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Estimated Cost of Major Agricultural Subsidies - Crop Insurance and Direct Payments to Farms
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Dollars in billions
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Direct Costs of Federal Crop Insurance Program
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Crop yearUnderwriting
Gain		Premium
Subsidy		Program
Delivery Costs		Total Crop
Insurance Costs		Total Direct
Gov't Payments		Grand Total of Crop Insurance
and Direct Payments
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20162.615.871.459.9312.9822.912016
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20172.616.361.4810.4511.5321.982017
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20182.126.271.549.9313.6723.602018
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20190.516.411.588.5022.4530.952019
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20201.366.451.689.4945.5955.082020
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20213.258.851.8813.9825.9639.942021
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20224.1811.982.1818.3415.5633.902022
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20232.1811.332.4315.9412.2728.212023
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20242.069.882.4414.389.3323.712024
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forecast20252.3910.842.4015.6342.4058.032025
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Total not incl 2025
110.94169.34280.28
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39.6%60.40%
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Yearly avg
not incl 2025		12.3318.8231.14
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~$12B~$19B~$31B
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Animal Ag Annual Average (Crop Ins & Direct Payments)
Total Annual Average (Crop Ins & Direct Payments)
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(share of total annual average of $31 billion)$31.1in $ billions - 9 yr average 2016-2024
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ProgramTotalShare to Animal AgAnimal Ag $$33.8in $ billions - 10 yr average incl forecast 2025
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Crop Ins (incl share to livestock)$12B50%$6B
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Direct Payments to Crops$14B40%$5.5B
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Direct Payments to Livestock$5B100%$5B
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Total$31BTotal $16.5B$31,100,000,000in $ - 9-year average cost
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AA Share of total~50%$33,800,000,000in $ - 10-year average cost incl 2025 forecast
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Share of animal ag subsidies that go to feed crop producers -67%
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Share of animal ag subsidies that go to livestock & poultry producers -33%
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(crop ins to feed crops = ~$5.5B + direct payents to crops of $5.5B = 11/16.5 = 66.6%)
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This does not purport to be a comprehensive accounting of agricultural subsidies. It includes just 2 major categories of subsidies: crop insurance and so-called "direct payments."
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It does not include, for example, loan programs, research, agricultural extensions, marketing aids, export assistance, purchasing programs, or tax credits.
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Additionally, many of these figures are not inflation-adjusted, which would make the long-term averages significantly higher.
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We rely on the following references for these figures:
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2016-2022 crop ins:USDA RMA (2024) Direct Costs of Federal Crop Insurance Program.
[https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/farm-practices-management/risk-management/crop-insurance-at-a-glance]
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2024 crop ins:
Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, Commodity Year Statistics 2024, As of June 23, 2025, Nationwide Summary - By Commodity/State, p. 158. [https://pubfs-rma.fpac.usda.gov/pub/sob/current_week/cropst2024.pdf]

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2023-2024 crop delivery/underwriting
USDA OIG Federal Crop Insurance Corporation/Risk Management Agency's Financial Statements for Fiscal Year 2024, p. 26. [https://usdaoig.oversight.gov/sites/default/files/reports/2024-11/05403-0001-11_FR_508.pdf]
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2024-2025 figures for crop ins:
Congressional Budget Office (Jan 2025) Baseline Projections, USDA Farm Programs, p. 24. [https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2025-01/51317-2025-01-usda.pdf]
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2016-2025 direct payments:
USDA ERS (Feb. 6, 2025) Farm Income and Wealth Statistics - Government payments by program. [https://data.ers.usda.gov/reports.aspx?ID=4050]
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