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HabitatSourceYear(s)ResolutionCoverageBrief DescriptionIntensityBuffer (m)
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EelgrassWA Dept. of Natural Resources2001-2020n/aWA stateMapped eelgrass bedsPresence/ Absencenone
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KelpWA Dept. of Natural Resources2017-20241 km shoreline segmentsWA stateLinear extent of floating kelp along -6.1 m MLLW isobathPresence/ Absencenone
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ThreatSourceYear(s)ResolutionCoverageBrief Description [Stressors]Intensity (Exposure)Buffer (m)
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Human activity (marine)
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Vessel TrafficU.S. Coast Guard Automatic Identification System (AIS); marinecadastre.gov/ais/2022100 m gridU.S.Average number of vessels per day with AIS transponders [disturbance, contaminants, invasive species, water clarity]Variable based on number of vessels/day quartilenone
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Commercial shellfishing
(eelgrass only)		WA Dept. of Natural Resources Commercial Harvest SitesActive permits 11/2024 through 6/2025n/aWA stateSites with active commercial shellfish permits [disturbance, contaminants]Presence/ Absencenone
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Dredge disposal sitesUS Army Corps of Engineers Disposal Site History; https://usace.contentdm.oclc.org/utils/getfile/collection/p266001coll1/id/10745n/an/aPuget Sound and Strait of Juan de Fuca“Disposal Site” locations [sediment, contaminants]Presence/ Absencenone
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Port facilitiesPort locations; https://www.washingtonports.org/ourports-directoryn/an/aWA stateLocations of seaports [disturbance, contaminants]Presence/ Absence1000
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Human activity (terrestrial)
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Shoreline armoringWA Dept. of Fish and Wildlife Beach Strategies Toolkit;
https://beach-strategies-wdfw-hub.hub.arcgis.com/		20170.01 - 5,400 m shoreline segmentsWA Salish SeaLocations of armored shoreline [disturbance]Presence/ Absence1000
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Oil/gas facilitiesWA Dept. of Ecology Spills Program Regulated Facilitiesn/an/aWA stateLocations of oil/gas facilities [contaminants]Presence/ Absence1000
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Land cover
(impervious surface)		National Landcover Dataset Fractional Impervious Surface202330mContinental US% impervious surface coverage of watershed [nutrients, sediments, contaminants]Variable based on % cover quartile*Variable based on river flow†
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Land use
(industrial)		WA Dept. of Commerce General Land Use Dataset2022n/aPuget Sound Watershed% industrial land use (heavy and light) of watershed [sediments, contaminants]Variable based on % cover quartile*Variable based on river flow†
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Water quality
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TemperatureSalish Sea Model**2014100 m - 3,000 m unstructured gridSalish Sea, Outer CoastModeled dry season average daily maximum temperature in the surface layer [temperature]Variable based on value quartile*none
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SalinitySalish Sea Model**2014100 m - 3,000 m unstructured gridSalish Sea, Outer CoastModeled wet season average daily minimum salinity in the surface layer [salinity]Variable based on value quartile*none
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High nutrientsSalish Sea Model**2014100 m - 3,000 m unstructured gridSalish Sea, Outer CoastModeled wet season average daily maximum dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate + ammonium) concentration in the water column [nutrients, algal competition]Variable based on value quartile*none
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Low nutrients
(kelp only)		Salish Sea Model**2014100 m - 3,000 m unstructured gridSalish Sea, Outer CoastModeled dry season average daily minimum dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate + ammonium) concentration in the surface layer [nutrients]Variable based on value quartile*none
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Riverine influence†Washington State Department of Ecology**18-year Climatology130 rivers entering Puget SoundWA Salish SeaAverage annual river flow [sediment, contaminants, salinity]Variable based on river flow quartile*Variable based on river flow†
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Riverine flashinessWashington State Department of Ecology**18-year Climatology130 rivers entering Puget SoundWA Salish SeaRiver flow variability [sediment, contaminants, salinity]Variable based on river variability quartile*Variable based on river flow†
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Riverine nutrientsWashington State Department of Ecology**18-year Climatology130 rivers entering Puget SoundWA Salish SeaAverage annual dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate + ammonium) load [nutrients, algal competition, water clarity]Variable based on load quartile*Variable based on river flow†
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Wastewater Treatment Plant nutrientsWashington State Department of Ecology**18-year Climatology89 outfalls entering Puget SoundWA Salish SeaAverage annual dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate + ammonium) load [nutrients, algal competition, water clarity]Variable based on load quartile*Variable based on WWTP flow§
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Climate Change
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TemperatureKhangaonkar et al. 2021: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S03043800203047862095100 m - 3,000 m unstructured gridSalish Sea, Outer CoastModeled dry season average daily maximum temperature in the surface layer [temperature]Variable based on value quartile*none
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SalinityKhangaonkar et al. 2021: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S03043800203047862095100 m - 3,000 m unstructured gridSalish Sea, Outer CoastModeled wet season average daily minimum salinity in the surface layer [salinity]Variable based on value quartile*none
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High nutrientsKhangaonkar et al. 2021: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S03043800203047862095100 m - 3,000 m unstructured gridSalish Sea, Outer CoastModeled wet season average daily maximum dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate + ammonium) concentration in the water column [nutrients, algal competition]Variable based on value quartile*none
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Low nutrients
(kelp only)		Khangaonkar et al. 2021: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S03043800203047862095100 m - 3,000 m unstructured gridSalish Sea, Outer CoastModeled dry season average daily minimum dissolved inorganic nitrogen (nitrate + ammonium) concentration in the surface layer [nutrients]Variable based on value quartile*none
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Sea Level RiseMiller et al. 2018: https://cig.uw.edu/publications/projected-sea-level-rise-in-washington-state-a-2018-assessment/21003 - 57,000 m shoreline segmentsWA coastlineMagnitude of projected SLR for 2100 (RCP 8.5, 50th percentile projection) [light, coastal squeeze]Variable based on value quartile*none
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* Intensity scores were determined using a quartile approach: bottom quartile of values = low (1), middle two quartiles = med (2), upper quartile = high (3), except for the salinity threat (eelgrass and kelp) and the low nutrient stressor (kelp) where the scores applied to quartiles were reversed (bottom quartile = high and upper quartile = low)
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** Climatology source data available at: https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/ezshare/EAP/SalishSea/SalishSeaModelBoundingScenarios.html
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† The river flow climatology quartile was used to determine the buffer size for riverine based threats (Land Use, Land Cover, Riverine nutrients, and Riverine influence) as follows: Low (< 25th percentile) = 2,500 m, Medium (25th-75th percentile) = 5,000 m, and High (> 75th percentile) = 10,000 m buffer
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§ The wastewater treatment plant flow climatology quartile was used to determine the buffer size for Wastewater Treatment Plant nutrients as follows: Low (< 25th percentile) = 1,000 m, Medium (25th-75th percentile) = 2,500 m, and High (> 75th percentile) = 5,000 m buffer
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