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variablenamedatatypedescriptionoptionvaluesunitssourcecomments
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CountrystringThe country a pregnant woman was residing in.The Gambia', 'Kenya', 'Mozambique'
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f2a_participant_idstringUnique identifier of each participant prefixed by the country code.220-10060Patient record220 - Gambia, 254 - Kenya, 258 - Mozambique
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exposure_daystringSpecific day on which environmental exposure variables were assigned to the participant. This variable is used to link daily exposure estimates to each participant during preconception and pregnancy windows
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VillagestringThe name of the village a pregnant woman reported to be coming from prior to the health facility visit.Patient record721 had the village named other which could not be used and 228 their villages could not be mapped.
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Village codestringUnique identifier/code assigned to each village.
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cohortstringIt refers to the group a pregnant woman belongs to in the PRECISE study.UNS', 'WRA', 'HTN/FGR', 'IUFD/SB'Patient record It was assigned at Visit 1.
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precise_dyadstringstudy cohort that a participant belongs toPrecise', 'Dyad'Patient record
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participant_statusstringThe recruitment status of the participant throughout the study.Lost-to-followup at postpartum', 'Lost-to-followup at birth visit', 'Lost-to-followup at visit 1', 'Withdrew at visit2', 'Withdrew at visit1', 'Lost-to-followup at visit 2', 'No withdrewal', 'Withdrew at birth visit', 'Withdrew at Postpartum visit', 'Lost-to-followup after visit 1'Patient record
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Visit 1
datetime64[ns]
The date of a participant 1st PRECISE visit at a health facility for her Antenatal Care Visit.Patient record
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Facility1stringThe name of the first health facility in each countryPatient record
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Facility2stringThe name of the second healthcare facility in each country.Patient record
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health_facilitystringThe name of the first health facility the participant visitedPatient recordParticipants with missing facilities are from the DYAD cohort.
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Overall GHSL Modefloat64It refers to the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) modal value. The "Mode" value refers to the most frequently occurring classification of human settlements in a given area based on the satellite imagery and other data sources used to generate the GHSL dataset. This value is then used to classify areas into Urban, Peri Urban and Rural.Satellite ImageryWhere there was no value for the village where the participant came from the value from the facility they went to was used.
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Overall Village ClassstringIt is a metric used to quantify and describe the degree of urbanization in a given area. It is calculated based on the GHSL_mode and urbanisation is grouped using the following criteria. Satellite ImageryWhere there was no value for the village where the participant came from the value from the facility they went to was used. The classification is as follows :
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Facility GHSL_modefloat64It refers to the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) modal value of the Facility. This value is then used to classify areas into Urban, Peri Urban and Rural.Satellite Imagery
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Urban_Index__class_FacstringThe degree of urbanization of a Facility a pregnant woman was attended.Satellite Imagery
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Village GHSL_modefloat64It refers to the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL) modal value of the village. This value is then used to classify areas into Urban, Peri Urban and Rural.Satellite Imagery
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Urban_Index__class_VilstringThe degree of urbanization of a village.Satellite Imagery
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Exposure_PeriodstringIt refers to the month when a woman encountered an environmental exposure during the 9 months of pregnancy. First month (01) being the month of conception.Calculated variableThey had missing GA dates at visit 1
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NDVIfloat64This is a combination of village and facility, where there was no village NDVI value, health facility based NDVI values where used to fill the gaps.Satellite Imagery
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facility_ndvi_modisfloat64Modis satellite derived Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a vegetation index used as a polution proxy for PM2.5 and NO2. It was calculated at Health Facility level. Satellite Imagery
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ERA5_LST_facilityfloat64Land Surface Temperature (LST) derived from the era5 satellite, is a measure of how hot or cold the surface of the Earth is. It was derived at health facility level.
Degrees Celsius
Satellite Imagery
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Precip_facilityfloat64This is precipitation at a health facility from the PERSIANN dataset is derived using satellite observations and machine learning techniques.
Millimetres (mm)
Satellite Imagery
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conception_date
datetime64[ns]
Refers to the day when a sperm fertilizes an egg, resulting in pregnancy. This is the moment when the embryo starts forming, marking the beginning of pregnancy. The date the participants conceived calculated from the visit1 date and the Precise GA days on visit1.1/1/2018Calculated variable based on visit 1 dates and GA days on visit 1 date3109 had missing GA dates at visit 1 and 600 records with missing conception date where from the dyad group
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Longitudefloat64This is the longitude of the village centroid a pregnant woman reported to be coming from prior to the health facility visit.Google maps, Open Street Map, Map Carta2034 village was not mapped and 721 had a village named "other" , 949 Had blank village names and could not be used.
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Latitudefloat64This is the Latitude of the village centroid a pregnant woman reported to be coming from prior to the health facility visit.Google maps, Open Street Map, Map Carta2034 village was not mapped and 721 had a village named "other" , 949 Had blank village names and could not be used.
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Overall Distance1float64This is a combination of population weighted distances and google based distances between the village and facility1 , where there was no population weighted distances, google based distances where used to fill the gaps.
Kilometers (km)
Calculated variable
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Overall Distance2float64This is a combination of population weighted distances and google based distances between the village and facility2 , where there was no population weighted distances, google based distances where used to fill the gaps.
Kilometers (km)
Calculated variable
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Dist_to_fac_visitedfloat64This variable combines population-weighted distances and Google-based distances to the actual facility visited, with Google distances filling gaps where population-weighted data is unavailable.
Kilometers (km)
Calculated variable
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Birth visit - after birth
datetime64[ns]
The date of a participants Antenatal Care visit at a health facility after giving birth .Patient recordSome of the women don’t have a date because the visit 1 date is the day they gave birth some didn’t go to the health facility after they gave birth
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Weighted_distance_to_facility1
float64This is a population weighted distance matrix between the village and facility1 while taking into account the size of the population in each area. This metric gives more weight to areas with higher population densities, meaning that the distance for more densely populated areas will have a greater impact on the overall average distance.
Kilometers (km)
Calculated variable
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Weighted_distance_to_facility2
float64This is a population weighted distance matrix between the village and facility2 giving more weight to areas with higher population densities.
Kilometers (km)
Calculated variable
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meanDEMfloat64It refers to the average height of a village above sea level.MetersSatellite Imagery
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PM2_5float64It is village level fine particulate matter, or particles in the air with a diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less
Micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³)
Calculated variable
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K_meanfloat64It is the amount of Potasium nutrients in the soil of a village boundary.
Parts Per Million (ppm)
Satellite Imagery
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N_meanfloat64It is the amount of soil nitrogen within a village boundary.
Parts Per Million (ppm)
Satellite Imagery
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P_meanfloat64It is the amount of Phosphorus nutrients in the soil of a village boundary.
Parts Per Million (ppm)
Satellite Imagery
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T2MWET_maxfloat64Maximum Wet bulb temperature at 2 mKelvinsSatellite Imagery
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T2MWET_meanfloat64Mean Wet bulb temperature at 2 mKelvinsSatellite Imagery
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T2MWET_minfloat64Minimum Wet bulb temperature at 2 mKelvinsSatellite Imagery
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Google Distance to Facility 1
float64This is a google based distance between a village where a woman is coming from and facility1. It doesn't take into account the population weights and was calculated using google distance matrix.
Kilometers (km)
Calculated variable
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Google Travel Time to Facility 1
float64It is the time it takes to travel from a village centroid to health facility1 based on Googles Distance MatrixCalculated variable
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Google Distance to Facility 2
float64This is a google based distance between a village where a woman is coming from and facility2.
Kilometers (km)
Calculated variable
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Google Travel Time to Facility 2
float64It is the time it takes to travel from a village centroid to health facility2 based on Googles Distance MatrixCalculated variable
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Time_to_fac_visitedfloat64Time taken to travel from a village to the health facility they visited during the study based on Googles Distance.MinutesCalculated variable
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Visit 2
datetime64[ns]
The date of a participant 2nd PRECISE visit at a health facility for her Antenatal Care Visit.Patient record18583 don’t have a visit two date because the visit 1 date is the day they gave birth and 596 are from the dyad group.
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facility_ndvi_landsat8float64Landsat 8 satellite derived Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a vegetation index used as a polution proxy for PM2.5 and NO2. It was calculated at Health Facility level. Satellite Imagery
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ERA5_LST_villagefloat64Village Land Surface Temperature (LST) derived from the era5 satellite, is a measure of how hot or cold the village was.
Degrees Celsius
Satellite Imagery
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Precip_villagefloat64Village precipitation data from the PERSIANN (Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks) dataset is derived using satellite observations and machine learning techniques.
Millimetres (mm)
Satellite Imagery
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vill_ndvi_modisfloat64Modis satellite derived Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a vegetation index used as a polution proxy for PM2.5 and NO2. It was calculated at Village level. Satellite Imagery
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facility_ndvi_landsat7float64Landsat 7 satellite derived Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a vegetation index used as a polution proxy for PM2.5 and NO2. It was calculated at Health Facility level. Satellite Imagery
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BirthVisit_BeforeBirth_Date
datetime64[ns]
The date of a participants Antenatal Care visit at a health facility before giving birth .Patient record22228 don’t have a birth visit date because the visit 1 date is the day they gave birth and 600 missing are from the dyad group.
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vill_ndvi_landsat7float64Landsat 7 satellite derived Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a vegetation index used as a polution proxy for PM2.5 and NO2. It was calculated at Village level. Satellite Imagery
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Postpartum Visit
datetime64[ns]
It is the date when a participant visited a health facility 6 weeks after giving birth.Patient record
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vill_ndvi_landsat8float64Landsat 8 satellite derived Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a vegetation index used as a polution proxy for PM2.5 and NO2. It was calculated at Village level. Satellite Imagery
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Facility3stringThe name of the third healthcare facility in each Gambia.Patient recordOnly Gambia had a Third healthcare facility.
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Overall Distance3float64This is a combination of population weighted distances and google based distances between the village and facility3 , where there was no population weighted distances, google based distances where used to fill the gaps.
Kilometers (km)
Calculated variable
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Google Distance to Facility 3
float64It is the time it takes to travel from a village centroid to health facility3 based on Google's Distance Matrix
Kilometers (km)
Calculated variable
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Google Travel Time to Facility 3
float64It is the time it takes to travel from a village centroid to health facility3 based on Google's Distance MatrixMinutesCalculated variable
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Weighted_distance_to_facility3
float64This is a population weighted distance matrix between the village and facility3 giving more weight to areas with higher population densities.
Kilometers (km)
Calculated variable
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f2a_precise_idstringUnique identifier for each participant/dyad used for linkage across data sources.
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Time of Disease visit
datetime64[ns]
Date and time when the disease visit was recorded.Patient record
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WRNDfloat64Weighted Road Network Density.The density of roads within a specific area, used as a proxy for traffic-related pollution.km/km²
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EuclidianMfloat64The Euclidean distance from each Village to the nearest main road, used as a proxy for traffic-related pollution exposure.
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EuclidianHfloat64The Euclidean distance from each village to the nearest highway, used as a proxy for traffic-related pollution exposure
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Isolationfloat64Refers to the distance from a village to major roads that can be accessed using public Transport.
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f3_year_of_birthfloat64In what year were you born?1983
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f3_month_of_birthfloat64In what month were you born? (month)6
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f3_live_with_alonefloat64Do you currently live alone? (yes, no)1-Yes, 0- No
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f3_number_of_people_live_with
float64How many members does the household have?1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more
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f3_marital_statusfloat64What is your current marital status? (Never married (or single), co-habiting, currently married (and only wife), currently married (one of two or more wives), separated, divorced, widowed)1-Never married (or single), 2- co-habiting, 3- currently married (and only wife), 4 - currently married (one of two or more wives), 5 - separated, 6- divorced, 7- widowed
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f3_fuel_source_for_lightning
float64What is the primary fuel source your household uses for lighting?1 - None/low-voltage electricity from grid (legal or illegal connection),
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f3_source_drinking_waterfloat64What is the main source of drinking water used by members of your household?1-Piped into dwelling/piped into yard or plot
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f3_source_water_cookingfloat64What is the main source of water used by members of your household for other purposes such as cooking and handwashing? (If unclear, probe to identify the place from which members of this household most often collect water for other purposes)1-Piped into dwelling/piped into yard or plot
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f3_water_source_locationfloat64Where is that water source located?1- In own dwelling, in own yard or plot, 2- elsewhere
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f3_time_get_waterfloat64How long does it take for members of your household to go there, get water and come back?1 - Members do not collect, number of minutes, 2-don’t know
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f3_toilet_facilityfloat64What kind of toilet facility do members of your household usually use?1-Flush or pour flush toilet, 2-Ventilated improved pit latrine, 3-Pit latrine with slab,4- Pit latrine without slab, 5-open pit, 6-Composting toilet, 7-Bucket, 8-Hanging toilet or hanging latrine, 9-No facility or bush or field, 10-Other (specify)
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f3_toilet_facility_locationfloat64Location of the toilet facility (e.g., in own dwelling/yard, elsewhere).
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f3_toilet_share_facilityfloat64Do you share this facility with others who are not members of your household?1-Yes, 0-No
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f3_neighbor_help_pregnancy_problem
float64Are there neighbours or other families in your community who would help your household if there were pregnancy related problems?1-Yes, 0-No,99-don't know
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f3_decision_maker_moneyfloat64Who makes the decisions about money in your household?1-husband,2- male partner,3- father,4- father-in-law,5- mother, 6-mother-in-law,7- brother, 8-brother-in-law,9- sister, 10-sister-in-law,11- reproductive age woman,99- don’t know
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f3_woman_has_money_for_transport
float64Do you have access to money/sufficient funds to arrange transport to seek care at the nearest facility?1-Yes, 0-No,99-don't know
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age_enrolmentfloat64Participant age at enrolment
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EthnicitystringWhat is your ethnicity?Caucasian (Origins in Europe, Middle East,North Africa [Arabic origins],Western Russia [including Afghanistan and South Russia] and Hispanics of European origin), Black African (Origins in any of the original peoples of Africa), in The Gambia Mandinka, Wollof, Sarahule, Jola, Fula, Other – specify, in Kenya Kalenjin, Kamba, Kikuyu, Kisii, Luhya, Luo, Maasai, Meru, Mijikenda/Swahili, Somali, Taita/Taveta, Turkana, Samburu, Other – specify, and in Moz Makonde, Yao, Makhuwa, Shona, Tsonga (Ronga, Changane, Tswa), Chope, Bitonga, Chuwabo, Sena, Nyungwe, Other – specify), Asian (Origins in the Indian sub-continent [e.g., India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka], or in the Far East and Southeast Asia [e.g., China, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Thailand, Eastern Russia]), Other (textbox, includes origins not represented above, such as Inuit, Maori, Australian Aborigine, North and South American Native Peoples, Hispanics of Caribbean, Central & South American origin, and Pacific Islanders)]
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religionstringWhat is your religion?
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occupationstringWhat kind of work do you do?housewife, student, professional, factory, large-scale agriculture, market trader, construction, other(specify)
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marital_statusstringWhat is your current marital status?Never married (or single), co-habiting, currently married (and only wife), currently married (one of two or more wives), separated, divorced, widowed
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PPI_scorefloat64Household Poverty Probability Index Score
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extreme_poverty_linefloat64% likelihood below the USAID-extreme poverty line
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poverty_linefloat64% likelihood below the poverty line
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PPI_scoreXstringHousehold Poverty Probability Index Score
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f3_decision_maker_pregnancy
float64Who makes decisions about money related to pregnancy and pregnancy care?1-husband, 2-male partner,3- father, 4-father-in-law,5- mother,6- mother-in-law,7- brother,8- brother-in-law,9- sister,10- sister-in-law,11- reproductive age woman,99- don’t know
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f3_community_help_pregnancy_problem
float64Is there a community group or organisation (formal or informal) that offers help to women who have problems during pregnancy?1-Yes, 0-No,99-don't know
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f3_live_with_partnerfloat64Do you currently live with a partner? (yes, no)1-Yes, 0-No
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f3_live_with_parentsfloat64Do you currently live with a partner? (yes, no)1-Yes, 0-No
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f3_live_with_in_lawfloat64Do you currently live with parents-in-law? (yes, no)1-Yes, 0-No
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f3_live_with_relativesfloat64Do you currently live with other relatives? (yes, no)1-Yes, 0-No
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f3_live_with_friendsfloat64Do you currently live with friends? (yes, no)1-Yes, 0-No
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f3_live_with_childrenfloat64Do you currently live with your own children? (yes, no)1-Yes, 0-No