History of C. elegans Models

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K
1	History of progress in simulating C. elegans
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3	Date(s)	Project	Completed?	3D or 2D?	Physics?	Which cells?**	Uses actual connectome?	Biologically accurate connection weights?	Cell development?	Environment?	Notes
4	1991, 1993	Niebur and Erdos	Yes	2D	?	CBM*	?	No	No?	Crawling only.
5	1997-1998	NemaSys at University of Oregon	No	?	?	?	?	No	No?	?
6	1998	Perfect C. elegans Project in Tokyo	No	?	?	?	?	No	No?	?
7	2004	Virtual C. elegans project at Hiroshima University, Japan	Yes	2D Skeleton	Rigid	n/a	Yes	No; used machine learning.	No	Crawling only.
8	2004	Bryden and Cohen at Leeds, UK	Yes	2D	Rigid	Crawling only model lacking biomechanics	No	No	No	Crawling only.	2 versions published in From Animals to Animats 8: Proceedings of Simulations and Adaptive Behavior, MIT Press, (2004) and Biological Cybernetics 98 (4), 339-351 (2008).
9	2008	Boyle and Cohen at Leeds, UK	Yes	2D	Rigid	Preliminary crawling model	?	No	No	Crawling only.	Published in Boyle, J.H., Bryden, J.A. and Cohen, N., Lecture Notes in Computer Science 4984, 37-47 (2008).
10	2009	Boyle, Berri and Cohen at Leeds, UK	Yes	2D	Rigid beams along the width of the animal, and springs and dampers, both along the anterior-posterior axis (cuticle, muscles) and diagonally across the body.	Rectangular simplification of muscles only	Subset	No	No	Crawling only.
11	2010	Mailler at Tulsa, USA	Yes	3D	Rigid	CBM*	No	No	No	Crawling only.
12	2011	Voegtlin, Thomas	Yes	2D	Rigid beams along the width of the animal, and springs and dampers, both along the anterior-posterior axis (cuticle, muscles) and diagonally across the body.	Rectangular simplification of muscles only	Subset	No	No	Crawling only.	Independent implementation of Boyle, Berri and Cohen's 2009 model in CLONES. See https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mM_C-AkVrDQ
13	2011-2013	Nemaload	No	3D	?	?	Yes	Yes (aspirational)	No?	?
14	2007-2010	Cyber Elegans	Incorporated into OpenWorm	3D	Rigid	Rectangular simplification of muscles only	No	No	No	Crawling only.
15	2011-2015?	OpenWorm v.1***	No; ongoing	3D	Soft-body	CBM*	Yes	Yes	No	Crawling only.
16	2016?	OpenWorm v.2***	No	3D	Soft-body	All 959 cells	Yes	Yes	No	Crawling only.
17	2017?	OpenWorm v.3***	No	3D	Soft-body	All 959 cells	Yes	Yes	No	Crawling or swimming
18	2018?	OpenWorm + DevoWorm***	No	3D	Soft-body	All 959 cells	Yes	Yes	Yes	Crawling or swimming
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20	* CBM: An abbreviation I made up here to refer to models of only Cuticle with internal fluid pressure and Body-wall Muscles
21	** Which cells are simulated as first-class objects? In many simulations, a "dualist" approach is taken where the nervous system is not simulated directly as a collection of cells, but instead as a separate model that interacts with the actual simulation. In this "dualist" model, a simulated knife could not ablate a neuron, since the neuron is not simulated at an actual location in the physical model. In those models, the connectome is NOT a first-class object.
22	*** This development plan is just Michael Currie's idea. I have not discussed it with the group, so this may be dramatically incorrect.
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24	Credit for most of the pre-OpenWorm information: http://www.artificialbrains.com/openworm
25	Many thanks to Netta Cohen for reviewing this list. Any errors remain Michael Currie's responsibility.
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