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Natural Resource and Energy Economics

1 Renewable Energy Through Achievements and Challenges.- 2 Renewable Energy: A Transition for a Green Economy.- 3 Renewable Energy Market: A Systematic Review on the Impact of Contracts for Difference as Financing Mechanisms.- 4 Does Geopolitics Impede or Facilitate the Global Transition to Renewable Energy?.- 5 Renewable Energy: Key Aspects of Patent Rights to Promote Investment in Innovation.- 6 Renewable Energy and New Computational Intelligence.- 7 Renewable Energy Through a New Education Vision.- 8 Renewable Energy with a Step Forward to Environment and Sustainability.- 9 A Bibliometric and Systematic Investigation on Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Sustainable Planetary Management.

This 2-volume set provides an overview of the global progress in achieving renewable energy goals through sustainable and economically viable means. Volume I presents the background on renewable energy achievements thus far, and the technological, economic and policy challenges to realizing renewable energy goals. This then leads into a discussion of how a transition to a green economy based on renewable energy could be achieved, including global opportunities, trends, policy considerations and societal implications. The book will appeal to academics, industry professionals and policy makers engaged with the energy economy, renewable energy research and environmental sustainability.

Natural Resource and Energy Economics

1 Solar Thermal Energy: Technology, Applications, Policy Frameworks, and Economic Perspective.- 2 Wind Energy.- 3 Advancements in Ocean Energy: Harnessing Tidal Currents and Wave Dynamics for a Sustainable Future.- 4 Geothermal Water: Managing the Environment-Energy Nexus in the New Era.- 5 Microbial Bioethanol Production.- 6 Potential of Waste Activated Sludge as a Biomethane Source: A Comprehensive Characterization Analysis.- 7 Bio-Hydrogen Production with Photosynthetic Microorganisms (Microalgae, Cyanobacteria, Purple Bacteria): Opportunities and Constraints.- 8 Advancements in Biohydrogen Production Using Microorganisms.- 9 From Fossil Fuels to Green Hydrogen: A Pathway to Environmental Sustainability.- 10 Fuel Cells Technology, Applications and Its Future Prospects.- 11 Waste Cooking Oil as a Sustainable Raw Material (Feedstock) for Biodiesel Synthesis Using Carbon-Based Catalyst.- 12 Electromagnetism Implementation in Biofuels Production Processes from Biomass.- 13 Biohythane Production from Biomass: Processes, Technologies and Recent Advancements.- 14 Advancements in Pyrolytic Bio-Oil Production from Sewage Sludge: A Review.- 15 Valorization of Wastewater into Renewable Energy: An Approach for Resource Recovery.- 16 Desalination and Brine Treatment Technologies Integrated with Renewable Energy Sources.- 17 Hybrid and Integrated Energy Systems for Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) and Minimal Liquid Discharge (MLD).- 18 Hybrid Solar Energy Systems: Cutting-Edge Technologies and Applications for the Built Environment.- 19 The Evolution of Solar Architecture: A Critical Examination of Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Integration in Buildings from Historical, Technological, and Energy Dynamics.-  20 A Delicate Balance: Navigating the Impact of Hydrogen Energy on Historical Buildings.

This 2-volume set provides an overview of the global progress in achieving renewable energy goals through sustainable and economically viable means. Volume II covers various potential renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro and biomass, including the technologies associated with each that are economically feasible while still being environmentally sustainable in their implementation. This then leads into a discussion of how a transition to a green economy based on renewable energy could be achieved, including global opportunities, trends, policy considerations and societal implications. The book will appeal to academics, industry professionals and policy makers engaged with the energy economy, renewable energy research and environmental sustainability.

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

Properties of Hydrogen.- Hydrogen Production from Hydrocarbons.- Hydrogen Production from Solid Fuel - Biomass.- Hydrogen Production from Solid Fuels - Coal.- Hydrogen separation and Purification.- Thermochemical Cycles.

Hydrogen is going to play a prominent role in our energy systems, highlighted by the global developments and interest of various stakeholders from industries, government and researchers. To make global missions, roadmaps, ambitions and targets achievable, there is a need for teaching and training enthusiasts who want to learn and study about Hydrogen energy value chain. This book covers all the different aspects of the Hydrogen energy value chain, including production, storage, transportation, safety and utilization. It includes the methods of Hydrogen production from fossil fuels and renewables, its separation and purification; Hydrogen storage in the compressed, liquid and solid state forms; transportation of Hydrogen using tube trailers, trucks, pipelines, ships, in the form of LOHC; Possible risks, hazards and ways to mitigate those and Hydrogen sensing are considered while discussing Hydrogen safety. Utilization of Hydrogen in various domestic and industrial sectors, Energy conversion devices including fuel cell and Hydrogen internal combustion engine, along with techno-economic comparisons of each of these technologies are also covered here. Solved problems are included at the end of each chapter to provide a better understanding of the concepts discussed.  This book will serve as a textbook for courses related to Hydrogen and Hydrogen dedicated specializations at different institutions. It can be a useful reference for all individuals who are keen and enthusiastic about learning the various aspects of Hydrogen.

Electrical Power Engineering

Structure and Control of Offshore Wind Farms Connected via VSC-HVDC.- Vector Modeling of Large-scale Offshore Wind Farms Considering Dynamic Collection Lines.- Active Energy Control of Converter Stations to Cope With Onshore Grid-Side Faults.- Enhancement Method for Grid-Side Fault Ride-Through Capability Based on Multi-Mode Matching.- Characteristics Analysis and Suppression of Onshore Valve-Side Fault.- Characteristics Analysis and Suppression of DC Submarine Cable Disconnection Fault.- Characteristics Analysis and Suppression of Offshore Wind-Farm-Side Fault.- Communication-Based Coordinated Control for Active Frequency Support.- Communication-Free Coordinated Control for Active Frequency Support.- Consensus-Based Distributed Frequency Support Control for Offshore Wind Farms.- Coordinated Frequency Support Control for Multi-AC Power Grids.

This book provides a detailed study of the active control methods for large-scale offshore wind farms connected via flexible high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission systems. Firstly, it introduces the basic structure and fundamental control of offshore wind farms connected via VSC-HVDC systems, and proposes a vector modeling method for them. Furthermore, it analyzes the fault characteristics of offshore wind farms connected via VSC-HVDC systems under different fault conditions, and proposes an active fault suppression method based on energy control. Finally, it introduces the method of offshore wind farms connected via VSC-HVDC systems to support the grid frequency. From basic concepts to self-active safety control, and then to active support control of the grid, this book systematically introduces the active control methods of large-scale offshore wind farms connected via VSC-HVDC systems. In particular, it introduces some advanced control methods from the perspective of energy. This book is a useful reference for undergraduate and graduate students interested in offshore wind farms and VSC-HVDC, researchers studying fault ride-through and active frequency support of offshore wind farms connected via VSC-HVDC systems, as well as engineers.

Introduction.- Basic Third-Harmonic Injection Matrix Converter.- Third-Harmonic Injection Matrix Converter with Multiple-Outputs.- Three-Level T-Type Third-Harmonic Injection Matrix Converter.- Three-Level Matrix Converter with Integrated Neutral-Point Potential Balancer.- Three-Level Indirect Matrix Converter for Adjustable Speed Drives.- Third-Harmonic Injection Micro-Inverter for AC Photovoltaic Module Applications.- Back-to-Back Matrix Converter with Single-Arm Current Injection.- Three-Level Modulation Strategy for Conventional 3×N Direct Matrix Converters.- Control Method for Matrix Converter to Enhance Linear Voltage Transfer Ratio.- Cascade PI-SMC Method for Matrix Converter-Fed BDFIM Drives.- Conclusions and Perspective for Future Work.

Advanced Matrix Converters: Topology, Modulation, and Control is a comprehensive guide for readers interested in developing advanced direct AC-AC converters, commonly known as matrix converters (MCs). These MCs offer an all-silicon and environmentally friendly solution that has garnered increasing attention in recent years due to their ability to eliminate bulky passive components and improve the converters' power density, conversion efficiency, and reliability.  This book covers the principles of topology construction, advanced modulation strategies, application areas, and control methods. It includes topics such as efficient AC-AC conversion, multi-level conversion, and high-performance adjustable speed drives. It is an essential resource for researchers, engineers, and designers who must select the most appropriate new topologies and control methods for specific applications.

Modeling, Simulation, and Security in Electric Vehicles and Microgrids

Electronics and Microelectronics, Instrumentation

Considerations for Designing an Electric Vehicle Prototype Using Numerical Analysis.- False Data Injection Attacks Modeling and Impact in Microgrids: Case Study on Smart Inverters.- Deep Learning–Based Smart Inverters for False Data Injection Attack Detection.- Numerical Simulation of Lithium-Iron Phosphate Battery Cell SoC Estimation Based on Thermal Effects.- Optimal Sizing, Feasibility Analysis, and Key Issues of Grid-Connected Solar Power Plants in Distribution Networks.- CBF-FLL Control-Based Voltage Source Converter for Power Quality Improvement in Distributed Power Generation Systems.- Enhancing Algorithm Efficiency and Learning Through Non-Linear Data Structure Innovations.- Implementing a Solar Cell Tracking and Monitoring System in Rural Palestinian Areas.- Real-Time Energy Storage Management in Electric Vehicle Fleets for Optimized Grid Integration.- Optimizing Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Using Metaheuristic Approximation in Charging Condition.- Smart Grid Evolution through AI-Driven Approaches: A Technological Landscape.- Review on Recent Development of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Approaches in Energy Applications.

This book offers a clear overview of how digital technologies and numerical methods are transforming modern energy systems. With rising demand for sustainable solutions, industries face challenges such as optimizing energy use, improving system reliability, and enhancing the performance of electric vehicles, microgrids, and energy storage systems. This book shows how tools like numerical analysis, deep learning, machine learning, and real-time simulation are being used to address these issues. It highlights advances that strengthen grid stability, improve EV and storage performance, and protect critical infrastructure from cyber threats. Through practical examples and case studies, this book demonstrates how digital innovation is shaping a smarter, more efficient, and more secure energy future. It is a valuable resource for engineers, researchers, and professionals working to advance modern energy technologies.

Building Physics, HVAC

Introduction.- Renewable energy sources.- Vapour compression heat pumps with electro-compressor.- District heating systems.- Modelling and optimisation of district heating networks.- Thermal energy storage.- Heat distribution systems in buildings.- Advanced applications of integrating renewable energy into local and district heating systems.- General conclusions and perspective.

This book offers comprehensive coverage of the modern energy challenge of integrating renewable energy sources into district heating (DH) systems. It presents a high level of scientific and technical detail, grounded in original research and a synthesis of consistent bibliographic material. The aim is to address the growing need for modernization and enhanced energy efficiency to significantly reduce CO₂ emissions. This book includes physical and mathematical concepts designed to make this publication a self-contained, up-to-date source of information for scientists, researchers, and engineers. It also provides promising directions for future research and innovation in sustainable thermal energy systems. This book features a wide range of content, including theoretical studies, numerical and optimization models, experimental case studies at both laboratory and in situ scales, and numerous practical applications. Key areas of emphasis include: Development, energy analysis, modeling, and optimization of DH systems. Valorization of renewable energy sources. Integration of heat pump technologies with renewables into DH systems. Analysis of thermal energy storage technologies and their potential integration into DH systems. Evaluation of the performance of various medium- and low-temperature heat distribution systems in buildings. Advanced applications of renewable energy integration into local and DH systems. Structured across nine pedagogically designed chapters, and enriched with illustrations, tables, and examples, this book serves as a thorough guide for researchers, engineers, lecturers, and graduate and Ph.D. students in the field of district heating engineering with integrated renewables.

Low-Power Wireless Sensor Design for LoRa-Based Distributed Energy Harvesting System.- Towards Energy Hubs: An Innovative Geographic Information System based Approach for Cluster Definition.- Standard Diesel Production from Mixed Waste Plastic through Thermal Pyrolysis and Vacuum Distillation.- Omnidirectional Broadband Dual-functional (Antireflection and Ultra super-hydrophilic) Nanocoating for Solar Applications.- Evaluation of the Environmental Sustainability of SOFC-based Cogeneration Systems in Commercial Buildings.- Building-integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) Systems: A Science Mapping Approach.-Effect of non-Gaussian Colored Noise on Ambient Energy Harvesting.-Univariate and Multivariate Short-Term Solar Power Forecasting of 25MWac Pasir Gudang Utility-Scale Photovoltaic System Using LSTM Approach.-  Analysis of the Variability of Low-Carbon Energy Sources, Nuclear Technology, and Renewable Energy Sources in Meeting Electricity Demand.

This book covers the latest advancements and emerging trends in the renewable energy field. It focuses on novel research directions and cutting-edge technologies related to renewable energy grid infrastructures, engineering design methodologies, and innovative solutions to industrial challenges. The book delves into critical topics such as integrating renewable energy sources into existing grids, advancements in energy storage technologies, and the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in optimizing renewable energy systems. The contributions are based on selected high-quality research from the 9th International Conference on Renewable Energy and Conservation (ICREC 2024), providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of renewable energy engineering. Advances in Sustainable Energy Systems, Storage, and Conservation is a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, professionals, and scientists seeking to stay ahead of the curve in the rapidly evolving renewable energy field. Provides insights into the latest trends and emerging technologies in renewable energy engineering; Integrates insights from engineering, environmental science, and policy analysis; Features case studies and practical applications of implementing renewable energy solutions.

Engineering Mechanics

Current Trends on the Use of AI to Advance Wind Energy Infrastructures.- Integrating Machine Learning with Computational Fluid Dynamics for Wind Energy Applications From Turbulence Fundamentals to Intelligent Simulation.- Dynamics of offshore wind energy systems fundamentals and data driven methods.- Digital Twins and Data Driven Methods for Intelligent Operation and Interceptive Maintenance of Wind Energy Structures.- Evolution and State of the art of Intelligent Vibration Control for Wind Turbine Structures.- Utilization of measurement data for wind energy structures.- Knowledge Enhanced Machine Learning in Wind Engineering.

This book explores current trends in the use of artificial intelligence to advance wind energy. Alongside fundamental concepts of wind dynamics and energy generation, it presents emerging technologies such as LiDAR for assessing aeolian potential, as well as Machine Learning and Digital Twin approaches applied to the operation and maintenance of wind energy systems. Recent advances in improving the accuracy of wind resource assessment and wind flow characterization are also discussed. This book further examines how knowledge of offshore wind structure dynamics supports the development of data‑driven predictive models. In particular, it highlights advances in the design and optimized maintenance of wind energy converters enabled by Machine Learning. Today, timely prediction of system response and performance—based on high‑quality monitoring and inspection data—is a key game changer. Digital Twin concepts are therefore employed to bridge the gap between numerical models and physical assets, integrating measurements that are difficult to obtain using traditional tools. From this perspective, AI‑based Digital Twin prototypes offer a promising solution to optimize and control wind energy systems by integrating monitoring, inspection, and Machine Learning data, providing new insights into the condition of wind energy infrastructure.

Sustainable Architecture/Green Buildings

Importance of zero energy buildings in sustainable development.- Building codes and energy standards: Pathways toward zero energy buildings.- Advances in energy-efficient building strategies.- Building management systems.- Evolving zero energy building practices and their role in global sustainability.- Lesson learned from ZEB projects worldwide.- From zero-energy buildings to zero energy communities.- Shaping the future of zero energy buildings.

This book provides a comprehensive exploration of the advancement of Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) as a key strategy for achieving sustainable development and global energy goals. It delivers actionable insights into performance metrics, smart management systems, policy frameworks, and global innovations that drive the transition to renewable energy. This book highlights the growing need for energy-efficient buildings and net-zero strategies, In light of current environmental challenges. ZEBs have become essential tools for reducing operational energy use while enhancing occupant comfort and overall building performance. This book begins by examining the strategic role of ZEBs in supporting the UN Sustainable Development Goals and national climate commitments. It then explores the evolution of energy codes and standards, offering a comparative perspective across regions and jurisdictions. Readers are introduced to advancements in energy-efficient building strategies, including passive design, smart materials, and renewable integration. A key focus is the integration of Building Management Systems (BMS), which serve as critical enablers for ZEBs by providing real-time monitoring, adaptive control, and enhanced energy optimization. These systems enable performance transparency, predictive maintenance, and user-centered design. Additionally, this book presents case studies of ZEB projects from around the world, showcasing technical achievements and the significance of supportive governance and financing models. Importantly, the discussion extends beyond individual buildings to Zero Energy Communities (ZECs), recognizing the potential for integrated systems across neighborhoods and urban developments. This broader perspective aligns ZEB efforts with district energy planning, smart grid deployment, and community engagement, positioning ZEBs within a larger ecosystem of sustainable urban infrastructure. Concluding with a forward-looking perspective, the book identifies emerging trends and challenges in the global ZEB movement, including digitalization, life-cycle assessment, and resilience to climate extremes.

Introduction.- Application of artificial intelligence in biomass energy conversion.- Wave energy converters and ai.- Ann based prediction of combustion in supercharged di cng engines.- Ai driven prediction of nanoproperties for sustainable oil & gas drilling.- Ann based prediction of waxy crude compressibility for sustainable flow assurance.- Controlling carbon emissions through useful interactions.- Use of ai in plastic waste recycling and management.- The role of ai in hydrogen energy technologies a past research landscape.- Bibliometric analysis about ai in sustainable energy technologies.- Emerging of artificial intelligence in wind energy a review on the integration of ai in vertical axis wind turbine performance.- Automation and mechanization of oil palm harvesting using drones and rovers.- The innovative and smart solar-powered atmospheric water harvesting system for clean and reliable water solutions.- Ai based predictive maintenance in renewable energy infrastructure.

Artificial Intelligence in Sustainable Energy and Environmental Management brings together cutting-edge research and practical insights from leading experts on the transformative role of AI in addressing global sustainability challenges. Covering diverse applications—from optimizing renewable energy systems and smart grids to environmental monitoring, waste reduction, and climate modeling—this volume highlights how intelligent technologies can drive efficiency, innovation, and resilience in energy and environmental systems. With chapters contributed by multidisciplinary authors, the book serves as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to harness AI for a cleaner, smarter, and more sustainable future.

Attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Bangladesh’s Wind and Solar Energy Projects

Energy Policy, Economics and Management

1 Introduction.- 2 An overview of the Bangladesh power sector.- 3 Determinants of FDI in the wind and and solar sector of developing countries.- 4 Factors that attract scalable wind and solar energy projects in Bangladesh.- 5 Factors encouraging FDI in the Bangladeshi renewable energy sector.- 6 Conclusion.

This book is based on an empirical study conducted by the author in Bangladesh’s renewable energy sector. This study investigates the determinants relevant for attracting wind and solar Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into the nascent market in Bangladesh. Primarily institutional theory and Dunning’s eclectic paradigm to explain multinational enterprises (MNEs) strategy and investment choices to conduct FDI in wind and solar energy projects in developing countries, the author argues that the locational aspects of the host country matter in investment decisions.  Drawing on Dunning’s eclectic paradigm and institutional theory to explain multinational enterprises (MNEs) strategy and investment choices to conduct FDI in wind and solar energy projects in developing countries, the author argues that the locational aspects of the host country matter in conducting FDI in wind and solar projects in developing countries. Additionally, this study looks into the empirical studies on determinants of FDI in renewable energy sector subsumed under the three investment dimensions (i.e., institutional environment, macroeconomic environment and natural conditions). The aim of this study has three folds. First, this study identifies the factors that attract scalable wind and solar projects in Bangladesh. Second, it clarifies the relative significance of factors crucial for attracting FDI into nascent markets in Bangladesh. Third, it suggests policy implications for the sustainable development of renewable energy FDI in wind and solar in Bangladesh. This book differs from existing studies on FDI in renewable energy across developing countries in a number of ways. First, it explores the determinants of FDI in wind and solar energy projects into a nascent market like Bangladesh, which is partially opening up for renewables (i.e., wind and solar energy) while having a significant share of fossil fuels to sustain rapid GDP growth. Second, this study underscores the influence of traditional policy instruments in guiding investment choices in Bangladesh’s nascent wind and solar energy markets, as a whole set of renewable energy support policies popular in other developing countries, whose markets are gradually maturing to accept accelerated renewables (i.e., feed-in tariffs, renewable energy certificates, auctions, and renewable portfolio standards) are non-existent in Bangladesh. Third, it addresses the dual challenges faced by developing countries (i.e., Bangladesh) that must invest in achieving growth targets, often based on fossil-fuels, while committing to climate adaptation and mitigation goals. Lastly, the results of this study could be generalized to other developing countries that currently lack the globally available best practices (i.e., the various economic support measures) for deploying accelerated renewables.

Aerospace Technology and Astronautics

An Introduction to Aviation Fuels and Specifications.- The Impact of Crude Sources and Processing on Jet Fuel Properties and Performance.- The Properties and Performance of Jet Fuel from Alternative Sources.- Additives in Aviation Fuels.- Risk Assessment in Supply Chain and Logistics.- Filtration Systems.- Pipelines, Temporary and Permanent Storage Facilities.- Common Practice in Aviation Fuel Handling Equipment.- Representative Sampling.- Monitoring, Prevention, and Treatment of Microbiological Growth.- Aviation Gasoline.- Aviation Fuel Army Considerations.- Aviation Fuel Navy Considerations.- Fuel Stability.- Advanced Research Test Methods for Dissolved Contaminants in Aviation Fuels.- Advanced Research Test Methods for Heterogeneous Contaminants in Aviation Fuels.- Corrosivity and Corrosion.- Aerospace Fuel Systems Failure Analysis.- The Effects of the Fuel Composition on Non Metal Materials in Aircraft Systems.- The Influence of Fuel Complexity on Propulsion Processes.- Switching Between Fuel Types.

This book is a modern, comprehensive manual for fuel handling, quality control, problem-solving, and remediation methods. An international collaborative effort of experts from many fields, it provides operational insight and a wealth of technical and practical knowledge. Aviation Fuel Problems and Solutions includes chapters on numerous issues fuel engineers face using the "well-to-wheel" approach, including; the effect of crude oil on fuel quality; refinery/distribution additives; issues that can arise during storage and transportation, pumping and filtration; typical challenges in military applications; laboratory methods for investigations; contamination and compatibility research; and aerospace fuel systems failure analysis.  In addition, a specific section is dedicated to modern sustainable aviation fuel approval and processes as the industry transitions to a low carbon world. This handbook will provide a thorough reference book for engineers, researchers, and decision makers alike.

Energy Policy, Economics and Management

Chapter 1: Introduction.- Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Big Data Analytics in the Energy Sector.- Chapter 3: Data Collection Methods in Pipeline Integrity Management.- Chapter 4: Data Integration and Preprocessing Techniques.- Chapter 5: Literature Review.- Chapter 6: Using Big Data Analytics in PIMS.- Chapter 7: Data Quality Issues in Model Testing.- Chapter 8: Energy Pipeline Defect Growth Prediction Using Degradation Modelling.- Chapter 9: Predictive Maintenance and Pipeline Integrity.- Chapter 10: Machine Learning Applications in Pipeline Integrity Management.- Chapter 11: Risk Assessment and Big Data Analytics.- Chapter 12: Data Visualization and Reporting for Pipeline Integrity.

This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the integration of Big Data analytics into the management of energy pipeline integrity. Its primary aim is to enhance pipeline safety, reduce operational costs, and ensure long-term sustainability by leveraging data-driven technologies in the monitoring and maintenance of pipelines. Aimed at professionals and researchers in the energy, oil, and gas sectors, as well as those involved in infrastructure management and data science, the book presents how emerging technologies, such as Big Data, Machine Learning (ML), Internet of Things (IoT), and Artificial Intelligence (AI), can revolutionize pipeline integrity management systems (PIMS).

Waste Management/Waste Technology

Introduction to bioelectrochemical conversion.- Types of Organic Waste for Bio-Electrochemical Systems.- Principle of bioelectrochemical systems.- Design and Operation of Bioelectrochemical System.- Conversion Processes and Pathways in Bio-Electrochemical Systems.- Microbial Communities and Their Role in Bioelectrochemical Systems.- Electron Transfer Mechanisms in Bio-Electrochemical Systems.- Innovative Energy Solutions: Merging Bio-Electrochemical Systems with Renewables.- Microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment and bioenergy generation.- Conversion of CO2 into Methanol using BES.- Biohydrogen production using bioelectrochemical system.- Bioelectricity Generation from Different Organic Waste Using BES.- Algae-Derived Electrodes in Bio-Electrochemical Systems.- New trends and advancements in the field of BES.- Energy-Efficient Bio-Electrochemical System for Treatment of Agricultural Wastes.

This book presents bio-electrochemical conversion of waste into fuel—a cutting-edge process that leverages biological and electrochemical techniques to transform organic waste materials into valuable energy sources. This technology mainly utilizes microorganisms, such as bacteria, capable of decomposing complex organic compounds present in waste. By combining microbial metabolism with electrochemical reactions, waste can be converted into biofuels like hydrogen or methane, along with other valuable products, including organic acids and alcohols. The process generally involves microbial fuel cells (MFCs) or anaerobic digesters, which create optimal conditions for microorganisms to thrive and effectively carry out their conversion activities. This method not only tackles waste management challenges by decreasing landfill usage and lowering greenhouse gas emissions but also enhances energy sustainability. The bio-electrochemical conversion process is regarded as a renewable energy solution, as it can operate on renewable energy sources and supports the circular economy by transforming waste into resources. Current research and advancements in this area are focused on optimizing microbial communities, enhancing energy recovery efficiencies, and scaling up the technology for industrial applications. In summary, bio-electrochemical conversion holds significant potential for influencing waste treatment and energy production, making it a promising field for future exploration and development.

Environmental Engineering/Biotechnology

Chapter 1: Introduction and Fundamentals.- Chapter 2: Microalgal Biomass Production and Harvesting.- Chapter 3: Biomass Conversion Processes.- Chapter 4: Biodiesel and Bioethanol Production.- Chapter 5: Integrated Biorefineries and Sustainability.

Microalgae, such as algae and cyanobacteria, which are cultivated for their biomass and are rich in lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, can be used as a renewable energy source. Seeking to mitigate climate change and ensuring energy security, this approach provides several advantages, including being carbon neutral, requiring low water usage, and having high oil content. However, challenges persist, including scalability, cost-effectiveness, biomass harvesting, conversion efficiency, water management, and land use competition with food crops. This book describes the development of a production method of bioenergy from microalgal biomass, and examines the entire process development, from strain improvement and cultivation optimization, through the conversion process, and systems integration. The book delves into related technologies, including catalytic conversion, separation and purification techniques. The potential of microalgal bioenergy as a sustainable energy source is assessed by considering scalability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact.

Biofuels: An Overview for Climate Change Mitigation and Sustainable Development.- Biohydrogen: An Alternative Energy Resource for Environmental Wellness.- Renewable Energy Sources for sustainable development: an overview.- Microbes: Renewable and Alternative Energy Resources.- Bioenergy and Biofuels: An Alternative to Conventional Fuel and Energy Source.- Sugarcane-based Bioethanol Production for Sustainable Development Sent.- Biofuels from Algae: Technologies, Challenges, and Prospects.- Microalgae bioprospecting for biofuel synthesis: a path towards sustainable energy.- Lignin-Based Biofuel Production: Prospects and challenges.- Biogas Production from Waste.- Production of Hydrocarbon-rich Biofuel from Biomass.- Biofuel production from seaweed feed stock: Harnessing the coastal innovations for sustainable future.- The role of microbial fuel cells in sustainable waste management with production of biofuels and bioenergy.

Global concern for energy security and environmental protection has put great emphasis on the search for alternative energy sources. The generation of biofuels from biomass has attracted worldwide study and development as it has emerged as a very viable alternative energy source. The development of alternative energy sources has gained popularity due to the rising global demand for energy and the depletion of conventional fossil fuel stocks. Concerns about energy security have also been raised in emerging economies. Biofuels have a lot of potential in these areas. Furthermore, when compared to fossil fuels, they have a lower environmental impact. The book “Biofuels and Bioenergy: Environmental Sustainability and Climate Change Mitigation” discusses the advancement of biochemical and biological technologies in relation to the synthesis of alternative energy source. The technology involved, as well as developments in the field of alternative energy source production and related fields, such as biofuel, biodiesel and bioethanol production, are highlighted and discussed in this book. It has also been discussed how waste materials could be used as alternative.

Environmental Biotechnology

Chapter 1. Introduction to biomass resources and biorenewable resources.- Chapter 2. Biomass waste: Pre-treatment and processing for enhanced added value.- Chapter 3. Biomass Categories: Standard and advanced characterization techniques.- Chapter 4. Biomass waste: liquefaction, gasification and pyrolysis processing.- Chapter 5. Biomass Valorization for Industrial Applications.- Chapter 6. Biomass conservation and management: state of art and recent trends.- Chapter 7. Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: biodegradable composite preparation and hemicellulose recovery.- Chapter 8. Agricultural waste biomass: waste water treatment and hydrogen production.- Chapter 9. Fruit waste: Recent advances for bioethanol production.- Chapter 10. Biorefinery of biomass waste to biofuel: processing and opportunities.- Chapter 11. Biomass waste: bioenergy and enzymatic biodiesel production.- Chapter 12. Biomass waste: biotransformation to high value biochemicals and their industrial applications.- Chapter 13. Biochar production from biomass waste: trend and development.- Chapter 14. Green fuel production from Kitchen and food wastes: process optimization and recent technologies.- Chapter 15. Biomass waste management: process scalability and circular economy aspects.

This book explores the different categories of biomass waste as a renewable resource to generate high added value industrial products such as biofuel, biogas, energy. For this aim, it highlights the different processing techniques and characterization methods of the biomass and its by-products as well as the different usages in energy and environmental areas with a focus on bioenergy production. This book gives an overview on the recent trends and development of various aspects of biomass waste management. The uniqueness of this book relies on its aptitude to give an updated data about the usage of different categories of biomass waste in high added value applications with a focus of bioenergy fields.

Energy Policy, Economics and Management

Feedstock composition variation and availability in various geographical regions in the world.- Biomass collection and storage and successful supply chain from farm to factory.- Fruit and vegetable waste chitin DDGs bread waste broken rice beet root Unexplored feedstock for biorefineries.- Process parameters governing effective biomass pretreatment on oligosaccharides and hemicellulosic monomeric sugars recovery.- Process parameters governing effective enzymatic hydrolysis and cellulosic sugars recovery.

This book includes fifteen chapters in the field of bioenergy, agriculture, energy systems, and waste from environment using reactor configurations analysis for biorefinery processes. It discusses recent biorefineries for 1G, 1.5G, 2G, and 3G sugars or ethanol from lignocellulose biomass and some unexplored feedstocks. Different process parameters governing effective biomass pretreatment and production through different bioreactors configuration such as counter-current, percolation, plug-flow, and shrinking bed in enzymatic biomass hydrolysis and fuels and chemical production. In extend to production, life cycle assessment and circular economy in biorefinery process will be getting chapters from authors. It concludes with the latest topics on biorefineries, including reactor configurations prediction through AL/ML and optimizing through AI-driven simulations and Government regulations and policies to support circular economic initiatives from strategies for the transition to advanced bioethanol production.

Electrical Power Engineering

Current State and Analysis of Regulatory Requirements for Energy Efficiency of Buildings.- Models and Tools for Analyzing the Thermal Conditions of Buildings.- Modelling of Air Exchange in Premises.- Experimental Studies of Air Exchange Parameters and Microclimatic Characteristics.

Today, the issue of energy saving and energy security is of particular relevance both locally and globally. Today, the world is facing an acute problem of saving and rational use of energy resources in order not only to reduce their consumption but also to reduce pollutant emissions. For Ukraine, the issue of energy security has become particularly acute since the beginning of Russia's hybrid aggression. The destruction of energy infrastructure, the threat of disruption of energy supplies, and aggressive actions in the economic sphere are driving Ukraine to improve energy efficiency along the chain from production to consumption and to develop modern energy-saving technologies. According to the European Parliamentary Research Service, households are the largest energy consumers in Europe, with final energy consumption accounting for 28% of the total energy consumption of all sectors. That is why researchers are focused on implementing resource-saving activities through the use of modern energy-efficient technologies in households and buildings, in particular, to reduce transmission and infiltration heat losses. To determine the extent of heat transfer losses, it is common to measure the thermal resistance of buildings on site. These measurements are usually made by analysing the low-density heat flux. To monitor the thermal insulation characteristics of building envelopes and materials used in repair work and establish their actual values, it is extremely important to develop modern monitoring tools and appropriate methods for measuring thermal resistance as the main indicator in assessing the energy efficiency of buildings.

Energy Policy, Economics and Management

Environmental Management

Chapter 1 Background essentials.- Chapter 2 The Scientific and Legal Basis of Climate Governance.- Chapter 3 Strategic Planning and Pathway Framework.- Chapter 4 Energy-saving and Carbon Reduction.- Chapter 5 Renewable Energy.- Chapter 6 Carbon Sinks.- Chapter 7 Carbon Pricing Mechanisms.- Chapter 8 Green Financial System.- Chapter 9: Multi-Level Practice Examples.- Postscript.

China has made a major strategic decision to achieve carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. The country has formulated a clear timetable, roadmap, and construction plan and introduced the “1+N” policy system from the top. This book provides a theoretical study and practical exploration of nine key aspects related to China's carbon peaking and carbon-neutral strategy: the background of Carbon Peaking and carbon neutrality, scientific and legal basis, strategic planning and path framework, energy-saving and carbon reduction measures, renewable energy, carbon sinks, carbon pricing mechanisms, the green financial system, and practical case studies.The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. The present version has been revised technically and linguistically by the authors in collaboration with a professional translator.

Introduction.- Causes and Mechanisms of Casing Deformation.- Types and Forming Conditions of Fluid Channels.- Assessment and Prediction of Fault/Fracture Slip Risk.- Quantitative Analysis Technique of Fault Slippage and Casing Deformation.- Casing Deformation Early Warning Technology.- Casing Deformation Control Technology.- Casing Deformation Prevention Technology.

This book systematically clarifies the casing deformation prevention and control technologies based on the integration of research area of both geology and engineering. These technologies incorporate reservoir geomechanics, casing deformation mechanics and hydraulic fracturing mechanics. It covers fluid channel-fault activation model and casing deformation mechanisms, types and formation conditions of fluid channels, casing deformation risk prediction technology, casing deformation early warning technology based on microseismic and fracturing treatment curves, casing deformation control technology based on hydraulic fracturing simulation and casing deformation prevention strategy. This book is a valuable reference for both technical personnel and graduate students working in petroleum engineering, rock mechanics and reservoir geomechanics.

Geotechnical Engineering and Applied Earth Sciences

Introduction.- Fundamental Acoustic Parameters.- Cement Bond Logs.- Cement Bond Logging Tools.- Affecting Wellbore Conditions.- Microannulus vs Microchannels.- Log Quality Control and Reliability.- Operational Guidelines for Supervising Acquisition.- Practical CBL Case Studies.- Pressure Integrity Tests.- Inflow Testing.- Holistic Approach to Cement Evaluation.- Temperature Noise and Other Methods.- Cement Plugs and P&A Evaluation.- Cement Integrity in CCUS Well.- HPHT and Geothermal Cement Integrity Evaluation.- Data-Driven and ML Approaches to Cement Evaluation.

This book focuses on cement bond logs (CBL) as a critical tool for ensuring long-term well integrity. It covers key topics such as acoustic fundamentals, factors influencing cement bond and variable density log (CBL/VDL) readings, cement bond logs evaluation, and methods to address the microannulus effect, which can lead to misleading log results. It also includes a discussion of waveforms, particularly in relation to VDL readings. The book explores how both conventional sonic and new ultrasonic technologies capture and interpret waveforms to assess variations in cement bond integrity. Practical case studies are provided to demonstrate how sonic and ultrasonic CBL interpretation can improve decision-making in assessing well integrity. Additional guidance is provided on evaluating log quality, supervising and witnessing logging operations, and comparing different logging tools. Cement Bond Logs: Guidelines and Interpretation serves as an essential resource for engineers and researchers seeking to improve wellbore integrity through practical and accurate cement evaluation.

Machinery and Machine Elements

Compressor casings.- Rotor design.- Impellers.- Antisurge and performance control systems.- Dry gas seals.- Seal gas treatment.- Lubricating oil systems.- Flexible-element couplings.- Shop tests and special engineering analyses.- Grouting.- Modularization.- Lateral rotordynamics.- Torsional analysis.- Condition monitoring and diagnostics.- Preservation and packaging.- Compressor specification, evaluation, and design coordination.- Co2 compressors.

This book offers a unique perspective on the aerodynamic and mechanical design features of centrifugal compressors. It provides detailed explanations of auxiliary systems to support engineering professionals involved in the specification, application, and selection of compression strings and packages. The book covers the fundamentals of centrifugal compressor casing and internal design, complemented by in-depth analysis of impellers and rotors. Chapters on surge detection and control, couplings, dry gas seals and their support systems, and lubrication oil systems provide a comprehensive understanding of the underlying theory, operational principles, and design processes. Topics such as lateral rotordynamics, advanced torsional analysis, shop testing, specialized engineering analyses, and condition monitoring address key knowledge-based engineering parameters. These are essential for achieving industry-standard-compliant designs, optimal performance, safety, and long-term reliability in service. In addition to discussing conventional concrete foundations, the chapter on machinery modularization introduces innovative installation strategies. These include shifting significant portions of site work to module yards, reducing material movement at job sites, and lowering costs associated with construction and pre-commissioning activities. Machinery and process modules contribute to optimized plot layouts, ultimately reducing the total installed cost of process plant facilities. Comprehensive and detailed technical specifications for inquiries and purchases aim to eliminate guesswork, misinterpretation, and scope gaps. Errors or omissions in purchase orders can be costly and difficult to rectify during project execution. The chapter on compressor specifications, proposal evaluation, and design coordination addresses these challenges using real-world examples. In light of global initiatives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, a dedicated chapter explores the process of capturing and storing carbon dioxide (CO₂). It discusses the two primary compressor types used for CO₂ compression, provides an overview of sequestration processes and current challenges, and highlights new technologies that extend the life of compressor materials. Configuration options for improved overall efficiency are also examined.

Energy Policy, Economics and Management

Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation and Solar Energy Applications.- Renewable Energy Technology and Energy Efficiency Optimization.- Energy Materials and Energy Storage Technology.- Carbon Capture and Sustainable Development.- Index.

This book provides readers with the latest developments and innovations in clean energy resources and systems, energy economics, and energy policies. Designed to help move towards a cleaner, more sustainable energy landscape, it offers theoretical insights, practical knowledge, and case studies on clean energy technology. It covers sustainable methods for increasing energy efficiency and examines current concepts and solutions to global energy storage and energy-saving issues, including wind energy technology and offshore potential, advanced solar energy systems and case studies, hydrogen production, storage, and material challenges, carbon capture, storage, and resource utilization, bioenergy and sustainable fuel innovations, energy system optimization, and thermal management. Clean Energy Research: Now and in the Future is an essential guide to up-to-date research results for scientists, practitioners, engineers, students, and researchers.

Mechanical Power Engineering

Energy Policy, Economics and Management

Biomass energy.- Production and utilization aspects.- Biofuel and advances in biofuel research.- Bio-electro-chemical energy conversion system.

The book examines the latest trends in clean energy research and applications from around the globe. It introduces various clean energy technologies and discusses efficient energy conversion devices expected to be next-generation power sources. The first section focuses on the effective use of existing renewable energy systems, featuring contributions from internationally recognized experts. It analyzes governance strategies for transitioning to clean energy, including policy instruments and comparative studies of different countries. Key areas highlighted include solar, wind, ocean thermal, biomass, hydropower, and geothermal energy. The second and third sections delve into waste biomass resources and cellulosic materials in biorefineries, emphasizing their efficient use. The final section explores next-generation biofuels, detailing biodiesel production from algae and vegetable oils, and discusses fourth-generation biofuels that use genetically engineered feedstocks. Additionally, it covers clean combustion and emission control in green aviation, focusing on sustainable biofuel Life Cycle Assessments.  

Preface.- Organization Committee.- Biomass Energy. - Hydraulic Energy.- Hydrogen Energy.- Photovoltaic Energy.- Wind Energy.- Other Energy Sources.- Energy Applications.

Renewable Energy Research, Development, and Innovation: Selected Papers from CIDiER 2024 highlights international collaborations that foster ideas and dialogue on solutions to climate change through research and development that advance clean energy innovation via renewable energies. The book includes chapters based on selected papers from the 2024 Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2024), covering theoretical and applied research to strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects among universities, research centers, and private companies in Latin America.

Chapter 1: Brief historical overview of switched reluctance machines.- Chapter 2: Switched reluctance machine.- Chapter 3: Systerm, modeling, simulation and optimization.- Chapter 4: Parametric regression and sensitivity analysis.- Chapter 5: Design and development of the experimental platform.- Chapter 6: Optimization and validation of switched reluctance generator models.- Chapter 7: Applications in control and energy efficiency with switched reluctance motors.- Chapter 8: Applications in control and generation with switched reluctance machines.

Control and Tracking Techniques for Switched Reluctance Machines provides detailed and practical instructions for implementing drive and control techniques for switched reluctance machines (SRMs), which can be immediately applied in real-world projects. It presents the latest innovations in control techniques for SRMs, which are essential for the efficiency and sustainability of modern electrical systems. The book includes case studies and practical examples that enhance the understanding of concepts and their application in real scenarios, making the content accessible to both students and experienced professionals. It emphasizes techniques that optimize SRM performance and promote the sustainability of electrical systems, a topic of increasing importance in engineering. With a focus on the current and future needs of the energy sector, this authoritative guide is a key reference for practicing engineers, researchers, and practitioners in the renewable energy industry. Presents the latest innovations in control techniques for switched reluctance machines; Emphasizes techniques and innovation with a focus on sustainability; Offers case studies and a practical approach allowing immediate technology applications in real-world projects.

Energy Grids and Networks

1. Overview: VPP Structure and Physical Model.- 2. Unified Steady DER Model: Polytope and Projection.- 3. Unified Dynamic DER Model: Triggered Step Response.- 4. Individual DER Model Parameter Identification.- 5. Individual DER Model Shape Normalization.- Overview: Cyber-physical Coupling Considerations in VPP Operations.- Real Cases of Cyber-physical Coupling Effects in VPPs.- Cyber-physical VPP Aggregation and Disaggregation.- Cyber-physical VPP Operation with Network Effects.- Overview: Semantics and Coordinated Communication Control.- Minute-level Demand Response: Access Control for Reliability.- Second-level Frequency Support: Bandwidth Slicing for Latency.- Distributed Energy Sharing: Concurrency and Connectivity Control.- Decentralized P2P Trading: Communication Synchronization Control.

Cyber-physical Virtual Power Plants (VPPs), a revolutionary framework designed to harness the collective potential of distributed energy resources (DERs) via communication technologies, are crucial for integrating large of renewable generators into future energy grids securely and cost-effectively. This is the pioneering book that systematically explains and explores the operation and control of VPPs from a cyber-physical perspective. Born out of the authors’ continuous research and engineering practice in the field of VPPs, this book lays the theoretical foundation for the topic and thoroughly presents straightforward solutions to the challenges encountered in cyber-physical VPPs. This book is a useful reference for researchers, graduates, and engineers interested in and working on VPPs, cyber-physical system designs, and Internet of Things applications.

Mechanical Power Engineering

Introduction.- State Estimation via Composite Optimization.- State Estimation from Rank One Measurements.- State Estimation and Forecasting via Deep Unrolled Neutral Networks.- Data Graph Prior for State Estimation.- Stochastic Optimization.- Conclusion.

This book introduces a pioneering framework for monitoring and controlling autonomous energy systems, distinguished by its use of physics-informed deep neural networks. These networks provide accurate estimations and forecasts, interlacing with advanced composite optimization algorithms to simplify the complex processes of state estimation. This approach not only boosts operational efficiency but also maximizes flexibility through a data-driven methodology integrated with physics-based principles. The framework leverages the power of neural networks to define the intricate relationship between system states and control policies, offering precise, robust control strategies that adapt to dynamically changing system conditions. This book is essential reading for professionals looking to enhance the performance and flexibility of energy systems through cutting-edge technology.

Sustainable Architecture/Green Buildings

General Introduction.- Climate Responsive Building Design.- Building Energy Simulation And Energy Decarbonisation.- Thermal Comfort.- Daylighting.- Building Occupancy And Management.- Local Sustainable Materials And Circularity.- Emerging Circular Materials.- Indigenous Construction Methods And Appropriate Technology.- Renewable: Solar Energy.

This book focuses on the demand side approach in building decarbonisation within the context of developing countries. This book is embedded within the poverty-urbanisation framework and provides understanding of the unique challenges faced by developing countries. It provides key pathways for decarbonising the demand side of building energy in developing economies.    This book is divided into five parts. The first part provides introduction to the building energy industry within the developing context and a backdrop on decarbonisation. This establishes the main theme as well the key concepts that will undergird the discussion of the pathways within the book. The second part delves into building design and various elements that influence building decarbonisation at the design stage. The third part explores the building material and looks at local sustainable materials, emerging circular materials and various indigenous construction methods. The fourth part looks at the array of renewable technologies available, the challenges and the level of uptake. Further, it proffers solutions on increasing their usage within the developing country context. The final part goes into issues related with building assessment, building regulations and urbanisation.    This book provides a guide for emerging countries' demand-side decarbonisation of building energy.

Electric vehicles in the history of road transportation.- Decarbonizing road transportation.- The electric vehicle transition.- Electric vehicle transition policies and strategies.- Transition to zero-emission vehicles: Case studies of Norway and China.- Technology and subsidies in the depreciation of electric vehicles.- Modelling the used vehicle market share in the electric vehicle transition.- The second-hand market in the electric vehicle transition.- Is the grid ready for the electric vehicle transition?- Way forward: A full transition to electric vehicles.

This book describes the transition from gasoline-powered vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs), which is the most effective strategy for decarbonizing land transportation. This shift can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels, paving the way for a sustainable transport system. Increased EV adoption has the potential to lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions substantially, with projections suggesting that emissions from fuel production lead to “net zero” by 2040 through energy-sector decarbonization. This book explores recent advancements in EV adoption across various regions, which are largely driven by government policies such as subsidies and regulations that make EV ownership more accessible compared to traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Despite these favorable policies, the rate of EV adoption has not met expectations, highlighting a gap between policy intent and environmental impact. This book examines critical issues such as rapid depreciation and technological evolution. It emphasizes the interplay between advancements in EV technology—particularly lithium-ion batteries and artificial intelligence—and their implications for sustainable development. The text stresses importance of achieving zero-carbon emissions and fostering sustainable practices across scientific, technological, and economic dimensions. Ultimately, this book serves as a vital resource for understanding how effective transportation technologies can contribute to a cleaner environment and sustainable future. This comprehensive book is tailored for undergraduate and postgraduate engineering students, as well as professionals and researchers in environmental science, electrical engineering, transportation, and renewable energy sectors.

Decarbonization of Transport Energy Installations in the Context of Sustainable Development Strategies

Industrial and Production Engineering

The Critical Role of Leadership in the Era of Industry 5.0.- System Theory Computing Elements Comparison: Two Modelling Examples Towards Sustainability.- The synergy of university innovation ecosystem, education and science as a key factor in ensuring the implementation of sustainable development strategies.- Challenges and the Latest Trends of Application of Transport ICEs as a Long-Term Prospect Energy Generating Means.

This book explores global challenges related to sustainable development and the environmental impact of human activity, focusing on strategies outlined in the UN Sustainable Development Goals, Industry 4.0, and Industry 5.0. It highlights the role of research and innovation in decarbonizing the economy and ensuring access to clean energy through solutions such as green hydrogen, circular economy principles, and responsible consumption and production. With a particular emphasis on transport energy systems, the book examines decarbonization strategies, hybrid energy systems, thermal pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions, alongside innovations in system design, alternative fuels, process modeling, and the application of digital twins for research and optimization. 

1. Decarbonizing power generation sectors.- 2. Fuels characteristics for thermal power plants.- 3. Cofiring technology concept.- 4. Integrated gasification combined cycle power plants utilizing biomass waste Energy efficient recovery.- 5. Cofiring potential of biomass waste ash behaviour and the effects of additives on deposit formation.- 6. A comprehensive review on hydrogen-based fuel utilization in power generation combining hydrogen, ammonia and methane.- 7. Integration of a natural gas fuelled chemical looping combustion process within an industrial boiler.- 9. Integrating fuel cell technology in microgrid systems for lower carbon emission.- 10. Utilizing hydrogen as energy storage to address electricity grid issues.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of important issues and topics concerning the combustion and cofiring of biomass and hydrogen-based fuels such as ammonia in the power generation sector. In recent years, the energy sector has been responsible for around three-quarters of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Cofiring of coal with agricultural and forestry wastes and low-emissions hydrogen and ammonia could reduce GHG emissions from power plants and may offer a cheaper option to achieve Net Zero Emissions (NZE). This book provides an updated review of combustion and co-combustion technologies, especially for ammonia and hydrogen cofiring, which includes technical issues, emission reduction, and by-product problems. It goes into an in-depth discussion of hydrogen and ammonia "exclusive" combustion for power generation to reduce CO2 emissions. The content caters to students, academic and industry researchers, and policymakers who are interested in decarbonizing power generation sectors using biomass and hydrogen-based fuels.

Offshore Engineering

Part 1 Bottom-Founded Offshore Wind Turbines : - Introduction; - Materials And Welding.-  Environmental Conditions.- Loads.-  Structure And Foundation Design.- Equipment And Systems; - Surveys.- Appendices. Part 2 Floating Offshore Wind Turbines: General, - - Materials And Welding;   General Design Requirements.- Environmental Conditions.- Loads.- Global Performance Analysis.- Design Of Floating Substructures.- Design Of Station Keeping Systems.- Stability And Watertight/ Weathertight Integrity.- Machinery, Equipment And Systems, - Surveys.- Appendices. Part 3 Global Performance and Integrated Load Analysis for Offshore Wind Turbines: -Introduction.- Integrated Load Analysis for Bottom-Founded Offshore Wind Turbines.- Integrated Load Analysis for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines.- Global Performance And Mooring Analysis For Floating Offshore Wind Turbines.- Suggestions For Numerical Simulations.

This extensive and expansive book focuses on three core areas of detail: the design, construction, and classification criteria for offshore bottom-load wind turbines; offshore floating-load wind turbines; and the global performance and integrated load analysis of offshore wind turbines. The book explains the rules and regulations (as they currently exist) around the design and building of offshore wind turbines and then analyzes their performance parameters around the globe. For context, the book includes simulations based on models across varying operational conditions including wind loads, snow and ice, rain, and other typical maritime conditions. This book makes ideal reading for offshore engineers, surveyors, and engineering students at university looking to go into the offshore and renewables industry. Key concepts such as integrated load analysis, dynamic modeling, and environmental impact are thoroughly examined. The chapters offer insights into frequency-domain and time-domain analyses, coupled with practical case studies on foundation modeling and mooring systems. Readers will uncover critical discussions on aerodynamic loads, seismic impacts, and fatigue assessments. This book is an essential resource for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of offshore wind turbine technology. Ideal for engineers, surveyors, and students in the field of offshore engineering, this book serves as a vital reference for professionals and academics alike. Whether readers are involved in the design or development of renewable energy projects or are students aspiring to enter this dynamic industry, Fatima Aderouane’s expertise offers invaluable guidance. This work is particularly relevant for those associated with institutions focusing on renewable energy engineering and offshore technology.

Energy System Transformation

1 Introduction to the Digital and Energy Transition.- 2 The challenges and opportunities of digitalisation in the energy sector.- 3 Approaches of digital technologies in the transformation of the energy sector.- 4 Digital regulations and strategies for the energy transition.- 5 Using virtual reality as a   digital lever to accelerate the energy transition.- 6 Tools and software for simulating energy systems.- 7 The design of intelligent systems to contribute to the development of the energy transition.- 8 Optimising energy efficiency through intelligent energy technologies.- 9 Using artificial intelligence to promote a sustainable energy transition.- 10 Ethical considerations in the adoption of digitalisation for the energy transition.- 11 Implementing the digital enterprise in the energy sector.- 12 Anticipating trends and the emerging new professions in smart energy by 2050.

This book gives an insight into the laws, regulations and ethics involved in adopting digital technologies to promote the energy transition. The current global development requires a deep understanding and a well-adopted strategy. The energy transition is an essential lever for global development, whether in terms of energy consumption or the protection of biodiversity in order to combat climate change, which is threatening living beings. Climate change is not only threatening living beings, it is also threatening natural resources and, in particular, causing water stress, which is currently a major issue. The energy transition is therefore the key to solving these challenges by adopting purely renewable consumption to reduce the impact of fossil fuels. But how is energy transition contributing to development? Clearly, digitalisation is the current trend. So the idea is to use digital tools to achieve what we call an innovative energy transition. This edited book aims to present how digital technologies contribute to the energy transition. It discusses the approaches, challenges and opportunities of applying digitalisation in the energy sector to ensure an innovative energy transition. This digitisation can then be used to optimise energy efficiency using intelligent energy technologies. To ensure an innovative energy transition, the book encourages readers to discover artificial intelligence and energy simulation programmes. Finally, the book presents the concept of the digital enterprise in the energy sector and the emerging trends in smart energy professions up to 2050.

Electrical Power Engineering

Introduction to Digitalisation and Local Energy Systems.- Key Technologies in the Digitalisation of Local Energy Systems.- Data Analytics and Energy Management of Local Energy Systems- Integration of Renewable Energy Sources into Local Energy Systems.- Demand-side Management and Energy Efficiency of Local Energy Systems.- Electric Vehicles and Local Energy Systems.- Energy Storage Solutions for Local Energy Systems.- Virtual Power Plants and Local Energy Systems.- Law, Policy, Regulation, and Future Perspectives of Local Energy Systems.- Extreme Climate Events and Resilience of Local Energy Systems.- Cybersecurity and Data Privacy in Local Energy Systems.- Local Energy System from Developing Country: A Case in Pakistan.- Concluding Remarks.

This book is a comprehensive guide to the digitalisation of local energy systems, exploring the latest technologies and strategies for enhancing efficiency, resilience, and sustainability. Written by leading experts in the field, the book covers key topics such as smart grids, IoT devices, blockchain technology, data analytics, renewable energy integration, demand-side management, electric vehicles, energy storage, virtual power plants, policy and regulation, and cybersecurity. With real-world case studies and examples of cutting-edge research, this book provides valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in the energy sector. The book is particularly relevant for professionals working on the transition to net zero and the decarbonisation of local energy systems.   The book has the following unique features:   1. Comprehensive coverage: This book offers a comprehensive guide to the digitalisation of local energy systems, covering a range of topics from smart grids and renewable energy integration to demand-side management and cybersecurity.   2. Cutting-edge research: The book includes cutting-edge research and real-world case studies from leading experts in the field, providing readers with valuable insights into the latest developments and trends.   3. Interdisciplinary approach: The book takes an interdisciplinary approach to the digitalisation of local energy systems, drawing on expertise from engineering, data science, policy, and regulation.   4. Net zero focus: The book is particularly relevant for professionals working on the transition to net zero and the decarbonisation of local energy systems, providing practical strategies for enhancing efficiency, resilience, and sustainability.   5. Global perspective: The book features contributions from authors based in the UK, USA, China, Ireland, Sweden, and Singapore, providing a global perspective on the digitalisation of local energy systems and its implications for the energy sector worldwide.

Mechanical and Thermal Energy Storage

Introduction and Definitions.- DER Assets.- Active Distribution Network Systems.- Active Distribution Network Planning and Operation.- Rural Electrification.- Off-Grid Systems.- Outlook and Future Prospects.

This CIGRE Green Book presents an overview of the operation of distributed energy resources (DER) and their role in enabling active distribution networks. The content draws on the expertise and work of CIGRE’s Study Committee C6 (Active Distribution Systems and Distributed Energy Resources) and is the result of five years of development by the committee’s working groups. The book includes descriptions of DER assets, network systems, planning and operation, rural and off‑grid systems, and future prospects. By describing international developments and providing several examples of DER applications, it serves as a valuable guide for researchers and practitioners interested in the subject. Readers who would like to comment on any of the published books or identify errors to the editorial team please contact:cigregreenbook@springer.com.

Electrical Power Engineering

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

Introduction: Basic Definitions.- Energy Sources.- Mechanical Energy and Electrical Energy.- Internal Energy and Enthalpy.- Energy Balances.- Energy Balances.- Energy Production.- Energy Conversion.- Energy Storage.- Energy Coupling.- Sustainability in Energy Technologies.- Renewable Energy.- Energy Management and Economics.

This textbook provides readers with a practical understanding of the key aspects of energy. This latest edition includes two new chapters on Decarbonization and Energy Transition Beginning with fundamental definitions, the textbook explores primary and secondary energy types, internal energy, enthalpy, energy balance, heat of reaction, and heat transfer. Each chapter features fully solved examples and practice problems to reinforce learning and application.  Topics covered include: Energy production, conversion, and conservation Energy storage and coupling Sustainability in energy systems Renewable energy solutions Energy management and economics Decarbonization and energy transition  Designed for students across engineering and science disciplines, this comprehensive guide is ideal for courses in energy technology, sustainable energy systems,  energy conversion and management,  decarbonization and energy transition. It also serves as a valuable reference for engineers, researchers, and industry professionals.  An updated solutions manual is available to course instructors upon request from the author or online via Springer Nature Link.

Introduction: Socioeconomic Equality through Clean Energy Access.- Seismic Changes in Puerto Rico Harbor a Great Opportunity.- Water Preservation: The Other Major Benefit of Renewable Energy.- What If We Build an Energy-Water Corridor for Sustainable Manufacturing at the USA-Mexico Border?.- Sustainability: Energy Balance and Efficiency.- Applications of Energy Conversion for Renewable Energy.- Fuel Cells & Hydrogen for Future Energy Security.- Fundamentals of Wind Energy.- The Physics of Climate and Climate Change.- The Nine Planetary Boundaries.- Earth's Natural Resources.- From Hydropower to Renewable Energy Diversity.- Witnessing Global Warming.- A Summary of Renewable Energy Sources in the US.- AI & Renewable Energy.- Introduction to Artificial Intelligence for Renewable Energy Systems.- AI for Resource Assessment and Forecasting.- AI for System Design, Control, and Optimization.- AI for Grid Integration, Demand Management, and Storage.- Industry 4.0/ Industry 5.0.- Sustainable Agriculture.- Laws and Equations That Every Scientist Should Know.- The Golden Mean in Science.- Biomimetics: From Nature to Aerospace Exploration.- Ethics and Bioethics Research.- Optical Spectroscopy for Environmental Applications.- Quantum Dots from Algae. Preparation and Characterization.

This book examines essential topics related to energy, sustainability, carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture, coastal protection and resilience strategies, and energy security. It begins with an introduction to the fundamental concepts of energy and energy conversion, followed by a detailed discussion of solar and wind energy technologies, as well as the application of artificial intelligence for quantifying energy resources. In subsequent chapters, the book addresses a variety of critical subjects, including socioeconomic equality, the significant changes occurring in Puerto Rico that create new opportunities, water conservation, and the development of an energy-water corridor to promote sustainable economic growth. It also covers the physics of climate change and sustainable agriculture practices. Additionally, the book features specialized lectures that explore various interdisciplinary aspects of sustainability and environmental resilience. Readers of the book will become familiar not only with the fundamental topics of energy and renewable energy but also with challenging topics that will impact the energy security and coastal resilience of the United States, Puerto Rico, and the Caribbean Islands.

Energy Policy, Economics and Management

Energy Systems and Applications.- Energy Efficiency and Management.- Energy Exergy and Environment.- Renewable and Waste Energy Systems and Power Technologies.- Green Technology and Applications.

Energy Management, Volume One: Green Transition, addresses essential issues related to energy efficiency, social awareness, and climate change. It provides insights into the latest energy management trends and innovations while focusing on climate action and the green transition. It brings together different elements of the energy field, including sectoral, scientific, and demand-related aspects. The authors, a global group of researchers, scientists, engineers, practitioners, and policymakers, present new technologies, developments, and strategies to improve environmental sustainability. Coverage encompasses renewable and waste energy systems, energy efficiency, exergy analysis, green technology and applications, and power system technology. Key points are illustrated with case studies, situational analyses, and development examples.

Energy System Transformation

Quadratic and Cubic Product Systems.- Inflection Singularity and Bifurcation Dynamics.- Saddle-node and hyperbolic-flow singular dynamics.

This book explores the critical role of energy management in addressing global challenges such as climate change, economic sustainability, and environmental conservation. As energy remains a pivotal force in all industries worldwide, managing energy efficiency has become paramount. The book delves into various aspects of energy management, emphasizing its synergy with energy technology and innovation culture. Essential coverage includes:The relationship between energy rationality and environmental sustainability; Advanced methodologies such as exergy and entropy-based approaches to optimize energy utilization and minimize waste;The importance of sector-specific decarbonization strategies in achieving sustainability goals. Energy Rationality and Management for Decarbonization serves as a comprehensive guide for policymakers, corporate leaders, and researchers interested in harnessing the power of efficient energy management to drive sustainable development and address pressing global challenges.

Electrical Power Engineering

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

Necessity of storage in renewable energy systems.- Overview on storage systems used in renewable energy system.- Storage systems used in photovoltaic energy system.- Storage in wind turbine systems.- Storage systems used in hybrid energy system.- Modeling of Storage Systems.- Energy management control of multi storage.- Applications of storage and multi storage in both PV, wind and hybrid systems.- Challenges and future perspectives of storage in RES.- The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Energy Storage.- References.

This book explains single storage and multi-storage systems within the context of renewable energy applications and covers the latest developments. In renewable energy systems, energy storage plays a pivotal role in ensuring reliability, efficiency, and grid stability, particularly due to the intermittent and unpredictable nature of renewable sources such as solar and wind. The integration of storage solutions enables excess energy produced during peak generation periods to be stored and used later during periods of low generation, thereby mitigating supply-demand mismatches and enhancing overall system performance. The choice between these storage architectures depends on various factors including grid requirements, load profiles, economic constraints, and the nature of the renewable energy source. As renewable energy continues to expand globally, intelligent storage design and control have become essential to ensure optimal integration into power systems. Through eleven well-structured chapters, this book offers a comprehensive and multidisciplinary exploration of energy storage in renewable energy systems. It spans from fundamental concepts and modeling techniques to advanced control strategies and artificial intelligence applications, making it a valuable resource for students, researchers, and engineers involved in the field of renewable energy and smart grid technologies.

Energy Grids and Networks

Part 1: Introduction to Energy Systems Integration.- Part 2: Demand Response.- Part 3: Water-Energy-Food Nexus.- Part 4: Storage and Hydrogen.- Part 5: Energy Communities.- Part 6: Offshore and Wind Farms.- Part 7: Electric Vehicles and Transportation.- Part 8: Applications.

This book offers a comprehensive approach to energy systems integration (ESI) that optimizes the design and operation of energy systems, maximizing the benefits of all components while minimizing potential negative impacts. By coordinating the production, distribution, and utilization of energy from diverse sources, ESI ensures the most efficient and cost-effective fulfillment of end-users' needs. The true value of ESI lies in its ability to harmonize interconnected systems, enabling the production and supply of energy in its various forms to achieve reliability, environmental sustainability, and economic viability at appropriate scales. Through the analysis and design of integrated energy systems, often referred to as multi-energy systems (MES), decision-makers and industry professionals gain valuable insights into the optimal strategies required to fulfill these objectives while considering contextual conditions and operational constraints. The book explores the design, modeling, supervising, and controlling of energy systems but also examines how these approaches can be seamlessly integrated into future MES through innovative and ESI processes. Through its comprehensive analysis and forward-thinking approach, this book serves as a vital resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking to navigate the complexities of energy systems integration and leverage the potential of renewable energy for a sustainable future.  

Energy System Transformation

Energy Policy, Economics and Management

Undergraduate textbook

I: FUNDAMENTALS OF ENERGY TECHNOLOGY AND POLICY.- Introduction to Key Questions and Concepts.- Physical Fundamentals: Sun, Earth, People, and Food.- U.S. Energy Production and Consumption.- Global Energy Production and Consumption.- Energy in Low-Income Countries.- The Science of Climate Change.- Market Failures and Policy Solutions.- Push and Pull: Energy Markets and Consumer Choices.- II: ENERGY FUELS, SERVICES, AND POLICIES.- Electricity Production and Supporting Technologies.- Electric Grid and Its Governance.- Grid Reliability, Resilience, and Security.- Renewable Electricity and Storage.- Policies To Promote Renewable Energy.- Shifting Inventories of Coal, Petroleum, and Natural Gas.- Fossil Fuel Subsidies and Regulations.- Geopolitics of Petroleum.- Nuclear Power and Waste.- Transportation Fuels: Gasoline, Diesel, and Alternatives.- Highway Transportation: Efficiency and Emissions Standards.- Electric Vehicles.- Energy-Efficient Buildings.- Industrial Energy Use.- Policies to Promote Efficient and Smart Energy Use in Buildings and Industry.- Life Cycle Assessment.- Evaluating Energy Programs and Policies and Cost/Benefit Analysis.- III: ENERGY RESILIENCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT.- Energy and Climate Resilience.- Climate Mitigation.- Climate Adaptation.- The Role of the Courts and the U.S. Clean Air Act.- International Accords and the Paris Agreement.- Corporate Sustainability and the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Framework.- IV: MARKET AND TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION.- Carbon Pricing, Credits, Offsets, and Markets.- Carbon Capture and Sequestration.- Aviation Innovation.- Hydrogen, Nitrogen,  and Ammonia.- Combined Heat and Power: Next Generation Platform.- Critical Materials.- V: ENERGY FUTURES.- The Future of Energy: Global Connectivity or Local Self-Reliance.- Participatory Planning.- Equitable Policies and Pathways.- Diffusion of Technology and Policy Innovations.- Artificial Intelligence and Energy.- Affluence and Sustainability: Energy Sufficiency.- Conclusions and Grounds for Optimism.

This book examines the challenge of achieving a clean, secure, and prosperous energy transition effectively and equitably and explains how society’s reliance on fossil fuels contributes to climate change. To tackle this challenge, the authors address tough questions and explore solutions for transitioning to cleaner energy sources, using energy more efficiently, and implementing nature-based solutions. This classroom-tested text provides students with a solid understanding of current energy markets and how they could evolve with the adoption of alternative technologies and policies. It covers the mechanisms that promote change, focusing on a polycentric governance approach and the roles of public policy, science, and innovation, as well as social, cultural, and business-based movements. Major topics include the science of climate change, the role of energy in the economy, environmental externalities, cost-benefit analysis, policy instrument choices, systems and frameworks, justice and equity, technology learning curves, and policy diffusion. An introduction to key frameworks, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and modeling enable students to engage in the debate around energy policy, technology issues, and data analytics. Energy Technology and Policy Innovation is essential reading for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, energy industry professionals, policymakers, scientists, and concerned citizens interested in environmental and energy engineering, sustainability, or climate science who want an introduction to energy technologies, environmental science, public policies, and markets for sustainable products and services. Provides readers with an introduction to key concepts along with numerous figures, graphics, and case studies; Offers an illustration of cost-benefit analysis and descriptions of core scientific principles; Includes calculations and quizzes, essay questions, and qualitative assignments, along with an instructor’s manual. “In Energy Technology and Policy Innovation, the reader will receive an expert, practical, and immediately applicable set of tools to analyze the decisions – technical, economic, political, and social – that arise every time an energy technology or energy system decision needs to be made.” —Daniel M. Kammen, Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Energy, Johns Hopkins University

Computational Intelligence

General Introduction.- Comprehensive Conceptual Introduction to Virtual Power Plants.- Control Architecture of Virtual Power Plants.- General Part of the Engineering Guide.- Prerequisite Condition and Feasibility Determinationy.- Planning.- Detail Design and Technical Implementation.- Financial analysis.- AI within reach.

This book is basically for the construction of virtual power plant. According to the actual needs of the construction of virtual power plant project, the overall structure of virtual power plant and the selection and configuration of electric energy resources are optimized from the user's demand and the internal and external conditions of the construction. The construction of virtual power plant is based on the digitalization and virtualization of the traditional power business process, and it is a multidisciplinary application of comprehensive technology. From the perspective of power grid operation management and power trading market, virtual power plants built in accordance with unified norms and standards, and meet the architecture and function requirements include distributed generation device, energy storage device and controllable load three types of facilities, at least can achieve power generation prediction, load prediction, power generation and electricity time-sharing planning development, controllable load management, the control and management of energy storage device, coordinated optimization of distributed generation, condition monitoring and communication, data acquisition, and analysis and other new functions. From the perspective of installation and construction area, the virtual power plant is a highly intelligent and highly flexible adaptive power plant, which is not limited to a unified geographical location and site, but distributed in different locations of the power grid. This book mainly includes planning of construction scale, control architecture, design of distributed energy resource, communication network, data hardware platform, intelligent application, as the guiding principle of planning and design work in the construction and implementation process of virtual power plant.

Mechanical and Thermal Energy Storage

Chapter 1 Shipboard Microgrid System.- Chapter 2 Multi Senario Shipboard Load Model.- Chapter 3 Marine Battery Energy Storage System Model.

This book investigates in environment-adaptive power control technology of shipboard energy storage systems (ESSs), assessing its potential use to enhance the adaptability of large-scale ESS in marine environments characterized by swaying, high temperatures, and high humidity, etc., which can promote sustainable and eco-friendly electrified ship system applications under multiple navigation conditions. Studies on shipboard ESS control have attracted engineers and scientists from various disciplines, such as electrical, mechanical, marine engineering, and power engineering. Pursuing a holistic approach, the book establishes a fundamental framework for this topic, while emphasizing the importance of integrated state-power control of shipboard ESSs under uncertain navigation conditions. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in marine energy storage application technology, researchers investigating efficient energy control systems, and circuit/system design engineers working on large-scale powered shipboard mcirogrids or other energy conversion applications.

Materials for Energy and Catalysis

Introduction to environmental and energy technologies.- Bio-based materials from biomass: A foundation for green innovation.- Nanotechnology in bio-based materials.- Environmental pollution control using micro and nano bio-based materials.- Applications of micro to nano bio-based materials in renewable energy systems.- Nanostructured bio-aerogels for energy conversion and storage applications. -Biodiesel production from waste frying oils: The role of nanomaterials, sustainable development goals linkage and economics perspective.- Enhancing energy efficiency in buildings using nanomaterial-based insulation.- Bio-aerogels: Promising nanostructured materials for air filtration.- Challenges and prospective in bio-based nanotechnology for environmental and energy applications.

This book examines the coming together of environmental technologies and renewable energy systems with bio-based nanomaterials innovation. The book is a comprehensive guide for the development of energy-efficient systems and the exploration of advanced pollution control techniques, promoting a cleaner, greener future. It gathers expertise that will help tackle global environmental and energy issues by utilizing bio-based materials.  The book features: Comprehensive Content: the book demonstrates the integration of environmental technologies and renewable energy systems with advancements in bio-based nanomaterials. Topics include energy efficiency, air and water pollution control, renewable energy systems, and the role of bio-aerogels in filtration and storage applications. Introduction to Environmental and Energy Technologies: examines  environmental and energy issues and the contribution of advanced materials in developing sustainable solutions. Fundamentals and Innovations in Bio-Based Materials: surveys the characteristics, composition, and uses of bio-based materials, spanning micro to nano scales, while exploring their capacity to substitute conventional synthetic materials. Nanotechnology Applications in Energy and Environmental Sectors: explores the ways in which nanotechnology improves the performance of bio-based materials for use in renewable energy systems, biodiesel production, and air filtration.

1. INTRODUCTION.- 2. FUNDAMENTALS OF SECOND LAW AND EXERGY ANALYSIS.- 3. EXERGY ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN BODY.- 4. EXPERIMENTS OF ATHLETES’ PERFORMANCE DURING PHYSICAL EXERCISES.- 5. EXERGY ANALYSIS AND THERMAL COMFORT CONDITIONS.- 6. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.- 7. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.- 8. HYPOTHERMIA AS A THERAPY.- 9. EXERGY ANALYSIS OF BRAZILIAN SOCIETY.- INDEX.

This book explores the application of the second law of thermodynamics to a variety of systems beyond the typical evaluation of thermal machines. It utilizes quality indicators as tools for diagnosing different energy conversion systems, addressing issues ranging from system failures to the rational use of energy in society. The analysis is divided into two types: the first from the skin to the core of a biological system, and the other from the skin to the environment, known as society exergy analysis. The latter is a new field currently being developed.

Mechanical Power Engineering

Graduate/advanced undergraduate textbook

Preface.- Thermodynamics of combustion.- Chemical kinetics.- Conservation equations.- Premixed flames.- Flame dynamics.- Compressible flow.- Detonations.- Flammability and detonability limits.- Rotating detonation engines.- Appendix.

This book presents the basics of flame propagation, emphasizing the combustion of ethanol, hydrogen, and ammonia, which are fuels that could make combustion sustainable. Its eight chapters cover fundamentals such as thermodynamics of combustion, chemical kinetics, conservation equations, premixed flames, flame dynamics, compressible flow, detonations, and flammability limits. The book emphasizes important theoretical developments of flame propagation fundamentals and the significance of biofuels and alternative fuels with practical examples using ethanol, hydrogen, or ammonia, making the content directly applicable to real-world scenarios. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practicing engineers in combustion, sustainable energy, transport phenomena, thermodynamics, and related fields will welcome this fundamental and practical textbook.

Control and Systems Theory

Characteristics and Applications of Flexible Transmission Technology Based on Cascaded-Submodule Converters.- Working Principle of MMC Basic Units.- Main Circuit Parameter Design and Loss Calculation of MMC.- Synchronization Control Method between Voltage Source Converters and AC Power Grid.- Control Strategies for MMC-HVDC Transmission Systems.- Submodule Capacitor Voltage Control Strategies Under Four Typical Operating Modes of MMC.- Analysis of AC/DC Fault Characteristics and DC-Side Fault Self-Clearing Principle of MMC.- MMC-HVDC Systems for Overhead Line Power Transmission.- MMC-HVDC Transmission Systems for Large-Scale Renewable Energy Base Power Delivery.- Typical Schemes for Offshore Wind Power Transmission and Application of MMC.- Control Principles and Fault Handling Methods of MMC-based DC Grids.- Basic Principles and Implementation Methods of High Voltage Direct Current Circuit Breakers.- All-DC Collection and Transmission System for Large-Scale New Energy Bases.- Principles and Applications of MMC-Based Versatile Static Synchronous Machine.

This book consists of three major sections. The first section covers the fundamental theories of new energy power systems. The content includes five synchronization control methods between Voltage Source Converters (VSC) and AC grids, classification of VSC and its control modes, principles and applications of versatile static synchronous machines based on Modular Multilevel Converters (MMC), definition and calculation methods of power system strength, definition and analysis methods of power system resonance stability, and the dilemma of AC power system resonance stability analysis based on impedance models. The second section focuses on the principles and applications of MMC-HVDC transmission systems. The content includes the working principles and steady-state characteristics of MMC, selection of main circuit parameters and loss calculation for MMC, control strategies for MMC-HVDC transmission systems, submodule capacitor voltage control strategies under four typical MMC operation modes, analysis of AC/DC side fault characteristics and DC side fault self-clearing capability construction, MMC-HVDC transmission systems suitable for overhead lines, MMC-HVDC transmission systems for large-scale renewable energy bases, MMC-HVDC transmission applied to offshore wind farm grid integration, voltage control principles and transient fault characteristics of MMC-HVDC grids, basic principles and implementation methods of high-voltage DC circuit breakers, full DC collection and transmission systems for renewable energy bases, insulation coordination design of MMC-HVDC converter stations, and fast electromagnetic transient simulation methods for MMC. The third section covers the principles and applications of flexible AC transmission systems based on cascaded submodule converters. The content includes principles and control strategies of Modular Multilevel Matrix Converters (M3C), principles of low-frequency AC transmission systems for offshore wind farms based on M3C, principles of Unified Power Flow Controllers (UPFC) based on MMC, principles of Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM) with cascaded submodules, etc. This book is suitable for advanced engineering and technical personnel engaged in research, planning, design, operation of new energy power systems and development of flexible transmission equipment, as well as teachers and graduate students in electrical engineering disciplines at universities.

Part 1: Basic concepts and definitions.- Instantaneous frequency.- Frequency control.- Frequency quality.- Frequency distribution.- Part 2: Control and stability analysis.- Frequency strength.- Frequency stability.- Converter-based demand.- Flexible resources.- Part 3: Operation and planning.- Automatic generation control.- Sub-hourly unit commitment.- Wind and solar generation.- New reserves and volume forecasting.- Dynamic model of power systems.

This book explains frequency quality in a comprehensive and systematic way. It does so by combining theoretical and practical knowledge on the topic. It includes dynamic simulations and real-world examples. For example, the book discusses the frequency performance of large-scale real-world power systems such as the Irish, UK, and Australian power systems. The book also presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of different electricity market models, different control parameters, microgrids, topology, and converter-based demand on frequency quality. Then, the book provides an in-depth description of industry practice when it comes to frequency reserves dimensioning approaches and monitoring and reporting of frequency quality. The authors also clarify many terms related to frequency control and commonly used by the power system community. The book serves as a reference for engineers working for transmission system operators as well as researchers studying the topic of frequency quality and control and the challenges of modern power systems with high shares of converter-interfaced generation and demand.

Machines, Tools, Processes

Undergraduate textbook

Electrical engineering: contextualization and applicability.- Electrotechnics.- Capacitance and Inductance: Behavior in DC Circuits.- Behavior of Passive Elements in AC Circuits.

This textbook covers subjects related to single-phase alternating current, three-phase alternating current, electrical switchgear and transformers. It presents the necessary concepts for understanding the physical processes that appear in the most remarkable electric power machines. From Ohm’s Law to Faraday’s Law among others, the chapters provide an outlook of the basics of electrical engineering for the development of practical applications. Throughout the book, figures and diagrams are used to help the reader understand the concepts and the path of energy during the operation of electrical machines. Addressing to a first-year course in an electrical engineering curriculum, its main strength lies in connecting complex concepts to practical applications, giving students a deep foundation to understand and analyze real-world electrical systems with confidence.

Selected Papers from the World Renewable Energy Congress Med Green Forum 2024

Sustainable Architecture/Green Buildings

Part I. LANDSCAPE AND CITIES IN TRANSITION.- Chapter 1. What needs to be demonstrated: The potential benefits of an NBS (Nature-Based Solutions) project in a post-disaster reconstruction context, the case of the reconstruction of the Al Haouz region in Morocco.- Chapter 2. Energy transition and environmental sustainability in large commercial systems. A research project example.- Chapter 3. A Solarpunk Vision of the City and its Infrastructure.- Chapter 4. Innovative approaches for Cultural Heritage renovation in the Mediterranean area.- Chapter 5. Exploring the intersection of History and Morphology: A comparative study of the spatial formation in the early development of the Medina of Fez.- Chapter 6. A physics-based urban digital twin for designing and renovating sustainable cities.- Chapter 7. Analysing the Resilience of Microgrids as they Transition from Standalone to Grid-connected systems.- Chapter 8. Integrating transitions in climate-adaptive design. A Nature-based approach towards next resilient amphibious urban environments along Med coasts.- Chapter 9. Towards Sustainable and Regenerative Cities: Vertical Farming as a Solution for Achieving Zero-Carbon Cities and Climate Neutrality – A Case Study of a Mediterranean City.- Chapter 10. ECOLOGICAL AND BIOREGIONAL TRANSITION FOR MANHATTAN .- Chapter 11. Living labs to design the transition towards Carbon neutrality of Mediterranean Islands.- Chapter 12. Designing Nature Based Solutions for Climate Neutrality of school communities.- Chapter 13. Tailored solutions for the sustainable transition of the built environment: the specific context as information source.- Chapter 14. Seaweed House 2.0 Methods and Techniques to Harmonize and Improve the Living and Urban of Future Cities, Imitating Nature.- Chapter 15. SuDS-Sustainable Drainage Systems in city center. Open problems and technological solutions.- Chapter 16. Mapping urban local metabolism to support Building Integrated Agriculture.- Chapter 17. PV Cool: a hybrid solution for power and cooling generation.- Chapter 18.  Recovering street life through urban climate control strategies: a design and assessment tool.- Chapter 19. Ventilation results and CFD model formulation for street canyons applied to climate control strategies.- Chapter 20. Integrated Methodology for Thermal Comfort Assessment in Urban Environments: Validation in the City of Seville, Spain.- Chapter 21. Microclimate analysis of urban comfort outdoors by studying anthropogenic heat in urban canyons.- Chapter 22. Wind farms and Diachronic Landscapes: The identity of sustainability.- Chapter 23. Energy and Environmental refurbishment of the residential complex of Torrevecchia in Rome: Retrofitting and Demand Response Activities.- Chapter 24. Shifting to a new sustainable paradigm: nature-based solutions and circular design for the urban regeneration.- Chapter 25. An Advanced Framework for Regenerative Design in Digital and Physical Prototyping. Crafting a Comprehensive Atlas for Predictive Modeling and Adaptive Technologies in Climate Change Scenario Analysis.- Chapter 26. Adaptive technologies in flooding scenarios through NBS/SUDS. The experimentation of an innovative protocol for the resilience and biodiversity protection on the coast of Reggio Calabria.- Chapter 27. New forms of interaction  between infrastructure and the city The experience of the intensive forest in the Garbatella park in Rome.- Chapter 28. A Novel Collaborative Stakeholder Development Tool Using Energy System Optimisation and Visual Interface for Workshop Facilitation.- Chapter 29. Cities and decarbonisation: an assessment model for the technological reconfiguration of proximity open spaces .- Chapter 30.  Smart Biophilic cities: green and innovative digital solutions for sustainable urban development.- Chapter 31. ‘Getting to zero’ the university buildings stock. Boosting the renovation strategy and the action plan of the University of Florence.- Chapter 32. The Technological Design of Renewable Energy Communities: architectural implication of an holistic approach.- Chapter 33. Climate Neutrality and Global Perspective for Net Zero Policies and Buildings.- Chapter 34. CONSTRUCTING AND CULTIVATING “THE URBAN NATURE”.- Chapter 35. Comparative Analysis of the energetic performance of Buildings Integrated Semi-Transparent PV glazing systems in the climate of Hungary and Syria Title.- Part II. ARCHITECTURES FOR TOMORROW.- Chapter 36. Mediterranean Under Pressure: Architectures resistance to the Climate Emergency.- Chapter 37. Madonie Green Walls Revolution sustainable revitalization and enhancement of Sicilian inner rural areas.- Chapter 38. Explaining Positive Building definition: A Review and Revision.- Chapter 39. Energy retrofit of non-monumental, historic buildings: Limitations and opportunities of technological advances.- Chapter 40. A multi-criteria evaluation tool for the adaptive regeneration of the residential heritage.- Chapter 41. Technological and environmental strategies for the redevelopment of Outdoor Learning spaces and the establishment of Energy Hubs in school buildings.- Chapter 42. Bioclimatic Urban Renewal approach on an Historical Disused Military Area in Naples.- Chapter 43. CIS Roma Scuole Verdi: a Programme to Improve Energy Efficiency and Decarbonization  by Retrofitting School Buildings .- Chapter 44. Adaptive Approaches to Attain Net Zero through Carbon Sequestration in Heritage Sites of Coastal Mediterranean Cities.- Chapter 45. Investigating the Effect of Geometry to Approach Positive Buildings.- Chapter 46. Architectural treatments for the integration of solar energy systems on the roofs of residential buildings as an alternative solution to the energy crisis in Syria.- Chapter 47. Comfort at work: Analysis, evaluation and design proposal for an industrial building in northern Italy.- Chapter 48. Architectural regeneration between innovative technologies and cultural heritage: adaptive reuse of school buildings.- Chapter 49. Assessing climate change adaptation of buildings: a review of performance indicators in Green Building Rating Systems.- Chapter 50. Open-source tools to support local circular co-design.- Chapter 51. Nature positive buildings: systemic approaches and technological design experimentation.- Chapter 52. Holistic redevelopment of a coastal heritage area in Palermo (IT).- Chapter 53. Mediterranean synergies for the energy renovation of university buildings: three pilot projects in Palestine, Tunisia, and Italy.- Chapter 54. The Digitalization of Participatory Approaches.- Chapter 55. GREEN ARCHITECTURE, NZEB AND CLIMATE NEUTRALITY.  AN INTERVENTION DESIGN MODEL FOR DEEP RENOVATION OF PUBLIC HOUSING.- Chapter 56. Environment, Technology, Architecture. Application of green technologies for the rehabilitation and energy renovation of the modern built heritage.- Chapter 57. Adopting circular economy strategies in building regeneration through a holistic approach.- Part III.  ECO-TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS.- Chapter 58. European Drive to use Photovoltaic Application in New Buildings in 2025.- Chapter 59. Material synergies and industrial symbiosis to valorise granite scraps from quarries in Sardinia.- Chapter 60. Biobased materials for the improvement of human quality life a Km 0.- Chapter 61. Bio-based materials to foster efficient retrofitting of the existing building stock Cork and hemp to support environmental transition preserving socio-cultural values.- Chapter 62. Reusing olive pomace waste for energy saving applications in construction: development of a panel prototype.- Chapter 63. Mapping local resources in the South-East of France bio-region : climate as project material.- Chapter 63. Mapping local resources in the South-East of France bio-region : climate as project material.- Chapter 64. Experimental development and proof of concept for natural-based cool pavements.- Chapter 65. Green Responsive System (GRS): A Paradigm Shift in Urban Decarbonization in the Mediterranean Context.- Chapter 66. A zero-waste strategy toward carbon neutrality. Circular technology experimentations for life extension of non-recyclable plastic packaging.- Chapter 67. Eco-Design for Transition Architecture: Comparative Analysis for an a-scalar methodology using PNACC-defined green actions and pre-design according to Life Cycle Thinking.- Chapter 68. An Integrated Approach towards Smart Building Strategies to Mitigate Climate Change and attain the SDGs in Architectural Education and Knowledge to Reach Net Zero .- Chapter 69. When architectural design unveils the ethical and aesthetic value of BIPV: the Santa Verdiana demo case.- Chapter 70. Circular building production in the South Mediterranean area: the experience of CUBÂTI Project.- Chapter 71. From waste to resource using recycled stone in 3D Printed building elements.- Chapter 72. Low carbon bio-based building materials from organic waste: a closed-loop production model  within circular neighborhoods.- Part IV. PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES.- Chapter 73. Empowering Circular Economy Transition in the Building Sector: A Stakeholder-Centric Approach in the Design Phase for Climate Change Mitigation.- Chapter 74. ESG Measurement Tool: An approach to measure the sustainability introduced in real estate requalification projects.- Chapter 75. A systemic design-led participatory process to address meaningful impact pathways for NetZero cities.- Chapter 76. Building BIM Competence:  Learning in the DIGITAL DECATHLON.- Chapter 77. Environmental Comfort and Well-being: Unlocking Complexities of Human Behaviour towards Climate Change Mitigation – Assessment of an Apartment in a Selected Hot Urban Area in the Mediterranean Region.- Chapter 78. Housing adaptability for aging in place. Sustainable approaches to improve environmental comfort.- Chapter 79. The Moroccan Medina: Between Preservation and Sustainability in Light of the HUL recommendation.- Chapter 80. Modelling sustainable climate shelters: analysis of energy dynamics and comfort index at a public transport stop.- Chapter 81. Proposal of a Framework to Evaluate the Building Performance of Local Healthcare Facilities.- Chapter 82. Which Living Lab processes for the Renewable Energy Communities? A pilot experimentation in NRRP-T4Y Research.- Chapter 83. MED_MESS Diversity, creative entropy and  Mediterranean informality practices. Interdisciplinary and interscalar analysis of urban open spaces  as a knowledge-sharing tool for the cities’ climate resilience.- Chapter 84. Agile Approach to Sustainable-Decarbonized Strategic Transition Mediterranean Facility Management Industries: Novel Case Study in Egypt.Chapter 45. Investigating the Effect of Geometry to Approach Positive Buildings.- Chapter 46. Architectural treatments for the integration of solar energy systems on the roofs of residential buildings as an alternative solution to the energy crisis in Syria.- Chapter 47. Comfort at work: Analysis, evaluation and design proposal for an industrial building in northern Italy.- Chapter 48. Architectural regeneration between innovative technologies and cultural heritage: adaptive reuse of school buildings.- Chapter 49. Assessing climate change adaptation of buildings: a review of performance indicators in Green Building Rating Systems.- Chapter 50. Open-source tools to support local circular co-design.- Chapter 51. Nature positive buildings: systemic approaches and technological design experimentation.- Chapter 52. Holistic redevelopment of a coastal heritage area in Palermo (IT).- Chapter 53. Mediterranean synergies for the energy renovation of university buildings: three pilot projects in Palestine, Tunisia, and Italy.- Chapter 54. The Digitalization of Participatory Approaches.- Chapter 55. GREEN ARCHITECTURE, NZEB AND CLIMATE NEUTRALITY.  AN INTERVENTION DESIGN MODEL FOR DEEP RENOVATION OF PUBLIC HOUSING.- Chapter 56. Environment, Technology, Architecture. Application of green technologies for the rehabilitation and energy renovation of the modern built heritage.- Chapter 57. Adopting circular economy strategies in building regeneration through a holistic approach.- Part III.  ECO-TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS.- Chapter 58. European Drive to use Photovoltaic Application in New Buildings in 2025.- Chapter 59. Material synergies and industrial symbiosis to valorise granite scraps from quarries in Sardinia.- Chapter 60. Biobased materials for the improvement of human quality life a Km 0.- Chapter 61. Bio-based materials to foster efficient retrofitting of the existing building stock Cork and hemp to support environmental transition preserving socio-cultural values.- Chapter 62. Reusing olive pomace waste for energy saving applications in construction: development of a panel prototype.- Chapter 63. Mapping local resources in the South-East of France bio-region : climate as project material.- Chapter 63. Mapping local resources in the South-East of France bio-region : climate as project material.- Chapter 64. Experimental development and proof of concept for natural-based cool pavements.- Chapter 65. Green Responsive System (GRS): A Paradigm Shift in Urban Decarbonization in the Mediterranean Context.- Chapter 66. A zero-waste strategy toward carbon neutrality. Circular technology experimentations for life extension of non-recyclable plastic packaging.- Chapter 67. Eco-Design for Transition Architecture: Comparative Analysis for an a-scalar methodology using PNACC-defined green actions and pre-design according to Life Cycle Thinking.- Chapter 68. An Integrated Approach towards Smart Building Strategies to Mitigate Climate Change and attain the SDGs in Architectural Education and Knowledge to Reach Net Zero .- Chapter 69. When architectural design unveils the ethical and aesthetic value of BIPV: the Santa Verdiana demo case.- Chapter 70. Circular building production in the South Mediterranean area: the experience of CUBÂTI Project.- Chapter 71. From waste to resource using recycled stone in 3D Printed building elements.- Chapter 72. Low carbon bio-based building materials from organic waste: a closed-loop production model  within circular neighborhoods.- Part IV. PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES.- Chapter 73. Empowering Circular Economy Transition in the Building Sector: A Stakeholder-Centric Approach in the Design Phase for Climate Change Mitigation.- Chapter 74. ESG Measurement Tool: An approach to measure the sustainability introduced in real estate requalification projects.- Chapter 75. A systemic design-led participatory process to address meaningful impact pathways for NetZero cities.- Chapter 76. Building BIM Competence:  Learning in the DIGITAL DECATHLON.- Chapter 77. Environmental Comfort and Well-being: Unlocking Complexities of Human Behaviour towards Climate Change Mitigation – Assessment of an Apartment in a Selected Hot Urban Area in the Mediterranean Region.- Chapter 78. Housing adaptability for aging in place. Sustainable approaches to improve environmental comfort.- Chapter 79. The Moroccan Medina: Between Preservation and Sustainability in Light of the HUL recommendation.- Chapter 80. Modelling sustainable climate shelters: analysis of energy dynamics and comfort index at a public transport stop.- Chapter 81. Proposal of a Framework to Evaluate the Building Performance of Local Healthcare Facilities.- Chapter 82. Which Living Lab processes for the Renewable Energy Communities? A pilot experimentation in NRRP-T4Y Research.- Chapter 83. MED_MESS Diversity, creative entropy and  Mediterranean informality practices. Interdisciplinary and interscalar analysis of urban open spaces  as a knowledge-sharing tool for the cities’ climate resilience.- Chapter 84. Agile Approach to Sustainable-Decarbonized Strategic Transition Mediterranean Facility Management Industries: Novel Case Study in Egypt.

This book contains selected papers from the World Renewable Energy Congress and Network Forum's seventh edition of the biannual Med Green Forum (MGF2024) that highlight opportunities for energy transition based on the principles of efficiency, urban/building integration, and ecology. Contributions explore possible carbon-neutral solutions, technologies, strategies, processes, and policies for Mediterranean cities. The book addresses the transformation in the unique socio-climatic and cultural context of the Mediterranean basin, cities, and architecture, a transversal topic deeply related to social dynamics and new energy landscapes.

Energy Policy, Economics and Management

Chapter 1 General Overview.- Chapter 2 Macro Environment of the industry.- Chapter 3 Oil and Gas Markets.- Chapter 4 Oil and Gas Production.- Chapter 5 International Cooperation.- Chapter 6 Oil Companies.- Chapter 7 Thematic Analysis.- Appendices.

This book is the CNPC Economics & Technology Research Institute (referred to as CNPC ETRI) annual report since 2008 tracking and analyzing the development of the global oil and gas industry. Organized by a group of experts and research professionals, it dissects major events and hot topics to form an understanding and judgment of the industry’s development trends. It is rooted in China with a global perspective and serves as a valuable reference for both industry insiders and outsiders to quickly gain insights into the market. The basis of English translation of this book, originally in Chinese, was facilitated by artificial intelligence. The content was later revised by the authors for accuracy.

Computer Communication Networks

Wireless and Mobile Communication

Introduction.- Ambient powered network design.- Grid connected and ambient powered communication networks.- Networked architectures and System design.- Mitigating Imbalances: A consumer traffic load balancing paradigm.- Leveraging Imbalances: An energy balancing paradigm.- Joint load-energy balancing framework.- Integrated aerial-terrestrial networks.- Grid connected and ambient powered general consumer appliance networks.- Green AI driven networks.- Conclusion.

Green energy and next-generation wireless systems are no longer independent domains, rather they are rapidly converging to redefine the future of sustainable connectivity. This book presents a forward looking study outlining the design of green energy driven, integrated smart grid and wireless networks. It reimagines the integration of renewable energy with the traditional power grid, by enabling each grid user to not only consume grid energy but to also be a potential energy source, thereby revising the conventional idea of power grids. A grid networked system of such distributed ambient powered nodes is hence envisioned to potentially act as a carbon-free energy producer system to the power grid, in addition to an energy prosumer system. Through its chapters, the book outlines and highlights the importance of sustainability in 6G networks. The authors present insights on the design constraints and challenges in system analysis. The study broadly pertains to analytical modeling of spatio-temporal  randomness in cellular networks, presenting novel strategies to mitigate the effects of the dual randomness on network performance. The key ideas presented include joint load and energy balancing, optimum resource provisioning, and aerial offloading. The authors also demonstrate a wider perspective by extending the concept of energy balancing to energy aware residential networks. The book concludes by discussing the scope of integration of AI in wireless networks and motivate the need for green-AI aided future networks.     Written for graduate level students in computer science and electrical engineering, as well as industry professionals deploying large-scale green service solutions, this book serves as both a foundational reference and a roadmap toward sustainable, scalable, and intelligent  future communication networks.

1. Technologies Available Today to Generate Electricity from Sunlight & Their Current Status.- 2. New SLAPE Solar Panels to Replace the Conventional Silicon Photovoltaic Cell (SPVC) Solar Panels.- 3. Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Fundamentals and Existing Industrial Applications.- 4. Industrial Chemicals Synthesized Today from Carbon Dioxide and Its Direct Uses.- 5. Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: What Else Still Left To Be Done To Solve the CO2 Related Global Warming, Climate Change and Social Cost of Carbon Problems.

This book presents artificial photosynthesis (AP) that facilitates the capture and storage of solar energy in order to meet our energy needs. Furthermore, renewable carbon-neutral high-energy-density liquid fuels used in the present existing energy distribution infrastructure can also be synthesized by following the AP process using carbon dioxide, water, and electricity derived from sunlight. The only way to make energy, environment, economy, and life sustainable is to harvest sunlight to meet the energy needs of society by using carbon dioxide and water as for energy storage.

Electronics Design and Verification

High Voltage DC Transmission Systems (HVDC).- Configurations of HVDC Links.- High Voltage DC (HVDC) Overhead Transmission Lines.- Harmonic Performance Requirements for HVDC converter stations (AC and DC).- Impact of AC System Characteristics on HVDC System Performance.- High Voltage Electric Power Transmission System Expansions: Technology Options Available.- Modelling Tools and Integration Studies for HVDC Controllers.- Reliability and Availability of HVDC Systems.- Offshore VSC HVDC Applications Examples.- Feasibility Study of HVDC Grids.

This comprehensive guide explores every stage of an HVDC project - from identifying the need for a scheme through to final decommissioning. It includes discussions of: Comparisons between AC and HVDC transmission systems Integration of HVDC systems into AC networks; Suggested planning and important scoping studies; Cost-benefit analysis and project specifications; Environmental considerations and operational requirements; Detailed component descriptions; and Project commissioning, implementation and lifetime reliability monitoring. The book describes current AC-to-DC and DC-to-AC conversion technologies, their application within HVDC systems, and the challenges and advantages they present. This thorough and comprehensive analysis makes High Voltage DC Transmission Systems ideal for electrical engineers new to HVDC, as well as those seeking deeper expertise. Readers who would like to comment on any of the published books or identify errors or significant omissions to the editorial team please contact: cigregreenbooks@springer.com.

Control and Systems Theory

Introduction.- Mode-Switching-Based Phase-Shift Control.- Hybrid-Modulation-Based Secondary-Side Control.- Parameter-Identification-Based Impedance Tuning Method.- Optimal Multivariable Control.

This book addresses critical challenges in achieving efficient energy transfer in wireless electric vehicle charging. It shows the application of innovative control strategies, advanced modulation techniques, and optimized compensation networks to improve the efficiency of inductive power transfer systems. Upon analyzing the effects of load variations, parameter drifts, and diverse output voltages, it discusses solutions that maintain high efficiency under realistic operating conditions. Thanks to the integration of rigorous theoretical analysis and practical implementation strategies, this outstanding PhD thesis offers a comprehensive approach to overcoming real-world limitations in wireless electric vehicle charging, and original ideas to further develop inductive power transfer for other possible applications.    

High-Robust Control Schemes for Dual-Active-Bridge-Based DC–DC Converter Systems in Renewable Energy Applications

Introduction.- Unified FDDC Control Scheme for I2ACL Isolated DC-DC Converters.- The IPOP and IIOP DAB DC-DC Converter Systems.- The IPOS and ISOP DAB DC-DC Converter Systems.- The DAB-Based PPP Converter System with Robust DC-Link Voltage for Islanded DC Microgrid.- Conclusions and Future Plans.

High-Robust Control Schemes for Dual-Active-Bridge-Based DC-DC Converter Systems in Renewable Energy Applications is the first book that presents systematic control schemes for multiple DAB-based DC-DC converter systems. The book explores new control methods for various DAB DC-DC converters for high-power applications. These methods include fast-dynamic control, power balance control, soft start-up operation, hot-swap operation, and circuit-parameter estimation. Additionally, the book studies a DAB-based partial power processing DC-DC converter system designed to embed the renewable energy source and the energy storage system for boosting the utilization of components. The book also verifies the dynamic equivalence between the DAB converter and other intermediary inductive AC-link DC-DC converters, which can be helpful in designing control systems for other AC-link-based DC-DC converter systems. This book is a valuable reference for graduate students in electrical engineering, researchers, and power electronics engineers working in manufacturing, renewable energy, and utility industries.

The pivotal role of high-temperature solar thermal energy in a sustainable future.- Heat transfer mechanisms in high-temperature solar thermal systems.- Advanced materials for high-temperature solar thermal applications.- Solar thermal concentrators in CSP: Design, operation, and recent advances.- Fluid dynamics in concentrated solar power systems.- Advanced heat transfer fluids and materials for high-temperature concentrated solar power systems: Properties and innovations.- Next-generation heat transfer fluids and coatings for high-temperature CSP.- Comparative analysis of thermal fluids and materials for high-temperature CSP.- Artificial intelligence and machine learning applications in high-temperature solar thermal systems.- Computer vision and automation in concentrated solar power plants operations.- Solar thermochemical routes for hydrogen and syngas production.- Harnessing solar energy for thermochemical pyrolysis of biomass: A sustainable pathway for bio-oil and syngas generation.- Experimental investigation of solar thermal energy systems for enhanced thermal performance: Design optimisation for sustainable energy solutions.- High-temperature solar applications for industrial decarbonisation.- Experimental investigations on multi-passage finned type solar receiver.- High-temperature hydrogen production using integrated spectrally split concentrated photovoltaics and solar tower systems.- Green recovery of critical materials from spent lithium batteries using concentrated solar thermal systems.- Life cycle assessment (LCA) of high-temperature solar thermal technologies.- Techno-economic assessment of high-temperature solar thermal systems.- Advancements and challenges in pillow plate heat exchangers: A comprehensive review.- Multi-criteria decision-making analysis for a sustainable hydrogen economy in Oman: Pathways to carbon neutrality via renewable solar energy.- Design and execution of a 100kW solar system.

This book explores the recent technological development and advancement in high-temperature solar thermal technologies, offering a comprehensive guide to harnessing solar energy for industrial processes, power generation, and energy storage in the 21st century. This book delves into the science and engineering behind systems that capture and concentrate sunlight to generate heat above 400°C, providing a clean, renewable solution to global energy needs. Readers are able to understand how different technologies are integrating with the solar thermal domain to make it more predictive, accurate, efficient, and reliable. The book, the first volume in a sequence of volumes, covers both foundational principles and the latest innovations, encompassing advanced materials, heat transfer fluids, artificial intelligence, and algorithm applications, as well as applications of solar thermal technologies in various cutting-edge domains such as solar thermochemical green hydrogen production. With practical case studies and in-depth analysis, this book helps solar thermal application engineers, researchers, policymakers, and anyone interested in understanding solar thermal energy future pathways. Whether the reader is exploring solar thermal systems for the first time or looking for cutting-edge insights into this rapidly evolving field, the proposed book offers the knowledge and tools to drive sustainable energy solutions forward.

Energy Grids and Networks

Parameter Identification of Empirical Models for Head Estimation of Electrical Submersible Pumps for Viscous Fluids.- Vibration-Based Fault Diagnosis in Pipelines Using AI.- Intelligent Control Strategy Optimization of Grid-Connected Hybrid PV-Battery-Supercapacitor Systems Using Machine Learning.- Grid-Friendly Transformers for Renewable Energy Integration.- Advanced Diagnostics Methods For Hybrid Photovoltaic Systems.

This book presents cutting-edge research and practical innovations in the field of mechatronic systems, particularly focusing on hybrid energy systems and AI integration. It addresses both theoretical foundations and real-world applications, ranging from artificial intelligence and hybrid energy systems to diagnostics, robotics, and control strategies. This book offers a substantial contribution to the academic and engineering community, fostering future advancements and collaborative research opportunities.

Mechanical Power Engineering

Introduction to Renewable Hybrid Infrastructure.- Integration of Fuel cell-Renewable Energy Sources in Hybrid Infrastructure.- Hybrid Power EV Charging.- Control Algorithms for Fast EV charging.- Energy Management Strategies in EV and Environmental Benefits.

This book provides extensive coverage of recent development in the areas of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructures and its grid integration, power converters, use of power electronics and its control. This book presents how hybrid renewable power infrastructure for sustainable EV development integrates renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, with hydrogen fuel cells, enabling efficient energy generation and storage to support electric vehicle (EV) development and enhance microgrid performance. It also discusses advanced power management techniques which ensure optimal energy distribution between the renewable sources, fuel cells, and EV charging stations, maximizing system efficiency and reliability while minimizing costs and environmental impact. The teachers, students, and practising engineers can take some insight for their work from this book.

Hydrogen Integration in Energy Systems: Modeling, Optimization, and Reliability Evaluation

Electrical Power Engineering

Introduction.- Reliability modelling framework of energy systems with uniform gas composition.- Optimal operation of energy systems with uniform gas composition using linepacks.- Reliability evaluation of integrated energy systems considering gas flow dynamics and demand-side flexibilities.- Steady-state optimal energy flow in hydrogen-integrated energy systems.- Transient-state optimal energy flow in hydrogen-integrated energy systems considering gas composition dynamics.- Long-term reliability of hydrogen-integrated energy systems considering hydrogen embrittlement.- Short-term reliability of hydrogen-integrated energy systems using universal generating function.- Resilience definition and evaluation of gas interchangeability in hydrogen-integrated energy systems.- Nodal energy price and market clearing in carbon emission-embedded hydrogen-integrated energy systems.

This book explores the hydrogen integration in energy systems from a whole system optimisation perspective. The book introduces new modelling, optimisation, and reliability evaluation approaches that support the net zero transition. Global warming has been witnessed in the past few decades—as caused by the emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, it not only affects the habitat of animals but also threatens the lives of mankind in modern societies. Around the world, resulting from the excessive consumption of fossil fuels, such as natural gas, the energy sector is the culprit behind carbon dioxide emissions and climate change. To achieve net zero ambitions, energy systems worldwide urgently call for cleaner energy sources. Green hydrogen, produced through power-to-gas facilities using surplus renewable energy generation, has emerged as a promising solution. However, because hydrogen shares distinguished properties with natural gas, many fundamental questions, including how to smoothly integrate hydrogen into the existing energy systems, how to operate such a new structured energy system, and what is the systematic impact, remain unclear. To answer these questions and bridge the research gap, this book aims to develop new modelling, optimization, and reliability evaluation approaches that support the transition of current energy systems to hydrogen-integrated energy systems (HI-ES). This book sets the theoretical foundations for developing more advanced control strategies and application scenarios for HI-ES, and inform policy makings through bespoke advice on hydrogen integration road maps.

Inspection, Risk Assessment, and Mitigation for Future Energy Infrastructure

Energy Policy, Economics and Management

Hydrogen pipeline infrastructure challenges and opportunities.- Pipeline materials and design for hydrogen transportation.- Inspection technologies for hydrogen pipelines.- Risk assessment methodologies.- Mitigation strategies for hydrogen pipeline integrity.- Regulatory framework and standards.- The future of hydrogen pipeline networks.

This book serves as a comprehensive resource for professionals involved in the design, inspection, integrity, maintenance, and operation of hydrogen pipelines, addressing the unique challenges hydrogen presents compared to natural gas or other fuels. It covers the latest inspection technologies, risk assessment methodologies, and mitigation strategies to ensure the safety and efficiency of hydrogen pipelines.

Undergraduate textbook

Chapter 1: Power Semiconductor Devices.- Chapter 2: Electric Circuit Diagrams.- Chapter 3: Electrical Circuit Analysis.- Chapter 4: Power Electronics Converters.- Chapter 5: Analog and Digital Circuits.- Chapter 6: Relays and PLC.- Chapter 7: Microprocessors and DSPs Industrial Applications.- Chapter 8: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Systems.- Chapter 9: Fuzzy Logic Control.- Chapter 10: Electric Motor Drive Systems.- Chapter 11: Electric Vehicles Technology.- Chapter 12: Electric Power Quality in an Industrial Environment.- Appendix: Simulating Electric Circuits.

This textbook is designed to assist engineering students in industrial and power electronics by providing detailed illustrations of the presented theory and numerous solved example problems. The solved problems aim to help develop critical thinking, analytical methods, and problem-solving strategies. Additionally, the theory is supported by simulation examples using popular software programs such as SPICE, PSIM™, MATLAB, and Simulink. The book can also serve as a valuable resource for working engineers and technicians, allowing them to quickly address common issues related to industrial and power electronics systems, including the design of filters, driving circuits for power semiconductor devices, noise measurement, and filtering due to electromagnetic interference (EMI), motor drive system design, and PLC and relay control automation system design, as well as supervisory control and SCADA system design.  Designed for introductory and advanced courses in industrial and power electronics; A hands-on guide to common issues faced by practicing engineers and technicians; Provides numerous solved problems reinforced by simulation examples using SPICE, PSIM, MATLAB, and Simulink.

Selected Papers from the 2025 International Conference on Sustainable Innovations and Partnerships (SIP 2025)

Environmental sustainability and climate resilience.- Engineering and technological innovations.- Sustainable business and economic development.- Renewable energy and sustainable technologies.- Agriculture food security and rural development. - Society policy and human development.

This book offers a carefully selected collection of innovative research and interdisciplinary solutions to address global sustainability challenges. The contributions examine topics including climate action, digital transformation, smart infrastructure, and socio-economic strategies that are aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It outlines actionable steps and interdisciplinary solutions that tackle the complex nature of global sustainability issues. The coverage includes climate action, poverty reduction, quality education, clean energy, equitable growth, and institutional innovation. By emphasizing intersectoral collaboration and innovation-driven solutions, the book presents models that can be applied universally. Readers will gain valuable insights into achieving long-term environmental and societal resilience through inclusive and evidence-based actions. Innovative Approaches to Global Sustainability seeks to inform researchers, academics, development practitioners, sustainability professionals, and decision-makers engaged in creating sustainable futures.  

Mechanical Power Engineering

Environmental Sciences

The electric vehicle challenge for the distribution electricity grid.- Sustainably Energy-Efficient Vegetable Dehydration through Active Air Ventilation, Supported by Solar Thermal and PV Energy.- Sludge From Household Setting Tank as a Raw Material Base for Obtaining Low Calorie Gaseous Fuel.- Software-based fluid dynamic simulation of a combustion chamber.- Study of corn crop residue pelletising in a semi-industrial system.- Assessing the inclusiveness of the draft updated National Energy and Climate Plans 2030 of Belgium and Portugal through a hard-to-reach energy users lens.- An assessment of wind resources with micro-generation applied on farmland in inland Portugal.- Marginal land irrigated with treated wastewater. An opportunity for biofuel production in Portugal?.- Characterization of Refuse Derived Fuel pellets and feasibility assessment of their application in CO2 gasification.- Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO): A review onproduction, properties, environmental impact, and future perspectives.- Brewer´s Spent Grain Valorization to Reduce the Energy Bill of Small Craft Breweries in Portugal.- Application of renewable energy – The case of San Tomé Island.- Torrefaction and oxidative carbonization of pine sawdust and chlorella vulgaris.

This book presents selected papers from ICOWEFS 2024, addressing contemporary energy challenges. Topics range from energy and urban-industrial systems to governance issues, emphasizing the transformative potential of circular economy frameworks and the decarbonization imperative. It showcases innovative technologies, including energy-saving solutions, biofuels, and waste biorefining, paving the way toward sustainable energy systems. Readers will gain insights into smart technologies and the rise of hybrid local energy generation in this exploration of Energy 4.0's paradigm-shifting landscape.

Energy Grids and Networks

1.Introduction to Integrated Energy Microgrids.- 2.Topologies of Integrated Energy Microgrids.- 3.Component-based Architectures of IEMs.- 4.Control Architecture of Integrated Energy Microgrids.- 5.Control Strategies for Integrated Energy Microgrids.- 6.Basic Structure and Iterative Algorithms of Adaptive Dynamic Programming (ADP).- 7.Applications of ADP in IEMs Control.- 8."Microgrids in Industrial Parks: Practical Applications for Enhancing Resilience and Efficiency".- 9.Island Microgrids: Cornerstone of Sustainable Island Energy Systems.- 10.Microgrid Applications in Transport.

This book provides readers with a unified, forward-looking framework for understanding, designing, and optimizing monograph multi-energy systems that link electricity, heat, gas, and hydrogen. Rather than offering a descriptive overview of existing technologies, this book emphasizes theoretical rigor and methodological innovation, providing engineers, researchers, and system planners with the analytical tools and design principles necessary to develop intelligent, adaptive, and resilient microgrid architectures under complex and uncertain environments. Structured into four cohesive parts—Preliminaries, Architecture, Control, and Applications—the book integrates foundational theory with engineering practice. It elaborates on hierarchical and distributed control structures, introduces adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) and learning-based optimization frameworks, and elucidates the role of digital intelligence in enhancing real-time decision-making and operational robustness. Comprehensive case studies drawn from industrial parks, islanded systems, and transportation energy networks demonstrate practical approaches toward achieving low-carbon, efficient, and resilient energy integration. This book serves as both a scholarly reference and a methodological guide for advancing intelligent control, coordination, and optimization in next-generation sustainable energy infrastructures.

Mechanical Power Engineering

Overview of theory and practice of integrated energy systems.- Unified modeling theory of integrated energy systems.- Dynamic analysis theory of energy and exergy in integrated energy systems.- Analysis and evaluation methods of integrated energy systems.- Integrated energy system planning and configuration technology based on energy network theory.- Comprehensive energy system operation state estimation technology.- Comprehensive energy physics experimental verification methods and systems. Integrated energy digital physics hybrid simulation technology and platform.- Integrated energy system planning and configuration platform and application.- Intelligent operation and maintenance platform and application of integrated energy system.

This book provides an in-depth introduction to the dynamic characteristics of Integrated Energy Systems (IES). It establishes a unified energy network model, elucidating the complementarities between various forms of energy, the conversion efficiencies, and the interactions and influences on operating costs. The book proposes methods for the planning, configuration, and operational control of IES and develops a simulation system for the integration of multi-physical field analog, hybrid transient, and steady-state conditions. The established mathematical models and simulation system are utilized to conduct a series of analyses under typical integrated energy scenarios. These analyses evaluate the operational performance and economic benefits of IES across different conditions. This book serves as a valuable resource for professionals involved in the research, planning, design, consulting, research and development, and operation of businesses related to integrated energy systems. It also serves as an essential reference for educators and college students.

Introduction.- State of the art.- Hierarchical planning of PEV charging facilities and DGs.- Optimal sizing of PEV fast charging stations.- Hierarchical optimal planning for PEV fast charging stations.- Temporal  analysis for characterizing PEV charging demand.- Optimal temporal-spatial PEV charging demand scheduling.

This book presents a holistic approach to addressing the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) and Distributed Generators (DGs) into modern electricity markets and transportation networks. It covers a wide range of topics, from hierarchical planning and optimal sizing of PEV charging facilities to coordinated optimization of logistics scheduling and electricity dispatch. By providing practical insights and advanced methodologies, the book enables readers to develop comprehensive strategies for managing PEV charging demand, optimizing the operation of PEV charging stations, and participating effectively in electricity markets. Whether you are a researcher, policymaker, or industry professional working in the field of sustainable energy, this book will serve as an invaluable resource for understanding the complexities of PEV integration and developing innovative solutions to meet the growing demand for clean, efficient transportation.

Sustainable Finance and Investing for a Just Energy Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy

Energy Policy, Economics and Management

Introductory Concepts.- Chapter 1. Corporate Vs. Project Finance.- Chapter 2. Project Finance From the Perspective of Each Stakeholder.- Chapter 3. Developing Renewable Energy Projects.- Chapter 4. Interest Conflicts Between the Stakeholders.- Chapter 5. Public Private Partnerships and Concessions.- Chapter 6. Contracts in Project Finance.- Chapter 7. Basics of Financial Modelling.- Chapter 8. Quantitative Evaluation of Renewable Energy Projects.- Chapter 9. Qualitative Evaluation of Renewable Energy Projects.- Chapter 10. Risk Definition and Analysis.- Chapter 11. Termination: Change in Law, Default and Dispute Resolution.- Chapter 12. Due Diligence.- Chapter 13. Technology Development.- Chapter 14. Climate Finance at a Glance.- Chapter 15. Case Studies: Auction Bid (I) and Shares Purchase Offer (II).- Chapter 16. Financial and Technical Glossary.

What is project finance? What makes project or structured finance so relevant for large renewable energy infrastructure? What concepts are paramount when developing utility-scale wind and solar energy, battery-based energy storage, or green hydrogen projects? How are such projects structured to be bankable? These questions - and many more - are answered throughout this book, from technical, financial, and legal perspectives, thus offering real-world examples to bridge the gap between theory and practice. Now in its second, updated and expanded edition, the book details the role of each stakeholder in the development of renewable energy projects, the interconnection between all agreements, and the financial process from fundraising to financial close. It also covers due diligence, risk analysis, project investment valuation, and much more. A commented glossary enables readers to unpack the jargon used in project finance for renewable energy and investment management, while numerous creative figures and comprehensive tables aid understanding. The new edition explores the implications of a just transition to a low-carbon economy. It includes expanded chapters addressing stochastic and unforeseen changes that affect the financing of renewable energy projects, as well as new chapters on carbon markets and pricing, energy transition finance, ESG and sustainable investing, portfolio management, blended finance and decarbonization funds, and project finance applied to battery energy storage systems (BESS) and green hydrogen infrastructure. Offering a complete picture of the discipline, Introduction to Project Finance in Renewable Energy Infrastructure will be of value to professionals such as lawyers, bankers, developers, engineers, and academics interested in understanding the processes and components of project finance in renewable energy infrastructure - across both private and public-private contexts, and with mature or emerging technologies.

Electrical Power Engineering

Vector Modeling of Large-Scale Wind Farm.- Vector Modeling of Large-Scale Photovoltaic Farm.- Analysis of the Impact of Grid Strength and PLL on the Stability of Wind Farms.- Impact of Frequency Control on the Stability of Wind-Solar Hybrid Systems.- Transient Stability Analysis and Control of Wind-Solar Converters.- Adaptive Distributed Fast Frequency Control for Wind Farms.- Stability Analysis and Control of Wind-Energy Storage Hybrid Systems.- Active Frequency Support Control for Wind-Energy Storage Hybrid Systems.- Stability Analysis and Control of Photovoltaic-Energy Storage Hybrid Systems.- Active Frequency Support Control for Photovoltaic-Energy Storage Hybrid Systems.

This book provides a comprehensive study of the modeling, analysis, and control of wind farms and solar power stations. It starts with dynamic vector modeling methods for wind farms and solar power stations, which enhance modeling efficiency and model accuracy. Building upon this modeling framework, it also covers stability analysis and control methods for wind farms and solar power stations from both steady-state and transient perspectives. Lastly, considering the integration of energy storage into renewable energy power stations, the book explores the analysis and control of wind-energy storage and solar-energy storage hybrid systems. It adopts a holistic approach, establishing a fundamental framework for the topic, progressing from modeling to analysis and then to control, facilitating readers' comprehension. The book is targeted towards undergraduate and graduate students interested in renewable energy power stations, researchers focusing on station-level modeling, analysis, and control of renewable energy, as well as engineers in the field.

1. Introduction.- 2. Machine Learning Algorithms for Bioenergy.- 3. Pre-treatment with Ionic Liquids.- 4. Torrefaction.- 5. Co-Pyrolysis.- 6. Biodiesel Production.- 7. Anaerobic Digestion.- 8. Hydrothermal carbonization.- 9. Hydrothermal Liquids.

This book explores the integration of machine learning algorithms with bioenergy conversion processes, providing an innovative approach to tackling the challenges of sustainable energy production. The authors have written dozens of peer reviewed papers on this topic over the past 8 years and this book is a culmination of their efforts. It delves into various machine learning techniques tailored to optimize and enhance the efficiency of bioenergy processes, making it a critical resource for researchers, engineers, and students in the fields of renewable energy and machine learning.

Essential Principles, Implementation Practices, and Industry Applications

Introduction to Machine Learning in Power Electronics.- Fundamentals of Machine Learning.- Integrating Machine Learning with Power Electronics.- Machine Learning Methods for Control of PMSM Drives.- Machine Learning for Fault Detection.- Recommendations and Best Practices.

This book provides a comprehensive guide for integrating machine learning techniques to enhance power electronic systems, with a focus on real-time applications, fault detection, and advanced control systems. Machine learning applications in power electronics delve into the transformative potential of machine learning in the field of power electronics. It is designed for professionals, researchers, and students who seek to leverage machine learning to address complex challenges and optimize performance in power electronics. The book explores the synergies between machine learning and power electronics, highlighting the importance of these technologies in industries such as renewable energy, electric vehicles, and industrial automation. It provides practical insights into implementing machine learning solutions, covering essential concepts, algorithms, workflows, and real-time deployment. Readers can gain valuable knowledge on integration strategies and advanced applications, including control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives and fault detection in neutral point clamped (NPC) inverters. Additionally, the book offers best practices for selecting appropriate machine learning methods, such as integrating physics-informed models, utilizing lightweight neural networks, ensuring transparency with explainable methods, and employing conformal prediction for reliable outcomes. Beyond practical guidance, this book presents innovative ideas from recent literature, showcasing cutting-edge applications and future research directions. With its practical focus, detailed methodologies, and forward-looking insights, this book is an essential resource for anyone looking to harness the power of machine learning to drive innovation and improve system performance in power electronics.

Control, Robotics, Automation

Production of Biofuels from pyrolysis of sugarcane waste.- Biofuel production from corn stover by pyrolysis.- Thermochemical conversion of rice straw to produce biofuel.- Production of biofuel from copyrolysis of algae and plastic wastes.- Production of Biofuels from Almond Hulls Wastes.- Applications of a Phase Change Materials (PCMs) in Solar Collector Systems.- Design of an energy storage system using PCM for a solar hot water system.

This book presents cutting-edge research and technological developments at the intersection of mechatronics and sustainable energy systems. It is designed for researchers, and professionals engaged in renewable energy, thermal systems, and advanced control technologies. The chapters cover a wide range of topics focused on two major areas: the thermochemical conversion of agricultural and biomass wastes into biofuels and the integration of phase change materials (PCMs) into solar thermal energy systems for enhanced energy storage and efficiency. By linking sustainable energy challenges with practical engineering solutions, this book offers insights into how mechatronics can drive the future of green energy systems. Readers will benefit from in-depth analyses, case studies, and real-world applications that demonstrate how emerging technologies can be harnessed to meet environmental and energy goals.  

Smart energy systems and their optimization of operations.- Energy and exergy, economic and environmental analysis (4E) of double flash geothermal power plant.- Study and Development of a Logical Model For an ORC Based District Heating Renewable Energy System Considering Discrete Analysis.- Prediction and optimization of AWJM process parameters on machining of green composites using a novel hybrid expert system.

The book explores contemporary scientific issues, challenges, and future objectives in power production and energy systems. It specifically focuses on electrical energy and covers a variety of topics, including energy technology and production research, energy security and optimization, electrical energy system stability, technical reliability, biofuels, and the bio-economy. Additionally, the book addresses the current environmental challenges posed by the extensive use of fossil fuels across various energy applications. It emphasizes the importance of designing and operating energy systems in a safe and sustainable manner. Due to its interdisciplinary approach, this volume will be beneficial for both instructional and research purposes in undergraduate and graduate courses. It is also relevant for industry professionals and practitioners. Furthermore, the book aims to assist independent students in their self-study efforts.  

Chapter 1 - Introduction.- Chapter 2 – Synthesis Methods and Characterization Techniques of Multi-layer Composite (MLC) Membranes.- Chapter 3 – Multi-layer composite (MLC) Membranes Gas Transport Models and Separation Mechanisms.- Chapter 4 – Multi-layer composite (MLC) Membranes For Methane Purification (CO2/CH4).- Chapter 5 - Multi-layer composite (MLC) Membranes For Hydrogen Purification.- Chapter 6 - Multi-layer composite (MLC) Membranes For Post-Combustion Carbon Capture (CO2/N2).- Chapter 7 - Multi-layer composite (MLC) Membranes For Air Separation (O2/N2).- Chapter 8 - Multi-layer composite (MLC) Membranes For Helium Enrichment.- Chapter 9 – Computational Approaches On Multi-layer composite (MLC) Membrane-based Gas Separation.- Chapter 10 – Current Challenges and Future Prospect/Trends.- Chapter 11 – Conclusion.

This book offers an in-depth exploration of the fundamentals of multi-layer composite (MLC) membranes for the gas separation applications. It provides a comprehensive overview of MLC membranes, including their historical development, structural features, fabrication techniques, selection criteria, mathematical models for gas transport, gas separation mechanisms, characterization methods, detailed adsorption mechanisms, current challenges, and future trends in gas separation technology. Serving as a valuable reference, this book is designed for materials scientists, environmental engineers, and chemical engineers seeking fundamental insights into the effective utilization of MLC membranes for energy-efficient gas separation processes.

Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability Through Advanced Power Conversion Solutions

Introduction to Advancements in Multilevel Inverter Technology, Emerging Trends, Challenges, and Improvement.- New Configuration Topologies Development in Recent Multilevel Inverter for Medium and High Power Applications.- Integration of Multilevel Inverters With Smart Grids and Renewable Energy Systems.- Reduced Switch Multilevel Inverter Concept Based on Switch Capacitor With Self Balancing Technique.- Future Directions in Multilevel Inverter Technology: Emerging Trends and Applications in Smart Grids and Electric Vehicles Power Quality Performance Evaluation of Multilevel Inverter With Reduced Switching Devices.- Model Predictive Control and Its Application in Multilevel Inverter Systems.- Multilevel Inverters for Industrial Automation: Trends and Innovations.- Future Directions in Multilevel Inverter Technology: Emerging Trends and Applications in Electric Vehicles.- Conclusion on Multilevel Inverter Technology for Renewable Energy Systems: Trends, Challenges, and Innovations.

Multilevel Inverter Technology for Renewable Energy Systems: Enhancing Efficiency and Sustainability Through Advanced Power Conversion Solutions explores the pivotal role of multilevel inverter technology in advancing renewable energy systems, addressing the increasing demand for efficient and sustainable power conversion solutions. As the world shifts towards cleaner energy sources, multilevel inverters are emerging as a crucial technology that enhances the performance and reliability of renewable energy systems, such as solar and wind power. The book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest trends in multilevel inverter technology, including advancements in design, control strategies, and integration with various renewable energy sources. It discusses the challenges faced by practitioners in the field, such as grid compatibility, efficiency optimization, and cost-effectiveness, providing valuable insights into overcoming these barriers. By examining case studies and real-world applications, the book highlights innovative solutions and their successful implementation, inspiring readers and instilling a sense of optimism for the future of renewable energy systems. Readers will benefit from a deep understanding of how multilevel inverters can improve the efficiency and sustainability of renewable energy systems. The book is a valuable guide for engineers, researchers, students, and policymakers, offering practical guidance on designing and implementing advanced inverter systems.

Development and Prospect Analysis of New Energy in Oilfield.- Research on the application of the "one pipe dual injection" water and gas alternating injection technology in CO2 flooding of D oilfield.- Exploration and Analysis of Photovoltaic Power Generation Project in A Oilfield.- Exploration and Practice on Oil and Gas and New Energy Integration of Y Oilfield under the “Dual Carbon” Goal.- New Method of Converting Electrical Parameters of Coalbed Methane Pumping Well into Indicator Diagram.- Development and implementation of information management and engineering design system for shallow geothermal energy development and utilization.- DPCNN-Transformer Network for Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Lithium-Ion Batteries.- The synthesis and thermal storage performance simulation of graphene composite phase change materials.- Research on Geothermal Heating Production and Injection Technology in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region.- Construction and Practice of Environmental Monitoring Technology System for Carbon Dioxide Geological Utilization and Storage Projects.- Research and Application of Integrated Geothermal Extraction and Reinjection Technology.- Partial Power Converter with AI Strategy for Photovoltaic System.- Load Forecasting Using Multi-source Data based on CNN-LSTM-Attention Network.- Enhancement of zero fossil energy consumption construction in a western China oil field.- Green Transformation of the Petroleum Industry: Integration of Oil Extraction and New Energy Development.- Technology Optimization And Field Test For Improving Development Effect Of Deep Low-permeability Water-Sensitive Reservoirs.- Key Parameter Design On Optimization Of Green Electricity And Network Electricity To Decrease Electric Heating Cost and Field Test In Deep SAGD Steam Injection Well.- Well Test analysis Method of Geothermal Well in Natural Fractured Reservoir.

This book focuses on novel techniques in the four domains of new energy development, large-scale energy storage, multi-energy dispatch, and new energy applications. The content will make valuable contributions to professionals of industry and academia, since most of the authors are professors or senior engineers with rich experiences of practices, and typical challenges faced by the industry will be discussed and solutions will be introduced except for unfolding spectacular insights of research. Regulators of energy authorities will also find it helpful, since the future of energy will be expounded and new ideas for realizing the formation of new energy-dominated and more efficient and safer power system will be encountered.

Mechanical Power Engineering

1. An Introduction to Energy Management in Smart Energy Systems.- 2. Integration of Photovoltaic Distributed Generation into Grid.- 3. Fault Diagnosis Methodologies for Electric Vehicle Batteries.- 4. Development of Dataset to Diagnose Electric Vehicle Battery Faults Using Deep Learning Techniques.- 5. Performance Evaluation of Artificial Neural Networks for Electric Vehicle State of Charge Estimation across Different Driving Cycles.- 6. Mitigating impacts of electric vehicle charging stations on voltage profile and power loss of the distribution systems based on operation optimization of soft-open-point using a metaheuristic algorithm.- 7. Dead beat predictive control of a Grid-Tied PV-hybrid energy storage system.- 8. GJO Pattern Search Algorithm-based DG and Capacitor Placement in Distribution Network with Zone based Installation of EVCS.- 9. AI Driven Optimization Techniques for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure.- 10. Artificial Intelligence in Electric Vehicles for Sustainable Driving.

This book aims to find solutions to various issues starting from integration and control of next generation grids, hybrid power generation, electric vehicles, energy storage, forecasting, wide area monitoring, electrical markets, communication, coordinated control and protection, empowering the customer with tools for optimizing their energy consumption, and security for the effective, reliable and risk-free operation of the power networks. There is a requirement to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the integration of a large number of EVs and their impact on various sectors of society. This book also discusses the applications of advanced power electronics, intelligent control techniques, effective energy management, EV charging networks, the impact of EV load on distribution systems, economic analysis, and power markets, advanced flexibility strategies for smart grids, recent advances in energy storage, and research directions emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, internet of things, and machine learning.  Several developments in green energy technologies have gained momentum in recent years. This book considers the nuances of new paradigms including green energy technologies, smart grid components, the impact of energy storage, electric vehicles, and distributed energy resources in the power networks. It provides illustrative and comprehensive strategies to furnish pragmatic solutions to multifaceted challenges, ushering in a new era of heightened efficiency, unwavering reliability, and enhanced overall performance in modern smart and hybrid energy systems.

Strength of Materials and Structural Mechanics.- Material Strength and Structural Strength.- Structural Analysis by the Finite Element Method.- Structural Design of Light Water Reactors.- Structural Design for Fast Reactors.- Seismic Design.- Manufacture.- Inspection.

This book is designed to help for developing the general understanding of all the knowledge essential to ensure the reactor’s structural integrity. For this purpose, it not only explains basic knowledge of nuclear reactor structure engineering but also allows readers to learn how to systematize this knowledge as they study structural standards. This book first defines structural integrity and explains the concept of structural standards that is used for ensuring integrity, and then describes strength of materials (or mechanics of materials), which is vital as a means of designing components’ dimensions and other elements, and the finite element analysis, which has been developed on the basis of strength of materials and has been going mainstream in recent years. Subsequently, the book explains how components are designed, fabricated and examined in practice. In particular, with respect to design, the book places emphasis on what should be considered insizing of components, and provides a description of practical activities of sizing and other elements.

Introduction.- Offshore Wind Turbines.- Wave Energy Converters.- Tidal Energy Converters.- Floating Solar Farms.- Future Perspectives.- Conclusions.

This book begins by tracing the evolution of energy systems—from traditional fossil fuels to the rise of land-based renewables—and highlights the spatial and societal pressures that hinder further terrestrial expansion. It then introduces the ocean as a promising frontier for renewable energy generation.The core of the book is structured into four main chapters, each dedicated to a key marine renewable energy type: offshore wind turbines, wave energy converters, tidal energy converters, and floating solar farms. Each chapter explores the fundamental principles, system components, design considerations, and challenges unique to ocean environments.The final chapters examine emerging future directions, including hybrid renewable systems, offshore hydrogen production, clean fuels and maritime decarbonization, and the role of digital technologies in offshore system monitoring, management and maintenance.

Undergraduate textbook

A Review of DC Networks.- The Optimal Power Flow Problem.- Part I: Recursive Methods.- Product Approximation.- Hyperbolic Approximation.- First Conic Approximation.- Part II: Conic and Semidefinite Programming Models.- Semidefinit Programming Optimization.- Second Conic Approximation.- Third Conic Approximation.- Part III: Bipolar DC Networks.- Exact OPF Formulation.- Recursive Convex Approximation.- Second-Order Cone Approximation.

This book thoroughly examines the latest research on optimal power flow (OPF) studies in direct current (DC) systems, focusing on implementing various OPF algorithms using Julia software. It is tailored for both students and professionals in the field of power systems, covering essential topics such as power flow analysis and optimal power flow in monopolar DC networks. The book highlights exact nonlinear programming formulations and convex approximations, offering practical examples and hands-on experience through Julia's optimization tools. Optimal Power Flow Methods for DC Networks: A Convex Optimization Approach is a versatile resource that blends theoretical insights with practical applications. It equips undergraduate and graduate engineering students and industry professionals with the skills to effectively address modern power system challenges using advanced optimization techniques.

Part 1 State-of-the-art in Optimization, Uncertainty handling, Machine Learning methods, and Wake models.- Chapter 1. Introduction.- Chpater 2. Multi-objective optimisation with uncertainty: considerations for wind farm optimisation.- Chapter 3. Offline Multi-Objective Optimisation using Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Algorithms with Uncertainty Quantification.- Chapter 4. Bayesian optimisation for expensive computational fluid dynamics design problems.- Chapter 5. Multidisciplinary uncertainty modelling using Copulas.

This book presents state-of-the-art technologies in wind farm layout optimization and control to improve the current industry/research practice. The contents take readers towards a different kind of uncertainty handling through the discussion on several techniques enabling maximum energy harnessing out of uncertain situations. The book aims to give a detailed overview of such concepts in the first part, where the recent advancements in the fields of (i) Wind farm layout optimization, (ii) Multi-objective Optimization and Uncertainty handling in optimization methods, (iii) Development of Machine Learning-based surrogate models in optimization, and (iv) Different types of wake models for wind farms will be discussed. The second part will cover the application of the aforementioned techniques on the wind farm layout optimization and control through several chapters such as (i) Wind farm performance assessment using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools, (ii) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based hybrid wake models, (iii) Long Short-term Memory (LSTM) & Support Vector Regression (SVR) based forecasting and micro-siting, (iv) windfarm micro-siting using data-driven Robust Optimization (RO) as well as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), (v) Reinforcement learning (RL) based wind farm control and (vi) Application of eXplainable AI (XAI) tools for interpreting wind time-series data. In this manner, the book provides state-of-the-art techniques in the fields of multi-objective optimization, Evolutionary Algorithms, Machine Learning surrogate models, Bayesian Optimization, Data Analysis, and Optimization under Uncertainty and their applications in the field of wind energy generation that can be extremely generic and can be applied to many other engineering fields. This volume will be of interest to those in academia and industry. 

Introduction approx 60 pages.- Different types of Solar concentrating collectors approx 50 pages.- Parabolic solar trough collector technology thermal and optical performance design and diverse applications  approx 50 pages.- Thermal performance of parabolic solar trough collectors exploring receiver ube geometry approx 50 pages.- Performance enhancements in parabolic solar trough collectors via insert diversity approx 50 pages.- Secondary reflectors in parabolic solar trough collectors approx 40 pages.- Nanofluid applications in parabolic solar trough collectors approx 50 pages.

This book presents a comprehensive exploration of solar energy sources, with a particular emphasis on comparing them to fossil fuels regarding their impact on global warming. It covers various aspects of solar energy power generation in practice, including details about the sun, such as the solar constant, different types of solar radiation, solar time, and the direction of beam radiation. Additionally, the book delves into the thermal performance of different types of solar concentrating collectors, focusing specifically on the fundamental principles of parabolic solar trough collectors. Drawing upon historical contexts, it examines the detailed evolution of these collectors in terms of thermal and optical performance, and it addresses techniques developed to tackle challenges such as non-uniform heat flux distribution on the receiver tube's outermost surface.                

Mechanical Power Engineering

Machines, Tools, Processes

introduction.- considerations for sizing hydraulic impulse turbines (hits).- banki-michell hydroelectric impulse turbines (bmhits), a theoretical hydrodynamic analysis.- the real hydraulic flows path (rhfp) in a banki-michell hydraulic impulse turbine (bmhit).- manually calculating a banki-michell hydraulic impulse hydraulic turbine (bmhit).- an algorithm for calculating and designing a banki-michell hydraulic impulse turbine (bmhit).- pelton hydraulic impulse turbines (phits), a theoretical hydrodynamic analysis.- geometric modeling, and theoretical analyses of the energetic losses in a pelton hydraulic impulse turbine (phit).- the preliminary hydrodynamic calculation of the flow in a pelton hydraulic impulse turbine (phit) rotor.- the hydrodynamic geometric drawings for the shell surface.- fundamentals for the preliminary structural calculation of a pelton hydraulic impulse turbine (phit).- an algorithm for calculating and designing a pelton hydraulic impulse turbine (phit).

The book guidess readers in systematization, calculation, and design hydraulic impulse turbines, specifically Pelton and crossflow turbines, using algorithms that generate computer programs capable of providing a range of viable results within the limitations of currently available market technology. The turbines discussed in this volume have diverse applications—the Pelton can be used in micro-power plants as well as  large-scale power plants applications, and crossflow turbines are used mainly in smaller projects—and operate under   conditions ranging from  relatively high heads to s medium to low heads. The authors explore why impulse turbines are less commonly used in certain parts of the world  compared to reaction turbines, like the Francis and Kaplan turbines, that have been more widely employed, additionally they discuss how impulse turbines can be  particularly suitable for regions that have rugged topographies.

Photonics and Optical Engineering

  Chapter 1: Introduction: An overview of perovskite solar cells.- Chapter 2: Perovskite materials and synthesis techniques.- Chapter 3: Device structure of perovskite solar cells.- Chapter 4: Perovskite solar cells without hole transport layer.- Chapter 5: Electrode materials for perovskite solar cells.- Chapter 6: Deposition methods of perovskite absorber.- Chapter 7: Stability of perovskite solar cell: A real challenge.- Chapter 8: Interfacial engineering in perovskite solar cells.- Chapter 9: Bandgap modification strategy in perovskite solar cells.- Chapter 10: Perovskite solar cells and 2D materials.- Chapter 11: Lead-free perovskite solar cells: A real need of the world.- Chapter 12: Semitransparent perovskite solar cells: Fundamentals, achievements, and challenges.- Chapter 13: Perovskite-perovskite tandem solar cells: Basics to latest updates with challenges.- Chapter 14: Perovskite-silicon tandem solar cells: Basics to latest updates with challenges.- Chapter 15: Perovskite solar cell for indoor applications.- Chapter 16: Scaling up perovskite photovoltaic from lab to commercial market: Progress and challenges.- Chapter 17: Perovskite solar cells beyond the earth.- Chapter 18: Evaluation of toxicity of lead in perovskite solar cell: Current status and future challenges.- Chapter 19: Life cycle assessment study of perovskite solar cells.- Chapter 20: Concluding remarks and future outlook of perovskite solar cells.

Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) have shown the significant advancement in the field of photovoltaic technologies, which are transforming the renewable energy landscape through their remarkable efficiency and adaptability. This Book explores the synthesis techniques, characterization, and utilization of perovskite materials, including lead-free alternatives, tandem configurations, and novel strategies for indoor and large area PSCs. Featuring detailed analyses of the fundamental optoelectronic properties, stability issues, and device engineering techniques, this volume offers critical insights into the scientific advancements driving innovations in sustainable and high-performance solar energy solutions. This book serves as vital resource for researchers, materials scientists, and industry professionals interested in the groundbreaking potential of perovskite solar cells in redefining the future of photovoltaics.

Mechanical and Thermal Energy Storage

Thermal Process Engineering

Energy Storage Systems.-  Phase Change Materials.-  Shortcomings Of Pcms In Lhts.- Analyses Of The Phase Change Problems.-  Semi-Analytical Solutions For The Stefan Problem In Finned Rectangular Storage Tanks.-  Semi-Analytical Solutions For The Stefan Problem In Finned Cylindrical Storage Tanks.-  A Survey Of Analytical Solutions For Phase Change Problems: Theory And Applications.-  Latent Heat Thermal Storage And Its Applications.-  Phase Change Materials For Free Cooling Application. -Economic and Environmental Dimensions of PCMs.

This book offers a pioneering exploration of phase change materials (PCMs), bridging decades of scientific research with cutting-edge technological advancements. Serving as both a comprehensive guide and a catalyst for innovation, it equips researchers, engineers, and sustainability advocates with the knowledge to transform energy systems amid the urgent challenges of climate change.  This book guides readers through the evolving history of PCMs, from Alan Tower Waterman’s 20th-century experiments to modern breakthroughs in nanotechnology and composite materials. It demystifies the science of latent heat storage, providing rigorous analyses of organic, inorganic, and eutectic PCMs while addressing critical challenges such as thermal conductivity limitations and phase separation. Blending theory with practical application, the work presents detailed case studies spanning solar energy integration, electronic cooling, sustainable building design, and thermal solutions for space exploration.

Introduction.- Layout of Small Hydro Projects.- Electro – Mechanical Equipment.- Layout and Dimensioning of Small Hydro Power Plant.- Planning of a Small Hydro Project.- Field Investigations.- Hydrological Studies.- Power Studies.- Sediment Management.- Scope of Design of Structures.- Diversion Structures.- Design of Dams.- Intake Structures.- Design of Water Conductor System.- Design of Structures on Water Conductor.- Design of Surge Tank and Forebay.- Penstock and Pressure Shaft.- Design of Power House.- Hydro Mechanical Equipment.

The book explains the basic concepts of planning and design of small hydro power projects in a comprehensive manner. Construction of such projects received priority in India during the 1980s after the environmental impact and rehabilitation problems of major power projects was examined. The activity of constructing small hydro projects gradually shifted to the private sector. Though basic design and planning concepts of the two types of projects, i.e. small hydro and major hydro are the same, it was realized that the detailing of the projects is quite different. Hence, a technology for planning and design of small hydro projects was gradually developed. The author, during his long experience in teaching and consultancy of field problems, realized the problems being faced by the students and field engineers engaged in planning and design of small hydro projects and developed this book. The book is divided into two parts. First part deals with the subjects of planning including the layout of the project and the associated structural components. The second part deals with the design aspects of the structures of the project including the gates and valves. This is a unique and concise book covering all the theoretical and practical aspects of a small hydro project. The book is useful for both students and field engineers.

Planning, Operation, and Security of Communication Networks for Regulating Large-scale Flexible Resources in Modern Power Systems

Introduction.- Interconnected Networks: Advanced ICTs Facilitating Large-scale Flexible Loads.- Communication Accessibility Oriented Deployment Strategy of Hybrid IoT Terminals.- Coordinated Optimization of Power-communication Coupling Networks.- Data Valuation-aware coupling Networks Considering Hybrid Ancillary Services.- Modeling and Control Considering Communication Latency and Detection Error.- Adaptive Time-Delay Control of Flexible Loads.- Value-Based Data Governance and Security Protection.- Conclusion and Future Work.

This book comprehensively examines the communication challenges posted  by regulating large-scale flexible loads  These challenges include high access demands, explosive data volume, frequent data transmission, realistic performance-based impact analysis, and security concerns. Addressing these issues is very important for the advancement of modern power systems, since large-scale flexible loads are becoming contributing resources for the regulation purposes. This book has been written to solve these issues. At the beginning of this book, the architecture of communication networks is introduced to specify the challenges of regulating large-scale flexible loads. The interconnection of power and communication networks is reviewed to emphasize the potential applications of advanced ICTs. Part I introduces the planning and operation approaches of communication networks for the control of large-scale flexible loads. Part II analyses the impact of communication latency and detection errors on dispatching flexible loads. Part III discusses the security of communication networks for the regulation of large-scale flexible loads from a data protection perspective. Finally, the book reviews current research and introduces the prospective work on emergency communication resource in resilient modern power systems.

Electronics Design and Verification

Chapter 1 HVDC Capacitor.- Chapter 2 Polypropylene Film.- Chapter 3 Polypropylene Microstructure.- Chapter 4 Dielectric Breakdown.- Chapter 5 Deash Treatment.- Chapter 6 Long-Chain Branching.- Chapter 7 Irradiation Crosslinking Modification.- Chapter 8 Aggregated Structure Regulation.- Chapter 9 Nanoparticle Doping.- Chapter 10 Ring Compounds Doping.- Chapter 11 Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Blending.- Chapter 12 Surface Molecular Grafting.- Chapter 13 Parylene Doping.- Chapter 14 Surface Fluoride Modification.

Polypropylene film is the most widely used dielectric material in HVDC capacitors. As the voltage level and transmission capacity of the power system increase, the dielectric properties of polypropylene film become more demanding. In recent years, researchers have studied the modification methods of polypropylene film to improve its breakdown field strength and energy storage density under operating conditions, and to reduce its dielectric loss. This book comprehensively reports the relevant research on polypropylene film for HVDC capacitors. The book details the application background, fundamental properties and related theories of polypropylene dielectrics. The relationship between the microstructure and the dielectric properties of polypropylene films is described, and the insulation failure mechanism of polypropylene is discussed. The modification methods of polypropylene energy storage media including ash washing, molecular chain structure regulation, aggregation structure regulation, nanoparticle doping, polyphenyl ring compound modification, cycloolefin copolymer blending and interfacial molecular regulation are reviewed. The effects of high temperature and strong magnetic field on the dielectric properties of polypropylene films are discussed and the high temperature and strong magnetic field resistant polypropylene dielectrics are presented.The book contains the dielectric constant, conductivity, breakdown field strength, energy storage density and other relevant graphs and data of modified polypropylene film under different operating conditions, which clearly explains the improvement effect of various modification methods on the dielectric properties of polypropylene film. This book provides a comprehensive reference for the research of polypropylene film for HVDC capacitors. It can help students, researchers and technicians in related industries to understand the insulation failure mechanism of polypropylene film and make readers understand the latest modification methods to improve the dielectric performance of PP films.

Energy Policy, Economics and Management

Statistically feasible robust power system operation.- Modeling and operational optimization of hydropower generation.- Economic dispatch of wind and thermal bundled power systems.- Modeling of natural gas dynamics impact on power systems with high renewables.- Short term prediction of photovoltaic power generation.-Optimal placement of photovoltaic systems in multi energy systems.-Modeling of reactive power voltage response characteristics of renewable energy resources.- Carbon aware distribution network operation and optimization.- Distribution network reconfiguration.

This book highlights recent research advancements in the area of power and energy systems. Electrical networks all around the world are experiencing the integration of various types of energy resources including energy storage systems, and these systems are forming the future of power generation and delivery systems. There has been significant research interest in this area over the past decade. Proper designing, planning and operating such systems are crucial and the key area of interest for researchers and utilities. The key emphasis of this book is on modeling, analysis, optimization and management aspects of different types of power and energy systems and assets within electrical power networks. Interesting topics such as their planning, operation and technology accommodation are also presented in detail. The chapters introduce existing and new modeling approaches, optimization, control and management methods.