page or paragraph number

No real evidence that subliminal advertising exists, and even less evidence that the messages affect behavior.

argue 1, argue 2, argue 3, argue 4, argue 5

check this paragraph to see why Key sucks

argue 1, argue 2, argue 3, argue 4, argue 5, conclusion?

"Subliminal Myth: How a Generation Was Fooled" 12

One of the saddest mistakes we can make is to assume that the mass media have some irresistible power over our minds. For a start, most people think advertising probably has more effect on other people than it does on them, because other people are more gullible than they are. But the real point is that messages are not written on our brains as if we are blank slates. We make our own sense of things that are said to us, by testing them against what we already know. The power of advertising, insofar as it exists at all, lies in its power to reinforce what we are already thinking and feeling. It's not what the message does to the audience, but what the audience does with the message, that determines whether advertising will work or not."

basically all my points summed together

argue 1, argue 2, extra/backgound

"Subliminal Myth: How a Generation Was Fooled" 12

"There have been many unsuccessful attempts to replicate Mr Vicary's alleged experiment - including an embarrassing failure by Mr Vicary himself to reproduce his own results. The United States' Federal Communications Commission and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation both tried to test the efficacy of subliminally transmitted messages, and both failed to find any discernible effect."

cannot make subliminal advertising effective

"Others argue that advertising is a form of communication protected by free-speech laws and that consumers can weigh advertising claims and make decisions for themselves."

"But if whatever you're pitching fails to resonate with viewers, the soft-sell nature of behavior placement simply means it's even less effective than more explicit forms of unwanted advertising."

this is a great quote to substantiate my claim. kinda as a sum up after a quote that explains my claim.

"As practiced by NBC, behavior placement seems less about changing viewer habits than flattering those viewers who already engage in the preferred behavior...'This is a network that gets it,' such viewers might say... 'This is a network that reflects my upscale, demographically desirable values and knows how to attract the exact kinds of advertisers I find most relevant and compelling!' Far from deceptive or manipulative, behavior placement is a sign that today's consumers are more empowered than ever."

"Quite apart from the questions of whether or not there are realiy subliminal embeds in ads or whether they are effective, it is important to know what the general public believes to be the case. This is because people do not act on reality; rather, they act upon their own perceptions of reality."

Symbolic interaction theory of sociology

argue 2, argue 3, counter 3

If you show someone something they are interested in at the moment they are interested, they are far more likely to absorb in this information.

"While inconclusive, the research seems to indicate that subliminal messages "affect some people under some circumstances, some of the time," he said."

"Our physiological needs influence what we do and do not perceive. What soldier
stationed on an isolated base has not
found the women becoming prettier with
each passing day?"

argue 2, counter 3, argue 4, argue 5

"Stimuli that are pleasant, highly valued,
and consistent with one's expectations
will be perceived more quickly and correctly
than those that are unpleasant,
threatening, low in social approval, or
not consistent with expectations. Politicians
we like or generally agree with
sound better to us than do those with
whom we disagree or dislike."

argue 2, counter 4, counter 5

Advertisers try to give the public the kind of images people like and produce results.

"Some critics fear that the constant stream of advertising that bombards consumers every day may misinform them or encourage them to live beyond their means. It may also create false or unrealistic ideas about the way people should look and act."

"THE ABUNDANT RESEARCH on priming has shown that the effects are the same whether or not the stimulus that activates a mental concept is subliminal. It does not matter if we are aware of the presence of the stimulus; what matters is whether we are aware that it may have influenced us."

"In 1965 the government passed the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act, which requires cigarette manufacturers to print health warnings on all packages. This law does not prohibit cigarette advertising or promotion, as long as the packages contain labels."

"SOMETIMES, subliminal messages are not perceived at all, in which case they have no priming effect. Just because a stimulus is not consciously perceived does not mean that it was, in fact, subliminally perceived. Subliminal effects can be demonstrated in a laboratory in which a subject's attention is carefully focused and no distractions exist, but the busy, noisy world outside of that laboratory is a very different story."

"When something influences us, we often are aware of what has happened; as a result, many of us have an exaggerated faith in our ability not to be influenced in ways we don't desire."

not sure which side this supports

"Even when we are aware that we may have been influenced by some message, we are not very good at correcting for the influence. How often do we decide not to buy something from a certain company, because we realize that the company's ads included an irrelevant emotional appeal? Probably not very often."

again, not sure how to take this

"Pharmaceutical companies make the same claim for ads that promote prescription drugs directly to consumers. Many of their ads praise the benefits of a particular drug and confine any discussion of negative aspects to fine print."

"However, in order for the forces of supply and demand to work, consumers must be aware of the goods and services that are available. This is the function of advertising. By letting the public know about the benefits of products that businesses want to sell, advertising helps increase demand. It can also help consumers make informed choices."

not brainwashing because the customer gets the final decision

"The more elaborate the form of a stimulus,
in terms of shape, size, form, color,
and organization, the more difficult it is
to perceive it accurately and speedily.
Most of us can react to a simple arithmetic
statement like 2X2 ."

Some ordinary ads might affect viewers in emotional ways without being aware of this, causing minimal effects.

conclusion?, extra/background

"'Subliminal' is not a new word. It
does not stem from nor is it directly related
to the concepts of unconsciousness
And subliminal advertising is not the
technique that will revolutionize the
principles and methods of the mass
communication industry."

good conclusion!! ESPECIALLY THE LAST LINE. make a note that not only is it ineffective, but it is not worth the time being spent on it or the fear that it is producing. EMPHASIS on conclusion

"In 2003, one of the world's leading medical journals published a study that says, "Smoking in movies is responsible for addicting 1,070 American adolescents to tobacco every day, 340 of whom will die prematurely as a result" (The Lancet). This addictive habit is a result subliminal ads. Kids and teens see their favorite stars smoke and, of course, think it is cool."

this basically says that subliminal adds promoting negative things are very common and effect many.

Shows like "King of the Hill" and "The Simpsons" include subliminal ads directed at children to affect their minds.

just an example of how common things can be

"Mr. Key stands by his contention that advertisers practice "media rape" and covertly use subliminal communication. 'There is no way in the world they could conceivably admit to this,' Mr. Key said. 'They have to deny it, but it's proliferated and become much more sophisticated.'"

counter 1, argue 2, counter 3, argue 5

"While even those who evangelize the technique tend to characterize it as a subtle, almost subliminal phenomenon that can influence consumers during unguarded moments, in fact the exact opposite is true. Millions of women didn't adopt Rachel Green's hairstyle because they barely noticed it. The power of product and behavior placement lies in reaching people when they're most conscious and most discerning, because they're paying close attention to the programs they love."

continuation of the other para 11.

counter 1, argue 2, counter 4, counter 5, extra/background

Child psychologists are helping advertisers target children as consumers. Children do not have the brain development, reasoning, and maturity to understand their wants and needs and delineate commercials and advertising.

this is negative but also helps support that you need an inner want.

"According to a New Fork Times article published in 1938, Gable's fashion preferences represented only part of the movie's unanticipated influence: Its romantic depiction of bus travel allegedly boosted that form of transportation by 42 percent in the years following its release."

Many companies wanted to increase sales so they contact agencies and media locations to buy their influence. This could include having the show include recycling and other green habits that could influence the viewer's decisions unconsciously.

counter 1, counter 2, counter 3, counter 4, counter 5

"Respondents believe that subliminal advertising is widely and frequently used and that it is successful in selling products. They also tend to believe it is an unacceptable, unethical and harmful advertising technique. Many respondents state these beliefs would affect their buying behavior if they thought a particular advertiser were using subliminal techniques."

counter 1, counter 2, counter 3, counter 4, counter 5, extra/background

"When asked about death themes in the ads, Key responded that 'if consciously perceived, you would probably run to the nearest [Alcoholics Anonymous]," but proprietary studies have shown the ads to "work more often than they fail.'"

counter 1, counter 2, counter 4

There are advertisers who target groups, like minorities, in attempt to persuade them to be a consumer to their product. Criticism is that they think the minorities are less intelligent and less able to make intelligent decisions compared to the rest of the population. Target advertising will remain powerful and widely used in society.

Recently, there is such a thing as "product placement," in which advertisers pay to have their products appear in television shows and movies.

"The Times also pointed out that many psychologists treat Key's research in subliminal suggestion as a gimmick which cannot be disproved. Key dismissed this criticism, saying that the attitude of some psychologists is that 'people will see anything they want to see in just about anything.'"

counter 2, argue 3, argue 5

"Critics maintain that some ads downplay the hazards of drugs and may cause patients to demand unnecessary or inappropriate treatments."

"Subliminal Study Shows Brain Impact" 11

"Subliminal advertising does affect the brain, but may not influence what we buy."

"Subliminal Study Shows Brain Impact" 11

Scientists at University College London have found the first physiological evidence that invisible subliminal images do attract the
brain's attention on a subconscious level. The findings challenge previous scientific assumptions that consciousness and attention go hand-in-hand. ``What's interesting here is your brain does log things you aren't even aware of and can't ever become aware of,'' UCL's Bahador Bahrami said.

There is evidence that there are effects, but they do not cause change to the viewer.

"Subliminal Study Shows Brain Impact" 11

``I believe that it's likely that subliminal advertising may affect
our decisions but that is just speculation at this point,'' he
said."

counter 4, counter 5, extra/background

"Subliminal Myth: How a Generation Was Fooled" 12

"Freud's theory of the unconscious has given us a framework for believing that messages could just possibly worm their way into our minds by sneaking under our defences, thereby exploiting us not only without our knowledge, but even possibly against our will. If such a thing became technically feasible, who knows where it could end?"

"Sellers of products or services use advertising to spread information about what they are selling and to make people want to buy their wares. Together, advertising and marketing—the business of identifying the consumers' preferred choices—form a large industry."

definition of advertising and marketing

advertising and marketing people study buying habits, write slogans, design logos, and produce millions of ads all over the world and media.

what advertisers and marketers do

The Federal Trade Commission regulates advertising. They focus on the honesty of advertising. The truth in ads often leads to conflict between media critics, citizens, and advertisers. The FTC, the courts, and the Congress has had to take legal action in the past.

"Subliminal ads are those that contain hidden images or messages intended to influence consumers without their conscious awareness."

Advertisers spend several billion dollars, aiming at children as consumers.

"The relevant psychological principle involved in these messages is priming. Whatever we dry--walk down the street, watch television, or talk to another person--the objects, people, sights, sounds, and smells we experience trigger various concepts in our minds. We have no control over this priming, which happens naturally and instantaneously. Priming serves the important function of keeping us in touch with our surroundings by calling up a rich base of information derived from past experience, which is stored in our memories. Once something that we perceive has activated a mental concept, the concept stays active for a while. During this period, it can affect our thoughts and decisions, even if they are entirely unrelated to whatever activated the concept in the first place."

TYPES OF SUBLIMINAL ADVERTISING

-flashing a message so quickly it does not reach conscious awareness
-playing audio on a subliminal level
-placing hidden words or images inside larger words and images

good background to include

"Subliminal stimuli,
if defined as messages or forces that can
reach into one's unconscious mind to
influence his behavior, understandably
become even more fear provoking."

definition of what subliminal advertising is.

"Most dictionaries of psychology define
subliminal stimuli as "those which are
not sufficiently potent to elicit a response."
Webster defines subliminal as:
'Below the threshold of consciousness;
subconscious; also, too small or ^veak to
be perceived, felt, etc'....
Unfortunately the above definitions
are not adequate by themselves. We need
to look closely at the words "threshold"
and "subconscious" in order to avoid
making assumptions that will not hold
up under critical evaluation."

more definitions and stuff that is good background

intro?, argue 1, argue 2, argue 3, argue 4, argue 5, conclusion?, extra/background

"In fact, if the messages do have the desired effect--whether to increase sales of shoes or to influence people's voting behavior--it's not because they are subliminal."

intro?, argue 1, argue 2, argue 3, argue 4, argue 5, conclusion?, extra/background

"Of course, we should not lose sight of the fact that withholding information has just as much, if not more, effect on our choices and behavior than inserting into our minds. If governments and corporations use secrecy to prevent us from having information that would have caused us to behave differently if we had known about it, we have been manipulated just as much as if we'd been influenced subliminally. The manipulation of people through controlling their access to information is such a regular occurrence that we rarely think about it. However, this is a far more powerful form of control than anything researchers have yet seen with the subliminal messages that so alarm us."

good for about anything but more with transitions and conclusion

intro?, argue 1, argue 2, argue 3, argue 4, argue 5, extra/background

"'There is no such thing" as subliminal advertising,' Mr. O'Toole said. 'In 36 years in advertising, I've never heard the issue seriously discussed.'

Jack Haberstroh, an associate professor at Virginia Commonwealth University, said he had talked to art directors and executives who worked on campaigns mentioned by Mr. Key and found no evidence of its existence.

And John Philip Jones, an advertising professor at Syracuse University, called subliminal advertising 'a widely believed myth.'"

All the quotes from people in this source that do not believe in subliminal advertising and its effectiveness.

intro?, argue 1, counter 1, argue 2, counter 2, argue 3, counter 3, argue 4, counter 4, argue 5, counter 5, conclusion?, extra/background

Moore, "Subliminal Perception: Facts and Fallacies" 9

look at this source if you are struggling for arguments and information. includes "facts and fallacies." also some info on advertising and subliminal messages in general

1/2 sources I did not look through all the way. here for reflection

intro?, argue 1, counter 1, argue 2, counter 2, argue 3, counter 3, argue 4, counter 4, argue 5, counter 5, conclusion?, extra/background

Moore, "Subliminal Advertising: What You See is What You Get" 8

look at this source for reflection and if you need more information. probably just more research and info I already have in simpler terms. like his other writing better I think. I think this source is more in detail than I need to get into

1/2 sources I did not look all the way through. here if I need more information and good for reflection. ironically both sources I did not look all the way through are from the same author. that's a sign I am making the right decision

intro?, argue 1, counter 1, argue 2, counter 2, argue 3, counter 3, argue 4, counter 4, argue 5, counter 5, conclusion?, extra/background

GREAT to reflect on for easy to use. includes:

-the term
-the unconscious
-Dr. Key
-the media
-self-help

did not go all the way through it. when you come across these topics tho, go to this source and look through to see if you want to add anything. not necessary to make notecards, cuz I think I could make on about everything in this source because it is so straight to the point and summarized, which is what I need. lol.

intro?, argue 1, counter 1, argue 2, counter 2, argue 3, counter 3, argue 4, counter 4, argue 5, counter 5, conclusion?, extra/background

i am not going to copy everything, but check back to this section of text to get info on thresholds. might help with my arguments.

JUST CHECK IT WHEN YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING

intro?, argue 1, counter 1, argue 4, conclusion?, extra/background

"Fears about the ability of subliminal
stimulation to influence behavior markedly
are grossly exaggerated. Advertisers
have been using a form of subliminal advertising
for many years."

might be more in that paragraph if you need examples

intro?, argue 2, conclusion?, extra/background

"The manner in which we perceive, as
well as what we do and do not perceive
in the world around us, is strongly influenced
not only by what we are exposed
to, but also by our experiences, interests,
needs, wants, moods, mental set, emotions,
etc. How our perceptions are influenced
by these factors has been the
subject for psychological study for some
time."

good transition and stuff for argue 2. is kinda a background and simple but also gives info and credibility to my point.

intro?, argue 2, conclusion?, extra/background

"However, unless we are dealing with
an audience, all of whom are somewhat
thirsty when we flash subliminally a message
like "drink Coca-Cola," or somewhat
hungry for the subliminal message
"eat popcorn," we should expect minimal
response. Also, even if the audience
is thirsty, a quick and indistinct flash of
"drink Coca-Cola" might be read as
"drink cold cola," or just plain "drink."
The less distinct the stimulus, the more
likely is it that the message will be incorrectly
perceived."

emphasis on argue 2 and kinda conclusion... AWESOME FOR CREDIBILITY. probably would have already something like this but now it is just more credddddd

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

American public believes in subliminal advertising, but advertising executives have repeatedly denied this claim.

What is true? on two different pages...

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

"Keith McKerracher, the president of the Institute of Canadian Advertisers, has done research for a book that rebuts the existence of subliminal advertising and said he had not found evidence supporting the claims of Mr. Key. 'There's something in us that wants to believe in the occult and that's where I put the whole thing,' he said. And John Philip Jones, an advertising professor at Syracuse University, called subliminal advertising "a widely believed myth." Still, 'the whole thing is quite incredible," he said. "But it can't hurt advertising. Mostly, the public's attitude about advertising is they don't think about it much.'"

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

One should not pay attention to if an advertiser is including subliminal messages; one should pay attention to whether they succeed in their attempt.

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

look at paragraph 1 in this source to see a great introduction flow.

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

Half of the interviewees knew what subliminal advertising was. 37% believe subliminal is used "often," 13.5% believe it is used "always," 23.6% believe it is used "sometimes," and the rest believe it is used never or they are unsure.

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

Half of people believe subliminal advertising is unacceptable, unethical, and harmful. Few believed the opposite.

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

78% of subjects said they knew what subliminal advertising was.

make sure you use this and not that info from that one chart that was divided into sub sections. this is more of a summary

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

Subliminal advertising is somewhat of a new invention that is gaining the public's attention.

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

Since it is somewhat of a new discovery, the question now is whether this is dangerous and effective. Should this be prohibited?? This question is asked with the assumption that subliminal advertising and messaging works to begin with.

This is the question. But before we can answer this we have to think about whether it even matters. lol

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

check this section for info on the subconscious....and if you need motivation

you need to use all of these summaries...just have them ready to reflect

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

check this paragraph in the text about the unconscious. shorter than the others but i cannot just quote this one when it is of equal importance.

all of these summaries might have info to help my argument in them...but i am not making an individual notecard on all of these... lol

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

look at these paragraphs for info on the comparison of the subconscious and unconscious minds. and maybe arguments. EMPHASIS on par. 19-22.

again good luck man and dont give up!

intro?, conclusion?, extra/background

"If a completely subliminal message is
transmitted (that is, one that is well below
the threshold level), no response
whatsoever should be expected. If a partially
subliminal message is transmitted
(one that borders on the level of conscious
awareness), we can expect some
reaction, depending upon the simplicity,
brevity, and clarity of the message and
the extent to which the audience is properly
attuned to it."

intro?, counter 2, counter 3, extra/background

"Subliminal Myth: How a Generation Was Fooled" 12

"Subliminal advertising was the very concept they had been dreaming of. The outrage came from consumer advocates and self-appointed protectors of the weak and innocent; those who already believed in the awesome power of the mass media and who feared that advertising did indeed have the potential for a bit of black magic. Thus the stage was set for a classic confrontation between two opposing moral systems linked by a shared belief in the insidious power of advertising."

Reactions to the first subliminal advertising scandal in the 1950s.

"The concept has its roots in an experiment carried out in New Jersey in the 1950s. The phrases "Drink Coke" and "Eat popcorn" were supposedly flashed onto a movie screen at a speed too rapid for moviegoers to see them, resulting in the increased sales of Coke and popcorn. The author of the New Jersey study later admitted, however, that he had faked it to boost his advertising business."

About 60-65 percent of Americans believe that subliminal advertising exists.

"The survey, conducted by the Response Analysis Corporation, a market research company based in Princeton, N.J., said 61 percent of 800 adults questioned believe advertisers put in subliminal messages.
The survey, which has a margin of error of 3 percent, also said 56 percent think it is possible that subliminal advertising can get them to buy things they do not really want."

Many people and programs have poked fun at subliminal advertising, not only spreading the message but also denying its effectiveness.

Subliminal advertising is more than just "hidden messages." Sometimes the messages and advertising can be overt, causing influence as well.

"We are right to be concerned about ads that manipulate us. Ads are effective because they play on the ways that our minds and emotions naturally work. For example, they grab our attention with fast-moving, colorful images, to which our eyes are naturally attracted, or they pair a product with something we find attractive, perhaps a sexy model or a family gathered around the hearth on a snowy evening."

"Subliminal messages often concentrate on the taboos of society -- sex, death, incest, homosexuality, and at times, pagan icons -- according to Key."

By the way, Dr. William Key is a scientist guy

Yes, there has been some evidence hinting that subliminal advertising works; however, most studies suggest that subliminal stimuli is ineffective.

Consciousness is just when someone is aware of themselves and their environment.

look up definition??? idk lolz