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Cognitive Skill DimensionHigh-level DescriptionReferences to Standards
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Theme / Central IdeaDetermining theme(s)/central idea(s) and explaining how they develop and interact in a textCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.2
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Point of View/PurposeUnderstanding the point of view or purpose/intent of an author/speaker and how that point of view or purpose/intent shapes the message or meaning of the textCCSS.ELA-LITERARY.CCRA.R.6
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DevelopmentAnalyzing the development of events, individuals, and ideas/concepts over the course of a textCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.RI.3
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StructureAnalyzing an author's structural writing choices and how they affect the clarity and effectiveness of arguments, explanations, or narrativesCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.RI.5
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Word ChoiceAnalyzing the effect of language, specifically word choice, on the meaning, tone, or mood of a text, and explaining how word choice relates to context or mediumCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.RI.4
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Selecting Relevant SourcesSelecting sources that support answering a particular research question with relevant, credible informationC3 Framework for Social Studies (D2.His.4-9)
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Contextualizing SourcesRecognizing how a source is situated within the world of its origin (time period, location, culture, etc.) and explaining how the meaning of the source is shaped by those conditionsC3 Framework for Social Studies (D2.His.4-9)
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Synthesizing Multiple SourcesSynthesizing information across multiple sources to support an argument or explanation
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Asking questionsDeveloping focused, answerable inquiry and research questionsNGSS Science Practice 1: Asking Questions and Defining Problems. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.7
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HypothesizingDeveloping hypotheses and predictionsNGSS Science Practice 1: Asking Questions and 3: Planning and Carrying Out Investigations
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Designing Processes and ProceduresDeveloping step-by-step processes to follow in the course of answering problems/prompts or conducting inquiries/investigationsNGSS Science Practice 3: Planning and Carrying Out Investigations
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Identifying Patterns and RelationshipsAnalyzing and organizing information (including numerical and visual) to answer a question or solve a problemNGSS Science Practice 4: Analyzing and Interpreting Data
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Comparing/ ContrastingIdentifying similarities and differences and using them to support, refine, or sharpen an argument or explanation
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ModelingRepresenting and translating concepts** with models, visual representations or symbols. OR Using appropriate tools to understand and analyze situations and to improve decisions **"Concepts," in this dimension, refers to abstract situations/information, processes, and systemsNGSS Science Practices 2: Developing and Using Models. CCSS Math Practice 4: Model with Mathematics.
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Interpreting Data/InfoDeveloping justifiable interpretations of data and/or information from sourcesNGSS Science Practice 4: Analyzing and Interpreting Data. CCSS Math Practice 3: Construct Viable Arguments and Critique the Reasoning of Others.
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Making Connections & InferencesConnecting ideas and making inferences based on evidence or reasoningCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.1
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Critiquing the Reasoning of OthersEvaluating arguments, explanations, and solutions, including identifying logical fallacies and misstepsCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.R.8 and CCSS Math Practice 3: Construct Viable Arguments and Critique the Reasoning of Others
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Justifying / Constructing an ExplanationUsing logic and reasoning to justify a response or explain a phenomenonNGSS Science Practice 6. Construction Explanations and Designing Solutions. CCSS Math Practice 3: Construct Viable Arguments and Critique the Reasoning of Others.
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Argumentative ClaimDeveloping a strong argument through clear, well-sequenced claims in argumentative writing or speakingCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.1
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Informational/Explanatory ThesisConstructing explanations or conveying ideas and information through clear, well-organized main and supporting ideasCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.2
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NarrativeDeveloping an oral or written narrative that relates connected experiences, events, procedural steps, or the like (whether they are real or imagined)CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.3, CCSS English Language Arts Appendix A, Definitions of the Standards' Three Text Types
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CounterclaimsAcknowledging and developing alternate or opposing positionsCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.1
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Selection of EvidenceUsing relevant and sufficient evidence to support claims** **In this dimension, which can be applied to both argumentative and explanatory tasks, "claims and subclaims" may also refer to theses/main ideas and supporting ideas. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.1 and 2
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Explanation of EvidenceAnalyzing how the selected evidence supports the writer's statements (e.g., claims, subclaims, counterclaims, main ideas, supporting ideas, inferences)CCSS English Language Arts Appendix A, Definitions of the Standards' Three Text Types
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Integration of EvidenceRepresenting evidence objectively and accurately (via appropriate quotation, summary, and/or paraphrase) and integrating evidence smoothly and strategically to support an argument, explanation, or analysisCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.8
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Organization (Transitions, Cohesion, Structure)Using paragraph/section structure and transitions to communicate with clarity and coherenceCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.4
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Introduction and ConclusionFraming a composition with an effective introduction and conclusion, including using the concluding paragraph(s) to extend ideasCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.1 and 2
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Discussion / ContributionCommunicating ideas and contributing to discussion through questioning, connecting, and probingCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.SL.1
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PreparationEntering a discussion or presentation with high-quality evidence (notes, research, connections, questions)CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.SL.1
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Norms / Active ListeningUsing roles and norms to support collegial discussions and completion of group workCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.SL.1
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Style and Language (Tone, Academic Language, Syntax)Using appropriate style in a written product, including academic language, tone, and syntaxCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.L.3, CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.L.6
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Oral PresentationUsing appropriate public speaking strategies to engage the audience and communicate points
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Multimedia in Written ProductionIntegrating technology to create high-quality written productsCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.W.6
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Multimedia in Oral PresentationIntegrating technology to create high-quality spoken presentationsCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.SL.5
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ConventionsUsing discipline-appropriate conventions to support clear expression of ideas and informationCCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.L.1, CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.CCRA.L.2
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PrecisionExpressing ideas and information with exactness, specificity, and refinementCCSS Math Practice 6: Attend to Precision
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