaining in their library or making part of their curricula any material that makes as its primary subject "the study of lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender issues or recreational sexualization."	Public K-12	None specified
211	Oklahoma	SB 1027	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from using any curricula with content related to social-emotional learning. Schools may not promote school or civic engagement, or that builds "an equitable learning framework" that addresses "non-cognitive social factors" such as self-awareness, social awareness, relationship skills, attributes, dispositions, social skills, beliefs, behaviors, attitudes, and so forth.	Public K-12	Private right of action
212	Oklahoma	SB 1072	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits public and private K-12 schools and colleges from engaging in "grooming" of a minor, defined in the bill as " the deliberate act of bringing a child into a sexual, political, or racial ideology, practice, cult, or lifestyle without the knowledge or consent of his or her parents for the aim of isolating the child from his or her family so the external party can abuse and manipulate him or her."	Public and private K-12	Criminal penalty
213	Oklahoma	SB 20	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. George Burns (R)	Bars K-12 schools from requiring teachers of civics, history, and similar courses to discuss "current events or widely debated and currently controversial issues of contemporary public policy or contemporary social affairs." Those who choose to do so must teach the material from "diverse and contending perspectives." Bars K-12 schools from requiring or awarding course credit for lobbying, public policy advocacy, or any similar form of political activism.	K-12	None specified
214	Oklahoma	SB 30	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Cody Rogers (R)	Bars public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to "sexual orientation or gender identity" to students in K-6 grades or to students in grades 7-12 in a manner that is not "age-appropriate or developmentally appropriate."	K-12	Private right of action
215	Oklahoma	SB 348	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Nathan Dahm (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools, colleges, and other public agencies and political subdivisions from adopting a policy or training material that promotes certian ideas related to race or sex.	K-12, colleges, state agencies	None specified
216	Oklahoma	SB 866	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. David Bullard (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction, program, test, activity, survey, or questionnaire on matters pertaining to sex education, sexual orientation, or gender identity to students in grades K-5.	K-12	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
217	Oklahoma	SB 933	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Amends HB 1775 to prohibit K-12 schools from compelling the adoption or affirmation of a list of certain concepts, to which are added as categories ethnicity and national origin. Adds explcitly penalties.	K-12	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support Private right of action
218	Oklahoma	SB 935	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits public and private accredited K-12 schools from including or promoting "critical race theory" or certain ideas related to race, sex, or other classes of people. Recognizes "secular humanism" as a religion for the purposes of the First Amendment, thereby prohibiting any public agency from promoting its tenets or compelling their adoption or affirmation. Lawsuits against school districts believed to have violated this bill may be brought by parents of students or any taxpayer in the state.	Public and private K-12	Private right of action Professional discipline
219	Oklahoma	SB 937	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits public and accredited private K-12 schools from promoting the concepts or any instruction related to "gender identity" (defined as "non-secular self-asserted sex-based identity narratives") or "sexual orientation" (defined as "homosexual, lesbian, or transgender" identities), both of which are described as stemming from non-secular humanism" and therefore are violations of the Establishment Clause. Schools are also prohibited from "mandating non-obvious pronouns" or hosting Drag Queen Story Hours.	Public and private K-12	Private right of action Professional discipline
220	Oklahoma	SB 973	2/6/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Shane Jett (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-6. Any instruction offered in grades thereafter shall give equal time to "the two-gender perspective".	K-12	None specified
221	Oregon	HB 2430	1/9/2023	Died	Rep. Boomer Wright (R)	Prohibits public K-12 and universities from requiring or compelling a student to adopt, affirm, "state or in any way act in accordance with" belief in certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, sex, gender, religion, or national origin. Public universities may not expend any public money in support of any such requirement or compulsion.	K-12, colleges	Private right of action
222	Oregon	HB 2475	1/9/2023	Died	Rep. Kimberly Wallan (R)	Prohibits public K-12 and universities from requiring or compelling a student to adopt, affirm, "state or in any way act in accordance with" belief in certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, sex, gender, religion, or national origin. Public universities may not expend any public money in support of any such requirement or compulsion.	K-12, colleges	Private right of action
223	Oregon	HB 3044	1/17/2023	Died	Rep. Lily Morgan (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-3, or thereafter in a manner that is not age or developmentally appropriate.	Public K-12	None specified
224	Pennsylvania	SB 1278	6/10/2022	Died	Sen. Scott Martin (R)	Prohibits public schools from offering any classroom instruction on sexual orientation or gender identity in grades pre-K-5, nor thereafter in a manner that is not age-appropriate and developmentally appropriate. When discussing these subjects, teachers must remain neutral in a fashion similar to the constitutionally mandated posture of neutrality toward religion.	K-12	Private right of action
225	Pennsylvania	HB 2813	9/13/2022	Died	Rep. Stephanie Borowicz (R)	Bars public schools from offering any instruction on sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-5.	K-12	Private right of action
226	Pennsylvania	HB 1532	6/7/2021	Died	Rep. Russ Diamond (R)	Bars communications from state agencies, school districts, or public universities that "adopt, express or promote any racist or sexist concept." Bars punishment for public employees, contractors, or students for "refusal to support, believe, endorse, embrace, confess, act upon or otherwise assent to an racist or sexist concept." Bars teachers and professors from "teach[ing], advocat[ing] or encourag[ing] the adoption of a racist or sexist concept while instructing students." Bans schools and universities from "host[ing], pay[ing] or provid[ing] a venue for a speaker who espouses, advocates or promotes any racist or sexist concept." Bans contractors from engaging workplace training that teaches such concepts.	K-12, colleges, state entities, state contractors	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Ineligibility for state contracts
227	Pennsylvania	HB 2521	4/18/2022	Died	Rep. Barbara Gleim (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools, their employees, or invited speakers from compeling any individual to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to age, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, race, creed, color, marital status, familial status, mental or physical disability, religion, or national origin, nor penalize any individual for "a refusal to engage in prohibited indoctrination." Similar prohibitions apply to any contractor.	K-12, state contractors	Loss of contract
228	Rhode Island	H 6070	3/3/2021	Died	Reps. Patricia Morgan, George Nardone, Sherry Roberts (R)	Mandates that all "state and municipal contracts, grants and training programs... include provisions banning the teaching of divisive concepts and... prohibit making any individual feel discomfort, guilt, anguish, or any other form of psychological distress on account of their race or sex."	state agencies, state contractors	None specified
229	Rhode Island	HB 7539	2/18/2022	Died	Rep. Patricia Morgan (R)	Bars K-12 schools from including in their curricula certain ideas related to race, color, national origin, religion, disability, or sex. Prohibits them from using race or gender stereotypes " in any part of the school curricula or instruction....Terms such as "supremacy," "racial guilt," "racial fragility," and other racial slurs or terms used to cast negative opinions on individuals based upon race, ethnicity, gender, or religion" may not be included in curricula. No classroom material may depict "identity groups" as victims or oppressors. History shall be taught using "the standards, customs, and traditions in use at the time of the historical event." Instruction may not focus on the history, literature, or cultural contributions of individual identity groups, nor may they center on "any race, ethnicity, gender, religion or viewpoint." Prohibits use of the 1619 Project. Sex education shall not explore sexual preference, gender dysphoria, or sexual lifestyles. Forbids use of pronouns that refer to a gender different from a child's biological sex.	K-12	Professional discipline
230	Rhode Island	H 5739	2/21/2023	Pending	Rep. Patricia Morgan (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from making part of its curricula certain ideas related to race or sex.Schools may not adopt any instructional material that depicts "identity groups" as oppressors or victims, nor any material that exclusively focuses or centers on " the history, literature, current events, or cultural contributions of individual identity groups." Books and instructional materials may not center any race, ethnicity, gender, religion or viewpoint.	Public K-12	Professional discipline
231	South Carolina	H 4100 (part of state budget under "Partisanship Curriculum")	3/16/2021	Signed into law by Governor McMaster 6/25/21	House Ways and Means Committee	Mandates that funds shall not be used by public schools "to provide instruction in, to teach, instruct, or train any administrator, teacher, staff member, or employee to adopt or believe, or to approve for use, make use of, or carry out standards, curricula, lesson plans, textbooks, instructional materials, or instructional practices that serve to inculcate" certain concepts.	K-12	None specified
232	South Carolina	H 4325	5/4/2021	Died	Rep. Steven Wayne Long (R)	Bans public schools and institutions of higher learning from "direct[ing] or otherwise compel[ling] students to personally affirm, adopt, or adhere to the tenets of critical race theory; or introduc[ing] a course of instruction or unit of study" to do such.	K-12, colleges	None specified
233	South Carolina	H 4343	5/5/2021	Died	Rep. Bill Taylor (R)	Mandates that school websites "provides a detailed list of instructional materials and curricula used in the school." Prohibits schools from "direct[ing] or otherwise compel[ing] students to personally affirm, adopt, or adhere to" specified tenets. "A student, administrator, teacher, staff member, other school or district employee, or volunteer may not be required to engage in any form of mandatory gender or sexual diversity training or counseling... or to create or participate in a professional development, training, or a course that includes" specified concepts. Bars schools from teaching or using the 1619 Project.	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
234	South Carolina	H 4392	5/13/2021	Died	Reps. Linda Bennett, Stewart Jones (R)	Bars requiring or giving course credit for lobbying or public policy advocacy by students. Bars private funding for curriculum or professional development for "courses on history, civics, U.S. government and politics, social studies, or similar subject areas." Bars teachers from being compelled to "to affirm a belief in anything characterized as the systemic nature of racism... or in anything characterized as the multiplicity or fluidity of gender identities." Prohibits state agencies and schools from engaging in teaching, instructing, or training in certain concepts, or using curriculum or instruction to inculcate specified concepts.	K-12, state agencies	None specified
235	South Carolina	H 4605	1/11/2022	Died	Reps. Linda Bennett, James Burns, Cally Forrest, Joseph Bustos (R)	Bans any state-funded entity from promoting, engaging, or treating individuals in accordance with certain discriminatory concepts. Bars educators from suggesting or requiring completion of any "instruction, presentations, discussions, or counseling" that affirms the discriminatory concepts. Forbids educators from subjecting minors to certain "controversial and age-inapprorpiate topics" and regulates the manner in which instruction may be conducted.	K-12, colleges, state entities, state contractors, private businesses and organizations that receive state funds or benefit from state tax exemption or nonprofit status	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Loss of tax exemption status or any other state accommodation Loss of state contract
236	South Carolina	SB 982	1/12/2022	Died	Sen. Thomas Davis (R)	Bars K-12 schools from compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, color, religion, or national origin. Prohibits contracting with any third-party to provide instruction that promotes any of these ideas. Requires schools to make all curricular material accessible for review.	K-12	Civil suit by state AG
237	South Carolina	HB 4799	1/13/2022	Died	Rep. Robert May (R)	Bans K-12 schools and colleges from teaching, including in curricula, or compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas about American history, race, sex, or other characteristics. These institutions are also prohibited from requiring or encouraging employees to attend workshops or training where such ideas are promoted. Prohibits K-12 schools from including or promoting the 1619 Project.	K-12, colleges, state agencies, political subdivisions	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
238	South Carolina	HB 5150 (Part 1B, Sec. 1.93)	3/8/2022	Signed into law by Governor McMaster 6/22/2022	House Ways and Means Committee	Prohibits public K-12 school districts from spending any funds allocated by the Department of Education to instruct or train any student or employee to adopt or believe certain ideas related to race or sex. Schools may not use such funds to make use of any curricula, lesson plans, textbooks, or instructional materials that "serve to inculcate" those ideas.	Public K-12	None specified
239	South Carolina	HB 5183	3/30/2022	Died, passed by House Note: This bill is substantively similar (though not identical) to S 945.	House Education and Public Works Committee	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including or promoting in their instruction or professional development materials certain ideas related to race, sex, ethnicity, religion, color, or national origin. Bans any instruction that "create[s] a narrative" connecting the United States or its founding to "oppression".	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
240	South Carolina	S 246	11/30/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Joshua Kimbrell (R)	Bars public K-12 schools and universities from using any classroom instruction or curricula in order to "indoctrinate or persuade" any students to adopt certain concepts related to race or gender.	K-12, colleges	None specified
241	South Carolina	HB 3464	1/10/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Steven Long (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and colleges from directing, compelling, or introducing a course of instruction that directs or compells a student to adopt or affirm "the tenets of Critical Race Theory," defined as certain concepts related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color, and national origin.	K-12, colleges	None specified
242	South Carolina	HB 3466	1/10/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Bill Taylor (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from directing or compelling students to adopt or affirm certain concepts related to sex, race, ethnicity, color, or national origin, nor make any distinction or classification of students on the basis of race or color. Teachers may not be required to attend any professional development training that includes certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12	None specified
243	South Carolina	SB 3304	1/10/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Raye Felder (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including or promoting certain concepts related to race, sex, ethnicity, color, or national origin. Students and staff may not be required to participate in any gender or sexual diversity training. Schools are prohibited from using any instruction or instructional materials that "create a narrative that the United States was founded for the purpose of oppression, that the American Revolution was fought for the purpose of protecting oppression or that United States history is a story defined by oppression."	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
244	South Carolina	H 3728	1/18/2023	Pending, passed by Senate, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Raye Felder (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including, promoting, or compelling belief in certain ideas related to race, sex, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	K-12	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
245	South Carolina	HB 3779	1/24/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Jermaine Johnson (D)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including in their history curriculum any instruction relating to slaveowners.	Public K-12	None specified
246	South Carolina	HB 3827/SB 424	1/26/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Marvin Smith (R)	Prohibits public and private K-12 schools and colleges from including, promoting, or compelling belief in certain concepts related to race, ethnicity, color, biological sex, sexual orientation, national origin, heritage, culture, religion, or political belief, as well as ideas related to the social construction of race, unconscious or implicit bias, and pronoun usage. Schools and colleges may not promote instruction that "materially distorts or misrepresents verifiable historical facts" or that "teaches theoretical ideas or uncorroborated claims as factual." Nor may these institutions subject minors to any material (e.g. in the classroom, library, book fair, etc.) that contains any sexually explicit or obscene material in any amount or context, or that references "concepts or instruction on sexual activity, sexual orientation, gender theory, gender identity, gender multiplicity, or gender expression" prior to Grade 9.	Public and private K-12 and colleges	Professional discipline Monetary penalty/loss of state financial support Private right of action
247	South Carolina	HB 4300 (Part 1B, Sec. 1.82)	4/19/2023	Signed into law by Gov. McMaster 6/20/2023	House Ways and Means Committee	Prohibits public K-12 schools from using any state funds to provide instruction on certain concepts related to race or sex.	Public K-12	None specified
248	South Carolina	S 945	5/4/2022 Note: This is the date of the committee subsistute that rendered the bill an EGO.	Died Passed by Senate Note: This bill is substantively similar (though not identical) to HB 5183.	Sen. Greg Hembree (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including or promoting in their instruction or professional development materials certain ideas related to race, sex, ethnicity, religion, color, or national origin. Bans any instruction that "create[s] a narrative" connecting the United States or its founding to "oppression".	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
249	South Dakota	HB 1157	1/28/2021	Died	Rep. Phil Jensen (R)	Bans instruction in public schools that promotes or advocates certain concepts or ideas related to "race, gender, political affiliation, social class, or identifiable group of people," or is "designed primarily for students of a particular ethnic group."	K-12	None specified
250	South Dakota	HB 1158	1/28/2021	Died	Rep. Phil Jensen (R)	Bans "any materials or encourage any activities that are associated with efforts to reframe this country's history in a way that promotes racial divisiveness and displaces historical understanding with ideology," including the 1619 Project.	K-12	None specified
251	South Dakota	HB 1012	1/11/2022	Signed into law by Governor Noem 3/21/2022	Gov. Kristi Noem (R)	Bans public colleges from compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, sex, and other characteristics, nor require students or employees to attend any training or orientation that teaches these ideas.	Colleges	None specified
252	South Dakota	HB 1337	2/2/2022	Died	Gov. Kristi Noem (R)	Bars K-12 schools from including in their curricula or employee training any content that promotes certain ideas related to race, color, religion, sex, ethnicity, national origin, or US history.	K-12	None specified
253	South Dakota	HB 1309	2/4/2022	Died	Rep. Sue Lucas-Peterson (R)	Prohibits K-12 and public colleges from soliciting from individuals, as a condition of admission, employment, retention, promotion, or tenure, their commitment to certain ideas related to diversity, racism, gender, sexuality, or American society.	K-12, colleges	None specified
254	Tennessee	HB 571/SB 603	3/8/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Michele Carringer (R), Sen. Joseph Hensley (R)	Prohibits public colleges, universities, and medical schools that offers health-related degrees from requiring students to "study or ascribe to DEI ideologies," defined as "an effort to promote racial diversity in an aspect of a healthcare related academic program; a reference to group differences within a given setting along cultural, ethnic, gender, gender identity, national origin, race, religion, or sexual orientation lines; and promulgating policies, practices, and procedures designed or implemented with reference to those group differences."	Public colleges, universities, and medical schools	Private right of action
255	Tennessee	HB 580	2/5/2021	Signed into law by Governor Lee 5/25/21	Rep. John Ragan (R)	Bans public schools from including or promoting certain concepts in curriculum. Allows the "impartial discussion of controversial aspects of history." Mandates the withholding of at least a portion of state funds for schools not in compliance.	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
256	Tennessee	HB 800	2/9/2021	Died	Rep. Bruce Griffey (R)	Bans schools from using "textbooks and instructional materials or supplemental instructional materials that promote, normalize, support, or address lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT) issues or lifestyles."	K-12	None specified
257	Tennessee	HB 2313/SB 2298	2/1/2022	Died	Rep. Bruce Griffey (R)	Bars any private individual, organization, or association that receives a tax exemption under federal law, is a non-profit, or that receives funding from the state from requiring "an individual, employee, or applicant for employment to complete or participate in training, orientation, or any other instructional or informational program that promotes" certain ideas related to race or sex.	Private K-12 and colleges, non-profits, tax exempt organizations	Private right of action
258	Tennessee	HB 2417/SB 2283	2/1/2022	Died	Rep. Robin Smith (R)	Bars public colleges and universities from requiring teachers or students to discuss public policy issues, nor to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, color, or national origin.	Colleges	Private right of action
259	Tennessee	HB2670/SB 2290	2/1/2022	Signed into law by Governor Lee 4/8/2022	Sen. Mike Bell (R), Rep. Cameron Sexton (R)	Bans public colleges and universities from including certain ideas related to race and sex in any "seminars, workshops, trainings, and orientations." Campus diversity initiatives must include the promotion of intellectual diversity.	Colleges	Private right of action
260	Tennessee	HB 2673/SB 2684	2/2/2022	Signed into law by Governor Lee 5/25/2022, but without EGO provisions	Rep. Jerry Sexton (R)	Bars K-12 schools from including in their instruction any "anti-Semitic concepts".	K-12	None specified
261	Texas	HB 3979	3/11/2021	Signed into law by Governor Abbott 6/15/21 Note: This law was replaced by SB 3.	Rep. Steve Toth (R)	Bars teachers from being "compelled to discuss a particular current event or widely debated and currently controversial issue." Teachers who do so should "strive to explore the topic from diverse and contending perspectives without giving deference to any one perspective." Bars schools from requiring or giving course credit for a student's political activism, lobbying, or public policy advocacy. Bars state agency and school employees from being "required to engage in training, orientation, or therapy that presents any form of race or sex stereotyping." Bars requiring an understanding of the 1619 Project. Bans schools from requiring or making part of a course certain concepts. Bans agencies and schools from accepting private funding for developing prohibited curriculum.	K-12, state agencies	None specified
262	Texas	HB 178	7/8/21	Died	Rep. Steve Toth (R)	Requires the online posting of descriptions of all teaching materials. Expands prohibitions from social studies courses to all K-12 courses. Bans teachers from requiring course elements that "serve to inculcate" certain concepts. Bans employees of state agencies and school districts from teaching other employees about those concepts.	K-12, state agencies	None specified
263	Texas	HB 28	8/6/2021	Died	Rep. Steve Toth (R)	Requires the online posting of descriptions of all teaching materials. Expands prohibitions from social studies courses to all K-12 courses. Bans teachers from requiring course elements that "serve to inculcate" certain concepts. Bans employees of state agencies and school districts from teaching other employees about those concepts.	K-12, state agencies	None specified
264	Texas	HB 40	8/6/2021	Died	Rep. Steve Toth (R)	Bars state agencies from compelling, instructing, or inculcating in any individual certain ideas related to race or "revisionist history".	K-12	Professional discipline Private right of action
265	Texas	SB 3	8/9/2021	Signed into law by Governor Abbott 9/17/21 Note: This law replaced HB 3979.	Sen. Bryan Hughes (R)	Removes HB 3979's social studies curriculum materials. Creates civics training program for teachers and administrators. Mandates that parents receive login credentials to online instructional materials. Prohibits teachers from being "compelled to discuss a particular current event or widely debated and currently controversial issue of public policy or social affairs." If they do so, teachers must "strive to explore that topic from diverse and contending perspectives without giving deference to any one perspective." Bans requiring or awarding credit for a student's lobbying or policy advocacy. Bars schools and state agencies from making inculcation in certain concepts part of a course. Bans teaching, training, or instructing employees in those concepts. Bans schools and state agencies from requiring an understanding of the 1619 Project. Bans private funding for curriculum or professional development.	K-12, state agencies	None specified
266	Texas	HB 631	11/14/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Steve Toth (R)	Bars public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to "sexual orientation or gender identity" to students in K-5 grades or to students in grades 6-12 "in a manner that is not age-appropriate or developmentally appropriate" or that conflicts with state standards.	K-12	None specified
267	Texas	HB 1006	12/13/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Carl Tepper (R)	Requires public universities to develop a policy that prohibits "the endorsement or dissuasion of, or interference with, any lifestyle, race, sex, religion, or culture." The policy must also prohibit any office that funds, promotes, sponsors, or supports diversity, equity, or inclusion beyond what is necessary to uphold the 14th Amendment of the Constitution.	Colleges	Private right of action
268	Texas	HB 1033	12/19/2022	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Carl Tepper (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and universities from requiring, or contracting with any organization that requires, any person to receive or participate in a training, identify a commitment to, or make a statement of personal belief supporting any specific partisan, political, or ideological set of beliefs, including an ideology or movement that promotes the differential treatment of any individual or group based on race or ethnicity, including initiatives related to diversity, equity, and inclusion or that assert that an institution that upholds equal protection under the law is racist, oppressive, or unjust.	K-12, colleges	None specified
269	Texas	HB 1155	1/3/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Jared Patterson (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from including any instruction on sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-8, or thereafter in a manner that is not "age appropriate or developmentally appropriate."	K-12	None specified
270	Texas	SB 393	1/12/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Bob Hall (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity at any grade level. Requires schools to notify parents of any "information related to the student's perception of the student's biological sex if that perception is inconsistent with the student's biological sex as determined by the student's sex organs, chromosomes, and endogenous hormone profiles." Schools may not permit students to join or participate in any student club that "promotes themes of sexuality, gender, or gender identity" without parental approval.	K-12	None specified
271	Texas	HB 1541	1/23/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Steve Toth (R)	Prohoibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-8, or thereafter in a manner that is not age or developmentally appropriate.	Public K-12	Professional discipline
272	Texas	HB 1607	1/25/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Cody Harris (R)	Prohibits public colleges and universities from promoting certain ideas related to race, sex, and American history.	Public colleges	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support
273	Texas	HB 1804	1/30/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. Terri Leo-Wilson (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from adopting any instructional material that includes certain ideas related to race or sex. Instructional material must "present positive aspects of the United States and its heritage, if the instructional material discusses the United States or its heritage" and must not "encourage lifestyles that deviate from generally accepted standards of society."	Public K-12	None specified
274	Texas	SB 1443	3/2/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Bob Hall (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including in their libraries any material that contains "any type of romantic or sexual attraction between individuals of the same sex" or that includes a referral to "a website or material that contains a depiction or description" of a romantic or sexual attraction between individuals of the same sex.	Public K-12	None specified
275	Texas	HB 4252	3/8/2023	Pending, no further action expected in 2023.	Rep. James Talarico (D)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from requiring or making part of a course "teaching regarding white supremacist ideologies, including the great replacement theory, unless those ideologies are discussed in the appropriate historical and sociological context."	Public K-12	None specified
276	Texas	SB 16	3/10/2023	Pending, passed by Senate, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Bryan Hughes (R)	Prohibits public college and university faculty from compelling students to adopt or affirm certain beliefs related to race, sex, or ethnicity or social, political, or religious belief.	Public college	None specified
277	Texas	SB 8	3/10/2023	Pending, passed by Senate, no further action expected in 2023.	Sen. Charles Creighton (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from providing any "instruction, guidance, activities, or programming" regarding sexual orientation or gender identity to students in grades K-12.	Public K-12	None specified
278	Utah	SB 257	2/25/2022	Died	Sen. John Johnson (R)	Bans K-12 schools and colleges from promoting or compelling belief in or affirmation of certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, sex, religion, national origin, or political affiliation, nor to include in their instruction any curricular materials that promote such ideas. No outside money may be used to develop curricular material "relates to the promotion" of such ideas. Similar probitions apply to professional training for state employees.	K-12, colleges, state agencies, political subdivisions	Private right of action Professional discipline Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
279	Utah	HB 427	2/10/2023	Signed into law by Governor Cox 3/15/2023	Rep. Tim Jimenez (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from adopting any instruction or curricular materials that include certain ideas related to race, color, national origin, religion, disability, or sex.	Public K-12	None specified
280	Utah	HB 428	2/10/2023	Died	Rep. Tim Jimenez (R)	Prohibits employers, including public and private K-12 schools, colleges, and universities, from requiring as a condition of employment, credentialing, or passing an examination that individuals be subjected to any instruction or training that promotes or espouses certain ideas related to race, color, sex, or national origin.	Public and private K-12 and colleges, employers	None specified
281	Utah	HB 550	2/22/2023	Died	Rep. Jeffrey Stenquist (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to human sexuality, including sexual orientation or gender identity, in grades K-3.	K-12	None specified
282	Utah	HB 451	2/23/2023	Died	Rep. Katy Hall (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools, colleges, or universities from requiring, soliciting, or considering a statement related to diversity, equity, and inclusion, anti-racism, implicit bias, or critical race theory from an individual as a condition of graduation from the institution or an academic program.	Public K-12 and colleges	None specified
283	Utah	HB 441	3/3/2023	Died	Rep. Mark Strong (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and their employees from "encouraging a student to develop a prejudice on the basis of race, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, national origin, political beliefs, or religious doctrine," advocating for or promoting "constroversial issues," asserting a personal belief as fact, and presenting facts "in a biased manner."	Public K-12	None specified
284	Virginia	Amendment 99 to SB 7001	8/4/2021	Proposed amendment to budget bill, ruled out of order	Sen. Steve Newman (R)	Bars school districts from teaching, training, or promoting certain ideas about race, US history, or capitalism.	K-12	None specified
285	Virginia	HB 787 Passed by House in amended version that prohibits teachers from promoting or teaching as valid certain ideas.	1/11/2022	Died	Del. Dave LaRock (R)	Bars K-12 schools from instructing students or employees in certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12	None specified
286	Virginia	HB 1068/SB 570	1/12/2022	Died	Del. A.C. Cordoza; Sen. Jennifer Kiggans (R)	Bars K-12 schools from including in their curricula certain ideas related to race, sex, and religion.	K-12	None specified
287	Virginia	HB 1126	1/12/2022	Died	Del. John Avoli (R)	Bars K-12 schools from teaching or promoting to any student or employee certain ideas related to race, capitalism, and the United States.	K-12	None specified
288	Virginia	HB 781	1/12/2022	Died	Del. Wren Williams (R)	Bars K-12 schools from including in curricula or instructing students or employees to believe or affirm certain ideas related to race, religion, ethnicity, sex, or the United States. Schools are required to post instructional materials online for public review.	K-12	Professional discipline Monetary fine Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Criminal penalties
289	Virginia	HB 977	1/12/2022	Died	Del John McGuire (R)	Bars K-12 schools from teaching, training or promoting to students or employees certain ideas related to race, religion, capitalism, or the United States.	K-12	None specified
290	Virginia	Amendment to SB 29/HB 29	2/20/2022	Died	Gov. Glenn Youngkin	Bars K-12 schools from including in their curricula certain ideas related to race, skin color, ethnicity, sex or faith.	K-12	None specified
291	Washington	HB 1807	1/6/2022	Died	Rep. Jim Walsh (R)	Regulates how K-12 schools instruct students in civic courses. Teachers in such courses may not be compelled to include material derived from the 1619 Project, Ibram Kendi's "How to Be an Anti-Racist," or anything related to "Critical Race Theory". Those who choose to do so must be objective. Prohibits schools from requiring that employees participate in professional development or trainings that include certain ideas related to race, sex, and US history.	K-12	None specified
292	Washington	HB 1886	1/11/2022	Died	Rep. Bradley Klippert (R)	Bars K-12 schools from providing any instruction in certain ideas relating to race, sex, and the United States.	K-12	None specified
293	West Virginia	HB 2595	2/18/2021	Died	Del. Riley Keaton (R)	Prohibits contractors from inculcating employees in race or sex stereotyping or scapegoating. Bars use of divisive concepts in schools. Prohibits funding for state agencies promoting divisive concepts.	K-12, state agencies, state contractors	None specified
294	West Virginia	SB 618	3/10/2021	Died	Sen. Michael Azinger (R)	Prohibits public schools from teaching, instructing, or training students to believe certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12	Professional discipline
295	West Virginia	SB 182	1/12/2022	Died	Sen. Mike Azinger (R)	Bars K-12 schools from "teaching, instructing or training any student to believe" certain ideas related to race or sex.	K-12	Professional discipline
296	West Virginia	SB 45	1/12/2022	Died	Sen. Robert Karnes (R)	Bars K-12 schools, state agencies, and state contractors from using materials that promote certain ideas related to race or sex.	K-12, state agencies, state contractors	None specified
297	West Virginia	SB 498	1/28/2022	Died	Sen. Patricia Rucker (R)	Prohibits K-12 and public colleges from including or requiring of students the adoption or affirmation of certain concepts related to race, sex, or ethnicity.	K-12, colleges	Private right of action
298	West Virginia	HB 4011	2/1/2022	Died	Del. Chris Pritt (R)	Bars K-12 schools from promoting or endorsing any stereotypes based on "race, sex, ethnicity, religion, or national origin." Prohibits schools from compelling employees or teachers from to affirm or adopt certain ideas related to race, sex, ethnicity, religion, or national origin, nor contract or employ any individual who promotes these ideas unless the school makes clear that it does not officially endorse them.	K-12	None specified
299	West Virginia	HB 4016	2/1/2022	Died	Del. Dean Jeffries (R)	Bars public K-12 and charter schools from including in their curricula certain concepts related to race, sex, ethnicity, religion, or national origin. Prohibits schools from teaching that students should be required to recognize or address a person according to their preferred gender identity, where that identity does not correspond to their biological sex. Prohibits schools from including any instruction about "Marxism, Marxist-Leninism, Maoism, socialism, communism, or so-called critical political theory or critical economic theory," unless the teacher also describes the historical atrocities associated with these ideologies and the comparative superiority of capitalism. Bans the 1619 Project. Prohibits employee training that includes any of these ideas.	K-12, state agencies, political subdivisions	Loss of state accreditation Professional discipline
300	West Virginia	HB 2347	1/11/2023	Died	Del. Chris Pritt	Prohibits K-12 schools from compelling belief in, promoting, endorsing, or "embracing" certain concepts related to race, sex, ethnicity, religion, or national origin.	K-12	None specified
301	West Virginia	SB 130	1/11/2023	Died	Sen. Eric Tarr (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from compelling any teacher or student to adopt or affirm certain concepts related to race.	K-12	None specified
302	West Virginia	SB 33/HB 2423	1/11/2023	Died	Sen. Robert Karnes (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools and universities from promoting "race or sex stereotyping or scapegoating" or "divisive acts," [sic], which the bill defines by reference to certain ideas related to race or sex.	K-12, colleges	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
303	West Virginia	SB 93	1/11/2023	Died	Sen. Mike Azinger (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from "teaching, instructing or training" students to believe certain concepts related to race or sex.	K-12	Professional discipline
304	West Virginia	SB 252	1/17/2023	Died	Sen. Mike Azinger (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from including in their library or exposing to minors any "obscene matter," defined as including "any transvestite and/or transgender exposure, performances or display." Obscene matter is prohibited within 2,500 feet of a public school or public school library.	K-12, any location within 2,500 feet of a public K-12 school.	Monetary fine/loss of state financial support Private right of action Criminal penalties
305	West Virginia	HB 2940	1/24/2023	Died	Del. Darren Thorne (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from promoting or endorsing certain ideas related to "character traits ascribed to a particular race, sex, ethnicity, religion, or national origin, or to an individual because of his or her race, sex, ethnicity, religion, or national origin." Employees and students may not be compelled to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to these categories.	Public K-12
306	Wisconsin	SB 409/AB 413	6/10/2021	Vetoed by Governor Evers 4/15/2022	Sens. André Jacque, Stephen Nass (R)	Prohibits public universities and colleges from teaching race or sex stereotyping. Requires course syllabi to be posted on institution's website. Bans requiring employees to attend trainings promoting race or sex stereotyping.	colleges	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
307	Wisconsin	SB 410/AB 414	6/10/2021	Died	Sens. André Jacque, Stephen Nass, Van Wanggaard (R)	Prohibits agencies or political subdivisions from requiring an employee training that "teaches, advocates, acts upon, or promotes race or sex stereotyping." Requires training materials to be posted online.	state agencies	Private right of action Professional discipline Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
308	Wisconsin	SB 411/AB 411	6/10/2021	Vetoed by Governor Evers 2/4/2022	Sens. André Jacque, Alberta Darling, Stephen Nass (R)	Prohibits teachers from teaching race or sex stereotyping concepts. Bans mandatory employee training on such concepts. Requires curricula be posted online.	K-12	Private right of action Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
309	Wyoming	HB 97	2/11/2022	Died	Rep. Chuck Gray (R)	Bars public K-12 schools, state agencies, and political subdivisions from presenting any instruction or training that contains certain ideas related to race, ethnicity, sex, color or national origin.	K-12, state agencies, political subdivisions	Professional discipline Private right of action
310	Wyoming	SB 103	2/15/2022	Died	Rep. Bill Fortner (R)	Bars public K-12 and colleges from offering instruction in "American institutions and ideals" that includes "critical race theory" or "critical theory", which are described as social philosophies that inflame tensions on the basis of race, sex, and other charateristics.	K-12, college	None specified
311	Wyoming	SB 1, passed by Senate with an amendment constituting an Educational Gag Order, but later stripped out in Joint Committee	2/25/2022	Died as EGO due to removal of amendment, but still under consideration in legislature. This bill is not counted by PEN America as a live EGO.	Sen. Cheri Steinmetz (R)	Prohibits the University of Wyoming from expending any state appropriations on gender studies programs.	University of Wyoming	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support
312	Wyoming	SF 117	1/16/2023	Died, passed by House and Senate	Sen. Dan Dockstader (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from offering any classroom instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-3, or thereafter in a manner that is not age appropriate or developmentally appropriate.	K-12	Private right of action
313	Wyoming	SF 130	1/18/2023	Died	Sen. Lynn Hutchings (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction or providing any supplemental materials that are inconsistent with certain "principles of individual freedom," including certain ideas related to race, sex, ancestry, religion, disability, and socio-economic status.	K-12	None specified
314	Wyoming	HB 205	1/24/2023	Died	Rep. John Bear (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including in curricula or providing any information on certain ideas related to sex, race, ethnicity, religion, color or national origin. Prohibits public agencies from providing similar instruction to employees.	Public K-12, state agencies	Professional discipline Private right of action

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7	State	Bill Number with hyperlink to legislative page/draft	Date Introduced	Status as of November 1, 2023	Primary Sponsor	Description* *This is a summary of notable provisions. For detailed analysis of bills, see our report and monthly round-ups.	Explicitly Targets	Enforcement/Penalties* *Penalties do not necessarily apply to every provision of the law.	State Guidance

8	Arizona	Amendment to SB 1532 (added in modified form to the budget bill HB 2898)	2/1/2021	SB 1532 died, but modified version passed as part of HB 2898 and signed into law by Governor Ducey 6/30/21. Note: Subsequently struck down by the Arizona Supreme Court.	Rep. Michelle Udall (R)	Bans "instruction that presents any form of blame or judgment on the basis of race, ethnicity or sex." Mandates discipline of teachers who violate these provisions. Allows for suits by attorney general or county attorney against entities in violation.	K-12	Civil suit by state AG	None available
9	Arizona	HB 2906/SB 1840	6/10/2021	Signed into law by Governor Ducey 7/9/21	Sen. David Livingston (R)	Bans "training, orientation or therapy that presents any form of blame or judgment on the basis of race, ethnicity or sex."	state agencies, political subdivisions	None specified	None available
10	Arkansas	SB 294	2/20/2023	Signed by Gov. Huckabee on 3/8/2023	Sen. Breanne Davis (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from promoting ideologies that conflict with the principle of equal protection under the law or that encourage discrimination, such as Critical Race Theory. Schools may not provide classroom instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity in grades K-4.	Public K-12	None specified	None available
11	Arkansas	SB 627	4/1/2021	Became law without governor's signature 5/3/21	Sen. Trent Garner (R)	Bans state entities (excluding public schools, charter schools, universities, political subdivisions, and law enforcement) from teaching or training of divisive concepts. Bars punishment of state employees for refusing to support such concepts.	state agencies	Ineligible for state contracts	None available
12	Florida	HB 1069	2/22/2023	Signed into law by Governor DeSantis 5/18/2023	Rep. Stan McClain (R)	All "materials" used by public K-12 schools to teach reproductive health, which may only take place in grades 6-12, must be approved by the Department of Education. This instruction must exclusively teach that sex is biological, stable, and determined at birth. School employees may not provide their own personal pronouns where such pronouns do not correspond to their biological sex at birth, nor may they be required to apply such pronouns to anyone else. Classroom instruction related to sexual orientation or gender identity may not take place in grades pre-K-8, except for the purposes of teaching the merits of sexual abstinence. Instruction may occur in grades 9-12, but only if age- and developmentally appropriate. No material, including those in classroom libraries, may contain or depict "sexual conduct." Any materials to which an individual has filed an official objection must be immediately removed from student access pending the outcome of an investigation. Schools must submit to the Department of Education a list of what materials receive objections, the reasons, and the outcome of the investigation.	Public K-12	None specified	None available
13	Florida	HB 1557/SB 1834	1/11/2022	Signed into law by Governor DeSantis 3/28/2022	Rep. Joe Harding (R)	Bars public schools from offering any instruction related to "sexual orientation or gender identity" to students in K-3 grades or to students in grades 4-12 "in a manner that is not age-appropriate or developmentally appropriate" or that conflicts with state standards.	K-12	Private right of action	Criteria for Selection and Maintanence of Library Materials and Reading Lists 6A-10.081 Principles of Professional Conduct for the Education Profession in Florida
14	Florida	HB7/SB 148	1/11/2022	Signed into law by Governor DeSantis 4/22/2022	Sen. Manny Diaz (R), Rep. Bryan Avila (R)	Bars K-12 schools and public colleges from subjecting students or employees to any training or instruction that "espouses, promotes, advances, inculcates, or compels" belief in certain ideas about race, sex, color, or national origin. Classroom instruction related to past racial injustice may not "indoctrinate or persuade" students to believe these ideas. Employers may not require, as a condition of "certification, licensing, credentialing, or passing an examination," that individual be subjected to instruction that "espouses, promotes, advances, inculcates, or compels" individuals to believe in certain ideas about race, sex, color, or national origin.	K-12, employers, colleges	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support Professional discipline	Florida State University System Board of Governors University of Florida Northwest Florida State College University of North Florida North Florida College Criteria for Selection and Maintanence of Library Materials and Reading Lists
15	Florida	SB 266/HB 999	2/21/2023	Signed into law by Governor DeSantis 5/15/2023	Rep. Alex Andrade (R); Senate Fiscal Policy Committee	Public colleges and universities are prohibited from expending any state or federal funds on any program or campus activity that violates the Stop W.O.K.E. Act (HB 7), that advocates for diversity, equity, and inclusion, or that promotes or engages in political or social activism. Governing boards are required to review their institutions for violations of the Stop W.O.K.E. Act, as well as for programs that are "based on theories that systemic racism, sexism, oppression, or privilege are inherent in the institutions of the United States and were created to maintain social, political, or economic inequities." General education courses may not “distort significant historical events,” teach “identity politics,” violate the Stop W.O.K.E. Act, or be “based on theories that systemic racism, sexism, oppression, and privilege are inherent in the institutions of the United States and were created to maintain social, political, and economic inequities.”	Public colleges	Professional discipline Monetary fine/loss of state financial support	None available
16	Georgia	HB 1084	1/27/2022	Signed by Governor Kemp 4/28/2022	Rep. Will Wade (R)	Bars K-12 schools from promoting certain concepts related to race or US history.	K-12	Loss of institutional autonomy Professional discipline	Board of Education
17	Idaho	HB 377	4/21/2021	Signed into law by Governor Little 4/28/21	Rep. Wendy Horman (R)	Bans public schools and institutions of higher education from “direct[ing] or otherwise compel[ing] students to personally affirm, adopt, or adhere” to the outlined "critical race theory" tenets. Bars funding for such prohibited acts.	K-12, colleges	None specified	None available
18	Indiana	HB 1608	1/19/2023	Signed into law by Governor Holcomb 5/4/2023	Rep. Michelle Davis (R)	Prohibits public and private K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to "human sexuality" in grades pre-K to 3.	Public and private K-12	None specified	None available
19	Iowa	HF 802	3/8/2021	Signed into law by Governor Reynolds 6/8/21	Committee on Judiciary	Requires that any mandatory staff training “does not teach, advocate, act upon, or promote” specific defined concepts. Prohibits “specific defined concepts” from being included in public school curriculum.	K-12, colleges, state agencies	Via 261H.5 here - Professional discipline - Civil suit	• K-12 Guidance • Community College Guidance • University of Iowa • Iowa State University • University of Northern Iowa
20	Iowa	SF 496	2/21/2023	Signed into law by Gov. Reynolds 5/26/2023	Senate Education Committee	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction, materials, announcements, or promotions of any kind related to gender identity or sexual activity in grades K-6.	Public K-12	Monetary penalty/loss of state financial support	None available
21	Kentucky	SB 1	3/23/2022 Note: this date marks when SB 1, which up till then had been an unrelated education bill, was substantially amended to become an Educational Gag Order.	Governor Beshear's veto overridden by legislature 4/14/2022	Sen. George Wise (R) Note: Sen. Wise is the primary author of the EGO provision, but not the primary sponsor of SB1.	Requires public K-12 and charter schools to make their instruction and instructional materials "consistent" with certain ideas related to race, sex, and American history and culture. All instruction on "current, controversial topics" must be "relevant, objective, nondiscriminatory, and respectful to the differing perspectives of students." Students may not be required or incentivized to advocate on behalf of a position that differs from that of their own position or that of their parent or guardian.	K-12	None specified	Guidance
22	Kentucky	SB 150	2/8/2023	Vetoed by Gov. Andy Beshear, overridden 3/29/2023	Sen. George Wise (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including any instruction or presentation that "has as a goal or purpose or students studying or exploring gender identity, gender expression, or sexual orientation" at any grade level.	Public K-12	None specified
23	Mississippi	SB 2113	1/12/2022	Signed into law by Governor Reeves 3/14/2022	Rep. Michael McLendon (R)	Bars public K-12 schools and colleges from compelling students to affirm or adopt certain ideas related to race, sex, or other characteristics, nor make "a distinction or classification of students based on account of race".	K-12, colleges	None specified	None available
24	New Hampshire	HB 544 (modified version added to budget bill HB 2 under section "Right to Freedom from Discrimination in Public Workplaces and Education")	4/8/2021	Added to budget bill HB 2 as amendment. HB 2 was signed into law by Governor Sununu 6/25/21	Reps. Keith Ammon, Glenn Cordelli, Jason Osborne (R)	Prohibits public employer or contractors from "teach[ing], advocat[ing], instruct[ing], or train[ing] any employee, student, service recipient, contractor, staff member, inmate, or any other individual or group" in certain concepts. Prohibits government programs from "teach[ing], advocat[ing], or advanc[ing]" certain concepts. Protects public employees from punishment for refusing to participate in training on certain concepts. Bars public school students from being "taught, instructed, inculcated or compelled to express belief in, or support for" certain concepts.	K-12, public colleges, state institutions, state contractors	Private right of action Professional discipline	Guidance
25	North Carolina	SB 49	2/7/2023	Vetoed by Gov. Cooper, overridden 8/16/2023	Sen. Amy Galey (R)	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction related to gender identity, sexual activity, or sexuality in grades K-4.	Public K-12	Private right of action
26	North Dakota	HB 1508	11/8/2021	Signed into law by Governor Burgum 11/12/2021	Rep. Jim Kasper, Ben Koppelman, Lisa Meier, Karen Rohr, Dan Ruby (R), Sens. Janne Myrdal, Terry Wanzek (R)	Requires that all instruction in public K-12 schools be "factual" and "objective". Prohibits the inclusion of any instruction related to critical race theory, defined as "the theory that racism is not merely the product of learned individual bias or prejudice, but that racism is systemically embedded in American society and the American legal system to facilitate racial inequality."	K-12	None specified	Section 67-32-01-01 - Adoption of local policy for curriculum review
27	North Dakota	SB 2247	1/13/2023	Signed by Governor Burgum 4/24/2023	Sen. Bob Paulson (R)	Prohibits public colleges and universities from compelling students or employees to endorse or oppose certain concepts related to race, sex, religion, creed, nonviolent political affiliation, social class, or class of people. Colleges may not ask any student or faculty member about their ideological or political viewpoint.	Public colleges	None specified	None available
28	Oklahoma	HB 1775	2/1/2021	Signed into law by Governor Stitt 5/7/21	Rep. Kevin West, Sen. David Bullard (R)	Bans "mandatory gender or sexual diversity training or counseling" for students or "orientation or requirement that presents any form of race or sex stereotyping or a bias on the basis of race or sex" in higher education. Prohibits schools from using specified concepts in courses.	K-12, colleges	Via state guidances - Professional discipline	K-12 Guidance K-12 Guidance (emergency)
29	South Carolina	H 4100 (part of state budget under "Partisanship Curriculum")	3/16/2021	Signed into law by Governor McMaster 6/25/21, expired in June 2022.	House Ways and Means Committee	Mandates that funds shall not be used by public schools "to provide instruction in, to teach, instruct, or train any administrator, teacher, staff member, or employee to adopt or believe, or to approve for use, make use of, or carry out standards, curricula, lesson plans, textbooks, instructional materials, or instructional practices that serve to inculcate" certain concepts.	K-12	None specified	None available
30	South Carolina	HB 4300 (Part 1B, Sec. 1.82)	4/19/2023	Signed into law by Gov. McMaster 6/20/2023	House Ways and Means Committee	Prohibits public K-12 schools from using any state funds to provide instruction on certain concepts related to race or sex.	Public K-12	None specified
31	South Carolina	HB 5150 (Part 1B, Sec. 1.93)	3/8/2022	Signed into law by Governor McMaster 6/22/2022, expired in June 2023.	House Ways and Means Committee	Prohibits public K-12 school districts from spending any funds allocated by the Department of Education to instruct or train any student or employee to adopt or believe certain ideas related to race or sex. Schools may not use such funds to make use of any curricula, lesson plans, textbooks, or instructional materials that "serve to inculcate" those ideas.	Public K-12	None specified	None available
32	South Dakota	HB 1012	1/11/2022	Signed into law by Governor Noem 3/21/2022	Gov. Kristi Noem (R)	Bans public colleges from compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, sex, and other characteristics, nor require students or employees to attend any training or orientation that teaches these ideas.	Colleges	None specified	None available
33	Tennessee	HB2670/SB 2290	2/1/2022	Signed into law by Governor Lee 4/8/2022	Sen. Mike Bell (R), Rep. Cameron Sexton (R)	Bans public colleges and universities from including certain ideas related to race and sex in any "seminars, workshops, trainings, and orientations." Campus diversity initiatives must include the promotion of intellectual diversity.	Colleges	Private right of action	None available
34	Tennessee	SB 623	2/5/2021	Signed into law by Governor Lee 5/25/21	Rep. John Ragan (R)	Bans public schools from including or promoting certain concepts in curriculum. Allows the "impartial discussion of controversial aspects of history." Mandates the withholding of at least a portion of state funds for schools not in compliance.	K-12	Monetary penalty/Loss of state financial support	Guidance
35	Texas	HB 3979	3/11/2021	Signed into law by Governor Abbott 6/15/21 Note: This law was replaced by SB 3.	Rep. Steve Toth (R)	Bars teachers from being "compelled to discuss a particular current event or widely debated and currently controversial issue." Teachers who do so should "strive to explore the topic from diverse and contending perspectives without giving deference to any one perspective." Bars schools from requiring or giving course credit for a student's political activism, lobbying, or public policy advocacy. Bars state agency and school employees from being "required to engage in training, orientation, or therapy that presents any form of race or sex stereotyping." Bars requiring an understanding of the 1619 Project. Bans schools from requiring or making part of a course certain concepts. Bans agencies and schools from accepting private funding for developing prohibited curriculum.	K-12, state agencies	None specified	None available
36	Texas	SB 3	8/9/2021	Signed into law by Governor Abbott 9/17/21 Note: This law replaced HB 3979.	Sen. Bryan Hughes (R)	Removes HB 3979's social studies curriculum materials. Creates civics training program for teachers and administrators. Mandates that parents receive login credentials to online instructional materials. Prohibits teachers from being "compelled to discuss a particular current event or widely debated and currently controversial issue of public policy or social affairs." If they do so, teachers must "strive to explore that topic from diverse and contending perspectives without giving deference to any one perspective." Bans requiring or awarding credit for a student's lobbying or policy advocacy. Bars schools and state agencies from making inculcation in certain concepts part of a course. Bans teaching, training, or instructing employees in those concepts. Bans schools and state agencies from requiring an understanding of the 1619 Project. Bans private funding for curriculum or professional development.	K-12, state agencies	None specified	Guidance
37	Utah	HB 427	2/10/2023	Signed into law by Governor Cox 3/15/2023	Rep. Tim Jimenez (R)	Prohibits K-12 schools from adopting any instruction or curricular materials that include certain ideas related to race, color, national origin, religion, disability, or sex.	Public K-12	None specified	None available

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1	PEN America is no longer updating this version of the index. Please use this link to view the current Index of Educational Gag Orders.
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7	State	Policy/EO Title	Date Issued	Status as of November 1, 2023	Description* *This is a summary of notable provisions. For detailed analysis of policies or executive orders, see our report and monthly round-ups.

8	Alabama	State Board of Education Intellectual Freedom Resolution & Administrative Rule	8/12/2021	Active	Prohibits public K-12 schools from offering any instruction that "indoctrinates students in social or political ideologies or theories that promote one race or sex above another."
9	Arkansas	Executive Order to Prohibit Indoctrination and Critical Race Theory in Schools	1/10/2023	Active	Prohibits public K-12 schools or guest speakers from compelling a person to adopt or affirm an idea in violation of Title IV or Title VI of the CRA, or other concepts related to color, creed, race, ethnicity, sex, age, marital status, familial status, disability, religion, national origin, or any other characteristic protected by federal or state law. Prohibits any rule, policy, or material that conflicts with "the principle of equal protection under the law."
10	California	California Code of Regulations, Title 5	5/23/2023	Active	Requires faculty at public community colleges to "employ teaching, learning, and professional practices that reflect DEIA and anti-racist principles" and instructs community colleges to consider faculty performance in these areas for purposes of employment, tenure, and promotion.
11	Florida	Required Instruction Planning and Reporting	6/10/2021	Active	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including any instructional materials or theories that "distort historical events and are inconsistent with State Board approved standards," including "Critical Race Theory, meaning the theory that racism is not merely the product of prejudice, but that racism is embedded in American society and its legal systems in order to uphold the supremacy of white persons." Prohibits use of the 1619 Project.
12	Florida	Florida College System Presidents Statement on Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Critical Race Theory	1/18/2023	Active	Prohibits public colleges from adopting "any institutional practice, policy, or academic requirement that compels belief in critical race theory or related concepts such as intersectionality, or the idea that systems of oppression should be the primary lens through which teaching and learning are analyzed and/or improved upon." Colleges are also prohibited from offering any instruction that presents critical race theory unless they do so "as one of several theories and in an objective manner."
13	Florida	6A-10.081 Principles of Professional Conduct for the Education Profession in Florida	4/19/2023	Active	Prohibits public K-12 schools from providing classroom instruction related to sexual orientation and gender identity in grades 4-12 unless such instruction is required by state standards or part of a part of a health course/lesson.
14	Montana	Attorney General Opinion	5/27/2021	Active	Finds that certain educational practices associated with "Critical Race Theory" and "Antiracism" violate the Civil Rights Act and are subject to prosecution.
15	South Dakota	Executive Order 2022-2	4/5/2022	Active	Prohibits public K-12 schools from promoting or endorsing certain ideas related to race, color, religion, sex, ethnicity, or national origin.
16	Utah	R277-328. Educational Equity in Schools	6/3/2021	Active	Prohibits public K-12 schools from including in curricula any material that "promotes or endorses" certain ideas related to sex, race, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity or membership in any other protected class.
17	Virginia	Executive Order #1	1/15/2022	Active	Prohibits public K-12 schools from directing or compelling students to adopt or affirm certain ideas related to race, skin color, ethnicity, sex, or faith.