| C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | PDA North America Official List of Parent Recommended Education Providers | |||||||||||||||||
2 | First name (and email if you are open to being contacted by another parent/guardian): | what kind of educational platform is this? | What educator are you personally qualifying as a PDA-affirming location? | City | State (if remote only leave blank) | Location of Educator | In your perspective, what makes the school/education program/platform PDA-affirming? | If you're a parent, are you open to another parent/guardian contacting you about your child's experience in this program? If so please list your name & email here: | Any extra information would you like to be published on our list? (email, website, phone number...?) You need to include this information here if you want it published on the website! | Is there anything else that we should know about the program/educational offering? | Website/Contact for Educational Provider | Is remote learning an option? | ||||||
3 | Caitrin | Peggy Wilson Elementary School - Mrs. Nace (kindergarten) | Houston | Texas | Mrs. Nace has been wonderful to my son. She is patient and understanding. She is very responsive to me and sensitive to what my son needs at school. She has learned about PDA through me and has done a great job accommodating him. | caitrinbenavides@gmail.com | ||||||||||||
4 | Cindy Beth shawneechild@gmail.com | Pentwater Public Schools | Penwater | Michigan | They are trying HARD to understand and accommodate PDA. If you have ideas, they are willing to trial them. They affirm its validity and will accept resources and work with parents on trialing methods to support the PDA child. We even went to half-day schedules, but our son's burnout was too intense by that point, and he currently self-schools but dream softball returning to his small class (only 18 per grade) and school someday. Our only sticky situation was homework. | shawneechild@gmail.com | ||||||||||||
5 | Elizabeth | The Wolf School | East Providence | Rhode Island | Wolf is a school for complex learners with a variety of neurodivergent profiles in their student population. Most of their practices are deliberately neuro-affirming, though they are new to being educated anout PDA specifically, and how some practices that work for Autistic kids don't work for PDA kids. That said, they are open to learning and have begun a journey of educating staff. Diana Gould met with one teaching team this past year, and the school social worker and head of school are on board for learning more and training all staff. | eaquincy@gmail.com | www.thewolfschool.org | This program is for "complex learners" Each child has their own learning plan. There is an OT and ST regularly in the classroom. They incorporate movement breaks into the day. Small class sizes and even smaller breakout groups for academics. | ||||||||||
6 | Christine | argyle school district Hilltop Elementary | Argyle | Texas | The school was very receptive to my suggestions when explaining what worked and did not work for my child. I provided the special education teacher the educators guide to Pathalogical demand avoidance. What I liked about this book as it was an easy read and could be done in a couple of hours. Teachers feedback was I see how the things we are doing were mentioned in the book. This year we will be getting a new special education teacher and my child is sad because they had a great report. I am hopeful that we can continue to collaborate. Relationships and having a teacher that is low stress and low anxiety are so helpful and we have been lucky that we have had that. | enslin.family@gmail.com | The special education department is fairly new in our school district. While they grow I hope they are able to continue to listen and work with parents and children. | |||||||||||
7 | Mercedes | Advocacy & Consultation Center for Educational Student Supports, LLC (A.C.C.E.S.S.) | A.C.C.E.S.S. not only supported me with getting supplemental training for PDA, onto my child’s IEP, but they also work directly with my child for tutoring. We have seen great progress! | mlawson425@gmail.com | www.accessyouredu.com , access.your.education@gmail.com , (630) 319-8250 | A.C.C.E.S.S. Provides special education advocacy services for kids in public schools, tutoring, and homeschooling services. | ||||||||||||
8 | Nicole | Children's Institute for Learning Differences | Renton | Washington | The follow Dr Ross Greene's approach, in that children do well, when they CAN, and look for their lagging skills, and how to help them develop those skills better. | nicolemeigui@gmail.com | Childnow.org | They work with the goal of helping students to integrate back into a traditional classroom environment, so while they are K-12, they are not set up to educate students for their entire K-12 journey. | ||||||||||
9 | Julie DeFilippo | Root Nutrition Group | Danvers | Mass | The dietitians at Root identify as ND and incorporate research and understanding of PDA into their approach to supporting feeding differences. Our RD, Jayln Sedor, supports my son’s ARFID and PDA by removing “food rules,” never forcing exposure, and embracing his strengths as a PDA child. The provider has been really one of the only services we have found that really offers neuro affirming and PDA affirming approaches and environment. | juliembolduc@gmail.com | Contact info here: https://www.rootnutrition.net/ | |||||||||||
10 | Jana | Boundary Elementary | North Vancouver | BC | Natasha Dash. She’s an LST teacher who has taught herself about PDA and uses low demand approaches. She is empathy incarnate. Sadly she is moving from our current school Capilano Elementary to Boundary Elementary for Sept 2024. | janaminor@gmail.com | everydaybouquets.ca janaminor@gmail.com 647-993-9250 | |||||||||||
11 | Cristy - youniversalwellness01@gmail.com | Del Mar Elementary School | Morro Bay | California | The open discussions of PDA, willingness to learn about it (principle, classroom teachers, resource specialist) and IEP accommodations. | youniversalwellness01@gmail.com | ||||||||||||
12 | Jacquie jfptak@yahoo.com | Marissa Bennett Consulting (ABA Therapy) | Northbrook | Illinois | They understand what PDA is and have some neurodivergent BCBA’s who are also PDA’ers | jfptak@yahoo.com | No | No | ||||||||||
13 | Celeste celesterobertsmartin@gmail.com | Self Design Learning Foundation | Vancouver | BC | We are enrolled in the Suppot Services program, and alongside our Learning Coordinator (BC certified teacher,) we fully participate in designing and putting into motion the learning plan, IEP, uses for funding, etc. We find Self Design to be accommodating of our kiddo's fluctuating capacity, open to autodidactic learning, happy to support new and different ideas, and 100% supportive of our kiddo, who is in burnout currently. Our kiddo's interests form the basis of everything and there is not a prescribed curriculum, worksheets, mandated reading, etc. The child and their family are the ones in control of what learning looks like. Without Self Design, we wouldn't be experiencing any sort of school success. | celesterobertsmartin@gmail.com | celesterobertsmartin@gmail.com | https://www.selfdesign.org/ There are typically waitlists, so sign up and get on it asap if you are interested | ||||||||||
14 | Owen | Urban Montessori Charter School | Oakland | California | They have been extremely accommodating and loving toward my child who has challenging "behaviors" such as violence and elopement. They created emergency protocols to lock down the school if any child is attempting to elope, so they don't need to be chased or further triggered. The school employs their own special education team full time, and they are the ones who first brought PDA to my attention as a parent. The classroom expectations have been lowered to basically just being there and doing something, which I strongly believe has reduced school refusal, (and has also allowed my child to explore their own creative interests.) Most other students are also positive toward my child, which tells me that the general atmosphere of the school is affirming and accepting. Most staff and students also accept my child's gender-neutral pronouns and name choice. | james.lemur@gmail.com | email james.lemur@gmail.com | it's Montessori based but not as "strict" as other programs I've heard about. They bend their rules for students who need something different. Classrooms are mixed ages. TK/K, grades 1-3, grades 4-5, plus middle school. They are trying to expand into having a preschool program. All kids can move around, eat when they need to, go to the bathroom, change what they are doing, etc. There is high autonomy in general. Montessori has a lot of life skills in the curriculum. Every classroom has a pet, including chickens for the middle school. The actual campus is a dismal concrete slab which we have been slowly covering with large garden boxes. | ||||||||||
15 | Indu | Big minds unschool online | Bay Area | California | Unschool, at home. Really good staff. Principal is extremely knowledgeable and very helpful to parents and kids alike. Other parents with similar challenging kids. | indu_nek@hotmail.com | ||||||||||||
16 | Jessica - jessica.kallaugher@gmail.com | Franklin Elementary School | Reisterstown | Maryland | This is a public elementary school. They have a wonderful IEP team. The school psychologist, social worker, special educator, OT, and homeroom teacher and even the principal were all open to learning about PDA and what working with us to help our son enjoy school again and start to thrive (2nd grade). This was coming out of burn out in 1st and months of home an hospital at a private school which failed badly. They took the time to build relationships, showed lots of flexibility, and started fresh each day. We have been so grateful for them! | jessica.kallaugher@gmail.com | ||||||||||||
17 | Sophia (sstamato@bard.edu) | Epic Academy | Brooklyn | New York, NY | The director Katerina Watson and her teachers are incredible. They know how to allow PDA students to feel safe, respected in their need for autonomy, and at the same time supported. The school is very small, organized around a routine the students buy into and understand, and it is trauma-informed in that “behaviors” are treated as expressions of an unmet need. Understanding of those needs is key instead of ABA and other behaviorist techniques. The kids clearly feel ownership over their learning. For the parents the school is also amazing in that the teachers do not panic when there are more difficult days. We feel like we have a team in the teachers. | sstamato@bard.edu | It is small and needs support! | https://abetterschool.org/ | ||||||||||
18 | info@stlsudbury.org | St. Louis Sudbury School | St Louis | Missouri | Low demand, democratic, student-led learning | Everyone is welcome! | Stlsudbury.org | |||||||||||
19 | Erika eleloff@icloud.com | Ann Arbor Academy | Ann Arbor | Michigan | They teach my child in the way he needs to be taught and accommodate his needs throughout the school day. After switching him to Ann Arbor academy I stopped receiving regular phone calls about behavioral issues, he recovered from the public school trauma, developed friendships with other kids at the school and was actually able to learn and participate in class willingly. | eleloff@icloud.com | Ann Arbor Academy is a private school but they do offer financial assistance for tuition. Don’t let the tuition deter you, apply for the financial aid. | I cannot say enough good things about this school and the positive change it has had on my child and our family. My child actually enjoys going, has close friends and his personality has really developed. He is able to be himself and be happy. | https://www.annarboracademy.org/ | |||||||||
20 | Kelly | Grand Rapids Montessori | Grand Rapids | Michigan | I just went through the process of completing an IEP for my daughter. Through our journey of discovering that my daughter has (undiagnosed) PDA, her teacher and the rest of the staff have been AMAZING. They have accommodated her, done their own research on the best teaching styles and communication strategies. | kellytigers38@gmail.com | https://grps.org/schools/elementary/gr-montessori/ | |||||||||||
21 | Annie | Desert Dragon School | Tucson | Arizona | We are designing the school for students with neurodivergences and specifically PDA--- lots of autonomy, flexibility, small, and personalized! | info@desertdragonschool.org | info@desertdragonschool.org, www.desertdragonschool.org | www.desertdragonschool.org | ||||||||||
22 | Brook | My Tech High | OR, UT, CO | Remote | It supports homeschoolers and provides federal funding for education, while maintaining flexible check ins. You get to choose how you teach subjects but you can also use their classes as well. | webdebutante@yahoo.com | Info@mytechhigh.com | https://www.mytechhigh.com/ | Yes | |||||||||
23 | Self Directed Education Resource Directory | all over | all over | SDI is Education that derives from the self-chosen activities and life experiences of the learner. | https://www.self-directed.org/resource/self-directed-education-facilitator-2/ | all over - check directory | ||||||||||||
24 | Mindy | District 27 | IL | Northbrook | Elizabeth Kramer, the behaviorist and instructional trainer for the district had a strong knowledge base. She supported my son and his teachers. Many of the teachers understood strategies to make him feel like a confident learner. Each year they are adding more amazing supports like sensory rooms, etc to the building. | Mbachrach55@gmail.com | This is a public school so while they are accommodating it is a high demand academic and community which creates stress. | https://www.nb27.org/ | No | |||||||||
25 | Evelyn | Evelyn Cordova, private tutor, online homeschooling | As a mom of an 11-year old PDA’er, I know the importance of child-led education. | European Speech and Language Pathologist, specialized in education, with over 10 years of experience in teaching. Mom of 11 yo PDA’er. 956 243 0402 Leave a voicemail, I will call you back. | I don’t offer a specific program, rather I can help educating your child based on your family’s needs. Everything is flexible. I don’t follow test standards, but I follow the pace and interests of your child. | Yes | ||||||||||||
26 | Briana | NeuroQuest Enrichment Center | CA | San Diego | They only hire neuroaffirming teachers and train them in Ross Greene's PDA approaches. Their classes are low demand and they specialize in helping autistic and ADHD children, especially those with PDA. They are also going to start offering trainings in PDA for parents soon. | Yes | info@neuroquest.io | https://neuroquest.io/ | no | |||||||||
27 | Cate cate.ufford@gmail.com | Quantum LEEP Academy | IL | Chicago | Their entire focus is on neuro-affirming education that is tailored for each individual, which is a great start. Incredibly supportive and collaborative staff that takes a relational and play-based approach that is flexible and child-led. They are learning about PDA and coming up with great creative ideas to support my son's status, autonomy, and felt safety throughout his day, and it's really shifted things for him. Since it's a therapeutic school he can access Speech, OT, and other therapies throughout the day in ways that simply feel like playtime (low demand) and those providers know him (and each other) well. They are constantly communicating and shifting as his needs or interests lead. He is genuinely cared for here, and has friends and staff members that he loves. This is a truly amazing place. | Yes | https://www.quantumleepacademy.com/ | no | ||||||||||
28 | Yes | The Learning Community International | TLCI understands PDA. Their curriculum is based on self-directed learning where students choose topics to master educational skills. It is a remote program with a variety of modalities and a flexible schedule. They brought in a special education consultant and a psychiatrist who is familiar with PDA to advise on my daughter's support needs. It is a great alternative to fully unschooling and virtual programs that require set attendance. | Yes | Contact Executive Director, Nancy De Luca Stempel at nstempel@tlcischool.org | The program is a private accredited school in Maryland - but supports students across the United States and globally. | https://tlcischool.org/ | Yes | ||||||||||
29 | Lynne lynnecolecounseling@gmail.com | Worldmind | Colorado | Denver | The staff here is absolutely amazing and does a fantastic job of supporting all students with their unique Neurodiversities. The school is nature based and allows for learning in academics with a focus on trauma informed social emotional growth. All the kids are able to show up in their full authentic selves and are respected and empowered. | lynnecolecounseling@gmail.com | https://worldmindeducation.org/ | The best school for neurodiverse learners! It has changed my sons life! | https://worldmindeducation.org/ | No | ||||||||
30 | Mardy mardy.schicker@gmail.com | Dr. Kirsten Railey, PhD, Powers Ferry Psychological Associates | Georgia | Marietta (metro Atlanta) | She had training in London and recognizes PDA. She asked me to complete the EDA-Q (extreme demand avoidance questionnaire), she will add PDA profile to the psychological report | Yes | https://atlantapsychologist.com/dr-kirsten-railey/ | not sure | ||||||||||
31 | KenLyn | Two-Rivers School District | Arkansas | Ola | IEP team is wonderful and always listening to the parent. My son is 9, non verbal, EXTREME task performance anxiety, Self Injurious, Sensory issues, tactile defensive,and elopement risk. This is a tiny school and not only is he the ONE Autistic child that is non- verbal there BUT also the only one with PDA. His SPED teacher has went above and beyond offering extended school year (ESY), IEP’s, self- contained classroom with his own bathroom and quiet room, Specialized transportation with an entire full sized bus to come get him, and she communicates with me DAILY. Mrs. Palmer . He also has a 1:1 Para with him. Melissa who is wonderful too! His OT there is experienced with Sensory Integration and PDA. Take it from me, pick the small districts!!!! | Yes | trgators.org | They will accommodate! They know your rights, and they will GLADLY help you. They will let your child lead! Opportunistic learning and clear visual schedules. Very very structured | No | |||||||||
32 | Emily | Rock Tree Sky | California | Ojai | Self-directed learning environment, neurodiversity and PDA-affirming staff | ekroening@gmail.com | https://www.rocktreesky.org/ | No | ||||||||||
33 | lauren thebrownsonclark@gmail.com | The Randolph School | NY | Wappingers Falls | this school values autonomy and choice and teaches from a master/apprentice standpoint in many ways. they see each child for who they are and find the best ways to spark that love of learning in whatever form that takes. the teachers and staff are passionate, authentic and creative, wanting to joyfully engage their students and collaborate on exciting experiments, side quests and projects. classes have between 2-3 teachers and stay in smaller groups offering more opportunities for 1:1 support/check ins throughout the day. they are gentle in any discipline, helping kids find different choices and being communicative with parents to collaborate on how to best support the kiddos. teachers are involved in helping problem solve social problems, working with both students, in the moment, to provide social scripts to help navigate the situation by genuinely hearing the kids and helping them come to a resolution with support, as needed. kids are mixed ages in classroom settings, so kids learn from each other naturally, there's more respect for their peers (knowing that they're teachers as much as they're learners) and there's a natural diversity in skill progression so no one feels like they're the sore thumb that's behind. this is an all-weather school where nature is a big focus, kids are able to be grounded by being outside and in partnership with nature (they tap maple trees and make maple syrup, tend to a garden and cook their bounty when ready for harvest; plant trees annually for graduating students; caretake chickens, etc.). they have lots of autonomy in choice throughout their day where they are in charge of how they spend their time ("choice time"), there are movement breaks and heavy work, even hammocks for kids to take a break in. they are curious in ways they can best support kids so they can be regulated and open to learning. learning happens at a slower pace with subjects being explored more in depth. there is a sizable number of neurodiverse students that go there so kids' ND identity becomes more neutral or positive-affirming, knowing that they have the safe support to learn without bullying and a kinship for others whose brains work similarly. | yes thebrownsonclark@gmail.com | i created and co-run a neurodiverse support group with other families at the school so there's extra outside support and community. | https://www.randolphschool.org/ | no | |||||||||
34 | Krista | AMPed Hybrid Academy | MI | Farmington Hills | Each student has a Personal Education Plan, 6 to 1 facilitator to student ratio, each child gets an Ipad, sensory room for breaks, no need to ask for a bathroom break. Parent lounge on site for work from home parents. No required seating, bodies are free to move and fidget while listening. | krista.m.contreras@gmail.com | https://amped.education/academy/ | https://amped.education/academy/ | Hybrid - 2-3 days in person a week. | |||||||||
35 | Emily / emily.henry@cypressspeaks.com | Cypress Speaks Speech Therapy | Texas | Cypress | At Cypress Speaks, we are neuro-affirming. We believe ALL brain types are valuable. Regarding PDA specifically, we are here to assist PDAers navigate relationships, interactions, schools, etc. as their most authentic self. We are here to assist with the paradigm shift with parenting and supporting PDAers (neurodiverse individuals in general) more appropriately versus trying to fit them in a "neurotypical" world. | Yes | Cypress Speaks; emily.henry@cypressspeaks.com; www.cypressspeaks.com; 281-246-0004 | I'm the owner of Cypress Speaks Speech Therapy. PDA is a passion of mine, not only professionally, but personally as well. My 6 year old son is Autistic PDA and in Kindergarten. We have started our school journey and I would like to help educate not only parents but schools in Texas as well. | www.cypressspeaks.com | Yes | ||||||||
36 | Sarah Seidel | Sprouted Sage | Michigan | Ann Arbor | Sprouted Sage offers a First Roots Therapeutic Day Program. This is a full-day therapeutic Applied Behavioral Analysis program in a school-like setting for children with ASD up to the time they will transition to kindergarten (12 months-6 years). Children may also receive OT and ST. They are familiar with demand-resistant profiles of ASD as well as PDA. Teachers and clinicians have taken the time to learn more about PDA and the strategies to help demand-resistant and demand-avoidant children. They currently integrate these strategies into their work with my child. Note: this is a medical facility offering ABA therapy and takes insurance; however their goal is to help children successfully transition to kindergarten in a public school or other school. | saraheseidel@gmail.com | Children who are 12 months - 6 years of age with an ASD diagnosis; they also support families in obtaining IEPs or 504 plans. | https://sproutedsagecenter.com/ | No | |||||||||
37 | etyroler@gmail.com | Nicole Baucom | NC | Durham | Nicole offers options for my children to do whichever projects they enjoy doing and never forces them to do anything. If they say, let’s do something else, they have more engaging projects ready. If they say my kids say they are done, Nicole respects that. Because Nicole focused on intentionally rapport-building with my children while assessing their strengths and interests, they are skilled at offering projects that excite and entice my children. | Absolutely | Email is fine. My website is littlewildlight.com but I don't think it is relevant to my testimonial! Would prefer my phone number not be published. | Nicole’s math tutoring serves both childeen who need additional academic support and children who are gifted and need enrichment. My children, who are hard to impress, look forward to seeing Nicole every single week. | https://www.mathcanmakesense.com/ | Unknown but has done zoom with me | ||||||||
38 | Elizabeth, eparks424@gmail.com | Embark Center | VA | Leesburg | As a self-directed education center, Embark offers members (attendees) the opportunity to choose what the classes are and if to attend them. Embark uses a restorative justice program that helps members take responsibility for their actions and learn to work with each other to give community feedback. Embark has an open "campus" that fosters member independence. Andrea and Catina are empathetic and welcoming, and meet difficulties with a pragmatic optimism that encourages members to learn and progress. Members, many of whom have had bad experiences at schools in the past, joke about building a commune so that they never have to leave. | eparks424@gmail.com | https://embarkcenter.org/ | No | ||||||||||
39 | Rebecca | The Embark Center | Va | Leesburg | Self-directed learning center. One of two mentors is a PDAer. They are small and use a very member driven approach to running the center. My 13 yo PDAer has been there for almost a year and only missed a few days and doesn’t want to be late! | Rorris@gmail.com | 103 Loudoun St. SW Leesburg, VA 20175 540-277-3172 info@embarkcenter.org | It is for ages 9-18. The two leaders attended the PDANA conference in College Park! | Embarkcenter.org | No | ||||||||
40 | Center for Young Children - University of Maryland | MD | College Park | Non-behaviorist, child-led, project-based learning. Teachers are welcoming of different kinds of brains and behaviors in children. Very low teacher to student ratio because they employ university students as aides in the classes. Children are allowed to be children, expectations are aligned with child development, and relationships are valued and important. You can observe your children in the classroom because it is a lab school so they have observation rooms. | Preschool (3-4 years) and kindergarten only | https://education.umd.edu/research/centers/cyc | No | |||||||||||
41 | Tami tmeer3@comcast.net | New Leader Academy | Illinois | Streamwood | They don't ask about behavior. There campus and supports are vast. (Music, crafts, pets) They care about helping students with regulation ahead of education. | I am a therapist who has had 2 clients who have had positive experiences. I am happy to talk to families. I believe calling the program directly will be helpful and not frustrating. | They have open houses and parent support groups. They understand that families know their children the best. | https://www.newleaderacademy.org/ | I believe N/A | |||||||||
42 | Amanda | The Howard Gardner School | VA | Alexandria/Dulles | The school has a non-traditional approach to learning and meets each student where they are. They start school at 10am and are intentionally small, with a low student-to-teacher ratio. I have found them to be low-demand in their approach, leaning in to a child's special interests as needed. They are also open to accepting technology (phones, computers) if a child would like to bring them to school. | amanda@familyandchildtherapy.com | https://www.thehowardgardnerschool.com/ | No | ||||||||||
43 | Trynn trynnlucille@gmail.com | Jenna Holdaway: OT @ Milestones on the Go | VA | Charlottesville | Jenna works collaboratively to design an OT plan alongside her PDA clients, working as an equal partner and building in special interests effortlessly. She understands the diagnosis and accommodates beautifully, working as a team with child, parents, and other therapists. | trynnlucille@gmail.com | Jenna is an occupational therapist. | https://www.milestonesonthego.com/ | No | |||||||||
44 | Trynn trynnlucille@gmail.com | The SEED Collective | VA | Charlottesville | Megan Kegley (the speech language pathologist) and Ione Clarke (the resident in counseling) both embrace PDA clients and their needs. They understand the autism profile and offer low-demand learning opportunities that are intrinsically interesting, so clients make wonderful progress. They are enthusiastic, warm, and dedicated to working as a team with the child, parents and other service-providers. | trynnlucille@gmail.com | speech-language pathology, social skills, counseling | https://www.seedcollectiveco.com/home | No | |||||||||
45 | Angela | Bellevue School District | WA | Bellevue | Michelle leads workshops and trainings on PDA and PDA learners. | Bsd405.org | ||||||||||||
46 | Melissa Dilmaghani | Longview School | NY | Brewster | The Sudberry model works well for many PDA students as it is a self-led education model and the school admin and staff are trauma informed, Ross Greene’s CPS model trained, and PDA trained. They meet each child where they are at and it is amazing. | melissadilmaghani@gmail.com | https://longviewschool.org/ contact heather@longviewschool.org | https://longviewschool.org/ | Yes | |||||||||
47 | Melissa Dilmaghani | Longview School | NY | Brewster | The Sudberry model works well for many PDA students as it is a self-led education model and the school admin and staff are trauma informed, Ross Greene’s CPS model trained, and PDA trained. They meet each child where they are at and it is amazing. | melissadilmaghani@gmail.com | https://longviewschool.org/ contact heather@longviewschool.org | https://longviewschool.org/ | Yes | |||||||||
48 | Carrie, carrie@risereimagined.org | Heartland Charter School | CA | Flexible, child-led, they support unschooling, and provide appropriate IEP support. Our special education teacher and Speech Therapists are outstanding, take time to build rapport with students, incorporate their special interests into learning and listen to parent input. Heartland is a charter for homeschoolers, they purchase all school supplies, art supplies and enrichment classes like horse riding, art, music, gymnastics, etc | Yes, carrie@risereimagined.org | The flexibility and so many options at Heartland has helped my children recover from their public school trauma and starting wanting to learn! | https://heartlandcharterschool.com/ | yes, remote learning and in-person enrichment classes | ||||||||||
49 | Katherine | Macomber Center | Massachusetts | Framingham | Self directed education offers maximum autonomy to kids! This has been a really wonderful, nurturing and exciting environment for our PDA-er. Ben Draper and Denise Geddes, who founded Macomber, both experienced the Sudbury Valley School in its early days and are wonderful resources. | katherine.c.spencer@gmail.com | https://macombercenter.org/ | no | ||||||||||
50 | Krista | I would like to redact my recommendation of AMPED Hybrid Academy. | MI | Farmington Hills | It actually is not. My non-pdaer has now been suspended twice for fairly minor behaviors, my PDAer, is in a different class room, and her teacher is much better however, she was recently suspended for calling a kid a jerk. | no | ||||||||||||
51 | Perry Nix | Discovery Circle | Texas | Richardson | Discovery Circle was developed for PDA kids and teens. Discovery Circle is a self-directed, play-based educational community that empowers learners to take charge of their own learning journeys. Rooted in neuro-affirming principles, Discovery Circle provides a low-demand, adaptable, and nurturing educational environment that embraces individuality. | Yes | info@discoverycircle.org | The Board of Directors are parents of PDA kids. The program runs two days a week with plans to expand to 3 days a week in the future. | www.discoverycircle.org | No | ||||||||
52 | Lorri (lorrispath@gmail.com) | Discovery Circle | Texas | Richardson | Discovery Circle was created for PDA kids and teens. Discovery Circle is a self-directed, play-based educational community that empowers learners to take charge of their own learning journeys. Rooted in neuro-affirming principles, Discovery Circle provides a low-demand, adaptable, and nurturing educational environment that embraces individuality. | Yes- lorrispath@gmail.com | info@discoverycircle.org | The Board of Directors are parents of PDA kids. The program runs two days a week with plans to expand to three days a week. | www.discoverycircle.org | No | ||||||||
53 | chrysanthe.courniotes@gmail.com | Military Road Early Learning Center (MRELC) | District of Columbia | Washington | The entire early childhood faculty, administration, and staff have worked tirelessly to ensure that my daughter has been provided with the services she needs to meet her IEP goals and her overall temperament when she is at school is quite regulated. I know that my child is genuinely loved at MRELC and she is excited to go to school everyday. | Yes | https://sites.google.com/dc.gov/militaryroadelc/staff | https://sites.google.com/dc.gov/militaryroadelc/home | No | |||||||||
54 | Jana | Wild Roots Learning Community | TX | Denton | Personal autonomy always respected | Yes | Free school/unschool community | No | ||||||||||
55 | Re.imaginaries Preschool | OR | Portland | Instructor is a PDAer with their own PDA kid; has been very receptive to working with us to support and accommodate our own kid. | Kgleaie@pm.me | Small group, fully outdoors, masks required. | https://thereframecollective.com/preschool | No | ||||||||||
56 | abarcott@yahoo.com | Fairhaven School | MD | Upper Marlboro | Self directed learning along with democratic, student led governance. Son still struggles with social challenges, but is able to attend and participate! | abarcott@yahoo.com | https://www.fairhavenschool.com/ | No | ||||||||||
57 | Mel | The Clearwater School | Wa | Bothell | This is a Sudbury/democratic free school. Because the model draws ND students including PDA students they are actively working to understand neurodiversity and how to be neuro-affirming. | Melissaandaaronlee@gmail.com | https://clearwaterschool.com/ | Yes | ||||||||||
58 | Tutor | Literacy Link Therapy LLC | Virtual or Columbia, SC for in person | Provider is a PDAer experienced in working with other PDAers | info@literacylinktherapy.com 803-200-1928 | Tutoring (any location) for literacy (Orton-Gillingham), math, and science; speech/language evaluations/therapy and dyslexia evaluations for SC, NC, and VA | facebook.com/literacylinktherapy | Yes | ||||||||||
59 | Jessica Schneider | Tutor | Jessica Schneider | Chesapeake, VA | Connection first, consequences second. | Jesshschneider.com | Jessicastutoring.com | Yes | ||||||||||
60 | Cory Greenberg | Virtual School | We have several teachers with their masters in SPED and extensive experience with autism and PDA. | Virtual/nationwide | At Pacific Preparatory, we recognize that students with Pathological Demand Avoidance (PDA) often thrive in environments that emphasize collaboration, autonomy, and relationship-based learning. Our 1:1 model allows us to deeply personalize instruction and build strong, trust-based connections between teacher and student. Rather than relying on rigid expectations or traditional behaviorist approaches, we focus on flexibility, co-regulation, and honoring the student’s need for control and safety. We work closely with families and outside professionals to understand each learner’s profile, adapting our pace, teaching style, and expectations accordingly. This often means offering choices, negotiating goals together, and finding creative, low-demand ways to re-engage students who have experienced school-based trauma or burnout. Our instructors are trained to approach resistance with curiosity and compassion, not compliance. We see student autonomy not as a barrier to learning but as a pathway to authentic engagement and growth. | Main email is info@pacificpreparatory.org, or families can fill out this request form and it will prompt them to schedule a call. https://www.pacificpreparatory.org/request-consultation/ | For families homeschooling under a Private School Affidavit or charter, we offer enrichment tutoring that doesn’t require credit or grades—allowing for even greater flexibility in pacing, content, and approach. This non-accredited option can be especially supportive for PDA learners, as it removes external demands and enables us to focus entirely on connection, curiosity, and student-led engagement. | www.pacificpreparatory.org | Yes | |||||||||
61 | Monique brooklyngirl818@gmail.com | Tutor | Myself | Tampa FL | I have PDA. I have a daughter with PDA. I am also a Special Education teacher ♥️ | 347-307-1581 PDA tutor ages 5-10 | Sense Able Academy is beyond amazing! | https://www.homeschool-life.com/4547/ | No | |||||||||
62 | Elizabeth Leslie | Option 7 | Dr.Shiela Katz | Petaluma, Ca | Works on therapies on how others hear the person with PDA as most don’t hear/realize how they sound. As well as using tool box tools. | Yes, Elizabeth Leslie annegirl198@yahoo.com | Dr.Katz is amazing | drkatzpsych@gmail.com | Yes | |||||||||
63 | Jewel jewelccc5@gmail.com | Tutor | self | Medford, Oregon | I am a trained SPED educator with three PDA children. I have and currently homeschool all 3 of my children. | jewelccc5@gmail.com, 512-576-6532 | I am available for virtual learning opportunities and creating individualized plans to support students' individual needs and interest. | jewelccc5@gmail.com | Yes | |||||||||
64 | Tori warewithall@gmail.com | Microschool | Therapeutic Learning Center- Maria Bagby | Solona Beach, California | The Director, Maria Bagby, is very PDA informed. She's read a lot of books. Her and her staff meet each child where they are at individually. They don't force anything. They use declarative language. They have a neuroscience background and treat each child as an individual. They create a lot of novelty in their day. They practice strewing of objects that the child can engage in if they choose. They really understand that PDA kids have the choice to say no, and that's ok. They want to help kids connect learning to their special interests. They don't make the kids say Ms this or Mr that. It's first name basis which helps create that feeling of equality between themselves and the kids. They are curious about each child and they are not trying to shove anyone into a diagnosis to box. it's been a breath of fresh air! | Tori Sellon warewithall@gmail.com | Maria Bagby: maria@therapeuticlearning.com | https://therapeuticlearning.com | No | |||||||||
65 | Dana | Microschool | Heartwood Therapeutic Learning Community | Malvern, PA | Has a classroom specifically designed for PDA profile student. They utilize project based learning, and prioritize relationship over compliance. Classrooms are staffed by special education teacher/PDA friendly mental health therapist, OT, and speech therapist and they all work from a DIR lens. My child has thrived at Heartwood! | If you would like more info from me as a parent-please reach out to the school and they will connect us! Admin@heartwoodtlc.org | www.heartwoodtlc.org | www.heartwoodtlc.org | No | |||||||||
66 | Marcia hadath2004@yahoo.com | Self-Directed Learning | Bridge Academy Your Natural Learner | All of US, Canada, and 25 countries | The head of the school, Leah McDermott, is very PDA-affirming. In one of her recent Q&A sessions, she had Journeys with PDA as guests and invited parents to submit PDA questions. Here is the YouTube link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9MZUJIbWzY. The school has a large neurodivergent student population, with an ever increasing PDA population. | Marcia hadath2004@yahoo.com | The school provides the documentation, including transcripts, high school diploma, letters of recommendation, school IDs, and more plus resources, and a Facebook community. Parents can educate their children from one extreme of a rigid homeschool structure to the other extreme of complete unschooling. The head of the school unschools her own children. This is our first year at Bridge Academy, and it has been a true life saver. The school prioritizes healing from school trauma and burnout over academic work. They believe healing is learning. | https://bridgeacademy.us/ | Yes | |||||||||
67 | Maria (mariaplinden@gmail.com) | Homeschool Co-op | Mustard Seed Academy | Miami, FL | Mustard Seed is a neurodivergent-affirming, low demand space. Educators and aids understand PDA and are able to create a safe environment rooted in connection and radical acceptance of each kids’ learning and engagement pace. They also offer monthly parent workshops. Previous workshops include polyvagal theory and declarative language. | Yes, Mari Linden, mariaplinden@gmail.com | https://www.mustardseedacademy.org/ | No | ||||||||||
68 | Virtual School | Young Scholars Academy | online | Very flexible approach, created for neurodivergent learners | https://youngscholarsacademy.org/ | Yes | ||||||||||||
69 | Shevi | Homeschool Co-op | Alison Snieckus - Raritan Learning Cooperative | 168 Main St, Flemington, NJ | Alison Snieckus is a mentor at Raritan Learning Cooperative, a home school cooperative based on Self-Directed Learning (SDL - the idea that humans thrive when granted the autonomy and tools to act on their curiosity, motivation, and drive to expand their horizons). This approach is well-suited to the PDA mind. Beyond the approach, Alison has extensive awareness and knowledge of PDA, as well as familiarity, and experience with PDA teens. I have witnessed Alison connecting with PDA teens, and promoting a sense of safety and a drive to learn in them. | Yes. Shevi312@hotmail.com | Check out https://raritanlearningcooperative.org/ | alison@raritanlearningcooperative.org | No | |||||||||
70 | Tami | Special Education School | New Leader Academy | It no longer is | Last year I asked to put New Leader Academy on the school spreadsheet because they were wonderful. Since then the Principle died of cancer. (So sad. He was a kind/gentle man and created a beautiful program.) My client that has a child there says the program has changed dramatically. (and they are changing schools next year.) Unfortunately I no longer feel comfortable recommending them. | No one | ||||||||||||
71 | My name and email are included, but I am requesting that they be removed. | Self-Directed Learning | St. Louis Sudbury School, as I've previously submitted. However, I am completing the form again with requested/suggested edits to the information. | St. Louis, MO | Previously stated as "no demand..." but would recommend editing the listing to state "low demand, democratic, student-led learning". They have recently had information available specifically for PDA parents letting them know what demands may be present upon visiting/enrollment. | No, not as this time. My child is no longer attending due to personal/health reasons. But I would still recommend they stay on the PDA-affirming educator list for parents to contact directly. | I recommend the following be added, if possible: school email: info@stlsudbury.org / school phone: 314-270-2488 | The school is small but looking to grow. They currently have a unique location in the shared space of an arts center (Intersect Arts) in south St. Louis city. | stlsudbury.org | No | ||||||||
72 | Kaitlynne Vasquez, LMHC, PMH-C | Maynard, Mass | Kaitlynne is a a parent of a PDA'er and Licensed Mental Health Counselor providing support to parents. | www.MaynardTherapy.com | Yes | |||||||||||||
73 | Demica | Special Education School | Seattle Children's Playgarden | Seattle Washington | This school focuses on supporting and including all forms of disabilities. They are focused on inclusion, meaning that they have mixed classrooms. This is mixed age and also a minimum of 50% of the children identify as having a disability whether physical or neurodiverse. They have an outstanding child to teacher ratio. All the teachers are well versed in whole minded practices, declarative language, and child lead play/learning. They are very receptive to working with OT, parents, and other support entities to ensure a successful expereince for the child. They work with families and children to provide children the support and autonomy they need to be successful. | Demica - Demica.Linsten@gmail.com | Seattleplaygarden.org | Their age group is preschool aged, they offer preschool and summer camps. Plus in the summer families can visit on Friday and Saturday to expereince a staffed play time. The whole school is fenced on an acre, with a full garden, animals, and so much more for the children to explore. It is a great place for any neurodiverse or physical disability family to enjoy and feel comfortable. | https://seattleplaygarden.org/ | No | ||||||||
74 | Angela | Virtual School | Young Scholars Academy | https://youngscholarsacademy.org/ | They offer courses appealing to the students' special interests and are neurodivergent focused. | Angela, amadual@gmail.com | Online only. They are in California, so sometimes the class hours are not the most convenient for those in the ET. | https://youngscholarsacademy.org/ | Yes | |||||||||
75 | Liza | Special Education School | Otto Specht School | Chestnut Ridge, NY | Otto Specht School is designed to meet the needs of students with developmental delays, social and sensory sensitivities, and learning challenges. The staff is trained in PDA-affirming strategies, and many of the students identify as PDAers. The school is very small, extremely flexible, and has been an absolute life-saver for my family! | Liza, lizabaron@gmail.com | https://www.ottospechtschool.org/ | No | ||||||||||
76 | Kristina House - kristina@passagescentre.ca | Self-Directed Learning | Kristina House, Spencer Munro | Toronto, ON (Danforth) | Our environment is a low-demand school where the youth direct their days and engage in their education as they choose. We are a democratic space where the young people create the rules through our youth-led weekly community meeting. | I am a parent, but also the founder/ED. I can offer parent contacts who can speak to our program if someone is interested. | info@passagescentre.ca www.passagescentre.ca (437)451-8099 | Passages Centre is an alternative school and an alternative approach to life and education. Families enrol with us as their child's school. | www.passagescentre.ca | No | ||||||||
77 | Stephanie - psychnini@splatllc.org | Public School | School Psychologist | Fort Washington, PA | There are providers who recognize and are willing to assess for and treat children with Autism that have a PDA profile. | I am a parent of a child with PDA as well as a professional in education and in the private sector. I am happy to provide any support and ask any questions another parent may have. | Please contact me if you have suspicion of PDA and live in the county and I can provide referrals to support you. | These are preschool age services. Early identification and intervention is the key! | private: splatpsych.org - please reachout via email for public school information | Yes | ||||||||
78 | Sandra | Microschool | To the Moon Education | St. Peters, MO | Small setting, flexibility, responsiveness to student needs, and willingness to follow student lead | https://tothemooneducation.com/ | Yes | |||||||||||
79 | Amanda | Self-Directed Learning | Ms. Mandy: Education Specialist and Homeschool Support | Los Angeles County | "Ms. Mandy" is a credentialed teacher and has extensive experience navigating classroom expectations or norms. However, she is been in the homeschool world for over a decade, functioning as a homeschool consultant for families who have left the classroom model. Mandy has three children- high school, middle school, and elementary school. Two of her three children are neurodivergent, one is diagnosed as AuDHD, PDA profile. Mandy has mentored hundreds of families find their own unique learning path outside of school walls. She has extensive experience with unschooling and de-schooling as well as exceptional insight into how to navigate the CA Independent Study system ("homeschool charters" and how to obtain and maintain an IEP within that system, use educational funding, and navigate the work sample requirements that these services hinge on and often become tricky for PDA learners. Mandy offers tutoring with children as needed- mostly virtual and is open to becoming a vendor through the Regional Center or through a charter. That said, the thing she specializes in is supporting parents create and maintain their own learning path for their unique learners. This may entail outside of the box lesson planning, weekly parental check-ins, interviewing tutors or mentors on behalf of a family, and supporting parents as they try to "baptize" their own brain into this new way of education- often the most challenging part as a parent new to the homeschool world! Mandy has a decade of niche insight into the offerings found in LA County, but has worked with familied from all over the country. Her motto is, "Connection before curriculum"- which, she believes is the most important part of any educational approach- but especially for our PDA community! | Yes! Mandy offers a free, absolutely no pressure, half hour consultation. (I am placing myself on this list.) | www.happyhomelearning.com or on Facebook: www.facebook.com/homeschoolexpert TEXT ONLY between 9am and 7pm: 424-222-1563 | Mandy also offers PDA staff trainings for educators, mentors, and teachers who want to know more about PDA and what it may look and feel like in an educational setting. | www.happyhomelearning. com | Yes | ||||||||
80 | Brian | Tutor | Brian Ellis | New York | As a father of a PDA son and an educator, I offer online tutoring services for English language arts and executive skills. | Dr. Brian Ellis, Ed.D., DrBrianEllis@icloud.com, NYS Professional Teaching Certificates - English language arts (7-12), Special Education (7-12), Business | DrBrianEllis@icloud.com | Yes | ||||||||||
81 | Amanda | Self-Directed Learning | Frog Creek Adventure School | Los Angeles: Rancho Palos Verdes, CA | This program is not a school nor a co-op, rather it is a homeschool learning center. It is child-centered and self-directed. The children meet in the morning, then gather for lunch, and say goodbye on "the blanket" in the forest. Besides that, children roam the forest with mentors who oversee their safety and engage with them as needed. Staff has requested and received training on PDA from Ms. Mandy (also on this list) and are actively working toward accommodating all children where they are at. Children are able to bring one-on-one aides if needed. This is not an academic program in a typical sense, it is a true forest school where children discover, connect, create, and invent in the (mild) wild. | Amanda mandyschutt@yahoo.com | Calls back can sometimes be slow- the director is on site nearly every day and tech is not out for mentors, which she is. Call or email again if needed. | This program comes with the innate dangers of outdoor learning- stings, falls, scraped knees, etc. Frog Creek is a magical literal creek in the forest with crawdads, tadpoles, and fish- fallen logs, and wild cherry trees. | https://www.frogcreekadventureschool.org/ | No | ||||||||
82 | Amanda | Microschool | Play Mountain Place | Culver City (Los Angeles County) | PMP has a non-authoritative, humanistic approach. | https://www.playmountain.org/ PMP is very small and a tour of the school is required before parents can fill out an application. | A wonderful place for all children. Teachers are non-judgmental. | https://www.playmountain.org/ | No | |||||||||
83 | David | Tutor | David Glick | Marietta GA, Acworth GA. | We are a group of qualified educators and terapists involvd with the neurodivergent cause. | I'm not a parent. | email: info@triadpsych.org Tel: 470-338-3488 | I'm diving in your website. | www.triadpsych.org | Yes | ||||||||
84 | Lesley (Lesley.Capuana@gmail.com) | Kathleen (Kate) Coffman, M.S. Ed., Rooted Beginnings LLC | Rooted Beginnings, 10593 Main Street, Clarence, NY 14031 | Kate is exceptional. She is not only a DIR Floortime expert but also a neurodiversity- and PDA-affirming provider. I have an autist PDA daughter who is now in the 3rd grade. From the ages 2 to 5, she attended a child-led, played-based early childhood education program that prioritized social-emotional development. She was the only neurodivergent child in her cohort. She thrived there and loved school and learning. She transitioned to public school for Kindergarten and was placed in a general education classroom with a very thorough, detailed, neurodiversity-affirming IEP. However, by the start of 1st grade, she was in full blown burnout, and we were forced to shift to homeschooling. This shift has proven to be a better fit for her, but the negative impacts of her brief experience at public school linger to this day. We found Kate in the midst of our daughter’s burnout from school, and she became a literal lifeline of support, encouragement, and hope, not only for our daughter but for our entire family. Her perspective and approach are grounded in her DIR Floortime expertise. As such, she prioritizes her relationship with my child over my child’s behavioral compliance. She focuses on supporting my child’s regulation - via co-regulation and sensory support - because she understands that learning, development, and growth can only happen if a child is regulated. She also meets my child where she’s at, recognizing that my child’s availability and abilities can vary greatly based on current demands (visible and invisible) and sensory challenges she’s facing on a given day. She is an incredible source of support for PDA children and their families. | Yes, I am open to connecting. My name is Lesley (Lesley.Capuana@gmail.com) | I think I have included all of the relevant information regarding my recommendation in the above fields. | Kate is a DIR Floortime expert, and she offers a variety of activities and events for PDAers and other neurodivergent children and their families, including stay and plays, homeschool groups, social get togethers for kids, camps, etc. She provides a sensory-friendly environment and utilizes a low-demand approach where activities are organized as invitations (never forced). She prioritizes connections and relationships with children over behavioral compliance, recognizes the importance of promoting and supporting regulation, and provides neurodiversity- and PDA-affirming support to children and families. | rootedbeginningswny@gmail.com, https://rootedbeginnings.org/ | ||||||||||
85 | Katherine | Tutor | Katrina | New West | Katrina is keen to assist people with autism and the PDA profile. She loves learning and is very interested in the individual. | Katherine Katherine.montana@gmail.com | http://www.reflectandgrow.org/ | |||||||||||
86 | Sharon Snider; yes, other guardians can contact me. | Tutor | Katrina Ewanchuk | New Westminster | Katrina is very gentle, insightful and attuned to the learner's nervous system regulation. She attempts to meet the learner where they're at and works to connect with the learner. She is highly collaborative, open to feedback and willing to try different/recommended strategies to support the learner. | Sharon Snider, sharonsnider106@gmail.com | reflectandgrow.org | Yes | ||||||||||
87 | Aleta C Shepler | Self-Directed Learning | Alison Sny | Flemington, NJ | As a grandmother and unschooling facilitator, I've had the privilege of watching Alison Snieckus work with my granddaughter, who has a Persistent Drive for Autonomy profile. Alison served as her self-directed education mentor for a full year at Raritan Learning Cooperative — helping shape her learning goals, finding resources for her genuine interests, and navigating the particular terrain of a young person who needs to come to things entirely on her own terms. Alison has a rare instinct for meeting a learner without pressure or performance, which is exactly what PDA families know is hard to find. The moment I'd want every parent to hear is how Alison helped open up math. Math had become a fraught subject — weighted with family anxiety and accumulated resistance. Rather than approaching it directly, Alison brought in the Seeing Eye puppies she raises. My granddaughter, who couldn't easily receive instruction herself, discovered she could offer encouragement freely: *"That's a good dog. What a sweet boy!"* Watching her learn to guide a puppy through its demands unlocked something in her — gently, sideways, on her own terms. That is Alison's gift: she finds the door you didn't know was there. I have offered to speak personally with families who'd like to hear more about our experience. --- A few small things to confirm: I assumed "Raritan" (the cooperative's full name) — please correct if I've misspelled it. And let me know if you'd like your name or contact information included at the close, or if the directory handles that separately. | aletashepler@gmail.com Aleta Shepler | N/A | The RLC has a number of options for attendance. Wednesday are days for apprenticeships or service projects. Fridays are field trips. | info@raritanlearningcooperative.org | Yes | ||||||||
88 | Colin DeWitt cdewitt@thetitusschool.com | The Titus School | New York | New York | The school offers special education services to students aged 5 to 21 and is located in lower Manhattan. Please feel free to reach out to Colin if you are interested in learning more about The Titus School’s approach. | cdewitt@thetitusschool.com | ||||||||||||
89 | NYS Decision Making Curriculum | A free, inclusive decision making curriculum for all students. | Availble for all NY State Schools (unschool, home school, etc) | Thanks to a New York Council on Developmental Disabilities grant, we’ve created a team of eight full time and adjunct faculty members at CUNY Hunter College with particular expertise in curriculum writing, special education, bilingual education, and the education of those with intellectual and developmental disabilities. | ||||||||||||||
90 | FUSE School | https://www.fuseprogram.com/ | Lexington, MA | they hired an adult PDAer to teach! | it's only pre-k-1st grade | https://www.fuseprogram.com/ | ||||||||||||
91 | ||||||||||||||||||
92 | ||||||||||||||||||
93 | ||||||||||||||||||
94 | ||||||||||||||||||
95 | ||||||||||||||||||
96 | ||||||||||||||||||
97 | ||||||||||||||||||
98 | ||||||||||||||||||
99 | ||||||||||||||||||
100 |