Taxonomy N°

Road or neighboring properties

Boreal Migrant

only seen at higher elevations

Chocó endemic

IUCN Status

Abundance

Feeding guilds 1

Feeding guilds 2

Notes on Feeding

Parental care

Breeding by

larger than male

Immature is darker than adult, with some buff spotting, the dark bars less distinct above but heavier below

brown areas much deeper rusty in tone, including the lower neck and breast, has variable ochraceous tinge on throat

Immature has small black and white spotting on back and often on underparts; undertail coverts barred

Phalacrocoracidae

Juvenile dark dull brown, pattern of mantle to upperwing similar to adult’s on duller dusky-brownish background, subsequently browner over head and neck, paler on throat to breast, may have pale brownish and diffusely-spotted breast, and whitish throat, mantle to upperwing-coverts paler and greyer, iris dark, gular pouch and gape yolk-yellow, bill largely yellowish horn on mandible and cutting edges; after first moult whitish line surrounding gular pouch and gape becomes noticeable and lower back and rump have green gloss, twoyear old birds much as adult but with fewer or no filoplumes

Male usually larger and has more intense breeding colours than female

Juvenile as non-breeding adult, though sometimes has slightly greyer plumage, with very dark to blackish legs

Male larger than female

Juvenile as non-breeding adult, but yellow bill has blackish tip

Male larger than female

Immatures and nonbreeding adults have duller greenish-yellow feet, this color extending up rear of tarsus to "knee" joint, and paler grayish base of lower mandible

Juvenile normally greyish above and white below, with grey barring on flanks and rump. Subspecies according to variations in pattern and colour, especially in juvenile
males. Also much variation within each subspecies, especially male leucogenis , which has underparts streaked to variable degree on background that ranges from buff-white to ochraceous or even chestnut, and
fringes of scapulars and tertials vary from reddish brown to white; female of this race is identical to that of nominate. Only nominate race has black tear:
male has black band from eye reaching breast level, almost pure white mantle, broad white fringes to scapulars and tertials, black breast, and rest of
underparts ochraceous heavily streaked black (sometimes looking almost all black below); female has cinnamon-red underparts, with grey of crown extending just below eye and to midneck

Juveniles similar, but with less skin folding on head and some downy feathers

Juvenile birds are duller brown in plumage, and have dark grey skin colour on head, with short downy feathers

Both, although mostly female

Juvenile dark brown above, creamy-white below , with white nuchal collar and 3–4 bands in tail; melanistic juvenile all black with whitish bars in tail

averages slightly larger

Immature dark brown, marked lightly or heavily with buff or cinnamon on head, hindneck and upper back; below ochraceous, spotted and streaked with dark brown, thighs finely barred; tail and remiges narrowly barred

average very slightly larger than male

Immature has more conspicuous barring on thighs and faint grey mottling on belly

averages 4% larger than male

Immature similar to adult but has thin white edging to feathers of nape, mantle and upperwing coverts

Immature streaked white or tawny on neck and upper back; underparts white to buff, streaked on breast and barred on belly with variable shades of brown

Juveniles have proportionately longer tails with more numerous (7 or 8) bands visible; each band approximately the same width, lacking the wider, darker subterminal band of the adult. Juvenile light morphs may have tawny, buffy, or orange-buffy feather edges throughout breast, belly, and undertail coverts. Juvenile dark morphs have underparts mottled with small white spots to larger white streaks

averages c. 10% larger

Immature dark above, lightly tinged with brown; head streaked with white; below variably brownish-black or greyishwhite, sometimes barred or mottled with buff on belly and legs

Immature extensively white below , recalling adult and
immature of Spizastur melanoleucus, but lacks black mask and has more black on flanks and underwings; iris pale yellow; progression to adult plumage gradual, apparently taking more than one year; occipital crest becomes black, and black barring on flanks and thighs becomes more prominent

browner above with grey-brown mantle ; below buff barred with brownish grey;
significantly larger than male (5–26% in size and perhaps 60% by mass)

Immature has two morphs: greyish brown above with paler feather edgings and dark crown, buff below, with fine cinnamon-rufous barring; or bright rufous above, with dusky barring on back and wings, reddish buff below barred with reddish brown (adult too said to have rufous morph)

Immature streaky dark brown above, white with dark brown streaks below, and characteristic rufous thighs

needs confirmation

also seen eating fruit

Immature tends to be more brownish than adults, varying from white to cinnamon-buff below, with more or less barring; some white spotting on uppertail-coverts in Amazonian race concentricus; usually has yellow cere,
lores and orbital ring, and brown to yellowish iris

much larger , averaging 18% (6–32%) in size and 64% (20–124%) in mass

Juvenile duller and browner above ; throat more buff-coloured; tawny tinge to barring on breast; undertail-coverts with black bars or spots

Only Falco in which juveniles resemble adults in sexually dimorphic plumage; juvenile males generally have breast more heavily spotted and streaked than adult males

Juvenile similar to adult, but wing and tail feathers washed with rufous-brown, and mottled with blackish brown

Juvenile similar to adult, with less developed wattle

Juvenile similar to adult, but duller and has incompletely
feathered throat

Odontophoridae

Plant material and seeds as well

sides of head darker and duller chestnut, and eyering blue-black

Juvenile similar to female, but with duller crest; back with white or buffy shaft streaks, belly spotted and barred with black; bill reddish brown

Odontophoridae

Plant material and seeds as well

Juvenile dull brown , with duller reddish-chestnut crown-sides, face and scattered feathers over breast, as well as reddish bill and greenishgrey legs

Juvenile similar to adult, but iris yellowish, not red, and plumage overall browner

females usually have larger spots extending farther down the lower belly than those of males

Female duller overall

purplish tinges less intense, neck spots more conspicuous

Juvenile duller with purple tinge much reduced; rusty edges to wing-coverts and breast feathers, and sometimes some other feathers

slightly duller with upper throat paler and underparts less purplish

Juvenile duller than female, upperparts browner; hindneck and sides of neck greyish to drab brownish; wingcoverts, scapulars, crown, rump and uppertail-coverts have feathers edged with various shades of cinnamon

Indigo-crowned Quail-Dove

mostly olive-brown where male is chestnut, with greenish sheen; buff of male suffused dusky olive in female; bare parts paler than male

Juvenile paler throughout than adult with chestnut or buffy tips to interscapulars, scapulars and proximal secondaries; uppertail-coverts and rectrices tipped cinnamon-rufous

Female less grey than male

Juvenile coarsely barred tawny and fuscous on upperparts and underparts

less reddish brown, pink and grey areas duller

indistinguishable from male, but usually slightly duller, less vinaceous on forehead, neck and upper breast; hindneck usually bronzy and less often purplish

Juvenile much duller than adult; narrow pale brown fringes to scapulars and wing-coverts; breast light greyish brown with fine pale buffy brown fringes to feathers; no gloss on hindneck

less red in wing, dull green on head

Immature like female with reduced facial pattern

in captivity female only

Immature similar to adult, but has less red on primary-coverts

Immature has rosy pink restricted mostly to ear-coverts, rest of face greenish

Immature green on head and breast, undertail-coverts yellowish green

Immature has head and upperparts greenish, underparts browner

insects, small vertebrates, eggs, berries, fruits

Juvenile rectrices narrow, whitish tail spots large but indistinct, eye-ring grey, bill black above and grey below

Juvenile grey-brown above, darker grey below, wings rufous or blackish, no white on tail, iris brown, bill dark to black, feet black

Juvenile more rufous, crown black with buff spots (not streaks), buff spots on back and upperwing-coverts, underparts buff with fine black bars, belly white with small dark spots (not streaks)

Brood parasite

Juvenile bill smaller

Juvenile is similar to adult, or more heavily spotted

Juvenile with short ear-tufts, dark facial disc, white body plumage, mixed pattern on wing-coverts

Females tend to be larger than males

Juvenile mostly buffy to cinnamon, barred with dusky
above, facial area whitish, bill pinkish; like Pulsatrix, has series of immature plumages

Juvenile with facial disc blackish, body completely white, wing-coverts barred grey-brown; several plumage stages before whiteness lost, can take up to 5 years to reach adult plumage

Juvenile whitish

Immature similar to adult, but male has thinner white
wing-bands and female has tawny bands

Immature similar to adult, but upperparts and wing-coverts have brownish-white feathers, boldly spotted tawny with blackish-brown tips, primaries broadly tipped
brownish-white mottled brown, and all tail feathers narrowly tipped greyishbrown mottled brown

Juvenile shows extensive white fringing to body feathers and mottled collar

Juvenile very similar to collarless form of female in both
plumage and structure; has narrow white fringes to remiges and small wingcoverts, and sometimes a partial collar

shorter and slightly decurved bill, shorter wings, more greyish underparts, and longer tail with prominent narrow central rectrices

Immature as female, with ochraceous edges to uppertailcoverts

slightly more decurved bill and shorter wings

Immature has light ochraceous margins to feathers of upperparts, giving a scaly appearance

longer wings, less intensely coloured throat and breast, more pointed central rectrices with broader margins than male

Juvenile resembles adult female, but has rump and back rufous (unlike female, which has back bronzy green and rump rufous) and cinnamon tipping to body feathers, wing-coverts and secondaries

shorter wing than male

Immature has light tips to remiges (mostly secondaries), and narrower rectrices than adult

Wedge-billed Hummingbird

Juvenile similar to adult female but with brown-edged head feathers

frontlet usually smaller and sometimes lacking, underparts greyer on average, grey tips to rectrices usually broader

Immature with brown fringes on feathers of head and lower back

Immature resembles adult female

Immature similar to adult female, but head feathers edged buff

Immature similar to adult female

In young male, plumage varies from essentially female-like, but with more white in the tail, to male-like with
more black in the tail; both female and young male sometimes show buffy stripes on malars and centre of rump; young female similarly variable but usually with less white in tail, often more bronzy on throat and chest

Immature has no iridescent coloration, feathers fringed buff

larger in all dimensions except bill length

Young bird differs from adult in showing broad cinnamon-buff to dull rufous borders to most of dorsal feathers and in having the blue-violet auricular patch largely or entirely replaced by darkish grey

Immature male dull, dark bronzy-green on crown and underparts with chin and malar area, sometimes entire throat, in striking contrast bright buff; tail shorter and less deeply forked. Immature female has green spotting below duller, throat as young male

Immature male with head, throat and breast dull, dark bronzy-green, centre of throat dusky grey; lores, chin and sides of throat bright buff; golden green of belly duller and bronzier, tail shorter than adult. Immature female has throat buffy like male, green feathers below with buffy fringes and duller than adult

greyish subterminal bars on throat feathers, and white belly

Immature darker greyish towards belly

Immature male resembles female in crown coloration, also has brownish feather borders on entire upperparts; greyish-brown on flanks