ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAABAC
1
serial Authoryearcountrysample size% acceptance
acceptance number
actual intentionactual/virtual
month of the study
age (mean+-SD)
race %gender %
online/face to face
type of vaccine
full vaccinated / not
immunocompromised/notHCW/noteducationemploymentquality scorestudy type iclusion exclusion predictors
2
1
Christopher J Peterson, 2021
2021USA2340.81619100.816virtual
13 July 2021 to 3 August 2021
NANA
Male 36.75%, Females 62.82%
onlineModerna or Pfizer99.03% fully vacc.NA medical students
medical students
NAsatisfactoryCross-sectional Medical studentsNANA
3
2
Kim Mannemar Sønderskov
2022Denemark13570.95128900.95virtual
10 December to 23 December 2021
NANANAonlineModerna or Pfizer95% fully vaccinatedNAnotNANAunsatisfactoryCross-sectional Received OR schadueled to receive vaccine, AND didn't receive booster doseDidn't recieve COVID vaccine at all OR recieved a booster doseNA
4
3Fan Wu, 20222022China82290.9697974096.9virtualOctober 24–28, 2021,26 and 45 (78.5%)
Han nationality (95.0%)
females (69.0%) , males (31.0%)
onlineNA
6.7% not vacc., 7.6% first dose vaccinated, 81.9% full vacc,3.7% got booster
NA
 (2.5%) participants were medical staff,
Junior high school or below 32.8%
High school 28.9%
Bachelor 35.95%
Master or above 2.3%
Health care workers 2.5%
Other 97.5%
satisfactoryCross-sectional Individuals who are at least 18 years old, were able to read and complete the self-administered questionnaire, independently, and voluntarily agreed to take the surveyNAGender,Age, Occupation, Discomfort after vaccination, Interval after last vaccination, Active attention to news, PMT scale ( threat appraisal, response efficacy, self-efficacy, and response cost), VHS scale (complacency, convenience , and confidence)
5
4María Isabel Marte, 20212021
Dominican REpublic
10960.41145000.411virtualJul-21 (mean: 37 years).NA
female (n=658; 60%), 39.7% (n=435) were male, and 0.3% (n=3) preferred not to identify their gender.
online
Sinovac, AstraZeneca, Pfizer
81.9% (n=898) had completed their scheme with the second dose
NA43% are HCW
31.5% (n=345) have obtained a bachelor’s degree level, 20.9% (n=229) doctorate, 27.5% (n=301) have a master’s level, 1.9% (n=21) has accomplished a PhD, , technicians6.7% and who have completed high-school 11.3% or elementary school 0.3%.
14.7% (n=161) are unemployed; the remaining 85.3% actively work in the public, private sector, or independently. A total of 43% (n=471) of participants are health personnel
satisfactoryCross-sectional All permanent residents . over 18 years of age, who agreed to participate by virtually signing the informed consentNANA
6
6 Tianzhen Hu, 20222022China12270.60173700.601virtual
20 October to 10 December 2021,
Under 18 0.40%
18–29 38.80%
30–39 36.00%
40–49 16.90%
50–59 6.40%
Beyond 60 2.00%
NAMale 51.20%
Female 48.80%
onlineNA
88.9%full vaccinated, 8.6% fin ish first dose, 2.4% not vaccinated
NANAJunior high school and below 1.10%
High school, higher vocational or tertiary qualifications 4.10%
College and related qualifications 9.20%
Bachelor’s degree 53.10%
Postgraduate and above 32.40%
Civil servants 11.50%
Staff in government-affiliated public institution 14.00%
Enterprise employee 56.10%
proprietorship 2.90%
Teacher 4.40%
Doctor 1.50%
Self-employed 6.50%
Other occupations 3.10%
satisfactoryCross-sectional NANANA
7
7 Tesfaye Yadete, 20212021USA21380.618132100.618virtual14 July to 19 July 2021NA
Non-Hispanic White 61.9%, Non-Hispanic Black 12.3%, Hispanic 17.4%, Asian 5.3%, Others 3.1%
Female 49.7% Male 47.6%
onlineNANANANANANAsatisfactoryNANANA
8
8
Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, 2022
2022 UAE6140.8552200.85virtual
25 August to 20 October 2021
(31.1%) aged 18–22, (38.4%) aged 23–26, (21.3%) aged 27–30, (4.9%) aged 31–36 and (4.2%) aged ≥ 37.
22.1% were Emirati, 22.1% were African, 19.7% were Western, 28% were Asian and 8% were Arabic.
69.1% female and 30.9% male
onlineNA
77% have received first two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine 
NA26.50% (19.2%) primary school/elementary, (31.8%) secondary education, (26.4%) diploma, (10.7%) university degree holders and (11.9%) postgraduates24.3% students, 19.5% unemployed, 26.5% employee in health sector and 29.6% employee in non-health sectorsatisfactoryCross-sectional Students and faculty staff of Ajman University,UAE residents, aged 18 years and above, and willing to participate in the studyNAEmployment, chronic disease status,
Having relatives infected with Covid-19
infection, Covid-19 full vaccination status,
Admition to hospital due to COVID-19 symptoms
9
9Chenyuan Qin2022china17240.8846152500.8846virtual
1 week from November 12, 2021
≤30>>>> 808 (46.87%)
31–40 >>>748 (43.39%))
41–50 >>>139 (8.06%)
,>50 >>29 (1.68)
NA
Female (49.71%), male (50.29%)
onlineNANANANAHigh school or polytechnic school 83 (4.81%) Junior college 215 (12.47%) Bachelor’s degree 1,332 (77.26%) Postgraduate degree 94 (5.45%)NAsatisfactoryCross-sectional Chinese citizen, Having child aged under 18 years old, agreement to participate in the studyNANA
10
10Mateusz Babicki,20222022poland15280.82512610.0250.8both
23 September 2021 to 3 October 2021
NANA
83.4%females, 16.6% male
online
full vaccination (two doses of
Comirnaty or Spikevax or AstraZeneca or 1 dose of Johnson & Johnson The most common
vaccine administered to the respondents was Pfizer/BioNTech’s Comirnaty vaccine (74.1%),
while the schedule of (2.4%) respondents was mixed and used mRNA vaccine and a
vector vaccine.
full vaccinatedChronic conditions
No 933 (61.1%)
Yes 595 (38.9%)
Cardiovascular system, yes 120 (7.9%)
Respiratory system, yes 93 (6.1%)
Nervous system, yes 26 (1.7%)
Oncological, yes 12 (0.8%)
Psychiatric, yes 121 (7.9%)
Dermatological, yes 59 (3.9%)
Endocrinological, yes 303 (19.8%)
Other than listed, yes 105 (6.9%)
(36.5%) were healthcare
workers
Primary (0.5%)
Lower secondary (0.4%)
Vocational (1%)
Secondary 309 (20.2%)
Higher (university degree) 1189 (77.8%)
education (77.8%).
NAsatisfactoryCross-sectional over the
age of 18, Poland resident, fully faccinated
Missed
consent and/or (no vaccination or incomplete vaccination)
Confidence level, age, chronic disease status, adverse events occurrence
11
11Kechun Zhang, 20222022China23290.84195600.84virtual
between 26 and 31 october 2021
Age group, years 18–29 614 (26.4) 30–39 1064 (45.7) 40–49 514 (22.1) ≥50 137 (5.9)
NA
Male (49.2) Female (50.8)
face to face
Three types of COVID-19 vaccines, including two inactivated vaccines (Sinopharm and Sinovac CoronaVac) and one adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccine (CanSino: Ad5-nCoV), were available in Shenzhen during the study period. Completion of a primary vaccination series was defined
as receiving two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine (Sinopharm and/or Sinovac
CoronaVac) or one dose of adenovirus vector COVID-19 vaccine (CanSino Ad5-nCoV),f
163 not fully vaccinated,
NAnot
Junior high or below 580 (24.9) Senior high or equivalent 678 (29.1) College/university or above 1071 (46.0)
factory in shenzehn employee
satisfactoryCross-sectional 18 years of age or above, a fulltime employee of a factory in Shenzhen.Haven't completed the primary vaccination series, Received a booster dose, refused to participate in the studySocial media-related perceptions to booster dose, gender, educational level, monthly personal income, status as frontline workers or management staff
12
12Allyson J. Gallant
2021
united kingdom
3110.97130200.971virtual
february to march 2021
M = 70.3 (SD = 4.7)
almost entirely white ( didn’t mention %)
48.2% females, 51.8% male
onlineNA
1.6% full vaccinated ,97.1% received at least one dose
notNANANAunsatisfactory
longitudinal study
Older adults
(aged 65 and older) living in the UK, living independently in the community (i.e., not living in a care facility) and were generally in good health (and, specifically, not diagnosed with a neurological condition)
NANA
13
16Isabel Iguacel2022
colombia ,El Salvador and spain
30260.794240300.794virtual
August to december 2021
18–25year>> (40.2%),26–35year >> (17.8%),36–50year>> (25.8%),51–64year>> (12.4%),>65year >>> (3.9%)
NA
66.7% females, 33.3% male
onlineNA78.4% full vaccinatedNAYes 1124 (37.1%)
Low 703 (23.2%),Medium 782 (25.8%),High 1541 (50.9%)
Students/Unemployed/Retired. 1042 (no % given)
Administrative staff (0.7%)
Auxiliary or technician (4.6%)
Commercial (1.1%)
Nurse (8.7%)
Medical Doctor (MD) (7.3%)
Other health professionals different from MDs or nurses (4.0%)
Non-sanitary (39.2%)
unsatisfactoryCross-sectional 18 years old or older, voluntarily agreed to participate in the study, and are able to read and complete the self-administered questionnaire independentlyNAAge, gender, occupational status, and vaccination status
14
18
Kim Mannemar Sønderskov
2022Denmark15550.912141800.912virtual
30 August to 15 September 2021
53±17NA
female= 768(49.4%)/ male=78887(50.6%)
online survey
Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, johnson, astrazeneca & compination
vaccinated or planed =1482(95.3%)
NANAPrimary and lower secondary school 220
Upper secondary education 107
Vocational education 645
Short cycle higher education 116
Medium cycle higher education incl. bachelor 318
Long cycle higher education 149
NAsatisfactory
longitudinal study
Adult population of DenmarkNAAge
15
19Khalid Alhasan 2021Saudi Arabia12790.55370700.553virtual9 and 14 August 202138.56 ± 9.17NA
female= (62.2%)/ male=(37.8%)
online survey
Pfizer/BioNTech&
BNT162b2 or the AstraZeneca ChAdOx1nCoV-19 vaccines
the majority (69.2%) had received their second dose
NAyesLow 703 (23.2%)
Medium 782 (25.8%)
High 1541 (50.9%)
Clinical Role
Consultant 316 (24.7%)
Assistant consultant/fellow 93(7.3%)
Resident/registrar/physician in training 244 (19.1%)
Nurse 533 (41.7%)
Others: pharmacist, lab technician (radiology and anesthesia) 92( 7.2%)
satisfactory Cross-sectional HCWNANationality, full vaccination status, precautions implementation perception, Awarness about delta variant ,and vaccination regimen effectiveness expectations
16
20Mohamed Lounis 2022Algeria7870.5164060.132(104)0.384(302)both
28 January and 5 March 2022
Age Group
18–30 years old 212 (26.9%)
31–40 years old 246 (31.3%)
41–50 years old 192 (24.4%)
51–60 years old 98 (12.5%)
>60 years old 39 (5%)
NA
females=485 (61.6%), males=302 (38.4%)
online survey
Vaccine Type
Sinovac 520 (66.1%)
Sinopharm 42 (5.3%)
AstraZeneca-Oxford 99 (12.6%)
Janssen 24 (3%)
Sputnik V 80 (10.2%)
Pfizer-BioNTech 4 (0.5%)
I do not know 18 (2.3%)
Full vaccinated27.8% of the participants reported having at
least one chronic illness
Non-Healthcare Professionals (n = 482)
Healthcare Professionals (n = 305)
HCW = 305 (38.8%) NON HCW=482(61.2%)
good Cross-sectional Algerian national, at least 18 years old, capacity to communicate in Arabic or French, and being previously vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2NAAge, sex, education, profession,
COVID-19 Infectionstatus,
post-vaccination relief
Post-vaccination perceptions
17
21Miloslav Klugar 2021Czechia34540.71324641595 (48.5%)0.228both
3 and 11 November 2021
46.97 +11.78 (IQR: 39–55) years old
NA
Gender
Female † 2796 (80.9%)
Male 643 (18.6%)
LGBTQ+ 15( 0.4%)
online survey
BTN162b2 (90.7%), followed by mRNA-1273 (5.3%), AZD1222 (2.7%), and
Ad26.COV2.S (1.3%).
Less than half of the sample received a third dose by the time of responding to this survey (48.5%), and the rest received either two doses (49.7%) or one dose (1.8%).
NAHCW NA
Medical Professionals (MP) 1047 (30.3%)
Allied Health Professionals (AHP) 2407( 69.7%)
v.good Cross-sectional HCWFailure to obtain an informed participation concesntNA
18
23Mira H.Kheil , 20222022
San Mateo, CA, USA
17460.73127500.73virtual
18 October 2021 and 29 November 2021
18–29 years old 883 (51)
30–39 years old 250 (14)
40–49 years old 196 (11)
50–59 years old 223 (13)
60–69 years old 129 (7)
70+ years old 65 (4)
Half were immigrants (n = 871, 50%) and 43% (n = 753) were born and raised in the US/ Arabian Peninsula 64 (4%)
Fertile Crescent 1667 (95%)
Greater Maghreb 15 (1%)
Male 779 (45)
Female 960 (55)
Other 3 (0)
Unknown 4 (0)
online surveyPfizer,Moderna
, Johnson & Johnson
Nearly all (95%) either already received or planned on receiving their second dose
NOTNOT
Less than a high school degree 12 (1%)
High school degree or GED 144 (8%)
College 295 (17%)
Associate’s degree 78 (4%)
Bachelor’s degree 505 (29%)
Master’s degree 270 (15)
Doctorate 442 (25)
NAsatisfactory Cross-sectional Adults aged 18 years or older, able to provide informed consentNANA
19
24Jian Wu1
2021
Zhongmou County, Henan Province,China
299250.9162741500.916virtual
August 6, 2021 and August 9
Age (years) mean 30.99
18–29 13,312(44.48%)
30–39 11,911(39.80%)
40–49 3,269(10.92%)
50–59 1,149(3.84%)
60– 284 (0.95%)
Ethnic groups
Han 28,579(95.50%)

Minority 1,346 (4.50%)
Sex
Men 14,556(48.64%)
Women 15,369(51.36%)
a face-to face interview with participants from a representative village/ THEN A subsequent national cross-sectional online
NANA
Chronic condition
0 no chronic diseases 24,960 (84.95%)
1chronic disease 3,245(11.04%)
2 chronic diseases 891 (3.03%)
≥3chronic diseases 287 (0.98%)
not
Educational status
Below high school 3,839(12.83%)
High school graduate 7,893 (26.38%)
University graduate 18,193 (60.80%)
NAgood Cross-sectional Chinese adults, 18 years old or aboveNAAge, sex, educational level, marital status, chronic disease condition, smoking status
20
25Suman Pal
Devika
2021US13580.836113500.836virtual
1 February 2021 and 31 March 2021
Age *
18–30 170(12.5%)
31–40 384(28.3%)
41–50 292(21.5%)
51–60 294(21.6%)
>60 208(15.3%)
Racial identity *
Asian 91 (6.7%)
Black 43 (3.2%)
White 1132 (83.4%)
Other 81 (6.0%)
Gender *
Female 1076 (79.2%)
Male 273 (20.1%)
online surveyNA
1251received both doses or were planning to receive both doses of the vaccine/107 not vacinated hesitant to receive either the first or second dose
Co-morbidity
None 729 (53.7%)
one 377 (27.8%)
two 157 (11.6%)
3 or more 95 (7.0%)
yes
Education
GED or less 168 (12.4%)
Vocational 399 (29.4%)
Bachelors 250 (18.4%)
Masters 158 (11.6%)
Professional 383 (28.2%)
Occupation
DMP 542 (39.9%)
DPCP 514 (37.8%)
No direct contact 168 (12.4%)
Administration 134( 9.9%)
satisfactory Cross-sectional Adults, above 18 years of age, working in a healthcare setting in the USNANA
21
27Micah B. Hahn2022
USA (Alaskan communities)
3400.797271079.7Virtual
Data were collected via three survey waves. Wave 1: November 9 through 15 December 2020; Wave 2: March 9 to 25 March 2021; Wave 3: September 2–27)
43.3 (SD = 15.3)
African American: 1.7, Alaska Native: 59.8, Asian: 1.5, White: 29.4, Latino: 0.3, More than one: 7.4
Males: 30.1, Females: 69.9
OnlineNAFull vaccinatedNotNANANAsatisfactory
longitudinal study
Respondents living in remote Alaskan communities, 18 years of age or older.Respondents from Juneau cityNA
22
28Makoto Yoshida2022Japan24390.979238800.979virtualIn December 202152.6 (SD = 18.9)Japanese 100%
Males: 41.7 Females: 58.3
Face to face
mRNA-1273, BNT162b2
100%Full vaccinatedNotBothNANAsatisfactory
retrospective cohort study
Participants agreed to participate in the surveyNAAge, sex, number of adverse reactions after the second vaccination, whether an IgG-S antibody
titer was higher or lower than the median (324.85 AU/mL), and place of residence.
23
30Daniela Toro-Ascuy2022Chile7440.882656088.2VirtualMay., June., 2021
18-29: 206 (27.7), 30-59: 503 (67.6), > 59: 35 (4.7)
NA
Males: 35, Females:65
OnlineCoronaVac and Pfizer
Most of the respondents (93.4% n = 695) had received at least one dose of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at the time of the survey (mainly CoronaVac and Pfizer)
NANA
Middle School: 5 (0.7), High School: 273 (36.7), Undergraduate: 311 (41.8), Postgraduate: 155 (20.8)
NAgoodCross-sectional Chilean adult population, above 18 years oldNATrust in vaccines status, trust in stakeholders status, trust in social media status, trust in press status
24
31Lucio Folcarelli2022Italy6150.85752700.857virtual
16 November and 6 December 2021
32.1 (SD = 15.9)NA
Males: (42.6), Females: (57.4)
Online(BioNTech/Pfizer)Full vaccinated
of total respondents 73(11.9%) have at least one chronic condition
NA
High school degree or
less (69.3%), Baccalaureate/Graduate
degree (30.7%)
Student (71.1%), Other (28.9%)
goodCross-sectional Fully vaccinated individuals according to the registery at the
immunization center of a teaching hospital in Naples (Italy) from 26 May to 14 June 2021, and had not received the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine
NAAge in years, gender, , marital status, having cohabitants, baccalaureate/
graduate degree, role (student = 0; other = 1), having at least
a chronic medical condition, having been infected with SARS-CoV-2, have had friends or family members who were diagnosed with COVID-19, self-rated global health status, self-rated health status after the first dose, self-rated health status after the second dose, having received information on the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine from official government organizations, need of additional information on the booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine
25
32
Gede Benny SetiaWirawan
2022Indonesia26740.56315050.1510.412both
during 6th to 16th February
Age (years), median (IQR): 29 (24–35)
NA
Male: (42), Females: (58)
Online(type of booster dose)Inactivated virus 13 (3.2)
Viral vector 95 (23.6)
mRNA vaccine 286 (71.0)
Other or do not know 9 (2.2)
HybridNANA
Not completed high school: (8.3%), Completed high school: (52.8), Completed college: (38.9)
Unemployed: (12.7), Stay-at-home wife: (24.6), Student: (11.9), Part-time employment: (18.3), Full-time employment: (32.5)
satisfactoryCross-sectional Residents of Jakarta and Bali, proven by the geolocation feature on the online survey platform, aged 18 years old, and had
received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine of any type
NA The primary independent variables: health beliefs, media influence, and trust in authoritative sources. Other covariates include: demographics, socioeconomic status (age, sex, religion,
education level, employment status, monthly income, and health insurance), and COVID-19 history.
26
33Fadi Aljamaan2022 13400.4285740.4280Actual
Dec., 2021 & Jan., 2022
25–34: 19.9%, 35–44: 46.9%, 45–54: 23%, 55–64 or older: 10.2%
Saudi: 79.6, Non-Saudi: 20.4
Female/mother: 65.3, Male/father: 34.7
OnlineNA
Yes: the primary two doses: 61.3%, Yes: with the third booster dose: 35%, No: due to a medical exception: 0.5%, No: I do not believe in the COVID-19 vaccine: 2.6%, Not received due to other causes: 0.6%
NAHybrid
High school or less: 12.3%, University Degree: 76.4, Higher studies (Master’s or PhD): 11.3
Unemployed/Retired: 21.8%, Freelance: 8.2%, Healthcare worker: 23%, Employee: 47%
unsatisfactoryCross-sectional KSA resident parentsNANA
27
34Li Ping Wong2022Malaysia10100.812820081.2virtual
November 2021, February 2022
(mean = 32.1, SD ±11.3)
Malay: 44%, Chinese: 22.1%, Indian: 25.7%, Bumiputera Sabah/Sarawak: 2.1%, Others: 6.1%
Males (36.3), Female (63.7%)
OnlineNAFull vaccinated
93(9.2) had been diagnosed with chronic condition
NANA
Professional and managerial: 37.9%, General worker: 13.7%, Self-employed: 5.9%, Student: 31.2%, Housewife/Retired/Unemployed:11.3%
goodCross-sectional Malaysian residents above the age of 18, had been fully vaccinatedNAAge group, ethnicity, marital status, average monthly household income (MYR), region, past COVID-19 vaccination side effects status, severity of side effects after vaccination, pandemic fatigue status, practices of recommended measures against COVID-19 infection.
28
37A.M. RABABA’H2021Jordan4750.48823200.488
VirtualAug., 2021
18-29: 40.4%, 30-39: 34.2%, 40-49: 12.8%, 50-59: 8.4%, ≥60: 4.2%
NA
Male: 24, Female: 76
OnlineNAHybridNANA
Primary/secondary: 6.7%, Bachelor: 51.4%, Diploma: 8.0%, Graduate studies: 33.9%,
Employed: 57.5%, Unemployed: 37.5%, Retired: 5%
satisfactoryCross-sectional Jordanian adults aged 18 and aboveNAside effect
29
40Taysir Al Janabi2021US3160.8892810.889virtual Spring of 2021
18–19(0.3%), 20–29(78.8%), 30–39(10.4%), 40–49(5.7%), Prefer not to answer(0.3%)
White(57.6%), Black or African American(3.8%), American Indian or Alaskan Native(0.3%), Asian(25.9%), Native Hawaiian or other Pacific islander(0%), From multiple races(5.4%), Other(3.2%), Prefer not to answer(3.8%)
Female(47.2%), Male(50.0%), Other(0.6%), Prefer not to answer(1.6%)
Online
Pfizer-BioNTech(60.5%), Moderna(34.2%), J&J/Janssen(5.3%)
95.3% full , 3.1 not fullNotNotNillNillsatisfactoryCross-sectional
Medical students enrolled at two different cam-puses (Jonesboro, AR and Old Westbury, NY, USA)
NA
Sociodemographic characterstics ; Age, gender, Marital status, Race/Ethnicity, Household income, campus location, Vaccine type
30
41Elise Paul2021UK221390.9232043400.923virtual
21 March 2020 to 6 December 2021
Age
60+ mean 0-43. SD 0-50
45-59 mean 0-34 SD 0-47
30-44. mean 0-19 SD 0-39
18-29 mean 0-04. SD 0-19
White (0-87 + 0-33) mean+SD
Ethnic minority groups (0-13 + 0-33)mean+SD
males and females
online NAVaccinated not not
Undergraduate degree or higher mean 0-71 SD 0-46
A-levels or vocational mean 0-16 SD 0-37
Up to GCSE mean 0-13 SD 0-34
Not employed mean 0-42 SD 0-49
Employed mean 0-58. SD 0-49
satisfactory Cross-sectional
individuals who
had (i) data on intent to receive a COVID-19 booster vac-
cine (collected 22 November to 6 December 2021, here-
after ‘follow-up’), (ii) data on initial intent to receive a
first COVID-19 vaccine (collected 2 December 2020 to
31 March 2021), (iii) received at least two doses of a
COVID-19 vaccine at follow-up, and (iv) complete data
on other study variables.
individuals were excluded due to miss-
ing data on other study variables, for example those
who had selected “other/prefer not to say” in response
to gender or “prefer not to say” on ethnicity or income,
due to insufficient statistical power and an inability to
create statistical weights for these individuals,
Healthy adults (those without a pre-existing physical health condition) were also more likely to be uncertain or unwilling to receive a booster vaccine. In addition, low levels of current stress about catching or becoming seriously ill from COVID-19, consistently low compliance with COVID-19 government guidelines during periods of strict restrictions (e.g., lockdowns), lower levels of educational qualification, lower socio-economic position, and age below 45 years were all associated with uncertainty and unwillingness.

31
42Yoshiro Mori2022japan2600.931242093.1virtual
between 2 December and 8 December 2021 (7 days).
40.4 ± 12.3 yNA
74.2 % female, 25.8% male
onlineNANANAHCWNA
Medical doctor 48 13.2% Nurse 220 50.9 % Other medical staffs 51 12.4%Administrative staffs 94 23.5%
unsatisfactoryCross-sectional
medical staff at Sakaide City Hospital, Sakaide
NApregnancy , side effect
32
43Attia Sameh, 20222022German 9300.8788170.2720.606both 7-19 december 202129.08 +_10.93German
682 (73.3%) were females, 232 (24.9%) were males
online
the most commonly administered vaccine was BNT162b2
Over 95% of the participants had received at least one vaccine dose
notnotNA
322 were employees and 608 were students
goodCross-sectional
(a) students who were enrolled in degree programs, and (b) academic and non-academic employees of German universities.
NA
Pregnancy
Being a student
The high severity of side effects following the primer doses
beliefs of equal safety and non-inferior safety
The ethical dilemma of vaccine justice
33
44Xiaozhen Lai, 20212021China.11450.84897100.848VIRTUAL21-Jun18–59 yearschinase
50.31% were female
onlineNA"Received COVID-19 vaccination
Yes= 908 (79.30%)
No-=237 (20.70%)"
notnotSenior high school/technical school Or below= 311 (27.16%)
College/associate/bachelor’s degree or above= 834 (72.84%)

Employed = 1000 (87.34%)
Retired/out of work/still a student= 145 (12.66%)
v.goodCross-sectional
s Chinese adults living in the mainland of China, aged 18–59 years old
 aged 60 and abovePrevious vaccination history against COVID-19
a lower safety of COVID-19 boosters
worrying about serious adverse reactions
age 41–50 (
high education
), being retired/out of work/still a student
not belonging to a priority vaccination group

34
45Stephen R Neely, 20222022USA6000.92655600.926virtual 15 to25 July, 2021
18–24 8.5% 10.8%
25–44 30.7% 31.2%
45–64 34.2% 32.4%
65+ 26.7% 25.6%
Black/African American 17.5% 16.9%
White/Caucasian 72.3% 77.3%
Asian 3.0% 3.0%
American Indian/Alaska Native 1.2% 0.5%
Other 6.0% 2.3%
51.8% were female
onlineNA
69.8% received at least one dose
notnotNA NAgoodCross-sectional NANAconfidence in public health
ethnicity ( Hispanic and non-white respondents)
Education
35
46Sky Wei Chee Koh2022Singapore8910.7386580.7380actual
1 January 2021 to 10 December 2021
Study was extended to all aged 59
Singapore
85.1 % were female
face to face
Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty vaccine
98.9% full vaccinatednotHCW
high school/technical school College/associate/bachelor’s degree or above (100%)
Administration * 122 (13.7%)
Allied Health + 42 (4.7%)
Ancillary ˆ 331 (37.2%)
Medical # 165 (18.5%)
Nursing 230 (25.8%)
v.goodCross-sectional HCWTemporary staff, pharmacy and diagnostics staff
Sex, workplace, profession, was the key factor in affecting time to COVID-19 booster vaccination
36
50Matt Motta, 20222022USA15510.497600.490actualApril 22 - 27, 2022 Adult 18NA
54% were female ((46 %) were males
onlineNAFull vaccinated 72%-78%
An additional 49% self-report having received first a booster shot
with 11%
of the sample indicating the second booster does
NANANANAgood
a retrospective observational study
NAadult ≤ 18 yearsbeing non-Qatari and having received the influenza vaccine at least once predicted hesitancy.
37
51Yudong Miao, 20222022china 26,755 0.938325,104093.83virtual
Between 6 August 2021 and 9 August 2021
over 18
chinese(HAN25,741 (96.2)-MINORITY1014 (3.8))
12,685 (47.4)M-14,070 (52.6) F
online NA ful vaccinated
Chronic condition(Yes 3251 (12.2)-No 23,504 (87.8))
null
Below high school2948 (11.0)-High school graduate7032 (26.3)-University graduate16,775 (62.7)
nullsatsfactory Cross-sectional
resident on chinese main land -above 18 -vaccinated or have been vaccinated
less than 18-not resident on chinese mainland-incomplete information on age- notvaccinated
Lower willingness was observed among the population consisting of older (age ≥ 60 years), men, below high school, minority, religious beliefs, not in marriage, higher subjective social status, lower self-report health condition, suffered from chronic diseases, current smoker, current drinker, washing hands decreased, wearing mask decreased, gathering activities unchanged, COVID-19 vaccine adverse reactions, COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, unsure the risk of COVID-19 infection, unsure the possibility of curability of COVID-19, obtaining vaccine information through other ways, vaccine conspiracy beliefs, inconvenience of vaccination, and lower trust in doctors and developers.

Another reason is a lack of trust in physicians and vaccine developers.
Fear of needles
38
52Jadsada Kunno, 20222022
Urban Bangkok, Thailand
7800.4693660.4690actual
September to December 2021
over18(42 ± 17.73.)
NA
188 (24.1)M- 592 (75.9)F
noline survay -snowballsampling
Inactivated vaccine21 (2.7)    Viral vaccine120 (15.4)    mRNA vaccine225 (28.8)
759(97.3)null both    Primary school 37 (4.7)
    High school 88 (11.3)
    Diploma 90 (11.5)
    Bachelor’s 476 (61.0)
    Above bachelor’s 89 (11.4)
   Healthcare worker 387 (49.6)
    Government office 140 (17.9)
    Private office 70 (9.0)
    Non-office employee 32 (4.1)
    Personal business 75 (9.6)
    Housewife 76 (9.7)
satsfactory Cross-sectional
aged 18 years and older living in Bangkok-took the first dose
less than 18 _ not live in bankok -did not take first dose
lack of confidence in the effectiveness of the booster dose and the occurrence of adverse events in them or their loved ones. marital status, education, occupation
39
53Taysir Al Janabi2022new york USA31970.20%22470.20%0actual
over two weeks starting 11 January 2022,
18-49
White 196 (61.4%)-Black or African American9 (2.8%)-American Indian or Alaskan Native 2 (0.6%)-Asian 73 (22.8%)-Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander 0 (0%)-From multiple races 14 (4.4%)-others 8 (2.5%)--prefer not to answer 17 (5.3%).
164 (51.4%)f-140 (43.8%)m-5 (1.6%)other -6 (1.9%)Prefer not to answer
online NA full null NOT
 student or preclinical at New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYITCOM)
student unsatsfactory Cross-sectional  NYITCOM student NApharma mistrust, vaccine-induced immunity, and vaccines’ adverse effects
40
54Robert P Lennon, 20222022U.S. 12,2870.455,52900.45virtual  May 7 – June 7, 202135 to 59 years old
African Americans (n = 2,281),-Latino/a (n = 2,944)-Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (n = 2,281)-American Indians/Native Americans (n = 1,921).
51.1%f - 48.9%m
mixed-mode (telephone and online) poll 
NA full null null
High school or less40.0%-Some college, not graduate30.2%-College graduate/ post graduate degree30.0%
nullsatsfactory Cross-sectional NANARace, ethnicity
Education Level
Median Income,
Party Identification
Geography/Urbanicity
41
57Boaz M Ben-David2022Israel4000.9233690.60.323both on August 1112, 2021
mean age, 69.19 years (SD = 6.1);>or =60
null48.5%f -51.5%monline NA NANANA
53%academic education.
NAunsatsfactory Cross-sectional NANA1) Academic education
2) Contracting COVID-19
sense of control
42
60Xiaoxiao Wang, 2021 2021China 20470.758155200.758virtual April , may
adults (35-40 years old)
NA
males and females
online NA 100% fully vaccinated not both
Junior high school and
below 105 (6.4) 135 (33.5)
Senior high school 78 (4.7) 216 (53.6)
Associate or bachelor Master and above
NAsatisfactory Cross-sectional
vaccinated  Chinese  adults
 Incomplete  questionnaires
were  excluded
Age, gender, healthcare workers, high education
43
61Walid AlQerem
2021Jordan 9150.44640800.446virtual October , December
adults 45,9% ((18-29 years old))
NA
males and females
online
Pfizer, AstraZeneca , Sinopharm.
100% fully vaccinated not not
High school
Diploma
University student 168
Bachelor
Postgraduate
NAsatisfactory Cross-sectional People ged 18 or above, living in Jordan, and fully vaccinatedNAHousehold average monthly income, severity of symptoms, deliberate receipt of Covid-19 vaccination status, Risk level
44
63Tao-Hsin Tung2021China 15760.911143600.911virtual August
Age 0.052 0.097 0.178
≥40 years 827 (52.5)
<40 years 749 (47.5)
NA
Male 363 (23.0)
Female 1213 (77.0)
online NA96,1% fully vaccinated not not
Education level
Senior Secondary
and below
778 (49.4)
University and above 798 (50.6)
NAsatisfactory Cross-sectional
all parents who received the invitation letter and volun-
teered to complete the questionnaire.
excluding those
who were under the age of 18 or over the age of 70, excluding
those who answered within 120 seconds
History of allergic reaction
concerns about vaccine effectiveness and safety
45
64Andrea De Giorgio2021Croatia 10030.78678800.786virtual December
above 18 years old
NA
males and females
online Pfizer/BioNTech
AstraZeneca
Johnson & Johnson
Moderna
Combination
Other
unfull vaccinated (n =69) 6.8% and fully vaccinated (n=326) 32,5%
not not
High school 253
Bachelor degree 228
Master degree 385
Postgraduate degree 51
PhD 86
Unemployed 64

Full 749
Retired 56
Part-time 22
Student 112
satisfactory Cross-sectional
The only criterion for participation
in the investigation was that the respondents were over 18 years old.
NAunrealistic optimism
age
education, employment, loss of a close person
sources of information regarding SARS-CoV-2 (and related disease COVID-19) and vaccines
46
66Piotr Rzymski 2021Poland 24270.71172300.71virtual September
Aged <50, % (n) 62.3 (1513)
Aged ≥50, % (n) 37.7 (914)
NA
Female, % (n) 50.7 (1231)
Male, % (n) 49.3 (1196)
online
BNT162b2, mRNA-1273 , AZD1222, Ad26.COV2.
100% fully vaccinated 6,2% are immunocompromised not
Primary, % (n) 1.5 (37)
Secondary, % (n) 3.5 (85)
Vocational, % (n) 24.4 (591)
Tertiary, % (n) 70.6 (1714)
NAsatisfactory Cross-sectional
age ≥ 18 years old, Polish nationality, and status of the fully vaccinated individual
NAhigher severity of side effects in the last COVID-19 vaccine doses and level of fear associated with these side effects

a decreased trust in vaccines
47
67
Frederik Juhl Jørgensen
2022Denmark317210.872759700.87virtual
from 15 December 2021 to 13 February 2022
not mentionednot mentionednot mentionedeBoks (online)
they do not specify the specific vaccine, but the available vaccines in the Danish vaccination program are the vaccines developed by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna
full sample (all participants) / primary vaccination sample (either are (1) fully vaccinated (received two doses), (2) partially vaccinated (received one dose), or (3) wish to be vaccinated but had previously refused an invitation)
not mentionednot mentionednot mentionednot mentionedsatisfactoryCross-sectional
Danish citizens aged 18 or older
NAage, and sex
societal threat
response efficacy
self-efficacy’
response cost’
48
68Libing Ma
2022China94240.9221869000.9221virtual
from 15 September to 8 October 2021
not mentionednot mentionednot mentionedonlinenot mentionednot mentionednot mentionednot mentionednot mentionednot mentionedsatisfactoryCross-sectional
guardians of children aged <6 years in China
NAGuardians with a higher level of education,
guardians of children with underlying diseases,
and guardians not vaccinated with the COVID-19
concerns about vaccine effectiveness and safety

49
69Norio Sugawara2021Japan4960.90745000.907
virtualin July 202121.1 ± 2.5 yearsnot mentioned
294 males (59.27%), 202 females (40.73%)
onlinenot mentioned
All participants 90.7% (450/496)
Completed second dose vaccine 84.5% (419/496)
not mentionednot mentioned
medical students at Dokkyo Medical University
not mentionedgoodCross-sectional
medical students at Dokkyo Medical University
NAthe rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines
parents’ opinion
50
73Sami Alobaidi2022Saudi Arabia20590.711146400.711virtual
from 1 October 2021 to 30 November 2021
32.92 ± 8.33 yearsnot mentioned
1023 males (49.7%), 1036 females (50.3%)
onlinenot mentionednot mentionednot mentioned
39.8% (819/2059) definitely yes
31.3% (645/2059) probably yes
71.1% (1464/2059) intention for the COVID-19 booster dose uptake
not mentionednot mentionedunsatisfactoryCross-sectional
healthcare workers working in Saudi Arabia who were above 18 years of age
NAPerceived advantages and obstacles of the health belief model .
Gender , age(Male old participants), high education,high income

51
74Petros Galanis2022Greece8150.6250500.62
virtual
23 May to 30 May 2022
37.0 ± 13.3 yearsnot mentioned
195 Male (23.9%)
620 Female (76.1%)
onlinenot mentionedfull vaccinatednot mentionednot mentionednot mentionednot mentionedsatisfactoryCross-sectional
aged 18 years or above, had to understand the Greek language, and have completed a COVID-19 vaccine course (i.e., first COVID-19 doses and a booster dose)
NA lower educational level, absence of a chronic condition, good/very good self-perceived physical health, lack of flu vaccination during 2021, front-line nurses that provided healthcare to COVID-19 patients during the pandemic, nurses that had not been diagnosed with COVID-19 during the pandemic, and nurses that had at least one relative/friend that has died from COVID-19.

52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100