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Buffer zones at community-wildland interface
width (mile)
length (mile)
area (miles2)area (acres)unit cost (land)unit cost (clearing)total cost
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US110106400$18,081$3,000$134,918,400
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California110106400$23,116$3,000$167,142,400
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Oregon110106400$3,913$3,000$44,243,200
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Washington110106400$13,490$3,000$105,536,000
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Home hardening (median home: 2000 sf)# homesroof - class A
non-combustible siding
multi-pane windows + tempered glass
other hardening (def space, vents, doors)
unit costtotal cost
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Major upgrade -- all hardening steps*10,000$20,000$30,000$30,000$5,000$85,000$850,000,000
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Minor upgrade -- def space, seal, vents, doors*10,000$5,000$5,000$50,000,000
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Minimal defensible space -- Zone 0-2**10,000$1,000$1,000$10,000,000
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* https://www.fire.ca.gov/home-hardening
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** https://www.fire.ca.gov/dspace
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