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See study details in the accompanying document: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QV4rx0gaivrDgUzBVHzStOi06vQ0nfw-3fxs6XDrRxE/edit?usp=sharing
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Findings are included regardless of statistical significance
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For findings that reflect modest increases in the coverage of a water quality intervention, we linearly extrapolate the effect size to model the impact of 75% coverage.
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Studies highlighted in gray reported evidence of marked water quality improvements or interventions expected to produce marked water quality improvements
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StudyChange in overall all-cause mortalityChange in U5 all-cause mortalityNotes
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Sedgwick and MacNutt 1910-19%-33%
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Cutler and Miller 2005-4%2%
These figures are based on a reanalysis of Cutler and Miller 2005. We use estimates for chlorination.
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Watson 2006-19%
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Gamper-Rabindran, Khan, and Timmins 2010-53 to -195%
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Gunther and Fink 2010-11%
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Knutsson 2017-30%-40%
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Ogasawara and Inoue 2016-58%-54%
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Anderson, Charles, and Rees 20180.9%8%
We use the estimates for chlorination
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Ogasawara and Matsushita 2018-19%-11%
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Alsan and Goldin 2019-10 to -13%
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Gallardo-Albarran 2020-2%
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Median-19%-10 to -13%
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Median of studies with marked water quality improvements-19%-11%
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