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Data Notes
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PPAE = Percent Proficient Above Expectations
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PPAE is calculated using each school's demographics and grade levels assessed (students designated as at-risk, students with disabilities, English learners, students who identify as a person of color, and grade levels tested)
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Multiple mathematical model types are utilized (multivariate regression, decision trees, deep learning algorithms) to determine a school's expected proficiency based on demographics tested. We combine the results as an ensemble average for a more accurate estimate.
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Prior to 2018, EmpowerK12 did not compute PPAE for schools with fewer than 25 students designated as at-risk tested.
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For 2022, we lowered the the PPAE threshold for Bold Performance to 5.5 coming out of the pandemic. Then, we raised it to 7.5 in 2023 and back to 10.0 in 2024
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In 2024, we modified how we calculate PPAE for high schools by adding the performance improvement of 10th grade cohorts from the prior year as 9th graders
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