Net-Zero Carbon by 2050-INTERNAL

	A	B	C	D	E	H	I	K
1		%	giga-tonnes	detail	category	source	source
2		100	49.4

3	Industry	29.4	14.5		industry	https://ourworldindata.org/ghg-emissions-by-sector		https://blog.duncangeere.com/climate-breakdown/
4	-iron & steel	7.2	3.6	manufacturing	industry
5	-Chemical & petrochemical	5.8	2.9	greenhouse gases can be produced as a byproduct of chemical processes like the manufacturing of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, refrigerants, alongside oil and gas extraction, etc.	industry
6	-Food & tobacco	1	0.5	manufacturing of tobacco products and food processing (the conversion of raw agricultural products into their final products, such as the conversion of wheat into bread).	industry
7	-non-ferrous metals	0.7	0.3	Non-ferrous metals are metals which contain very little iron: this includes manufacturing of aluminium, copper, lead, nickel, tin, titanium and zinc, and alloys such as brass. The manufacturing of these metals requires energy which results in emissions.	industry
8	-paper, pulp & printing	0.6	0.3	conversion of wood into paper and pulp.	industry
9	-machinery	0.5	0.2	production of machinery.	industry
10	-cement	3	1.5	carbon dioxide is produced as a byproduct of a chemical conversion process used in the production of clinker, a component of cement	industry
11	-other industries	10.6	5.2	manufacturing in other industries including mining and quarrying, construction, textiles, wood products, and transport equipment (such as car manufacturing).	industry
12	--digital tech	3.7	1.8	servers, networks, computers, screens, devices (manufacture & use)	industry	https://theshiftproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Lean-ICT-Report_The-Shift-Project_2019.pdf
13
14	Transport	16.2	8.0	do not include emissions from the manufacturing of motor vehicles or other transport equipment	transport
15	-cars & trucks	11.9	5.9	burning of petrol and diesel from all forms of road transport which includes cars, trucks, lorries, motorcycles and buses - if we could electrify the whole road transport sector, and transition to a fully decarbonized electricity mix, we could feasibly reduce global emissions by 11.9%.	transport
16	--cars, motorcycles, buses	7.1	3.5		transport
17	--lorries & trucks	4.8	2.4		transport
18	-aviation	1.9	0.9	passenger travel and freight, and domestic and international aviation.	transport
19	--passenger travel	1.5	0.8		transport
20	---international	0.9	0.5		transport
21	---domestic	0.6	0.3		transport
22	--freight	0.4	0.2		transport
23	-ships	1.7	0.8	burning of petrol or diesel on boats (passenger & feight)	transport
24	-rail	0.4	0.2	passenger and freight rail travel.	transport
25	-pipelines	0.3	0.1	fuels and commodities (e.g. oil, gas, water or steam) often need to be transported (either within or between countries) via pipelines. This requires energy inputs, which results in emissions.	transport
26
27	Energy production	13.6	6.7		energy
28	-oil & natural gas leaks & losses	3.9	1.9	fugitive emissions are the often-accidental leakage of methane to the atmosphere during oil and gas extraction and transportation, from damaged or poorly maintained pipes. This also includes flaring – the intentional burning of gas at oil facilities. Oil wells can release gases, including methane, during extraction – producers often don’t have an existing network of pipelines to transport it, or it wouldn’t make economic sense to provide the infrastructure needed to effectively capture and transport it. But under environmental regulations they need to deal with it somehow: intentionally burning it is often a cheap way to do so.	energy
29	-coal mining leaks & losses	1.9	0.9	accidental leakage of methane during coal mining.	energy
30	-other fuels	7.8	3.9	electricity and heat from biomass; on-site heat sources; combined heat and power (CHP); nuclear industry; and pumped hydroelectric storage.	energy
31
32	Buildings	17.5	8.6		buildings
33	-residential	10.9	5.4	generation of electricity for lighting, appliances, cooking etc. and heating at home.	buildings
34	-commercial	6.6	3.3	eneration of electricity for lighting, appliances, etc. and heating in commercial buildings such as offices, restaurants, and shops.	buildings
35
36	Waste	3.2	1.6		waste
37	-wastewater & sewage	1.3	0.6	organic matter and residues from animals, plants, humans and their waste products can collect in wastewater systems. When this organic matter decomposes it produces methane and nitrous oxide.	waste
38	-landfills	1.9	0.9	landfills are often low-oxygen environments. In these environments, organic matter is converted to methane when it decomposes.	waste
39
40	Agriculture, forestry & land use	20.1	9.9		land use
41	-cropland	1.4	0.7	CO2 can be emitted when croplands are degraded; or sequestered when they are restored.	land use
42	-lost grasslands	0.1	0.05	when grassland becomes degraded, these soils can lose carbon, converting to carbon dioxide in the process. Conversely, when grassland is restored (for example, from cropland), carbon can be sequestered. Emissions here therefore refer to the net balance of these carbon losses and gains from grassland biomass and soils.	land use
43	-deforestation	2.2	1.1	changes in forestry cover. This means reforestation is counted as ‘negative emissions’ and deforestation as ‘positive emissions’. Net forestry change is therefore the difference between forestry loss and gain. Emissions are based on lost carbon stores from forests and changes in carbon stores in forest soils.	land use
44	-crop burning	3.5	1.7	burning of agricultural residues – leftover vegetation from crops such as rice, wheat, sugar cane, and other crops – releases carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane. Farmers often burn crop residues after harvest to prepare land for the resowing of crops.	land use
45	-rice growing	1.3	0.6	flooded paddy fields produce methane through a process called ‘anaerobic digestion’. Organic matter in the soil is converted to methane due to the low-oxygen environment of water-logged rice fields. 1.3% seems substantial, but it’s important to put this into context: rice accounts for around one-fifth of the world’s supply of calories, and is a staple crop for billions of people globally.	land use
46	-fertilizers	4.1	2.0	Nitrous oxide – a strong greenhouse gas – is produced when synthetic nitrogen fertilizers are applied to soils.	land use
47	-agricultural machinery	1.7	0.8	use of machinery in agriculture and fishing, such as fuel for farm machinery and fishing vessels.	land use
48	-livestock & manure	5.8	2.9	animals (mainly ruminants, such as cattle and sheep) produce greenhouse gases through a process called ‘enteric fermentation’ – when microbes in their digestive systems break down food, they produce methane as a by-product. This means beef and lamb tend to have a high carbon footprint, and eating less is an effective way to reduce the emissions of your diet.	land use
49
50
51