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2 | Last updated - 3rd June 2020 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | We're collecting what we know about the virus and its impacts, and our hypotheses about what that means for products & services as things develop. Check out the 'What is this document?' tab for more info. Let us know if you're finding this valuable - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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6 | What we know about the virus & global response... | Broad Impacts | Hypothesised new behaviours, demand | Hypothesised product & service increased demand, decline in demand | Signals, data points, links | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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8 | ๐ฆ | Virus results in fatality for 0.5-3% of pop. | ๐ก People Increasingly stay at home Less commuting Less retail Less leisure hospitality | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase demand for ecom, home delivery | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Improvements to ecommerce experiences - full funnel, from discovery, choice, fulfilment | https://www.ft.com/content/26416b7a-6a89-11ea-800d-da70cff6e4d3?shareType=nongift | |||||||||||||||||||||||
9 | ๐ฆ | Virus is highly contagious, infections can grow exponentially | โก๏ธ | ๐ | New or better home delivery services | https://metro.co.uk/2020/03/24/ms-teams-deliveroo-deliver-household-essentials-door-coronavirus-lockdown-12448999/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 | ๐ฆ | Virus results in hospitalisation for 5-20% of pop. | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Delivery and fulfilment management platforms | https://blog.apptopia.com/delivery-tracking-unprecedented-april | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | ๐ฆ | Virus much more dangerous for older people, and those with pre-existing condiitons | โก๏ธ | ๐จโ๐ง | Retail employee tools - onboarding, task management | https://www.wsj.com/articles/amazon-to-hire-100-000-warehouse-and-delivery-workers-amid-coronavirus-shutdowns-11584387833 | https://twitter.com/coopuk/status/1240592406715777024 | https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/coronavirus-crisis-leads-asda-take-temporary-roles-and-pay-self-isolating-staff-full-2502351 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
12 | ๐ฆ | Virus can overload healthcare systems, leading to increased mortality | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | People move around less day-to-day | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Reduced demand for on demand mobility, public transit | https://twitter.com/MicromobilityCo/status/1243208335748485120 | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-52137968 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
13 | ๐ฆ | Virus likely spread via droplets/fomites (not aerosol) | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Reduced demand for petrol, cars etc. | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-52137968 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
14 | ๐ | Govs are shutting down society to reduce contact between people | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase demand for home entertainment | โก๏ธ | ๐ฐ | News, media, games, books etc. that can consumed at home | https://www.businessofapps.com/news/coronavirus-leads-to-surge-in-business-app-downloads-and-30-more-time-in-mobile/ | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-52048582 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | ๐ | Govs are redirecting resources to treatment, lockdown etc | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Sex toys, lingerie etc. ecom | https://www.ft.com/content/80e11807-3e0d-4867-9b42-bbe959a071a9?fbclid=IwAR2gcGBRxRKI65eTxH12Z-477NE44kWVkz_yQ8jDc6FZKVzOHAHQI61wwfg | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | ๐ | Govs are shutting borders with other nations, forbidding travel | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Reduced demand for 'commute media' - e.g. Podcasts | https://www.niemanlab.org/2020/03/it-appears-people-staying-at-home-all-the-time-is-bad-news-for-podcasting/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | ๐ | Govs are warning of long term impact to economy | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase demand for home improvement | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Home improvement retailers (particularly ecom), services | https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/markets/article-8161585/Surge-DIY-sales-boosts-B-Q-lockdown.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 | ๐ | Govs are introducing substantial monetary and fiscal policy responses | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for wellness at home | โก๏ธ | ๐ช | Fitness apps, digital wellness services | https://www.appsflyer.com/blog/coronavirus-impact-app-installs-marketing/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
19 | ๐ | Govs are positioning measures and situation as 'wartime' | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Healthy eating services and products | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
20 | ๐ | Some govs suggest virus response measures could continue for 18 months | โก๏ธ | ๐ช | Home gym and fitness equipment ecommerce, leasing services | https://contentsquare.com/blog/articles-and-research/impact-of-coronavirus-on-ecommerce-consumers-settle-into-quarantine/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
21 | ๐ | Govs have shut schools, gyms, restaurants, non-essential retail | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase demand for tele-services over face-to-face | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Wealth, financial advice consultation platforms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
22 | ๐ | Govs have forbidden public gathering (inc weddings, etc.) | โก๏ธ | ๐ข | Coaching, teaching, tutoring support platforms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
23 | ๐ | Govs are putting lots of resources into testing and tracing efforts | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Demand for more work-from-home | โก๏ธ | ๐ข | Bespoke secure enterprise tools that work off-site, in employee homes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
24 | ๐ | Govs are beginning to implement 'transition' strategies to lift lockdown safely | โก๏ธ | ๐ข | Bespoke employee collaboration tools | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
25 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Many people are now self isolating or social distancing | โก๏ธ | ๐ข | Remote work - tooling choices - video, chat, collaboration etc. | https://twitter.com/stewart/status/1243000497566441472 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
26 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | People stockpiled food, groceries and other supplies | โก๏ธ | ๐ข | Remote work ways-of-working help and coaching | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | People are staying at home, avoiding public gatherings, spending less | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Demand for more learning at home | โก๏ธ | ๐ | MOOC and learning platforms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
28 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | People have largely cancelled foriegn travel plans | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | People eat out less | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Reduced restaurant demand | https://www.safegraph.com/dashboard/covid19-commerce-patterns | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
29 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | People are afraid | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Home delivery of prepared food, meals, mealkits etc. | https://www.cnbc.com/2020/03/19/dominos-expects-to-hire-10000-workers.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
30 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Culture and public attention is incresingly focused on virus | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | People go out less for out of home services | โก๏ธ | ๐ข | Platforms that enable easy set-up and running of on-demand for those relying on high-street shops | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
31 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Many more now engaged with digital ways to interact socially | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in spare money for those who stay employed | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Savings and investment products for spare cash, 'build a safety net' | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
32 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Many are 'home schooling' children | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in home schooling of children | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Digital school curriculum sharing, lesson and teaching platforms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
33 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Flashpoints of public unrest - concurrent or tangentially related (e.g. in US, Hong Kong) | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for clothes only worn at home | โก๏ธ | ๐ | High quality / comfy loungewear fashion | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-03-24/telemedicine-faces-financial-and-operating-challenges | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
34 | ๐ข | Organisations are cancelling events | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in home energy usage | โก๏ธ | โก๏ธ | Energy saving products/ services (smart thermostats, home energy monitors etc) | https://www.current-news.co.uk/news/covid-19-drives-down-demand-as-lockdown-affects-usage-patterns | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
35 | ๐ข | Organisations are scenario planning & reassessing investment | โก๏ธ | โก๏ธ | Increased interest in switching to cheaper tarriffs as usage costs increase | https://www.current-news.co.uk/news/household-energy-demand-jumps-15-as-people-work-from-home | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | ๐ข | Organisation are considering or executing on lay-offs or furlough schemes | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in use of phone lines for customer support | โก๏ธ | ๐ข | Services that help companies manage or reduce call-centre spikes in demand | http://x.cd.britishgas.co.uk/ats/msg.aspx?sg1=89b0c61b6bd2b38a33a74bf0119fe980 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | ๐ข | Economy is in the early stages of a recession | ๐ข | Changing demand on supply chains - more retail, consumer | โก๏ธ | ๐ | More demand for retail FMCG (household toilet paper, cleaning products etc.) | https://marker.medium.com/what-everyones-getting-wrong-about-the-toilet-paper-shortage-c812e1358fe0 | https://www.fastcompany.com/90496565/cant-find-toilet-paper-or-flour-this-app-knows-where-to-get-them?utm_campaign=eem524%3A524%3As00%3A20200428_fc&utm_medium=Compass&utm_source=newsletter | |||||||||||||||||||||||
38 | ๐ข | Airlines, train cos events, hospitality are feeling pain, callng for support from gov | โก๏ธ | ๐ | More demand for consumer groceries (ingredients, flour in 1.5kg bags) | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-52212760 | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-52441772 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
39 | ๐ข | Supermarkets and digital media are seeing increase demand | โก๏ธ | ๐ข | Less demand for office supplies, FMCG products for the commercial market (industrial toilet roll) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
40 | ๐ข | Oil has experienced large drops in value as demand falls | โก๏ธ | ๐ข | Less demand for food supplies for the restaurant industry (flour in 25kg bags) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
41 | ๐ข | Consumer spending in general has rapidly dropped | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in domestic waste | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Domestic waste management, collection and recycling services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
42 | ๐ข | Supply chains are heavily impacted - those in China, where the virus emerged, but now everywhere | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for social-connection, companionship | โก๏ธ | ๐ฉ | Increase in demand for pets, pet supplies etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | ๐ข | High street orientated retailers are struggling | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Increase in demand for gifitng and letter sending services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
44 | ๐ข | Airlines, retailers, hospitality have rapidly cut costs - rents, wages, etc. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
45 | ๐ข | Asset prices are highly volatile - large inflows to cash, safe havens, stock market moves | ๐ค People get sick and more focused on recovering, or preventing sickness | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for health services at home | โก๏ธ | ๐ฅ | Tele-health consultations | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
46 | ๐ข | Increase in need to serve health needs at a distance | โก๏ธ | ๐ฅ | Diagnostic sensors, tools for proactive prevention - e.g. thermometers | https://www.businessinsider.com/oura-smart-ring-study-detect-covid-19-coronavirus-symptoms-early-2020-4?r=US&IR=T | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
47 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for medication | โก๏ธ | ๐ฅ | Home delivery of pharmaceuticals | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
48 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in hand washing and disinfecting | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Easy ways to buy and replenish soap and cleaning products | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
49 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for tracking locations, symptoms | โก๏ธ | ๐ฅ | Symptom tracking platforms | https://www.businessinsider.com/oura-smart-ring-study-detect-covid-19-coronavirus-symptoms-early-2020-4?r=US&IR=T | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
50 | โก๏ธ | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Contact tracing services based on mobile location | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/19/plan-phone-location-data-assist-uk-coronavirus-effort | https://twitter.com/johnrobb/status/1243686008824246272 | https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/30/opinion/coronavirus-reopen-america.html?action=click&module=Opinion&pgtype=Homepage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
51 | โก๏ธ | ๐ก | Thermo-imaging tools to spot potentially ill customers in stores, offices etc | https://www.defenseone.com/technology/2020/03/thermal-camera-market-explodes-coronavirus-spreads/164050/ | http://www.airport-business.com/2020/04/etihad-trial-covid-19-triage-contactless-airport-check/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
52 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for virus testing | โก๏ธ | ๐งซ | Mobile testing labs to move to meet demand | https://twitter.com/erenbali/status/1250147617134149632 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
53 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for hygienic or disposable goods | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Plastic or disposable bags to maintain hygiene | https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/climate/plastic-bag-ban-virus.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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55 | ๐ฑ People are afraid, seek protection from the virus itself, more protection in general, self-sufficiency | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for financial protection and risk management | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Insurance to cover health impacts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
56 | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Insurance to cover financial hardship | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
57 | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Insurance to cover or prevent poor health | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
58 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for 'virus safe' guarantees | โก๏ธ | ๐ฅ | Health services that offer more proactive testing and monitoring | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
59 | โก๏ธ | ๐ฅ | Immunity passport' services that can guarantee positive antibody tests or recovery | https://techcrunch.com/2020/04/15/onfido-the-ai-based-id-verification-platform-raises-100m-led-by-tpg/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
60 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for security, safety | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Alarms and home security systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
61 | โก๏ธ | ๐ | IoT Smart home sensors for staying safe and secure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
62 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for self-sufficiency | โก๏ธ | ๐ฉโ๐พ | Grow-your-own veg tutorials, supplies etc. | https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-8160095/Millions-Good-Life-turning-growing-food.html | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
63 | โก๏ธ | ๐ฉโ๐พ | Domestic hydroponic farm systems | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
64 | โก๏ธ | ๐ฉโ๐พ | Domestic livestock supplies, | https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/28/style/chicken-eggs-coronavirus.html?action=click&module=Top%20Stories&pgtype=Homepage | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | โก๏ธ | ๐ฉโ๐พ | Domestic specialist cookery and culinary tools - e.g. breadmakers | https://www.cityam.com/dixons-carphone-scraps-dividend-but-reports-strong-online-trading-during-coronavirus-lockdown/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
66 | โก๏ธ | โก๏ธ | Home energy systems such as solar panels and battery storage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
67 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for hygienic retail & service experiences | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Virus safe click & collect services | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
68 | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Hygienic self-service terminals - e.g. voice & gesture interactions driven (not touch screen) | http://www.airport-business.com/2020/04/etihad-trial-covid-19-triage-contactless-airport-check/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Customer mobile payment in-store (e.g. scan-pay-go services) | https://www.paymentssource.com/news/how-coronavirus-fears-could-accelerate-mobile-self-checkout-in-the-u-k | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | โก๏ธ | โ๏ธ | Building cooling and heating technologies that don't require circulating air | https://twitter.com/zeynep/status/1251556084424347649 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | โก๏ธ | ๐ | In-store / in-experience distancing and hygiene products for retail and leisure | https://www.ft.com/content/7c902798-4d90-4206-9fd4-bafa154ef1e1 | https://dutchreview.com/coronavirus/1-5m-society-amsterdam-restaurant-to-offer-four-course-meal-in-individual-glasshouses/ | https://twitter.com/IpsosMORI/status/1256146465199730689 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | โก๏ธ | ๐งน | Deep clean guarantees and services for hospitality, retail etc. | https://eu.usatoday.com/story/travel/hotels/2020/04/27/coronavirus-airbnb-mandate-cleaning-24-hours-between-rentals/3024951001/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
74 | ๐ธ People suffer economically | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Reduced free cash to spend and save for those who lose work | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Reduce demand for investment & savings products | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
75 | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Reduced transaction volumes on card etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
76 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Demand for reducing overheads and day-to-day costs | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Money management and finance management tools that focus on reducing costs | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-03/a-300-billion-nordic-manager-reveals-his-new-availability-credo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
77 | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Budgeting or saver ranges of retaill products | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
78 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Struggle with household bills | โก๏ธ | โก๏ธ | Pre-pay energy tariffs to tighten control over finances | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
79 | โก๏ธ | โก๏ธ | Proactive measures to ensure customers don't 'slip through the cracks' and fall behind with bills | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
80 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Defer large purchases like homes, cars | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Reduce demand for mortgages - UK mortgage holiday option | https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/mar/26/homes-sold-in-uk-expected-to-plunge-by-60-in-next-three-months-coronavirus | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
81 | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Reduced demand for new cars | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
82 | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Home improvement loans (don't move, improve trend grows) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
83 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for casual work that can be done at home | โก๏ธ | ๐ข | Platforms for freelance digital work | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
84 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for retraining as people career shift | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Platforms for online re-training, boot camps etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
85 | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Income-share-agreement courses and retraining | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
86 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand protection from drop in income | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Income protection insurance | https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?geo=GB&q=%22income%20protection%22 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
87 | ๐ฆนโโ๏ธ | Increase in fraud and scamming activity | โก๏ธ | ๐ข | Proactive fraud protection tools and data sensing | https://twitter.com/metpoliceuk/status/1242858786865348609 | https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/24/business/coronavirus-ecommerce-sites.html | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
89 | ๐ด Older and vulnerable people shelter from threat, and sadly pass away earlier than expected, in larger numbers | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Increase in demand for virus-safe support services | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Retail delivery services specifically for vulnerable groups | https://www.theguardian.com/business/2020/mar/25/supermarkets-use-database-to-prioritise-deliveries-to-elderly?CMP=Share_iOSApp_Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
90 | โก๏ธ | ๐ฌ | Services that help alleviate loneliness, help others in lockdown | https://www.verdict.co.uk/facebook-portals-nhs/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
91 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Growth in number receiving inheritance and estate planning | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Digital wealth management tools for recent inheritors | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-05-03/a-300-billion-nordic-manager-reveals-his-new-availability-credo | https://www.financial-planning.com/news/ubs-sees-spike-in-digital-engagement-could-it-be-the-new-normal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
92 | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Growth in people thinking about their mortality | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Life insurance products | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | โก๏ธ | ๐ฆ | Health insurance products | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
95 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
96 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
98 | โ๏ธ People travel less to avoid infection | ๐จโ๐ฉโ๐งโ๐ฆ | Lower demand for foreign or long distance travel with large groups | โก๏ธ | โ๏ธ | Reduce demand for air travel, airports etc. | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/17/coronavirus-uk-airports-warn-may-have-to-close-unless-government-intervenes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
99 | โก๏ธ | ๐ | Reduce demand for long distance train travel | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | โก๏ธ | ๐จ | Reduce demand for hotels, car hire etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||