Black Leaders in Health & Wellness

	A	B	C	D
1	Name	Birth - Death Dates	Description of Contribution	Source of Information
2	Onesimus		enslaved man who developed method to prevent smallpox	https://www.history.com/news/smallpox-vaccine-onesimus-slave-cotton-mather
3	Rebecca Lee Crumpler, MD	1831-1895	1st Black woman in U.S. to receive medical degree; cared for formerly enslaved people.	https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/celebrating-10-african-american-medical-pioneers#:~:text=The%20Flying%20Black%20Medics%2C%20created%20by%20Leonidas%20Harris,ranks%20of%20the%20U.S.%20government%2C%20and%20much%20more
4	James McCune Smith, MD	1813-1865	1st Black American to receive a medical degree and 1st Black person to own a pharmacy	https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/celebrating-10-african-american-medical-pioneers#:~:text=The%20Flying%20Black%20Medics%2C%20created%20by%20Leonidas%20Harris,ranks%20of%20the%20U.S.%20government%2C%20and%20much%20more
5	Leonidas Harris Berry, MD	1902-1995	Gastroenterologist (doctor of digestive tract); helped organize Flying Black Medica, group of medical professionals who flew from Chicgo to Cairo, Egypt to provide medical care and health education	https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/celebrating-10-african-american-medical-pioneers#:~:text=The%20Flying%20Black%20Medics%2C%20created%20by%20Leonidas%20Harris,ranks%20of%20the%20U.S.%20government%2C%20and%20much%20more
6	Charles Richard Drew, MD	1904-1950	Known as the "father of blood banking", because he established blood preservation techniques that have allowed blood donation; chaired the Department of Surgery at what is now known as Howard University Hospital	https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/celebrating-10-african-american-medical-pioneers#:~:text=The%20Flying%20Black%20Medics%2C%20created%20by%20Leonidas%20Harris,ranks%20of%20the%20U.S.%20government%2C%20and%20much%20more
7	Louis Wade Sullivan, MD	1933-		https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/celebrating-10-african-american-medical-pioneers#:~:text=The%20Flying%20Black%20Medics%2C%20created%20by%20Leonidas%20Harris,ranks%20of%20the%20U.S.%20government%2C%20and%20much%20more
8	Marilyn Hughes Gaston, MD	1939-		https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/celebrating-10-african-american-medical-pioneers#:~:text=The%20Flying%20Black%20Medics%2C%20created%20by%20Leonidas%20Harris,ranks%20of%20the%20U.S.%20government%2C%20and%20much%20more
9	Patricia Era Bath, MD	1942-	First Black female physician awarded a patent for a medical invention.	https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/celebrating-10-african-american-medical-pioneers#:~:text=The%20Flying%20Black%20Medics%2C%20created%20by%20Leonidas%20Harris,ranks%20of%20the%20U.S.%20government%2C%20and%20much%20more
10	Herbert W. Nickens, MD	1947-1999		https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/celebrating-10-african-american-medical-pioneers#:~:text=The%20Flying%20Black%20Medics%2C%20created%20by%20Leonidas%20Harris,ranks%20of%20the%20U.S.%20government%2C%20and%20much%20more
11	first black woman board certified in special competency in maternal-fetal medicine; profiled in The Ditchdigger's Daughters: A Black Family's Astounding Success Story	1950-	the first African-American woman neurosurgeon in the U.S.	https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/celebrating-10-african-american-medical-pioneers#:~:text=The%20Flying%20Black%20Medics%2C%20created%20by%20Leonidas%20Harris,ranks%20of%20the%20U.S.%20government%2C%20and%20much%20more
12	Regina Marcia Benjamin, MD, MBA	1956-		https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/celebrating-10-african-american-medical-pioneers#:~:text=The%20Flying%20Black%20Medics%2C%20created%20by%20Leonidas%20Harris,ranks%20of%20the%20U.S.%20government%2C%20and%20much%20more
13	Daniel Hale Williams	1856-1931	1st African-American cardiologist; performed the first documented open-heart surgery on a human.	https://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/african-american-pioneers-who-changed-healthcare/
14	Solomon Carter Fuller	1872-1953	1st African-American psychiatrist	https://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/african-american-pioneers-who-changed-healthcare/
15	Jane Cooke Wright	1919-2013	First woman elected president of the New York Cancer Society	https://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/african-american-pioneers-who-changed-healthcare/
16	Otis Boykin	1920-1982	inventor who improved pacemaker	https://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/african-american-pioneers-who-changed-healthcare/
17	Jocelyn Elders	1933-	First Black female physician appointed surgeon general	https://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/african-american-pioneers-who-changed-healthcare/
18	Ben Carson		First neurosurgeon to successfully separate conjoined twins attached at the back of the head	https://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/african-american-pioneers-who-changed-healthcare/
19	Mae Jemison	1956-		https://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/african-american-pioneers-who-changed-healthcare/
20	Michelle Obama	1964-		https://www.everydayhealth.com/healthy-living/african-american-pioneers-who-changed-healthcare/
21	William G. Anderson, DO		First Black surgical resident in Detroit and the first Black president of the American Osteopathic Association	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
22	Alexander Augusta, MD		First Black physician appointed director of a U.S. hospital	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
23	Regina Marcia Benjamin, MD		First chair of the National Prevention Council; 18th surgeon general in the U.S.	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
24	Robert Boyd, MD, DD		President and co-founder of the first professional organization for Black physicians	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
25	Lonnie Bristow, MD		First Black physician elected president of the American Medical Association, whcih until 1968 didn't allow Black members until 1968.	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
26	Donna Christian-Christensen, MD		First female physician to serve in Congress	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
27	Helen Dickens, MD	1909-2001	First Black woman admitted to the American College of Surgeons	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
28	Roselyn Epps, MD		First Black president of the American Medical Women's Association	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
29	Kenneth Frazier		First Black man to lead a major pharmaceutical company (Merck & Co.)	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
30	Patrice Harris, MD		First Black woman to be president of the American Medical Association	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
31	William Hinton, MD		First Black physician to teach at Harvard Medical School; devloped test for diagnosing syphilis	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
32	Risa Lavizzo-Mourey, MD		First Black female president and CEO of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, one of the nation's largest philanthropic public health and healthcare organizations.	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
33	Miles Vandarhurst Lynk, MD		Co-founder of the first professional organization for Black physicians (the National Medical Association)	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
34	Mary Mahoney, RN	1845-1926	First Black woman awarded a nursing degree	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
35	Barbara Ross-Lee, DO		First Black woman to be appointed dean of an American medical school	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
36	Velma Scantlebury, MD		The first Black female transplant surgeon in the U.S.	https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/hospital-management-administration/28-black-medical-pioneers-to-know.html
37	Louis Wright, MD	1891-1952	develops a better technique (intradermal injection) for vaccinating soldiers against smallpox	https://www.healio.com/news/rheumatology/20210217/celebrating-black-pioneers-of-medicine
38	James Robert Gladden	1911-1969		https://www.healio.com/news/rheumatology/20210217/celebrating-black-pioneers-of-medicine
39	Kizzmekia Corbett, PhD		is one of the National Institutes of Health's leading scientists working directly to develop and produce the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
40	Dr. Marcella Nunez-Smith		a leader in the field of health equity, is chosen to be a co-chair for the Coronavirus Task Force Advisory Board	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
41	Dr. Ernest Grant		first male and the first African-American man serving as President of the American Nurses Association	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
42	Sara Delaney		chief librarian at the U.S. Veteran's Administration Hospital in Tuskegee, Alabama, was a pioneer in the use of selected reading to aid in the treatment of patients	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
43	Vivien Theodore Thomas		laboratory researcher and surgical technician, makes history with Dr. Alfred Blalock as co-developer of the "Blalock" clamp, the first clamp for temporary occlusion of the pulmonary artery which is used in the first successful surgical treatment for "Blue-Baby" Syndrome in 1944; story featured in Something the Lord Made	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
44	Henrietta Lacks		diagnosed with terminal cervical cancer and treated at Johns Hopkins University, where a doctor took cells from her cervix without her knowledge. These cells were found to be unique in that they could be kept alive and would also grow indefinitely. Since that time, Lacks' cells, now known as HeLa cells (in Lacks' honor), have been cultured and used in experiments ranging from determining the long-term effects of radiation to testing the live polio vaccine	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
45	Dr. Geraldine Pittman Woods		becomes the first African-American woman appointed to the National Advisory General Medical Services Council. In this position, she addressed the need to improve science education and research opportunities at minority institutions	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
46	Prentiss Harrison		the first African American to be formally educated as a Physician Assistant	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
47	Alfred Day Hershey, PhD		geneticist, becomes the first African American to share a Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. He received the award for his research on the replication and genetic structure of viruses	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
48	Joyce Nichols		first female (and African-American female) to be formally educated as a Physician Assistan	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
49	Dr. LaSalle D. Leffall		the first African-American President of the American Cancer Society	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
50	Dr. Yvonne Thornton		first black woman board certified in special competency in maternal-fetal medicine	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
51	Dr. Vivian Pinn		first female and first African-American woman Director of the Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, which oversees research on women and insures that they are represented in broad clinical trials.	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
52	Dr. Edward S. Coope		first African American elected as National President of the American Heart Association	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
53	Dr. Helene Doris Gayle		first female and first African-American Director of the National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention for the U.S. Centers for Disease Control	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
54	Drs. Paula Mahone		member of a team of forty specialists involved in the delivery of the McCaughey septuplets at Iowa Methodist Medical Center	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
55	Dr. Karen Drake		member of a team of forty specialists involved in the delivery of the McCaughey septuplets at Iowa Methodist Medical Center	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
56	Dr. David Satcher		Assistant Secretary for Health and U.S. Surgeon General	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
57	Emmette Chappelle		renowned NASA biochemist and inventor and holder of 14 U.S. patents, is inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame for his work in bioluminescence. A World War II veteran whose research enabled the more accurate detection of bacteria in water, Chappelle worked in support of NASA’s manned spaceflight missions	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
58	William G. Coleman, Jr., PhD		NIH's National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities first permanent Scientific Director and the first African-American Scientific Director in the history of the NIH Intramural Research Program	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
59	Beverly Murphy		first African-American President of the Medical Library Association	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
60	Ernest Hendon		Hendon was one of 623 black men who unwittingly participated in the U.S. Public Health Service study of “the effects of untreated syphilis in the Negro male." He was part of the control group that did not have syphilis.	https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-jan-25-me-hendon25-story.html
61	Mary Van Brittan Brown		American nurse who devised an early security unit for her own home	https://www.history.com/news/8-black-inventors-african-american
62	Garrett Morgan		Invented 3-light traffic signal	https://www.history.com/news/8-black-inventors-african-american
63	Frederick McKinley Jones		invented cooling system used to refrigerate goods on trucks; used to transport items like blood	https://www.history.com/news/8-black-inventors-african-american
64	Alexander Miles		invented system to automatically open and close elevator doors, preventing serious and fatal accidents caused by people falling down elevator shafts	https://www.history.com/news/8-black-inventors-african-american
65	James E. West		co-invented compact microphone that was used in hearing aids	https://www.history.com/news/8-black-inventors-african-american
66	Lewis Latimer		made light bulbs last longer by introducing a carbon filament to light bulbs	https://www.history.com/news/8-black-inventors-african-american
67	Mark Dean		inventor and engineer who developed first IBM personal computer and developed a color monitor.	https://www.history.com/news/8-black-inventors-african-american
68	Dr. James Durham		born into slavery in 1762, buys his freedom and begins his own medical practice in New Orleans, becoming the first African-American doctor in the United States	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
69	Dr. David Jones Peck		first African-Amercan medical student to graduate from a medical school in the United States (Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL).	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
70	Susie Baker		first African-American U.S. Army nurse during the Civil War	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
71	Robert Tanner Freeman		one of the first six graduates in dental medicine from Harvard University	https://guides.mclibrary.duke.edu/blackhistorymonth/chronology
72	Kafui Dzirasa, MD, PhD		Psychiatrist; first African-American student to graduate with a doctorate in neurobiology from Duke	https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafui_Dzirasa
73	Beronda Montgomery, PhD (botanist)		Botanist and author of Lessons from Plants	https://www.berondamontgomery.com/about-beronda/
74	Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, PhD		Physicist/cosmologist	http://www.cprescodweinstein.com/
75	Griffin Rodgers, MD		Director of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases at the National Institutes of Health	https://www.niddk.nih.gov/about-niddk/meet-director
76	Kishana Taylor, PhD, M.S.
77	Ariangela J. Kozik, PhD
78	Chelsey Spriggs, PhD
79	Nikea Pittman, PhD
80	Ninecia Scott, PhD
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100