KIB - Antibiotics (public)

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1	Antibiotic abacus	by Information is Beautiful	Antibiotic family (group)	Penicillins	Penicillins	Aminoglycosides	Aminoglycosides	Other	Macrolides	Macrolides	Other	Glycopeptides	Tetracyclines	Aminoglycosides	Penicillins	Penicillins (Aminopenicillins)	Penicillins	Nitroimidazoles	Penicillins (Aminopenicillins)	Sulfonamides	Cephalosporins (First generation)P	Cephalosporins (First generation)	Aminoglycosides	Fluoroquinolones	Fluroquinolones	Rifamycin	Lincosamides	Sulfonamides / other*	Aminoglycosides	Penicillins	Cephalosporins (Third generation)	Cephalosporins (Third generation)	Cephalosporins (Third generation)	Carbapenems	Carbapenems	Penicillins		Fluroquinolones	Fluroquinolones	Penicillins	Multi-drug	Remarks	Resistance score	N antibiotics or classes	Average % resistance	Sources

2	Adding up drug resistance	data are % of bacteria that are resistant, US x = resistance, but unquantified	Individual drug	all	Penicillin	all	Streptomycin	Chloramphenicol	all	Erythromycin	Isoniazid	Vancomycin	Tetracycline	Kanamycin	Oxacillin	all	Methicillin	Metronidazole	Ampicillin	Sulfamethoxazole	all	Cefalotin	Gentamicin	all	Nalidixic acid	Rifampicin	Clindamycin	Trimethoprim-sulfa	Amikacin	Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid	all	Ceftriaxone	Ceftazidime	all	Imipenem	Ampicillin-sulbactam	Ceftiofur	Ciprofloxacin	Moxifloxacin	Piperacillin-tazobactam		* TMP-SFX is a mixture of 1 part trimethoprim to 5 parts sulfamethoxazole	1 least worrying - 4 most worrying	at least some resistance	entries with numeric data	http://www.cddep.org/resistancemap/overview
3	Bacterium name	Causes	Gram negative?
4	A. baumanii	"Iraqibacter" - pneumonia, meningitis	yes	x	x	46%			x	x									x		x			58%		0%			0%	x	x	x	52%	41%	x	25%				x	51%	increasing rapidly	4	18	31.71%
5	K. pneumoniae	pneumonia, bronchitis, urinary infections	yes			8%																		11%				15%			23%			11%							6%		2	5	13.60%
6	E. faecium	urinary infections										75%											19%																				1	2	47.00%
7	N. gonorrhoeae	gonorrhoea	yes	30%	x								x																			0.4%				13%		14%			30%		3	6	14.35%
8	Shigella	dysentry	yes				56%	14%					45%	0.9%					78%	47%		6%	0.2%	2%	1%			46%	0.06%	2%		0%					0.06%	0.06%	x		64%		4	16	18.64%
9	M. tuberculosis	tuberculosis									9%			x										x		x			x									x	x		60%	extremely drug-resistant variant	3	7	9.00%
10	P. mirabilis	kidney stones, proteus				9%										22%								28%				27%			2%										0.6%	resistance increasing steadily	2	5	17.60%
11	CoNS	food poisoning			x			x				0%	16%		63%								x	50%		x	33%	34%										x			13%	resistance decreasing steadily	3	9	32.67%
12	C. difficile	severe diarrhoea, colitis										11%	3%					0%						x		10%	28%											x	39%				3	7	15.17%
13	P. aeruginosa	lung, urinary, skin, wound & blood infections	yes			15%																		27%									10%	14%						12%	10%	40% in Greece	2	5	15.60%
14	S. pneumoniae	pneumonia, meningitis & many other infections			8%				41%																																8%		1	2	24.50%
15	E. coli	food poisoning	yes			9%										45%								33%				25%			15%										1.5%		2	5	25.40%
16	S. aureus	boils, sinusitis, food poisoning															51%									0.8%																	1	1	25.90%
17																																										After 1992: the development gap: no major new antibiotics developed for 20 years
18	gram-negative bacteria	strong membrane, more resistant
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21			Date introduced		1942		1944	1949		1952	1952	1955	1955	1958	1959		1960	1960	1961	1961		1964	1964		1967	1967	1968	1968	1976	1981		1982	1983		1985	1987	1987	1987	1989	1992		Substances separated by a dash e.g. Ampicillin-sulbactam are antibiotics administered with another agent				http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/112642/1/9789241564748_eng.pdf
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