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Schema NamePhase of Building LifecycleTypeSyntaxPurpose of the SchemaYear of OriginDevelopment StageBest PracticeLink to Documentation or Code RepoReuse of conceptsAdoption
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1BASontOperationOntologyRDFTo model building automation systems for various use cases including design, commissioning, operation, and refurbishment.2012 J. Ploennigs, B. Hensel, H. Dibowski, and K. Kabitzsch, “BASont - A modular, adaptive building automation system ontology,” in Proceedings of the Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2012, pp.4827–4833 https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/BASont-A-modular%2C-adaptive-building-automation-Ploennigs-Hensel/650540de0672bb3264764df1381b1d62e4bd4f99
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2Brick SchemaOperationOntologyRDFTo provide a standardized ontology for representing the physical, logical, and virtual assets in buildings and the relationships between them. it builds on the terms defined by Project Haystack.2016https://brickschema.org/ontology
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3Building
Automation and Control Systems (BACS) Ontology		OperationOntologyRDFTo model the domain of building control and automation.2017http://www.ontoeng.com/bacs_test
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4Building Energy Data Exchange Specification (BEDES)MultipleDictionaryXML or Custom CSVTo provide a standard set of terms to facilitate the exchange of information on building characteristics and energy use.2014https://bedes.lbl.gov/bedes-online
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5Building ontology for ambient intelligence (BOnSAI)OperationOntologyRDFTo enable the vision of Ambient Intelligence in large-scale service-oriented pervasive systems.2012Publishedhttp://lpis.csd.auth.gr/ontologies/ontolist.html#bonsaiY
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6Building Topology Ontology (BOT)OperationOntologyRDFTo represent the core topological concepts of a building by defining relationships between sub-components contained within a building.2019https://w3c-lbd-cg.github.io/bot/
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7BuildingSyncAuditTaxonomyXMLTo standardize the reporting format of information obtained through commercial building energy audits defined in ASHRAE Standard 211 by building on the terms defined by BEDES.2016https://buildingsync.net/
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8CTRLontOperationOntologyRDFTo formalize an explicit specification of the control logic in Building Automation Systems.2017https://technicalbuildingsystems.github.io/Ontologies/CTRLont/index-en.html#
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9DNAs Framework (obXML)OperationTaxonomyXMLTo provide an standardized data model for energy-related occupant behavior. The main application is energy simulation.2015https://behavior.lbl.gov/?q=obXML
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10DogOntOperationOntologyRDFTo describe, in the context of smart environments: where a (smart) device is located; The set of capabilities of a device; The technology-specific features needed to interface the device; The possible configurations that the device can assume (states); How the smart environment is composed; What kind of architectural elements and furniture are placed within.2008http://iot-ontologies.github.io/dogont/documentation/index-en.html
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11EM-KPI OntologyOperationOntologyRDFTo describe the key performance indicators and master data domains (energy, building, utility, occupancy, observation, weather, location) in energy management at district and building levels2017http://energy.linkeddata.es/em-kpi/ontology/index-en.html
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12EnergyADE extension for CityGMLDesign, Energy ModelingTaxonomyXML or UMLAn extension of the CityGML Standard to perform an energy simulation and to store the corresponding results at urban scale.2014http://www.citygmlwiki.org/index.php/CityGML_Energy_ADE
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13Facility Smart Grid Information ModelOperation-UMLTo define an abstract representation of the energy consuming, producing, and storage systems found in residential, commercial, and industrial facilities.2017ISO 17800:2017https://www.iso.org/standard/71547.html
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14Google Digital Building OntologyOperationOntologyRDFThe project aims to enable management applications/analyses that are trivially portable between buildings. This goal is achieved through a combination of semantically-expressive abstract modeling, an easy-to-use configuration language, and robust validation tooling.2020https://github.com/google/digitalbuildings
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15Green Building XML (gbXML)Design, Energy ModelingTaxonomyXMLTo enable exchange of information between BIM and architectural/engineering analysis software including Building Energy Modeling (BEM).2000https://www.gbxml.org/
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16Green ButtonOperationTaxonomyXMLTo provide utility customers (residential and commercial) access to their utility data in a standardized consumer-friendly and computer-friendly format.2011http://www.greenbuttondata.org/
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17Haystack Tagging Ontology (HTO)OperationOntologyRDFAn OWL ontology wrapper for Project Haystack version 3.2016https://lov.linkeddata.es/dataset/lov/vocabs/hto
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18Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)DesignTaxonomyEXPRESS or XMLTo enable designers to exchange models between different BIM applications during the design phase.2013ISO 16739-1:2018https://www.buildingsmart.org/standards/bsi-standards/industry-foundation-classes/
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19ifcOWLDesignOntologyXMLTo provide a Web Ontology Language (OWL) representation of the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) schema.2016https://technical.buildingsmart.org/standards/ifc/ifc-formats/ifcowl/
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20Knowledge Model for City (KM4City)OperationOntologyRDFTo enable the description of smart cities including buildings, transportations and other applications.2014http://wlode.disit.org/WLODE/extract?url=http://www.disit.org/km4city/schema
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21Occupancy Profile (OP) OnotologyOperationOntologyRDFTo represent people’s behavior inside buildings with a focus on the energy impact their actions produce. It is based on obXML.2020https://bimerr.iot.linkeddata.es/def/occupancy-profile/
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22One Data Model (OneDM)OperationTaxonomySemantic Definition Format (SDF)To support multiple interaction models among devices, applications and services interacting with and communicating about the Internet of Things. It is based on examples from actual models implemented in commercial IoT products.2018https://onedm.org/
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23oneM2M BaseOntologyOperationOntologyRDFTo provide a minimal number of concepts, relations and restrictions that are necessary for semantic discovery of entities in the oneM2M System. M2M is a standard for the Internet of Things.2016https://git.onem2m.org/MAS/BaseOntology
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24Ontology of Property Management (OPM)OperationOntologyRDFTo describe temporal properties that are subject to changes as the building design evolves.2018-https://w3c-lbd-cg.github.io/opm/
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25Ontology of smart building (SBOnto)OperationOntologyRDFTo formalize knowledge in a smart building including these main concepts; Device, State, Architecture, Environment, Furniture, Network.2017https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320566429_SBOnto_Ontology_of_smart_building
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26Onto-SB: Human Profile Ontology for Energy
Efficiency in Smart Building		OperationOntologyRDFTo provide contextual information (human, environment, services, devices, places, context-awareness, energy sources, profiles) for the smart building systems to understand the environment.2018https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8598509/authors#authors
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27OnComOperationOntologyRDFTo describe thermal comfort of occupants.2019https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3297662.3365824
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28Project Haystack 3.0OperationFolksonomyCustom text formatTo provide a standard set of terms for describing sites, equipment, points, and the relationships between them. Primarily focused on representing information from BAS and HVAC system.2014https://www.project-haystack.org/
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29Project Haystack 4.0OperationOntologyRDFTo add formal mechanisms for defining terms, a taxonomy, and an ontology on top of Haystack version 3.2019https://project-haystack.dev/
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30RealEstateCore (REC)OperationOntologyRDFTo enable building controls and the development of services around the building and smart city data, it blends together concepts from IFC, Haystack, and SSN, and adds concepts of building ownership into a single ontology.2017https://www.realestatecore.io/
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31RESPONDOperationOntologyRDFTo deploy an interoperable energy automation, monitoring and control solution to deliver Demand Response programs at a dwelling, building and district level2020Publishedhttps://respond-project.github.io/RESPOND-Ontology/respond/index-en.html
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32Semantic BMS ontology (SBMS)OperationOntologyRDFTo provide a BAS-protocol-independent model of intelligent building systems. The proposed ontology aims to represent information (data) available for operation analysis.2016https://is.muni.cz/www/akucera/sbms/v1_0/?lang=en
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33Semantic Sensor Networks (SSN and SOSA)OperationOntologyRDFTo describe sensors and their observations, procedures involved with sensors and observations, as well as features of interest, the samples needed, observed properties, and actuators. Not specific to the buildings domain, but rather on sensor networks and IoT.2011https://www.w3.org/TR/vocab-ssn/
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34SimModel OntologyEnergy ModelingOntologyRDFTo make building simulation data more interoperable with other building data2014https://users.ugent.be/~pipauwel/ontologies/simmodel/readme.html
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35Smart Applications REFerence (SAREF) and its extensionsOperationOntologyRDFTo enable interoperability among IoT solutions developed by different appliance manufacturers.2014https://saref.etsi.org/
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36Smart Energy Aware Systems (SEAS)OperationOntologyRDFTo design and develop global ecosystem of services and
smart things collectively capable of ensuring the stability and the energy efficiency of the future energy grid.		2016https://ci.mines-stetienne.fr/seas/index.html
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37ThinkHome
ontology 		OperationOntologyRDFTo create a comprehensive knowledge base which includes all the different concepts needed to realize energy efficient, intelligent control mechanisms for Homes.2011Publishedhttps://www.auto.tuwien.ac.at/index.php/research-fields/ontology
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38Tubes OntologyDesignOntologyRDFA lightweight ontology to provide a high-level description of building service systems and their topology using linked data principles2020https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bapi.202000027
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39VBISOperationFolksonomyCustom text formatTo classify and organize assets used in buildings using tags.2020https://vbis.com.au/search-and-download
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40Web Thing Model (WoT)OperationOntologyRDFTo describe the virtual counterpart of physical objects in the Web of Things. It defines a model and Web API for Things to be followed by anyone wanting to create a product, device, service, or application for the Web of Things.2015https://www.w3.org/Submission/wot-model/