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MN BenchmarkMN TextNGSS PENGSS TextOpenSciEd unit(s)Necessary modifications
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9L.1.1.1.1 Ask questions to clarify relationships about the role
of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for
characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring. (P: 1,
CC: 2, CI: LS3)		HS-LS3-1Ask questions to clarify relationships about the role of DNA and chromosomes in coding the instructions for characteristic traits passed from parents to offspring.B.3
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9L.1.2.1.1 Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis. (P: 3, CC: 7, CI: LS1)HS-LS1-3Plan and conduct an investigation to provide evidence that feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis.B.3
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9L.1.2.1.1 Use a computational model to support claims for the cycling of matter and flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem.** (P: 5, CC: 5, CI: LS2)HS-LS2-4Use mathematical representations to support claims for the cycling of matter and flow of energy among organisms in an ecosystem.B.2
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9L.2.1.1.1Apply concepts of probability to explain and predict the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population. (P: 4, CC: 3, CI: LS3)HS-LS3-3Apply concepts of statistics and probability to explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a
population.		B.3
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9L.2.1.1.2Apply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait. (P: 4, CC: 1, CI: LS4)HS-LS4-3Apply concepts of statistics and probability to support explanations that organisms with an advantageous
heritable trait tend to increase in proportion to organisms lacking this trait.		B.4
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9L.2.2.1.1 Use a computational model to support or revise an evidence-based explanation for factors that have ecological and economic impacts on different sized ecosystems, including factors caused by the practices of various human groups.** (P: 5, CC: 3, CI: LS2)HS-LS2-1Use mathematical and/or computational representations to support explanations of factors that affect carrying capacity of ecosystems at different scales.B.19L.2.2.1.1 incorporates aspects of HS-LS2-1, HS-LS2-2, HS-LS2-6, and HS-LS2-7
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9L.3.1.1.1Develop and use a model to illustrate the levels of organization of interacting systems and how that translates into specific functions in multicellular organisms. (P: 2, CC: 6, CI: LS1)HS-LS1-2Develop and use a model to illustrate the hierarchical organization of interacting systems that provide specific functions within multicellular organisms.B.3
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9L.3.1.1.2 Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms. (P: 2, CC: 2, CI: LS1)HS-LS1-4Use a model to illustrate the role of cellular division (mitosis) and differentiation in producing and maintaining complex organisms.B.3
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9L.3.1.1.3 Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy. (P: 2, CC: 4, CI: LS1)HS-LS1-5Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy.B.2
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9L.3.1.1.4 Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process in which energy from food is used to create new compounds. (P: 2, CC: 5, CI: LS1)HS-LS1-7Use a model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed, resulting in a net transfer of energy.B.2
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9L.3.2.1.1 Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of the proteins that carry out the essential functions of life. (P: 6, CC: 6, CI: LS1)HS-LS1-1Construct an explanation based on evidence for how the structure of DNA determines the structure of proteins, which carry out the essential functions of life through systems of specialized cells.B.3
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9L.3.2.1.2 Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how various elements combine with carbon to form molecules that form the basis for life on Earth. (P: 6, CC: 5, CI: LS1)HS-LS1-6Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules.B.2
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9L.3.2.1.3 Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence about the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration (including anaerobic processes) in the cycling of carbon among the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. (P: 6, CC: 7, CI: LS2)HS-LS2-5Develop a model to illustrate the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the cycling of carbon among
the biosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and geosphere. 		B.2
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9L.3.2.1.4 Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: reproduction within a species, heritable genetic variation of individuals in that species, competition for limited resources, and increased survival and reproduction of the individuals best suited for the environment. (P: 6, CC: 2, CI: LS4)HS-LS4-2Construct an explanation based on evidence that the process of evolution primarily results from four factors: (1) the potential for a species to increase in number, (2) the heritable genetic variation of individuals in a species due to mutation and sexual reproduction, (3) competition for limited resources, and (4) the proliferation of those organisms that are better able to survive and reproduce in the environment .B.4, B.5
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9L.3.2.1.5 Construct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to the adaptation of populations. (P: 6, CC: 2, CI: LS4)HS-LS4-4Construct an explanation based on evidence for how natural selection leads to adaptation of populations.B.4, B.5
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9L.4.1.1.1 Evaluate evidence for the role of group behavior on an individual’s and species’ chances to survive and reproduce. (P: 7, CC: 2, CI: LS2)HS-LS2-8Evaluate evidence for the role of group behavior on individual and species’ chances to survive and reproduce.B.1, B.4
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9L.4.1.1.2 Make and defend a claim based on evidence that heritable genetic variations may result from (1) new genetic combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and/or (3) mutations caused by environmental factors. (P: 7, CC: 2, CI: LS3)HS-LS3-2Make and defend a claim based on evidence that inheritable genetic variations may result from: (1) new genetic
combinations through meiosis, (2) viable errors occurring during replication, and /or (3) mutations caused by
environmental factors.		B.3
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9L.4.1.1.3 Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in (1) increases in the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of other species. (P: 7, CC: 2, CI: LS4)HS-LS4-5Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in environmental conditions may result in: (1) increases in
the number of individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time, and (3) the extinction of
other species.		B.4, B.5
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9L.4.2.1.1 Communicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence. (P: 8, CC: 1, CI: LS4)HS-LS4-1Communicate scientific information that common ancestry and biological evolution are supported by multiple lines of empirical evidence.B.5
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9L.4.2.2.1 Obtain and communicate information about how Minnesota American Indian Tribes and communities and other cultures construct solutions to mitigate threats to biodiversity.* (P: 8, CC: 7, CI: LS2, ETS1)uniqueB.2This unit considers the importance of Indigenous fire management practices. Additional work may need to be done in later units, such as B.4 and B.5, to integrate this thinking with a broader understanding of biodiversity and apply more specifically to Minnesota communities.
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See note on 9L.2.2.1.1HS-LS2-2Use mathematical representations to support and revise explanations based on evidence about factors affecting
biodiversity and populations in ecosystems of different scales.		B.1
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See note on 9L.2.2.1.1HS-LS2-6Evaluate claims, evidence, and reasoning that the complex interactions in ecosystems maintain relatively consistent numbers and types of organisms in stable conditions, but changing conditions may result in a new ecosystem.B.1, B.5
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See note on 9L.2.2.1.1HS-LS2-7Design, evaluate, and refine a solution for reducing the impacts of human activities on the environment and
biodiversity.*		B.1, B.5
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uniqueHS-LS2-3Construct and revise an explanation based on evidence for the cycling of matter and flow of energy in aerobic
and anaerobic conditions.		B.2
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HS-LS4-6Create or revise a simulation to test a solution to mitigate adverse impacts of human activity on biodiversity. *B.4
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