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1 | FORESTRY | ECOLOGY | GENETIC RISKS AND BENEFITS | SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 | Country (no other text) | EU or Non-EU (choose option) | Species (latin name - choose from options) | Common name | Species comments (any additional information, i.e. "and its hybrids") | First Introduction to the country (50 years range - choose from options) | Knowledge about number of sites/locations (choose from category) | Area (preferably numerical, if not descriptive) | Total forested area (ha) per country (data from SoEF, 2020) | Species distribution area (SDA) (single number calculated as Area/Total forested area) | Area category (choose from options) | USES IN FORESTRY Use only from these KEYWORDS separated by a ",": seed source, nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production, bioenergy, non-timber products, soil recultivation, urban forestry; | Interest for forestry (1:Low to 5:High) | Uses in forestry (free comments) | ECOLOGICAL RISKS AND BENEFITS Use only for these KEYWORDS separated by a ",": reproductive potential, colonization potential, eradication potential, resistance/adaptability (abiotic and biotic stressors) | Ecological risks and benefits (free comments) | Ecological risks (knowledge on invasiveness potential) | Any past evidence that new pathogens were introduced with it? | Biological control | Knowledge about specific provenances or seed origins introduced (choose from category) | Is it known to produce viable hybrids with a native species? | Publications DOI about the hybridization with a native species | Genetic risks and benefits (free comments) | Information available and research on this species in the country, used to fill the database (please specify N° of works) | KEYWORDS : distribution, genetics, reproduction, invasiveness, wood properties, yield, climate adaptation, ecosystem services, pest and diseases; | References (ISI papers, reports, grey literature) PLEASE SPECIFY THE REFERENCE TYPE (Research article, Notes, Review etc.) | Legal situation at the Regional level | Legal situation at the Country level | Name(s) and email address(es) of the researcher(s) | Notes | |||||||||||||||
3 | Austria (EU) | EU | Abies cephalonica | Greek fir | N/A | sometimes known | unknown | 3899000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | wood production, afforestation/reforestation | 5 | low | N/A | no | Sometimes known | unknown, but probably with A. alba | less than 10 | yield, climate adaptation | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | berthold.heinze@bfw.gv.at | |||||||||||||||||||||||
4 | Austria (EU) | EU | Acer negundo | Bow elder, bowelder maple, ash-leaved maple | N/A | unknown | unknown | 3899000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | urban forestry | 1 | reproductive potential | high | high | no | N/A | unknown | less than 10 | invasiveness | mainly grey literature | restricted | restricted | berthold.heinze@bfw.gv.at | ||||||||||||||||||||||
5 | Austria (EU) | EU | Ailanthus altissima | Tree of heaven | N/A | sometimes known | unknown | 3899000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | wood production | 1 | reproductive potential, colonization potential | high | high | no | exists in the form of a fungus; it is being tested | N/A | no | less than 10 | invasiveness, wood properties, pests and diseases | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | berthold.heinze@bfw.gv.at | |||||||||||||||||||||
6 | Austria (EU) | EU | Corylus colurna | Turkish hazel | N/A | unknown | unknown | 3899000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, afforestation/reforestation, wood production, urban forestry | 5 | hope for dry sites | unknown | low | no | N/A | unknown, but likely with C. avelanna | there is so much C. avelanna and so little C. colurna, so the risk is negligible at present | less than 10 | yield, climate adaptation | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | berthold.heinze@bfw.gv.at | |||||||||||||||||||||
7 | Austria (EU) | EU | Fraxinus pennsylvanica | Green ash, red ash | N/A | unknown | unknown | 3899000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | N/A | 1 | colonization potential | high | high | no | N/A | unknown, unlikely | less than 10 | invasiveness, pests and diseases | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | berthold.heinze@bfw.gv.at | ||||||||||||||||||||||
8 | Austria (EU) | EU | Juglans nigra | Eastern American black walnut | N/A | unknown | unknown | 3899000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 5 | replacement for ash (Fraxinus excelsior) | medium | medium | no | N/A | unknown, but likely with J. regia | less than 10 | yield | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | berthold.heinze@bfw.gv.at | ||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | Austria (EU) | EU | Pinus strobus | Eastern white pine | N/A | sometimes known | locally frequent in one area, rare elsewhere | 3899000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 3 | susceptible to rust disease (white pine blister rust) | low | low | yes white pine blister rust | "Ribes eradication" was suggested but that does not work | N/A | theoretically with P. cembra, but the ranges do not overlap | less than 10 | yield, pests and diseases | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | berthold.heinze@bfw.gv.at | |||||||||||||||||||||
10 | Austria (EU) | EU | Populus X canadensis | Canadian poplar | 1851-1900 | unknown | unknown | 3899000 | frequently distributed (SDA = 0.1%-1%) | nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production, bioenergy, urban forestry | 5 | gains importance because of ash dieback | reproductive potential | low | high | knowledge is high, not risk | Known | yes with P. nigra | older ones don' have DOI; HEINZE, B. (1997). A PCR marker for a Populus deltoides allele and its use in studying introgression with native European Populus nigra. Belgian Journal of Botany, 123-130.; Heinze, B. (1998). PCR-based chloroplast DNA assays for the identification of native Populus nigra and introduced poplar hybrids in Europe. Forest Genetics, 5(1), 31-38.; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jher.2020.03.004; Heinze, B. (2008). Genetic traces of cultivated hybrid poplars in the offspring of native Populus nigra in Austria. Preslia, 80(4), 365-374. | risk of introgression seems to be low, but depends on local circumstances | a number of older articles in German | yield, pests and diseases | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | berthold.heinze@bfw.gv.at | |||||||||||||||||||
11 | Austria (EU) | EU | Pseudotsuga menziesii | Douglas fir | N/A | sometimes known | unknown | 3899000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 5 | reproductive potential | low | medium | yes needle rust diseases | Sometimes known | not possible | more than 10 | distribution, genetics, reproduction, invasiveness, wood properties, yield, pests and diseases | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | berthold.heinze@bfw.gv.at | ||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | Austria (EU) | EU | Quercus rubra | Northern red oak | N/A | sometimes known | unknown | 3899000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 3 | reproductive potential | medium | medium | N/A | not likely | less than 10 | distribution, genetics, wood properties | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | berthold.heinze@bfw.gv.at | |||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | Austria (EU) | EU | Robinia pseudoacacia | Black locust | N/A | unknown | unknown | 3899000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, nursery production, wood production, bioenergy, non-timber products, soil recultivation, urban forestry | 4 | colonization potential | high | high | no | shading out | N/A | not possible | more than 10 | invasiveness, wood properties, yield, ecosystem services | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | berthold.heinze@bfw.gv.at | |||||||||||||||||||||
14 | Austria (EU) | EU | Thuja plicata | Western redcedar, Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae | N/A | unknown | unknown | 3899000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | wood production | 2 | reproductive potential | medium | low | yes I guess a mining moth | N/A | no native relative | less than 10 | yield | grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | berthold.heinze@bfw.gv.at | ||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Acer pseudoplatanus | Sycamore, sycamore maple | 1601-1650 | always known | 60600 | 689000 | 0.09 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 4 | reproductive potential | medium | medium | No | N/A | Sometimes known | No | less then 10 | yield, climate adaptation | Research paper and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | ||||||||||||||||||||
16 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Aesculus hippocastanum | Horse chestnut | 1801-1850 | unknown | NA | 689000 | N/A | urban forestry | 1 | reproductive potential | low | low | Cameraria ohridella | Pheromone traps. Removal of shed, infected leaves | N/A | No | less then 5 | ecosystem services, pest and diseases | grey literature | restricted | restricted | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | |||||||||||||||||||||
17 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Castanea sativa | Sweet chestnut, Spanish chestnut, chestnut | prior 1600 | always known | 11300 | 689000 | 0.02 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production, urban forestry | 1 | Present only in Flanders | reproductive potential | low | low | No | N/A | N/A | No | less than 10 | pest and diseases | grey literature | restricted | restricted | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | |||||||||||||||||||
18 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Larix decidua | European larch | 1851-1900 | always known | 10100 | 689000 | 0.01 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source,nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 2 | reproductive potential | low | low | No | N/A | Sometimes known | No | Restricted in Flanders, no restriction in Wallonia | less then 10 | yield | grey literature | restricted | restricted | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | |||||||||||||||||||
19 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Larix kaempferi | Japanese larch | 1901-1950 | unknown | NA | 689000 | N/A | seed source, nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 1 | Present only in Wallonia | reproductive potential | medium | low | No | N/A | Known | No | less then 10 | yield | grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | ||||||||||||||||||||
20 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Picea abies | Norway spruce, European spruce | First introduced in Flanders, 1851-1900 in Wallonia | 1601-1650 | sometimes known | 124900 | 689000 | 0.18 | widely distributed (SDA>1%) | seed source, nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production, non-timber products | 3 | Low interest in Flanders, high interest in Wallonia | reproductive potential | medium | medium | Ips typographus | Felling and removal of infected trees | Sometimes known | No | more then 10 | distribution, reproduction, wood properties, yield, climate adaptation, pest and diseases; | Research paper and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | ||||||||||||||||||
21 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Pinus nigra var. corsicana | Corsican pine | 1801-1850 | always known | 20600 | 689000 | 0.03 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 3 | More on interest in Flanders | reproductive potential | low | low | No | N/A | Known | No | Restricted in Flanders, no restrictions in Wallonia | less than 10 | yield, pest and diseases | grey literature | restricted | restricted | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | ||||||||||||||||||
22 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Populus X euramericana | 1901-1950 | always known | 28200 | 689000 | 0.04 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production, bioenergy, non-timber products, soil recultivation | 4 | More on interest in Flanders | colonization potential | medium | medium | Melampsora larici-populina | Fungicides | Known | Hybridisation with Populus nigra | Vanden Broeck, A. (2004). Potential Gene Flow From Cultivated Poplar Into Native European Black Poplar (Populus Nigra L.) in Belgium. Phd Thesis. Universiteit Gent | more then 10 | genetics, reproduction, wood properties, yield, pest and diseases; | Research paper and grey literature | restricted | restricted | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | |||||||||||||||||||
23 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Prunus serotina | Black cherry, wild black cherry, rum cherry | 1901-1950 | always known | 200 | 689000 | 0.0003 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | N/A | 1 | Present only in Flanders | eradication potential | high | high | No | N/A | N/A | No | less then 10 | invasiveness | grey literature | ban | ban | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | |||||||||||||||||||
24 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Pseudotsuga menziesii | Douglas fir | 1851-1900 | always known | 21050 | 689000 | 0.03 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source,nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 3 | More of interest in Flanders | reproductive potential | low | low | No | N/A | Known | No | Restricted in Flanders, no restriction in Wallonia | less then 10 | yield | grey literature | restricted | restricted | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | ||||||||||||||||||
25 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Quercus rubra | Northern red oak | 1801-1850 | always known | 7100 | 689000 | 0.01 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 1 | More of interest in Wallonia | reproductive potential | high | high | No | N/A | Known | No | Higher ecological risk in Flanders, where it is banned. In Wallonia it is restricted. | less then 10 | invasiveness, yield | grey literature | ban | ban | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | ||||||||||||||||||
26 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Robinia pseudoacacia | Black locust | 1601-1650 | always known | 4500 | 689000 | 0.007 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production, bioenergy | 1 | Present only in Wallonia | reproductive potential | medium | medium | No | N/A | Sometimes known | No | less then 5 | wood properties, yield, pest and diseases; | grey literature | restricted | restricted | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | |||||||||||||||||||
27 | Belgium (EU) | EU | Thuja plicata | Western redcedar, Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae | 1901-1950 | always known | NA | 689000 | N/A | nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 2 | Present only in Wallonia | colonization potential | medium | low | No | N/A | N/A | No | less then 5 | wood properties, yield, pest and diseases; | grey literature | restricted | restricted | bart.decuyper@inbo.be | ||||||||||||||||||||
28 | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Non-EU) | Non-EU | Abies grandis | Giant fir | 1901-1950 | sometimes known | <50 ha | 2188000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 1 | low | N/A | 1 | adaptation, yield | 1 | no restriction | no restriction | Branislav Cvjetković (branislav.cvjetkovic@sf.unibl.org) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Non-EU) | Non-EU | Acer negundo | Bow elder, bowelder maple, ash-leaved maple | N/A | unknown | widely distributed | 2188000 | N/A | afforestation/reforestation, soil recultivation | 1 | colonization potential | high | high | N/A | 4 | invasivnes | Research article (2) | no restriction | no restriction | Branislav Cvjetković (branislav.cvjetkovic@sf.unibl.org) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Non-EU) | Non-EU | Ailanthus altissima | Tree of heaven | N/A | unknown | widely distributed | 2188000 | N/A | afforestation/reforestation | 2 | resistance/adaptability, colonization potential | high | high | no | N/A | 2 | climate adaptation, genetics | Research article (2) | restricted | restricted | Branislav Cvjetković (branislav.cvjetkovic@sf.unibl.org) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Non-EU) | Non-EU | Juglans nigra | Black walnut | 1951-2000 | sometimes known | <200 ha | 2188000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 1 | low | low | Sometimes known | 1 | adaptation, yield, ecosystem services | Research article (1) | no restriction | no restriction | Branislav Cvjetković (branislav.cvjetkovic@sf.unibl.org) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Non-EU) | Non-EU | Picea sitchensis | Sitka spruce | 1901-1950 | sometimes known | <2 ha | 2188000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | afforestation/reforestation | 2 | resistance/adaptability | low | low | Known | 3 | climate adaptation, genetics | Research article (3) | no restriction | no restriction | Branislav Cvjetković (branislav.cvjetkovic@sf.unibl.org) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Non-EU) | Non-EU | Pinus strobus | Eastern white pine | 1901-1950 | sometimes known | widely distributed | 2188000 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 5 | resistance/adaptability | low | low | Sometimes known | 3 | climate adaptation, genetics | Serbian language writen paper, gray literature | no restriction | no restriction | Branislav Cvjetković (branislav.cvjetkovic@sf.unibl.org) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Non-EU) | Non-EU | Pseudotsuga menziesii | Douglas fir | 1901-1950 | sometimes known | widely distributed | 2188000 | frequently distributed (SDA = 0.1%-1%) | nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 4 | resistance/adaptability | low | low | Known | 13 | climate adaptation, genetics | Serbian language writen paper, gray literature | no restriction | no restriction | Branislav Cvjetković (branislav.cvjetkovic@sf.unibl.org) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | Bosnia and Herzegovina (Non-EU) | Non-EU | Robinia pseudoacacia | Black locust | N/A | sometimes known | widely distributed | 2188000 | widely distributed (SDA>1%) | nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 4 | reproductive potential, colonization potential, eradication potential | high | high | N/A | 3 | distribution, invasivnes, pest and deseases | Research article (3) | no restriction | no restriction | Branislav Cvjetković (branislav.cvjetkovic@sf.unibl.org) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | Denmark (EU) | EU | Abies alba | silver fir | 1751-1800 | sometimes known | < 10.000 ha | 628000 | seed source, wood production | 3 | resistance/adaptability | damaged by late spring frost, heavily browsed and frayed by deer, (not barkstripping) by deer expected some resistance to wind and adaptability to stressors | low | Known | much (>30) - including genetic breeding | genetics, reproduction, wood properties, yield, climate adaptation, pests and diseases | All sources | restricted | restricted | Palle Madsen (palle@innovasilva.com) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | Denmark (EU) | EU | Abies grandis | Grand fir | 1851-1900 | sometimes known | < 10.000 ha | 628000 | seed source, nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production, bioenergy | 5 | damaged by late spring frost, browsed and frayed by deer expected some resistance and adaptability to stressors | low | Known | some to much (>20) - including genetic breeding | genetics, reproduction, wood properties, yield, climate adaptation, pests and diseases | All sources | restricted | restricted | Palle Madsen (palle@innovasilva.com) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | Denmark (EU) | EU | Abies nordmanniana | Nordmann fir, Caucasian fir | sometimes known | 33.000 ha | 628000 | 0.05 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, nursery production, wood production, bioenergy | 2 | damaged by late spring frost and midvinter frost damaged by browsing and probably fraying Expected resistance to wind and adaptability to stressors | low | Known | some to much (>20) - including genetic breeding | genetics, reproduction, wood properties, yield, climate adaptation, pests and diseases | All sources | restricted | restricted | Palle Madsen (palle@innovasilva.com) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
39 | Denmark (EU) | EU | Abies procera | Noble fir, red fir, Christmas tree | 1851-1900 | sometimes known | < 10.000 ha | 628000 | seed source, nursery production, wood production, non-timber products | 3 | damaged by late spring frost, midvinter and autumn frost damaged by browsing and probably fraying Expected some resistance to wind and adaptability to stressors | low | Known | some to much (>20) - including genetic breeding | genetics, reproduction, wood properties, yield, climate adaptation, pests and diseases | All sources | restricted | restricted | Palle Madsen (palle@innovasilva.com) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
40 | Denmark (EU) | EU | Larix decidua | European larch | 1701-1750 | sometimes known | 26.000 ha | 628000 | 0.04 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production, bioenergy | 5 | Its mostly hydrib larch | resistance/adaptability | Generally tolerant to harsh conditions - used as nurse tree - but may be damged by drought in regenerations and young stands damaged by fraying. Easy and cheap to plant. Tolerant to wind and expected adaptability to stressors | medium | Known | some to much (>25) - including genetic breeding | genetics, reproduction, wood properties, yield, climate adaptation, pests and diseases | All sources | restricted | restricted | Palle Madsen (palle@innovasilva.com) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
41 | Denmark (EU) | EU | Larix kaempferi | Japanese larch | 1851-1900 | 628000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
42 | Denmark (EU) | EU | Larix X Eurolepis | Hybrid larch | 1951-2000 | 628000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | Denmark (EU) | EU | Picea abies | Norway spruce, European spruce | 1751-1800 | sometimes known | 85.000 ha | 628000 | 0.14 | frequently distributed (SDA = 0.1%-1%) | seed source, nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production, bioenergy, | 5 | damaged by storm, drought, Hylobius, bark beetles, bark stripping by deer Easy, cheap and reliable to regenerate at a wide range of sites and soils, not browsed or frayed much by deer. | low | Known | much (>30) incl. genetic breeding programmes in the past | genetics, wood properties, yield, climate adaptation, pests and butt rot (heterobasidion) | All sources | restricted | restricted | Palle Madsen (palle@innovasilva.com) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
44 | Denmark (EU) | EU | Picea sitchensis | Sitka spruce | 1851-1900 | sometimes known | 39.000 ha | 628000 | 0.06 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production, bioenergy, | 5 | damaged by storm, drought, late spring frost, Hylobius, bark beetles, bark stripping by deer Easy, cheap and reliable to regenerate at a wide range of sites and soils, not browsed or frayed much by deer. | medium | Known | much (>30) incl. genetic breeding programmes in the past | genetics, wood properties, yield, climate adaptation and pests | All sources | restricted | restricted | Palle Madsen (palle@innovasilva.com) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
45 | Denmark (EU) | EU | Pinus contorta | Lodgepole pine, shore pine | 1851-1900 | sometimes known | < 10.000 ha | 628000 | seed source, (wood production), bioenergy | 3 | resistance/ adaptability | Generally tolerant to harsh conditions Easy and cheap to plant. | high | Known | some (>15) - including genetic breeding | genetics | All sources | restricted | restricted | Palle Madsen (palle@innovasilva.com) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
46 | Denmark (EU) | EU | Pseudotsuga menziesii | Douglas fir | 1851-1900 | sometimes known | < 10.000 ha | 628000 | seed source, nursery production, afforestation/reforestation, wood production, bioenergy | 5 | damaged by storm when young, windfirm when > 50 years damaged by late spring frost, midvinter and autumn frost damaged by fraying and barkstripping by deer Expected high resistance and adaptability to stressors | low | Known | much (>30) - including genetic breeding | genetics, reproduction, wood properties, yield, climate adaptation, ecosystem services, pests and diseases | All sources | restricted | restricted | Palle Madsen (palle@innovasilva.com) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
47 | Estonia (EU) | EU | Abies alba | silver fir | 1851-1900 | unknown | < 1 ha | 2438000 | wood production, urban forestry | 2 | low | medium | N/A | unknown | distribution, yield | grey literature | ban | ban | tiit.maaten@emu.ee | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
48 | Estonia (EU) | EU | Larix decidua | European larch | 1751-1800 | unknown | unknown, probably >100 ha | 2438000 | wood production, urban forestry | 2 | low | medium | Sometimes known | more than 10 | yield | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | tiit.maaten@emu.ee | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
49 | Estonia (EU) | EU | Larix gmelinii var. japonica | Kurile larch | 1901-1950 | unknown | unknown | 2438000 | N/A | wood production, urban forestry | 2 | low | medium | Sometimes known | less than 10 | yield | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | tiit.maaten@emu.ee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
50 | Estonia (EU) | EU | Larix rossica | 1751-1800 | unknown | unknown, probably >100 ha | 2438000 | wood production, urban forestry | 2 | low | medium | Sometimes known | more than 10 | yield | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | tiit.maaten@emu.ee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
51 | Estonia (EU) | EU | Larix X Eurolepis | Hybrid larch | N/A | unknown | unknown | 2438000 | N/A | wood production, urban forestry | 4 | low | medium | Sometimes known | less than 10 | yield | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | tiit.maaten@emu.ee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
52 | Estonia (EU) | EU | Pinus contorta | Lodgepole pine, shore pine | 1901-1950 | unknown | unknown | 2438000 | N/A | wood production, urban forestry | 2 | low | medium | Sometimes known | more than 10 | yield | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | tiit.maaten@emu.ee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
53 | Estonia (EU) | EU | Populus X wettsteinii | Hybrid aspen trees | 1951-2000 | sometimes known | ca 1000 ha | 2438000 | wood production | 2 | low | medium | Sometimes known | more than 20 | yield, genetics | From grey papers to ISI papers | no restriction | no restriction | tiit.maaten@emu.ee | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
54 | Estonia (EU) | EU | Pseudotsuga menziesii | Douglas fir | 1851-1900 | unknown | unknown | 2438000 | N/A | wood production, urban forestry | 3 | low | medium | Sometimes known | more than 10 | yield | mainly grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | tiit.maaten@emu.ee | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
55 | Estonia (EU) | EU | Quercus rubra | Northern red oak | 1901-1950 | sometimes known | ca 1 ha | 2438000 | wood production, urban forestry | 2 | low | medium | N/A | 2 | yield, climate adaption | Diploma thesis and newspaper article | no restriction | no restriction | tiit.maaten@emu.ee | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
56 | Estonia (EU) | EU | Thuja plicata | Western redcedar, Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae | 1901-1950 | always known | <1 ha | 2438000 | wood production, urban forestry | 2 | low | medium | N/A | unknown | yield on in one stand | unpublished | ban | ban | tiit.maaten@emu.ee | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
57 | France (EU) | EU | Abies cephalonica | Greek fir | 1801-1850 | unknown | unknown | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | seed source, wood production | 3 | reproductive potential | hybridization, resistance to drought | low | N/A | 10-20 | distribution, climate adaptation, genetics, yield, reproduction | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||
58 | France (EU) | EU | Abies grandis | Grand fir | 1801-1850 | unknown | unknown | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | wood production | 2 | low | N/A | 10-20 | genetics, yield, wood properties, reproduction | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | France (EU) | EU | Abies nordmanniana | Nordmann fir, Caucasian fir | 1801-1850 | unknown | unknown | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | seed source, nursery production, wood production, non-timber products | 5 | reproductive potential | hybridization, resistance to cold and wind | low | N/A | 10-20 | distribution, yield, reproduction, climate adaptation | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||
60 | France (EU) | EU | Abies pinsapo | Spanish fir | 1801-1850 | unknown | unknown | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | urban forestry, wood production | 2 | hybridization, resistance to drought | low | N/A | 5-10 | distribution, climate adaptation | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
61 | France (EU) | EU | Acacia dealbata | Silver wattle, blue wattle, mimosa | 1801-1850 | unknown | unknown | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | non-timber products, urban forestry | 1 | reproductive potential, colonization potential, resistance/adaptability | reproductive potential, colonization potential, resistant to drought | high | N/A | 5-10 | distribution, invasiveness | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||
62 | France (EU) | EU | Acer negundo | Bow elder, bowelder maple, ash-leaved maple | 1751-1800 | unknown | widely distributed | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | non-timber products, urban forestry | 1 | reproductive potential, colonization potential | high | N/A | 5-10 | distribution, invasiveness, genetics, ecosystem services | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
63 | France (EU) | EU | Aesculus hippocastanum | Horse chestnut | 1601-1650 | unknown | widely distributed | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | urban forestry | 1 | low | N/A | <5 | ecosystem services | grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
64 | France (EU) | EU | Ailanthus altissima | Tree of heaven | 1751-1800 | unknown | widely distributed | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | urban forestry | 1 | reproductive potential, colonization potential, eradication potential, resistance/adaptability | reproductive potential, colonization potential, eradication potential, resistant to drought | high | no | N/A | <5 | invasiveness, ecosystem services | research articles and grey literature | ban | ban | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | ||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | France (EU) | EU | Calocedrus decurrens | California incense-cedar | 1951-2000 | unknown | ~30ha | 17253000 | <0.01 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | wood production | 3 | resistance/adaptability | resistance to wind and heat; grown in gardens and parks in cool summer climates Northern Europe | low | no | NA | N/A | <5 | yield | grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||
66 | France (EU) | EU | Cedrus atlantica | Atlas cedar | 1801-1850 | unknown | ~20'000 ha | 17253000 | 0.11 | frequently distributed (SDA = 0.1%-1%) | wood production, afforestation/reforestation, seed source, nursery production | 4 | colonization potential, resistance/adaptability | colonisation potential, resistance to drought | medium | NA | N/A | more than 20 | distribution, genetics, reproduction, yield, climate adaptation, pest and diseases | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | ||||||||||||||||||||||
67 | France (EU) | EU | Cedrus libani | Lebanese cedar | 1701-1750 | unknown | trials, parks and gardens | 17253000 | <0.01 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | wood production, afforestation/reforestation | 2 | colonization potential, resistance/adaptability | colonisation potential, resistance to drought | medium | NA | N/A | 5-10 | distribution, genetics, yield, climate adaptation, pest and diseases | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | ||||||||||||||||||||||
68 | France (EU) | EU | Chamaecyparis lawsoniana | Port Orford cedar, Lawson cypress | 1951-2000 | unknown | unknown | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | wood production | 2 | low | N/A | <5 | pest and diseases | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | France (EU) | EU | Eucalyptus globulus | 1801-1850 | unknown | 2000 ha | 17253000 | 0.01 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | nursery production,bioenergy, wood production | 3 | reproductive potential, colonization potential, resistance/adaptability | reproductive potential, colonization potential, allelopathy, resistant to drought https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/E-8-2017-002717_EN.html | medium | N/A | 5-10 | reproduction, yield | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | France (EU) | EU | Fagus sylvatica subsp. orientalis | European beech, common beech | 1901-1950 | sometimes known | >10ha | 17253000 | <0.01 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, afforestation/reforestation | 2 | colonization potential, resistance/adaptability | hybridization, colonization potential, adaptation | medium | Known | <5 | climate adaptation, yield (mortality after planting), genetics | reports, ISI in prep. | no restriction | no restriction | Katalin Csillery (katalin.csillery@wsl.ch) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | France (EU) | EU | Juglans nigra | Eastern American black walnut | 1651-1700 | unknown | 200-300 ha | 17253000 | <0.01 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | non-timber products, urban forestry, wood production | 3 | low | N/A | >20 | genetics, reproduction, wood properties, yield, ecosystem services | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | France (EU) | EU | Larix kaempferi | Japanese larch | 1901-1950 | unknown | 13'000 ha | 17253000 | 0.07 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | wood production | 2 | hybridization | low | N/A | 5-10 | genetics, climate adaptation | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | France (EU) | EU | Liriodendron tulipifera | Tulip tree | 1651-1700 | unknown | hundreds of ha | 17253000 | <0.01 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | wood production, urban forestry | 3 | low | N/A | <5 | reproduction, yield | grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
74 | France (EU) | EU | Picea sitchensis | Sitka spruce | N/A | unknown | 42'000 ha | 17253000 | 0.23 | frequently distributed (SDA = 0.1%-1%) | seed source, nursery production, wood production | 3 | low | Sometimes known | 5-10 | yield, pest and diseases | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
75 | France (EU) | EU | Pinus brutia | Turkish pine | N/A | unknown | unknown | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | afforestation/reforestation, wood production | 3 | colonization potential, resistance/adaptability | colonization potential (after wildfire), resistant to drought | high | N/A | 10-15 | distribution, genetics, yield | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||
76 | France (EU) | EU | Pinus contorta | Lodgepole pine, shore pine | 1901-1950 | unknown | unknown | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | afforestation/reforestation | 1 | low | N/A | <5 | yield | grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
77 | France (EU) | EU | Pinus nigra subsp. nigra | Black pine, Austrian pine | 1801-1850 | unknown | 210'000 ha | 17253000 | 0.01 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | afforestation/reforestation, wood production, bioenergy | 3 | hybridization | low | N/A | more than 20 | distribution, genetics, climate adaptation, yield, ecosystem services | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
78 | France (EU) | EU | Pinus radiata | Monterey pine, insignis pine, radiata pine | N/A | unknown | unknown | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | afforestation/reforestation | 1 | low | N/A | <5 | pest and diseases, yield | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
79 | France (EU) | EU | Pinus taeda | Loblolly pine | 1851-1900 | unknown | 2000 ha | 17253000 | 0.0001159218687 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | wood production, afforestation/reforestation, seed source, nursery production | 3 | low | Known | 5-10 | wood properties, yield | grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
80 | France (EU) | EU | Populus deltoides | Eastern cottonwood, necklace poplar | 1901-1950 | unknown | widely distributed | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | seed source, nursery production, wood production, bioenergy, afforestation/reforestation, urban forestry | 4 | colonization potential | colonization potential, hybridization | medium | N/A | >20 | distribution, reproduction, yield, wood quality, genetics, pest and diseases, climate adaptation | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||
81 | France (EU) | EU | Populus trichocarpa | Black cottonwood, western balsam-poplar, California poplar | N/A | unknown | 17253000 | N/A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
82 | France (EU) | EU | Prunus serotina | Black cherry, wild black cherry, rum cherry | 1601-1650 | unknown | widely distributed | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | urban forestry | 1 | reproductive potential, eradication potential | high | N/A | 5-10 | reproduction, pest and diseases, ecosystem services | research articles | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
83 | France (EU) | EU | Pseudotsuga menziesii | Douglas fir | 1801-1850 | unknown | 411000 ha | 17253000 | 0.02 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, nursery production, wood production, bioenergy, non-timber products | 4 | low | N/A | more than 20 | distribution, genetics, yield, climate adaptation, pest and diseases | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
84 | France (EU) | EU | Quercus rubra | Northern red oak | 1651-1700 | unknown | 60000 ha | 17253000 | 0.003 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, nursery production, wood production, afforestation/reforestation, urban forestry | 4 | reproductive potential | medium | N/A | >20 | distribution, reproduction, yield, genetics, climate adaptation, invasiveness, pest and diseases | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
85 | France (EU) | EU | Robinia pseudoacacia | Black locust | 1601-1650 | unknown | 203000 ha | 17253000 | 0.01 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | seed source, nursery production, wood production, afforestation/reforestation, bioenergy, non-timber products | 4 | reproductive potential, colonization potential | high | N/A | >20 | distribution, reproduction, yield, genetics, invasiveness | research articles and grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
86 | France (EU) | EU | Sequoia sempervirens | Coast redwood | 1851-1900 | unknown | unknown | 17253000 | unknown | N/A | wood production, urban forestry | 3 | low | N/A | 5-10 | reproduction, yield | grey literature | no restriction | no restriction | maxime.cailleret@inrae.fr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
87 | France (EU) | EU | Sequoiadendron giganteum | Giant sequoia | 1851-1900 | 17253000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
88 | Germany (EU) | EU | Abies bornmuelleriana | Turkish fir | N/A | always known | few new trials | 11419000 | < 0.1 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | N/A | 1 | first trials | resistance/adaptability | N/A | Sometimes known | 4 | climate adaptation, yield (mortality after planting) | ISI, German reports | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) | note: there are general restrictions for planting of non-native tree species in protected areas, though permission can be granted; there is no general ban of species to be planted | ||||||||||||||||||||||
89 | Germany (EU) | EU | Abies borsii-regis | Bulgarian fir | N/A | trials planned | 11419000 | < 0.1 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | N/A | 1 | not widely found | N/A | N/A | 1 | German report | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
90 | Germany (EU) | EU | Abies concolor | White fir | 1851-1900 | unknown | limited | 11419000 | < 0.1 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | urban forestry, non-timber products | 1 | Christmas trees | N/A | N/A | 2 | yield | German reports | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
91 | Germany (EU) | EU | Abies grandis | Grand fir | 1801-1850 | sometimes known | > 3.000 ha | 11419000 | < 0.1 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | wood production, afforestation/reforestation | 5 | resistence/adaptability | low | Sometimes known | 10 | yield, climate adaptation, ecosystem services | some ISI Paper, mainly research articles in German | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
92 | Germany (EU) | EU | Abies homolepis | Nikko fir | 1851-1900 | unknown | limited | 11419000 | < 0.1 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | N/A | 1 | N/A | N/A | 2 | German reports | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | Germany (EU) | EU | Abies nordmanniana | Nordmann fir, Caucasian fir | 1851-1900 | sometimes known | widley distributed as christmas tree plantation; but not as part of the forest area | 11419000 | as part of forest area < 0.1 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | non-timber products | 1 | low | Sometimes known | 6 | yield | German research articles, notes | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | Germany (EU) | EU | Abies procera | Noble fir, red fir, Christmas tree | 1901-1950 | sometimes known | limited | 11419000 | < 0.1 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | non-timber products | 2 | N/A | Sometimes known | 3 | yield | German articles | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
95 | Germany (EU) | EU | Acer negundo | Bow elder, bowelder maple, ash-leaved maple | 1651-1700 | widely distributed, but only locally | 11419000 | < 0.1; exact number not known, maybe rather frequently distributed, but less than P. serotina (according to distribution map) | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | urban forestry, soil recultivation | 1 | not used in forests | reproductive potential, colonization potential, eradications potential, resistance/adaptability | reproductive potential, eradications potential (floodplains); invasive in floodplain forests | high | no | N/A | no hybrids | 1 | Invasiveness, ecosystem services | German report | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) | |||||||||||||||||||||
96 | Germany (EU) | EU | Acer rubrum | Red maple | N/A | limited | 11419000 | < 0.1 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | N/A | 1 | not widely used | N/A | N/A | 1 | climate adaptation | ISI Journal | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | Germany (EU) | EU | Ailanthus altissima | Tree of heaven | 1701-1750 | no trials, widely distributed | 11419000 | < 0.1, but expanding | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | urban forestry | 1 | not used | reproductive potential, colonizaton potential, eradication potential, resistance/adaptability | spread into semi-natural ecosystems such as dry grasslands, open forests, and floodplain forests; alloelophathic | high | no | difficult to control | N/A | N/A | 1 | Invasiveness, ecosystem services | German report | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) | ||||||||||||||||||||
98 | Germany (EU) | EU | Araucaria araucana | Monkey puzzle tree | N/A | limited (1 site) | 11419000 | < 0.1 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | 1 | can grow well in western and central Europe, tolerant of coastal salt spray, but does not tolerate exposure to pollution | N/A | no | NA | N/A | 1 | yield | German report | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
99 | Germany (EU) | EU | Betula maximowicziana | Monarch birch | 1901-1950 | sometimes known | limited distributed | 11419000 | < 0.1 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | wood production, seed source | 3 | N/A | no | NA | N/A | 7 | yield, climate adaptation, wood properties | 1 ISI Paper, mainly research articles in German | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | Germany (EU) | EU | Carya ovata | Shagbark hickory | 1851-1900 | always known | limited (8 sites) | 11419000 | < 0.1 | rarely distributed (SDA<0.1%) | N/A | 1 | not yet used in forestry, only some trials | resistance/adabtability | Shagbark hickory was introduced in Europe in the 17th century. It can still be found in Central Europe as a non-native species | N/A | no | NA | N/A | 4 | yield | German articles, reports | no restriction | no restriction | Steffi Heinrichs (sheinri@gwdg.de) |