2019-2020 Haplogroup M Tree

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K
1						Y-DNA Haplogroup M and its Subclades - 2019-2020
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4			Downloading this spreadsheet as Excel retains format better than copying. Links may not copy to new sheet.
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6			The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the					Main Page.
7			Directions for citing the document are listed on			Main Page.
8				Version History				Last revision date for this specific page: 9 April 2020
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10		Because of continuing research, the structure of the Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree changes amd will be updated when possible
11		If the differences need clarification or if you find any broken links on this page, then:						Email Ray Banks
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13	LINKS:	Glossary	Main Page		Y-DNA Tree Trunk		SNP Index		Papers/Presentations Cited		Listing Criteria
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15	FONT COLORS:				Newly confirmed in 2019 within subclade			Confirmed within subclade		Investigational items
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17	SYMBOLS:		^ Indicates a next-generation sequencing entry which does not yet meet quality guidelines for minimum number of reads.
18			^^ Indicates an entry which does not meet quality guidelines but may be helpful.
19			~ Indicates only an approximate location on the tree.
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21		The criteria for a representative SNP printed in bold for a subclade is: traditional usage, testing done in multiple labs, and/or being found in the area of the chromosome used in recent research studies.
22		SNPs listed below in italics (colored black or red) are quality variants from next-generation sequencing reports consistently showing as representing that subgroup
23		DID YOU NOTICE that the items in gray sometimes have a long name preceding their listing that is the same as just above? In this situation, evidence seems to indicate they also seem to belong to the same subgroup, but some confirmatory evidence is not yet available.
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26	M	SK1828, Page93/S322
27		M1	M4, CTS7357.2, FGC29215, M5/P73, M106, M189, M296, Page1, PH4279, PH3025, SK1845, SK1847, SK1848, SK1849, SK1850, SK1851, SK1852, SK1853, SK1854, SK1855, SK1856, SK1857, Y1422.2/Z8214.2, Y26288/Z43397, Y26291/Z43398, Y26298/Z43408, Y26299/Z43409, Y26300/Z43410, Y27828/Z43395, Y27835/Z43399, YSC0000696, Z30832, Z30839, Z30840, Z30841, Z30890, Z30891, Z30892, Z30893, Z30894, Z30895, Z30896, Z30897, Z30898, Z30899, Z30900, Z30901, Z30902, Z30903, Z30904, Z30905, Z30908, Z30909, Z30910, Z30912, Z30913, Z30914, Z30915, Z30916, Z30918, Z30919, Z30921, Z30922, Z30923, Z30924, Z30925, Z30926, Z30930, Z30931, Z30932, Z30933, Z30935, Z30936, Z30939, Z30940, Z30942, Z30943, Z30944, Z30948, Z30950, Z30951, Z30952, Z30953, Z30954, Z30956, Z30957, Z30958, Z30959, Z30960, Z30961, Z30962, Z30963, Z30964, Z30965, Z30967, Z30968, Z30972, Z30975, Z30976, Z30977, Z30979, Z30980, Z30981, Z30982, Z30984, Z30985, Z30986, Z30987, Z30988, Z30989, Z30991, Z30992, Z30993, Z30994, Z30995, Z30996, Z30998, Z30999, Z31001, Z31002, Z31004, Z31006, Z31008, Z31009, Z31011, Z31012, Z31013, Z31014, Z31015, Z31016, Z31017, Z31018, Z31019, Z31020, Z31021, Z31023, Z31024, Z31025, Z31028, Z31029, Z31031, Z31032, Z31033, Z31034, Z31035, Z31036, Z31037, Z31038, Z31039, Z31040, Z31041, Z31042, Z31043, Z31044, Z31045, Z31048, Z31049, Z31050, Z31051, Z31052, Z31054, Z31055, Z31056, Z31058, Z31059, Z31061, Z31063, Z31064, Z31065, Z31066, Z31067, Z31068, Z31072, Z31073, Z31074, Z31075, Z31076, Z31077, Z31078, Z31080, Z31081, Z31082, Z31083, Z31085, Z31086, Z31087, Z31088, Z31089, Z31090, Z31094, Z31095, Z31096, Z31099, Z31101, Z31102, Z31103, Z31104, Z31105, Z31106, Z31107, Z31108, Z31110, Z31111, Z31112, Z31113, Z31114, Z31115, Z31116, Z31117, Z31133, Z31134, Z31136, Z31137, Z31138, Z31141, Z31143. Z31144. Z31145, Z31147, Z31149, Z31150, Z31152, Z31153, Z31154, Z31155, Z31156, Z31157, Z31159, Z31160, Z31161, Z31162, Z31163, Z31165, Z31166, Z31167, Z31168, Z31169, Z31170, Z31171, Z31172, Z31173, Z31174, Z31175, Z31181, Z31182, Z31183, Z31184, Z31185, Z31187, Z31188, Z31189, Z31190. Z31191, Z31192. Z31193, Z31194, Z31195, Z31196, Z31197, Z31198, Z33312, Z33344
28		M1~	FGC13408.2,/Z16369.2, M186, M5991, Z30911, Z30929, Z30934.1, Z30945, Z30949, Z30955, Z30966, Z30978, Z31010, Z31026, Z31057, Z31070, Z31071, Z31093, Z31097, Z31100, Z31140, Z31148, Z31164
29			M1a	Z30983, Z30997, Z31022, Z31030, Z31069
30				M1a1	SK1846/Z43400, Z30917
31					M1a1a	BY8413.1/Z30938.1, SK1869, Z30835, Z30907, Z30917, Z30920, Z30928, Z30937, Z31000, Z31005, Z31007, Z31046, Z31060, Z31062, Z31079, Z31151, Z31158
32						M1a1a1~	P94
33						M1a1a2	Z30928, Z31007, Z31146
34							M1a1a2a	P87
35								M1a1a2a1	M104_1^^/P22_1^^, M104_2^^/P22_2^^
36								M1a2a2a1~	F2561/Page67
37								M1a2a2a2~	FGC24709, FGC36703, SK1877, SK1879, Z42236, Z42237, Z42238, Z42239, Z42240, Z42241, Z42242, Z42243, Z42244, Z42245, Z42246, Z42247, Z42248, Z42249, Z42250, Z42251, Z42252, Z42253, Z42254, Z42255, Z42256, Z42257, Z42258, Z42259, Z42260, Z42261, Z42262, Z42263, Z42264, Z42265, Z42266, Z42267, Z42268, Z42269, Z42270, Z42271, Z42272, Z42273, Z42274, Z42275, Z42276, Z42277, Z42278, Z42279, Z42280
38									M1a1a2a2a	M16
39									M1a1a2a2b	M83
40									M1a1a1a1b~	SK1881, Z42285, Z42286, Z42287
41									M1a1a1a1c~	SK1880, Z42281, Z42282, Z42283, Z42284
42						M1a1a3~	Z33330, Z33345, Z42288
43							M1a1a3a~	P51, SK1872, Z42289, Z42290, Z42291, Z42292
44							M1a1a3b	B256, SK1882, Z31135, Z33309, Z33313, Z33318, Z33319, Z33323, Z33325, Z33331, Z33336, Z33343, Z33347, Z33348, Z33350
45							M1a1a3b~	Z33310, Z33311, Z33317, Z33320, Z33321, Z33324, Z33326, Z33327, Z33332, Z33337, Z33341, Z33351
46								M1a1a3b1	Z33322, Z33328
47								M1a1a3b1~	Z33114. Z33315, Z33316, Z33317, Z33329, Z33333, Z33339, Z33340, Z33342
48									M1a1a3b1a~	SK1889, Z42293, Z42294, Z42295, Z42296
49									M1a1a3b1b	Z42297, Z42298, Z42299. Z42300, Z42301, Z42302, Z42303, Z42304, Z42305, Z42306, Z42307, Z42308, Z42309, Z42310, Z42311, Z42312, Z42313, Z42314, Z42315, Z42307, Z42308, Z42309, Z42310, Z42311, Z42312, Z42313, Z42314, Z42315, Z42316, Z42317. Z42318, Z42319, Z42320, Z42321, Z42322
50										M1a1a3b1b1~	Y26302/Z42326, Z42323, Z42324, Z42325, Z42327
51										M1a1a3b1b2~	BY3630.2, F1295.2, Z42328, Z42329, Z42330
52									M1a1a3b1c	B269, Z31204.2, Z33269, Z33270, Z33271, Z33272, Z33273, Z33274, Z33276, Z33277, Z33278, Z33279, Z33280, Z33281, Z33282, Z33283, Z33284, Z33277, Z33278, Z33279, Z33280, Z33281, Z33282, Z33283, Z33284, Z33285, Z33286, Z33288, Z33289, Z33290, Z33291, Z33292, Z33293, Z33295, Z33296, Z33297, Z33298, Z33299, Z33300
53										M1a1a3b1c1~	B271, Z33302, Z33305, Z33307, Z33308
54										M1a1a3b1c2~	B270, Z38339, Z38340, Z38341
55									M1a1a3b1d~	B272, Z33740. Z33741, Z33742, Z33743
56								M1a1a3b2	Y26293/Z43837, Z43838
57								M1a1a3b2~	M10781/S20812/ZS4770
58									M1a1a3b2a~	Z42538, Z42539, Z42540, Z42541, Z42542
59									M1a1a3b2b~	Z43832. Z43833, Z43834, Z43835, Z43836
60				M1a2~	Z43411, Z43412, Z43413, Z43414, Z43415
61			M1b~	FT254675
62		M2	M353, M387
63		M2~	PF4350.1
64			M2a	M177^^/SRY9138^^
65		M3	P117
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67		MUTATION INFORMATION AT VERY BOTTOM HERE
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69	NOTES:
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71	Identical SNPs that were discovered separately are listed in alphabetical order, not necessarily in the order of discovery,
72		and separated by "/". Examples: M5/P73, M104/P22, M177, SRY9138
73	Removed P35_1, P35_2, P35_3, not meeting quality guidelines on 11 August 2016.
74	The chromosome location for M-P256 shown in Karafet (2008) seems off by one chromosome position.
75		All M samples from next-generation sequencing show the same mutation at adjacent chromosome position 8685231.
76		So this is the position tentatively listed in the ISOGG index. Listed 31 August 2016.
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78	Y-DNA haplogroup M		reaches its known peak in Papua New Guinea, totaling one-third to two-thirds of population.
79		The haplogroup M Aborigines in Australia seem comparatively to be the most recent arrivals among Aborigines (Bergstrom).
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81	Geographic distribution so far of ancestry of modern-day haplogroup M subgroup men (not complete):
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84	M1a1a2a2a		M16	Papua New Guinea
85	M1a1a2a2b		M83	Papua New Guinea
86	M1a1a3b1b		Z42297	N. Australia (Aborigines)
87	M1a1a3b1c		B269	Papua New Guinea (Kosibes)
88	M1a1a3b1d~		B272	Papua New Guinea (Kosibes)
89	M1a1a3b2		Y26293/Z43837 Papua New Guinea
90	M1a2		Z43411	Papua New Guinea
91	M1b		FT254675	Indonesia (Maluku Isl.)
92	M2		M177	Papua New Guinea
93	M3		P117	Melanesia
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95
96	References:
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98	Bergstrom et al, Deep Roots for Aboriginal Australian Y Chromosomes. (pdf) Current Biology, 26:809-813, (2016).
99	Bergstrom et al, A Neolithic Expansion, but Strong Genetic Structure, in the Independent History of New Guinea Science, 357:1160-1163 (2017).
100	Cox M P & Lahr M M, Y-Chromosome Diversity Is Inversely Associated with Language Affiliation in Paired Austronesian- and Papuan-Speaking Communities from Solomon Islands. (pdf) American Journal of Human Biology, 18:35-50, 2006.