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Country nameStationary emissions (as reported under 1A5a) MtCO2eMobile emissions (as reported under 1A5b) MtCO2eGap in emissions reportingData accessibility scoreMilitary expenditure (2022), US$ millionsGlobal military expenditure rank% of GDPLink to reportLink to CRTLatest national inventory report (NIR)Latest in country reportingMilitary climate strategy
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Australia"Not occurring".0.728
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.32,445.3131.88NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military transport only. No civilian sources are reported under 1A5. Do not report separate data on 1A5a stationary. Military data not reported under bunker fuels and multilateral operations reported as "not estimated". No SF6 gas reported to be used by the airforce in Australian aircraft radar systems. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) given as "not occurring". Department of Defence Annual Report 2023-2024. Defence Net Zero Strategy, October 2024.
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Austria"Not occurring".0.028
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.3,612.7490.77NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military aviation, road and other mobile fuel use. However, uncertainity around the military air traffic data due to a lack of actual data submitted by the Austrian Ministry of Defence. No other civilian sources are included. Data on 1A5a stationary is not reported separately. Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring". Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) not given. Sustainability Reports of the Federal Ministry of National Defence.Austrian Defence Strategy, September 2024.
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Belarus0.500"Included elsewhere".No comparison possible.Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.1,105.2741.65NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates from other civilian sources (including other solid fuel consumption). 1A5b is not reported separately, with military aviation included in 1A3a. Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring". Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) not given.
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Belguim"Not occurring".0.097
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.6,890.2331.16NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military fuel use. No other civilan sources are included. 1A5a stationary stated as not occurring. Military data not reported under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not available". Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) not given. Defence Climate Strategy, December 2023
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Bulgaria"Not occurring".0.039
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.1,436.9661.59NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5a is not reported separately. From 2021 submission, emissions from military aviation are allocated under 1A5b. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) reported as "not occurring". Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".Annual energy efficiency reporting only, 2022.
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Canada"Not occurring".0.309
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.25,567.9141.17NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military aviation and naval fuel use. For aviation, military emissions are estimated on the basis of movement data. Military vehicle fuel use reported under transport 1A3, and military stationary under commercial 1A4. Military training reported as a cause of some grass fires. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) reported as "not occurring". Military data not reported under bunker fuels, and data on multilateral operations reported as "included elsewhere".National Defence (as part of Government of Canada’s Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory).Defence Climate and Sustainability Strategy 2023-2027
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Croatia"Not occurring"."Included elsewhere".
"Not occurring".		No comparison possible.Very poor - no data reported through the UNFCCC.1,282.1681.8NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022 but no data provided under 1A5. Military aviation and navigation fuel use is reported under domestic sectors 1A3b. Stated that since the fuel used for military purposes is negligible, it is not economically justified to report separately. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported, and the 2.G.2 category does not exist in Croatia. No military data reported separately under bunker fuels, and data on multilateral operations reported as confidential.
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Cyprus0.0190.005
Very significant gap in reporting.
Fair - data reported through the UNFCCC.532.5881.72NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates from military fuel use. No other civilian sources are included. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) reported as "not occurring". Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".Annual Report Ministry of Defence, 2021.
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Czechia"Not occurring".0.269
Significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.4,005.4471.33NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military aviation and land vehicles. 1A5 also includes emissions from search and rescue, private air transport and industry (construction, mining and minerals). Data on 1A5a stationary not reported separately. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) not reported. Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".Ministry of Defence provides data on emissions to the overall reports it processes for EUROSTAT.
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Denmark"Not occurring".0.187Gap in reporting.Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.5,475.0371.36NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military fuel use and inland waterway transport. Data on 1A5a stationary included elsewhere under commercial/institutional plants. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) not reported. Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not estimated".Ministry of Defence Climate Accounts.Summary of the Green Action Plan, 2021-2025
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Estonia"Not occurring"."Not occurring".No comparison possible.Very poor - no data reported through the UNFCCC.818.3802.13NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022 but no data provided under 1A5. Military data is included in 1A4 and not reported separately. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) not reported. Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".Ministry of Defence news article, 2022.Climate strategy of the Ministry of Defence's area of ​​government, 2025
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Finland0.839"Included elsewhere."
"Not occurring."		No comparison possible.Poor - submitted data through the UNFCCC includes civilian sources.4,446.4441.59NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes emissions from pipeline transportations, civilian aviation (helicopter use), non-specific fuel consumption and military vehciles. Data on 1A5b mobile not reported separately due to confidentiality. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) reported as "not occurring". Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".Defence Forces Environmental Report, 2022.Government Defence Report, 2024
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France1.979"Included elsewhere."
"Not occurring."
Significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.54,677.481.96NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 data includes military fuel use only. No other civilian sources have been included. Do not report separate data under 1A5b mobile due to 'confidential issue'. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) not reported, although SF6 is reported to be used in the radar systems of the four Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft operated by the French Air Force. Military data not reported under bunker fuels but emissions from total multilateral operations reported at 0.00077 MtCO2e.Not located - refer to France National Assembly communication, 2023.Climate and Defence Strategy, 2022
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Germany0.4120.433
Very significant gap in reporting.
Fair - data reported through the UNFCCC.56,153.171.35NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. No other civilian sources reported under 1A5. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) not reported, although SF6 is reported to be used in the radar systems of Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft. For the AWACS, an emission factor of 100 % of SF6 consumption is the stated assumption, with emissions "increasing again slightly" since 2016. These emissions are reported in category 2.H.3 (aggregated confidential data) as "not occurring". Military data not reported under bunker fuels and multilateral operations reported as "not estimated". Sustainability Report 2024, reporting period 2022-2023.Strategy on Defence and Climate Change, 2024
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Greece"Not occurring".0.301
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.8,745.4284NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military fuel use. Not known if other civilan sources are included elsewhere, or if data on 1A5a stationary included. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) reported as "not occurring". Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring"."Green" Armed Forces website.Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Roadmap for the Armed Forces, 2023
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Hungary0.0380.035
Very significant gap in reporting.
Fair - data reported through the UNFCCC.3,256.8511.83NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military aviation (based on flight hour estimates), and 1A5a stationary reported separately. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported, although SF6 is reported to be used in the radar systems of Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft. Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".
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Ireland"Included elsewhere." "Not occurring.""Included elsewhere." "Not occurring."No comparison possible.Very poor - no data reported through the UNFCCC.1,164.3700.21NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022 but no data provided under 1A5. Military data is included in 1A3 and 1A4 and not reported separately. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is reported as "not occurring". Multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".Department of Defence and Defence Forces Annual Report 2022.Department of Defence and Defence Forces Strategy Statement 2023–2026, 2023
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Italy"Not occurring".0.523
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.34,691.9121.65NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military aviation and naval fuel use. No civilian sources are reported under 1A5. Do not report separate data on 1A5a stationary. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported. National query raised on SF6 use in the radar systems of Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft, but reported to fall under a "multilateral operations" since it is a NATO aircraft. Military data not reported under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not estimated".Ministry of Defence, environmental information.
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Japan"Not occurring"."Not occurring".No comparison possible.Very poor - no data reported through the UNFCCC.43,198.2101.01NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. No disaggregated miitary data provided, and stated as included under 1A4. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is given as 0.03 Mt CO2e. Military data not reported under bunker fuels and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".Ministry of Defense's Plan for Measures to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2022.
Ministry of Defense Climate Change Strategy, 2022
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Latvia"Not occurring".0.024
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.856.1792.25NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates from military aviation and navigation. 1A5a is not reported separately. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is reported as "not occurring". Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and data on multilateral operations reported as "not available".Ministry of Defence Annual Report 2022 (no GHG reporting).
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Lithuania"Not occurring".0.030
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.1,734.4622.44NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates from military aviation. No other civilian sources are included. 1A5a is not reported separately. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is reported as "not occurring". Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".
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Luxembourg"Not occurring".0.0001
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.509.9910.63NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates from military vehicles. 1A5a (described as stationary: building and plant site fuel powered machinery) reported as 'not occurring' from 2004 onwards. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported. Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring". Luxembourg Defense, 2021 - GHG estimate for 2019.Guidelines for Luxembourg Defence to 2035
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Malta"Not available".0.003
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.79.01370.41NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates from military aviation only. 1A5a is reported as 'not available'. Emissions from biofuel use in military vehicles are reported under 1A3b. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported. Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".
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Netherlands"Not occurring".0.215
Significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.13,632.4211.3NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military aviation and naval fuel use. No civilian sources are reported under 1A5. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported. Military data is not reported under bunker fuels and data on multilateral operations reported as "included elsewhere".Ministry of Defence briefing, 2023.Defence White Paper, 2024
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New Zealand"Not occurring"."Not occurring".No comparison possible.Very poor - no data reported through the UNFCCC.2,829.1551.17NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022 but no data provided under 1A5. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported. Military data also not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".Ministry of Defence Annual Report 2022/2023.
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Norway"Not occurring".0.091
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.8,697.8291.46NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military fuel use, with 1A5a reported as "not occurring". 1A5a data was given in previous submissions, and transition to renewable energy reported in non-UNFCCC military emission reporting. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported. Military data is not reported under bunker fuels and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".The Defense Sector's Environmental and Climate Accounts for 2022.
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Poland"Not available"."Not available".No comparison possible.Very poor - no data reported through the UNFCCC.15,341.3182.2NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. No disaggregated miitary data provided, due to national security. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported. Military data is not reported under bunker fuels and data on multilateral operations reported as "not available".
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Portugal"Not occurring".0.090
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.3,566.6501.39NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military aviation only and assumed to be domestic. Data on other military fuel use included elsewhere under commercial/institutional plants (1A4). Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported. Military data not reported separately under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".Not located but energy data collected annually by DGRDN from the Armed Forces, and shared with the European Defence Agency.National Defence Strategy for the Environment, Security and Climate Change, 2023
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Romania1.173"Included elsewhere".No comparison possible.Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.5,188.0391.75NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military fuel use in Romania, regardless of country using the fuel. Some other institutions are also included. Do not report separate data on 1A5b mobile, and stated as included in 1A5a. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) reported as "not occurring". Military data is not reported under bunker fuels, and data on multilateral operations reported as "not available".Strategy on preparing the Romanian Armed Forces to address Climate Change and Energy Transition, 2023
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Russian Federation15.579"Included elsewhere". "Not available". "Not occurring".No comparison possible.Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.102,366.634.61NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. Military emissions are included in "other emissions" under 1A5, together with other government agencies. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) reported as "not occurring". There appear to be no other entries, e.g. under international bunker fuel, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".
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Slovakia0.0540.009
Very significant gap in reporting.
Fair - data reported through the UNFCCC.2,085.7601.8NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates from military aviation, and also other civilian sources (petrol stations, paint shops, wastewater treatment plants, crematory). Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) reported as "not occurring". Military data is not reported under international bunker fuel, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".Not located, but Ministry of Defence Analytical Unit report (2023) states monitoring of heat and energy consumption partially completed.
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Slovenia"Not occurring".0.005
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - submitted data includes civilian sources.775.2821.3NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates from military and police fuel use. 1A5a is not reported separately. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported. Military fuel use on multilateral operations reported as 0.0007 MtCO2e.Not located, but Ministry of Defence carbon footprint calculation in progress.Long-term guidelines for increasing climate resilience, 2024
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Spain"Included elsewhere". "Not occurring".0.227
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.20,306.6171.41NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 data includes military fuel use only. No other civilian sources have been included. 1A5a (stationary) data is not disaggregated for this inventory, despite this noted that this is to be provided in the future (see previous NIRs). Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported. Military data not reported under bunker fuels. Overall data for multilateral operations given as 0.261 MtCO2e , which includes military activities for 2022.Not located, link to Ministry of Defence Climate Change website page.The Ministry of Defence’s Strategy on the challenge of Climate Change, 2023
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Sweden"Not occurring"."Included elsewhere". "Not occurring".No comparison possible.Very poor - no data reported through the UNFCCC.7,722.5311.33NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022 does not include military fuel use data under 1A5. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) reported as "not estimated". No reference to military fuel use for multilateral operations is recorded. Armed forces Sustainability Report, 2021 (but no emissions reporting included).
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Switzerland"Not occurring".0.123
Significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.5,652.3360.68NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022 1A5 includes estimates for military fuel use. No other civilan sources are included. 1A5a stationary stated as not occurring. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported. Military data not reported under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".Federal Department of Defence, Civil Protection and Sport, Sustainability Reporting.
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Türkiye"Included elsewhere"."Included elsewhere".No comparison possible.Very poor - no data reported through the UNFCCC.15,036.8201.66NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. No disaggregated military data provided, and stated as included under 1A3 and 1A4. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is not reported. Military data not reported under bunker fuels and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".
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Ukraine"Not available."0.873
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.41,183.91125.64NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes estimates for military fuel use. No other civilian sources are included. Do not report separate data on 1A5a stationary. Proportion of 1A5 emissions under the energy sector reported as insignificant (~0.01%) prior to 2013, then increasing to 0.2% for 2014-2021, and to 0.5% for 2022. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) reported as "not occurring". Military data is not reported under bunker fuels, and multilateral operations reported as "not occurring".Independent research, estimating Climate Damage Caused by Russia's War in Ukraine.
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United Kingdom"Included elsewhere". "Not occurring".1.507
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - disaggregated data not reported through the UNFCCC.64,069.962.06NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5 includes military aviation and naval fuel use. No other civilian sources are reported under 1A5. Do not currently have separate data on 1A5a stationary. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is given as 0.03 Mt CO2e. SF6 is used in the radar systems of the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft, but all remaining UK AWACS fleet sold in 2022, and no emissions from this source going forward. Fuel data includes consumption by all military services in the UK. Military data not separately reported under bunker fuels and data on multilateral operations given as "not estimated". Ministry of Defence Annual Report and Accounts 2023-2024.Various: see here
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United StatesNot given.17.303
Very significant gap in reporting.
Poor - data submitted under 1.A.5 includes civilian sources and overall military fuel data reported through the UNFCCC is not clearly disaggregated.860,692.213.31NID 2024CRT 2024Latest data from 2022. 1A5a include other civilian sources, e.g. from the incineration of waste, combustion and non-energy uses of fossil fuel. No military fuel use data stated as reported in 1A5a. The figures quoted under 1A5a have not been included. Emissions data for 2.G.2.a (Military Applications) is given as 0.5 Mt CO2e. This includes SF6 use in the radar systems of the Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft, and other military applications. Data is also included on military aviation under international bunker fuels - 3.1 Mt CO2e - but is not required to be given in national totals, and uncertainties stated on the total fuel used by military aircraft and ships. Data on multilateral operations reported as "included elsewhere".Department of Defense GHG inventory, 2023.Previously published, but since removed following the start of the second Trump administration.
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