A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | |
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1 | Table 1. Involvement of Protease In Diseases | |||||||||||
2 | Route of entry | Mode of transmission | Pathogen | Disease | Type of pathogen | Proteases | ||||||
3 | Mucosal surfaces Mouth and respiratory tracts | Inhalation or ingestion of infective material (e.g. saliva droplets, spores) | Measles virus | Measles | Paramyxovirus | serine protease | ||||||
4 | Influenza virus | Influenza | Orthomyxovirus | serine proteases | ||||||||
5 | Varicella-zoster | Chickenpox | Harpesvirus | serine protease | ||||||||
6 | Epstein-Barr virus | Mononucleosis | Harpesvirus | serine protease | ||||||||
7 | Streptococcus pyogenes | Tonsilitis | Gram-positive bacteria | serine, metallo- protease | ||||||||
8 | Haemophilus influenzae | Pneumonia,meningitis | Gram-negative bacteria | serine, metallo- protease | ||||||||
9 | Neisseria Meningitidis | Meningococcal meningitis | Gram-negative bacteria | IgA specific serine endopeptidase | ||||||||
10 | IgA specific metallo endopeptidase | |||||||||||
11 | ||||||||||||
12 | Gastrointestinal tract | Contaminated water or food | Rotavirus | Diarrhea | Rotavirus | protease native to the host gut | ||||||
13 | Hepatitis A | Jaundice | Picornavirus | trypsin-like serine proteases | ||||||||
14 | Salmonella enteritidis | Food poisoning | Gram-negative bacterium | PgtE-outer membrane protease | ||||||||
15 | S. typhimurium | |||||||||||
16 | Vibrio cholerae | Cholera | Gram-negative bacterium | haemagglutinin/protease | ||||||||
17 | Salmonella typhi | Typhoid fever | Gram-negative bacterium | cystein proteases caspase-1 | ||||||||
18 | ||||||||||||
19 | Reproductive tract and other routs | Sexual transmission / infected blood | Hepatitis B virus | Hepatitis B | Hepadnavirus | V8 protease | ||||||
20 | Human immunodeficiency | Acquired immunodeficiency | ||||||||||
21 | virus (HIV) | syndrome (AIDS) Retrovirus | Retrovirus | Retroviral aspartyl protease | ||||||||
22 | ||||||||||||
23 | Sexual transmission | Neisseria gonorrhoeae | Gonorrhea | Gram-negative bacterium | IgA specific serine endopeptidase | |||||||
24 | Treponema pallidum | Syphilis | Bacterium (spirochete) | Metalloprotease | ||||||||
25 | ||||||||||||
26 | Oppurtunistic Pathogens | Resident microbiota | Candida albicans | Candidiasis, thrush | Fungus | Aspartyl Proteinases | ||||||
27 | ||||||||||||
28 | Resident lung microbiota | Pneumocystis jirovecii | Pneumonia | serine protease | ||||||||
29 | ||||||||||||
30 | ||||||||||||
31 | External surface | Physical contact | Trichophyton | Athlete’s foot | Fungus | serine-protease | ||||||
32 | ||||||||||||
33 | Wounds and abrasions | Minor skin abrasions | Bacillus anthracis | Cutaneous anthrax | Gram-positive bacteria | Immune Inhibitor A1 protease | ||||||
34 | Puncture wounds | Clostridium tetani | Tetanus | Gram-positive bacteria | Metalloendopeptidase | |||||||
35 | Handling infected animals | Francisella tularensis | Tularemia | Gram-negative bacterium | serine protease | |||||||
36 | ||||||||||||
37 | Insect bites | Mosquito bites | Flavivirus | Yellow fever | Virus | flavivirus protease NS3 | ||||||
38 | (Aedes aegypti) | |||||||||||
39 | Deer tick bites | Borrelia burgdorferi | Lyme disease | Bacterium (spirochete) | HtrA protease | |||||||
40 | Mosquito bites (Anopheles) | Plasmodium spp. | Malaria | Protozoan | Serine Proteases | |||||||
41 | ||||||||||||
42 | Skin penetration | Skin contact | Strongyloides stercoralis | strongyloidiasis | parasite | Serine Proteases | ||||||
43 | Streptococcus pyogenes | rheumatic fever, sepsis, | streptococcal dehydrogenase | |||||||||
44 | severe soft-tissue invasion | Gram-positive bacteria | streptokinase | |||||||||
45 | Yersinia pestis | plague | Gram-negetive bacteria | transmembrane proteases, | ||||||||
46 | plasminogen activator protease | |||||||||||
47 | Borrelia burgdorferi | Lyme disease | spirochete | serine protease | ||||||||
48 | ||||||||||||
49 | Corneal penetration | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Corneal Keratitis | Gram-negetive bacteria | metalloprotease, alkaline protease | |||||||
50 | Serratia marcescens | Corneal Keratitis | Gram-negetive bacteria | 56-kilodalton (kDa) protease | ||||||||
51 | ||||||||||||
52 | Dental inflammation | Porphyromonas gingivalis | Peridontal Disease | Gram-negetive bacteria | cysteine proteinases | |||||||
53 | ||||||||||||
54 | Intestinal dysentry | Entamoeba histolytica | amebic dysentery | anaerobic parasitic protozoan | cysteine proteinases | |||||||
55 | ||||||||||||
56 | Inactivation of Complement protein system | Streptococcus, Serratia, | multiple diseases | Gram-positive bacteria | Streptococcal C5a protease, | |||||||
57 | Inactivation of immunoglobulin g (IgG) | Pseudomonas, Entamoeba | multiple diseases | Gram-negetive bacteria | Candida acid protease, Entamoeba | |||||||
58 | histolytica, Porphyromonas | multiple diseases | fungus, amoeba | cysteine protease complement | ||||||||
59 | Candida albicans | Candidiasis | protein - C3, immunoglobulin g (IgG) | |||||||||
60 | IgA1 protease, Serratia | |||||||||||
61 | Marcescens 56K protease, | |||||||||||
62 | Candida protease | |||||||||||
63 | ||||||||||||
64 | Cleavage of kininogen | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | multiple diseases | Gram-negetive bacteria | Elastase, Lys-gingivain | |||||||
65 | Porphyromonas gingivalis | Peridontal Disease | ||||||||||
66 | ||||||||||||
67 | Depletion of protease inhibitor | Serratia, Pseudomonas, | multiple diseases | Elastase, Serratia 56K protease, | ||||||||
68 | Candida, Aeromonas | fungus | Serine protease | |||||||||
69 | Salmonicida | control gene expression | Gram-negetive bacteria | |||||||||
70 | ||||||||||||
71 | Bradykinin cascade activation | Serratia, Pseudomonas, | diarrheal disease, cholera | Gram-positive bacteria | Metalloproteases, aspartyl | |||||||
72 | Candida, Entamoeba | multiple diseases | Gram-negative bacterium | proteases, cysteine protease | ||||||||
73 | histolytica,Vibrio cholerae | fungus | ||||||||||
74 | ||||||||||||
75 | Plasmin-catalyzed plasmin generation | Streptococcus pyogenes, | fibrinolysis | Gram-positive bacteria | Streptokinase-activated | |||||||
76 | Staphylococcus aureus | autoproteolytic conversion | ||||||||||
77 | ||||||||||||
78 | Plasminogen activator- catalyzed plasmin generation | Yersinia pestis | bloody diarrhea | Gram-negative bacterium | Microbial plasminogen activators | |||||||
79 | Escherichia coli | severe anemia, | Gram-negative bacterium | Microbial plasminogen activators | ||||||||
80 | ||||||||||||
81 | Activation of host matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) | Porphyromonas gingivalis | Peridontal Disease | Gram-negetive bacteria | Microbial plasminogen activators | |||||||
82 | ||||||||||||
83 | ||||||||||||
84 | Proteases those activates microbial toxins | Bacillus anthracis, | Cutaneous anthrax | Gram-positive bacteria | Immune Inhibitor A1 protease | |||||||
85 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | multiple diseases | Gram-negetive bacteria | Elastase, Lys-gingivain | ||||||||
86 | ||||||||||||
87 | Microbial toxin itself a protease | Clostridium botulinum | botulism | Gram-positive bacteria | Botulinus toxin, Tetanus toxin | |||||||
88 | Clostridium tetani | Tetanus | Gram-positive bacteria | |||||||||
89 | ||||||||||||
90 | Diabetes | Matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs], | ||||||||||
91 | plasmin, and elastase | |||||||||||
92 | ||||||||||||
93 | Hypertension | Aspartyl Protease Renin | ||||||||||
94 | ||||||||||||
95 | Hepatitis C | Hepatitis C virus | Hepatitis C | Virus | NS3/4A | |||||||
96 | ||||||||||||
97 | Alzheimer's disease | Memapsin | ||||||||||
98 | ||||||||||||
99 | Rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis | Cysteine, | ||||||||||
100 |