| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | |
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1 | CHEMICAL | PURPOSE | RELEVANT AGING THEORY | MECHANISM OF ACTION | DOSAGE | FREQUENCY | SOURCE | POTENTIAL SIDE EFFECTS | STUDY CAVEATS | OTC? | NOTES | REFERENCE | ||||||||||||||
2 | AGE 25+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | D-Glucosamine | Metabolic regulation | Caloric Restriction | Glycolysis inhibition to force amino acid oxidation resulting in net decrease of ROS damage. | 1500mg | Daily - Afternoon | PipingRock | None: a common GRAS supplement | Lifespan extension only shown in nematodes and mice. | Yes | Should be paired with a sugarless or ketogenic diet. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3988823/ | ||||||||||||||
4 | Rapamycin | Halting developmental signals | Blagosklonny | mTOR inhibition to prevent active translation and subsequent damage through AGEs, demethylation, cross-linking. Arthritis prevention through immune suppression. | 1mg | Weekly | dropshipmd.com (Adooq Bioscience) | At high dose used for surgery (29mg): edema, organ failure | Testing in large scale up to dog phase. Anti-arthritis dose in young people approved at 1mg. | No | Up to 5mg is used by Dr. Alan Green for older individuals at age 40+. He notes that Rapamycin is unnecessary in 20-year olds for life extension without arthritis. | https://rapamycintherapy.com/ | ||||||||||||||
5 | MitoQ | Mitochondrial antioxidant | ROS | Triphenylphosphonium binding, increasing mitochondrial membrane potential to boost energy production. Connected to SIRT1 pathway via NAD synthesis, and glutathione through vitamin E pathway. | 10mg (2 pills) | Daily - Morning | MitoQ | At high dose: Kidney failure, stomachache | None: heavily verified in metastudy. | Yes | Excessive dose leads to mitochondrial swelling. Can be paired with curcumin to target the AMPK pathway. | https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2018/8575263/ | ||||||||||||||
6 | Metformin | Metabolic regulation | Caloric Restriction | Increases insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, creates iron-starved cell morphology to reduce metabolism. Connected to SIRT1 via NF-kb, mTOR through AMPK. | 500mg | Daily - Afternoon | Unitedpharmacies.md | Stomachache. In low function kidney patients, acidosis. | None: heavily verified in metastudy and approved in healthy human trials. | No | Must be taken with methylcobalamin. | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02432287 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25041462/ | |||||||||||||
7 | Bacopa A | Neuroprotection | ROS | Acetylcholinesterase inhibition, increasing net acetylcholine for focus pathway. Interacts with FOXO pathway to prevent apoptosis specifically in neurons. | 7.2g (formulated drink) or 1 pill | 5 days a week - Morning | Synapse or Optimind | Nausea, dry mouth, diarrhea, stomachache | Heavily verified in metastudy and approved as a nootropic. Synapse formula is proprietary. | Yes | Do not exceed 5 doses a day. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24252493/ | ||||||||||||||
8 | Huperzine A | Neuroprotection | ROS | Acetylcholinesterase inhibition, increasing net acetylcholine for focus pathway. Protective effect on neurons during damage in occlusion models. | 7.2g (formulated drink) or 1 pill | 5 days a week - Morning | Synapse or Optimind | Nausea, diarrhea, dizziness | Most studies performed in Alzheimer's patients. Synapse formula is proprietary. | Yes | Do not exceed 5 doses a day. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/24639880/ | ||||||||||||||
9 | L-Lysine | Viral suppression, ECM remodeling | Viral, ECM, Glycation | Precipitation of sugars in ECM to prevent crosslinking, translation error introduction with arginine for viruses. | 500mg (1 pill) | Daily - Morning | Solgar | None, a common GRAS supplement and essential amino acid. | Does not work for all viruses: HSV shows effectiveness, may have opposite effect for HIV patients. | Yes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3115841 | |||||||||||||||
10 | Nicotinamide riboside | Mitochondrial activation | ROS | Precursor for NAD+ synthesis, increasing energy supply for aging cells. | 250mg (2 pills) | Daily - Morning | Elysium | None | Heavily verified by half a century of work. | Yes | Hormesis requires a burst of metabolic activity and should be staggered in cycle with inhibitors, and not taken at the same time. | https://web.mit.edu/biology/guarente/ | http://news.mit.edu/2019/reverse-aging-intestinal-stem-cell-0328 | |||||||||||||
11 | Pterostilbene | Gene regulation | ROS, DNA Damage | Activates sirtuin1 DNA repair pathway, correcting damage and killing senescent cells. SIRT1 deacetylates histones to increase replication of senescent cells which are killed off. | 50mg (2 pills) | Daily - Morning | Elysium | None | Heavily verified by half a century of work. | Yes | Hormesis requires a burst of metabolic activity and should be staggered in cycle with inhibitors, and not taken at the same time. | https://web.mit.edu/biology/guarente/ | ||||||||||||||
12 | Humanin | Neuroprotection | ROS | A-Beta inhibition, resulting in reduced impact of fibril formation and alpha-actin degradation downstream. | 290mg | Daily - Afternoon | Mybiosource | None, native to humans. | Mouse only, nonoptimized dose. | No | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-32616-7 | |||||||||||||||
13 | Methylcobalamin (B12) | Metabolic regulation, neuroprotection | Blagosklonny, DNA Damage, ROS, Caloric Restriction | Substrate for DNA methylation, aids in gene silencing to reduce metabolism. | 500ug (1 pill) | Daily - Afternoon | Jarrow Formulas | None, native to humans. | Studies primarily focus on deficiency-related disease outcomes of a neurological nature. | Yes | Supplementation with this is critical to prevent B12/folate deficiency from metformin. Adenosylcobalamin is also recommended. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5130103/ | ||||||||||||||
14 | L-Pyroglutamic Acid | Memory preservation | ROS, ECM | Base molecule of racetams (which prevent age-related memory loss and seizures, such as with piracetam), enhances membrane fluidity, increases mitochondrial function | 1000mg (1 pill) | Daily - Morning | Source Naturals | No neurotoxicity found. | Young individuals benefit considerably less than aged individuals, piracetam may be more relevant. | Yes | L-Pyroglutamic acid is NOT equivalent to piracetam. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2944646/ | ||||||||||||||
15 | R-Lipoic Acid | Memory preservation, antioxidant | ROS | Basis of lipoamide mitchondrial reactions for ketolysis, regenerates glutathione, the body's main antioxidant. Implicated in Vitamin E cycle and is connected to the MitoQ and NAD pathway. | 240mg (1 pill) | Daily - Morning | LifeExtension | Incompatibility with alcohol but otherwise safe. | Many studies mostly performed on animals. | Yes | RLA and ALA are slightly different. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5732919/ | ||||||||||||||
16 | MK-4 Menatetrenone | Bone density preservation | Blagosklonny | Inhibition of bone resorption through PGE2 synthesis which prevents osteoclast activity when osteoblasts lose function with age. Directly reduces multinucleated osteoclast cell count. | 15mg (1 pill) | Daily - Morning | Advanced Orthomuscular Research | None, believed to be safe. | Most studies performed in women. | Yes | Effects have been studied from middle age and up. Perhaps best used from age 30+, but arthritis may call for earlier treatment. Considered a safe alternative to other osteoporosis medicines. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24426779 | ||||||||||||||
17 | Beta-Alanine | Muscular maintenance | Blagosklonny | Increase of carnosine to inhibit sarcopenia and buffer pH. | 3200mg (1 pill) | Daily - Morning | GNC | None, a common GRAS supplement. | None, heavily verified in metastudies. | Yes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3374124/ | |||||||||||||||
18 | Lithium Orotate | Nucleosome modification, neuroprotection | ROS, ECM | Replacement of sodium with lithium for faster neurotransmission and less tonicity stress, charge interaction with nucleosomes, inhibition of GSK3, upregulation of NFR2. | 5mg (1 pill) | Weekly | Weyland Brain Nutrition | At incorrect dose: orexin deficiency, nausa, tremors, neurotoxicity | Single study for life extension, but neuroprotection at low dose is heavily verified by metastudy. | Yes | Overdose is incredibly dangerous. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151375/ | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4850359/ | |||||||||||||
19 | Resveratrol (Put on hold due to fraud by Sinclair) | Metabolic Regulation | Glycation, ECM, DNA Damage, Caloric Restriction | STAC activation of SIRT1 to fuel protein deacetylation, simulating caloric restriction. | 1g (1 pill) | Daily | aSquared Nutrition | Negative reactions with blood thinners such as ibuprofen | Resveratrol may not work at all- provinols are most likely relevant. | Yes | Switch to a provinol red wine extract when a good one becomes available. | https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/how-resveratrol-may-fight-aging | ||||||||||||||
20 | Caprylic Acid Triglycerides | Metabolic Regulation | Caloric Restriction. ROS, Glycation, Neuroprotection | Replacement of calories with mid-chain triglycerides shifts the metabolic order of cells towards ketosis and prevents blood sugar spiking which may remove a caloric restriction epigenetic profile and have neuroprotective function. | 1tbsp (130calories, 14g fat) | Daily | Bulletproof | Possible liver sensitivity, digestive restlessness. | Metastudy does not reveal any convincing evidence for longevity or cardiovascular health decrease from MCT oils, neuroprotective studies done in Alzheimer's models. | Yes | Unsaturated fats may be a more suitable replacement. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3810342/ | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4975867/ | |||||||||||||
21 | N-Acetylcysteine | Neuroprotection, antoxidation | ROS | Precursor of L-cysteine which is a precursor of glutathione, also is protective of kidneys. | 600mg | Daily | nutricost | Digestion issues, eye and skin irritation | None: heavily verified in metastudy. | Yes | Should be taken to detox the secondary metabolites of other drugs. | http://www.jpreventionalzheimer.com/2545-evaluation-of-the-neuroprotective-potential-of-n-acetylcysteine-for-prevention-and-treatment-of-cognitive-aging-and-dementia.html | ||||||||||||||
22 | Acarbose | Metabolic regulation | Caloric Restriction | modulates FGF21 and suppresses IGF1 but combining it with metformin and rapamycin may be too much suppression for IGF1. | 25mg | Daily | dropshipmd.com | Possible combinatoric overload with metformin, digestive issues | Longevity only shown in mice, with only anti-inflammatory and pro-cardiovascular benefits proven in humans. | No | Need to carefully monitor the combinatorial effect with metformin as this is hitting glucose levels twice. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25685364/ | ||||||||||||||
23 | Spermidine | Autophagy | Blagosklonny, Glycation, ECM | Cytosol deacylation and nucleus acetylation of autophagy proteins. Increased ROS resistance, ANP32 inhibition for increasing HUR translocation and adipogenesis | 1mg | Daily | LongevityLabs | None, GRAS and found in food. | Human studies are robust and show longevity and reduction of all-cause mortality but there have only been a few. | Yes | https://www.karger.com/Article/Fulltext/356748 | |||||||||||||||
24 | Coffee | Metabolic Regulation | ROS, Caloric restriction | Numerous (inhibition of mTOR, increase of PPAR peroxisome). 3 cups of decaf a day associated with 15% reduction of all-cause mortality over 30 year followup in 200,000+ subjects. | 3 cups | Daily | Amazon | None, GRAS | The data is clear but for some reason I just find it weird? Can't put my finger on it. | Yes | Decaf is better as caffeine has negative neuron health impacts on heart. | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.017341 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5611980/ | |||||||||||||
25 | Calcium Alpha-Ketoglutarate | Metabolic Regulation | ROS, Caloric restriction | Is metabolized to succinyl-CoA and converted to NADH | 1500mg | Daily | Maxxherb | None, GRAS | Lifespan extension only shown in mice. | Yes | Can cause oxidative stress on its own, must be used with turnover induction. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1569585/#:~:text=Alpha%2Dketoglutarate%20dehydrogenase%20(%CE%B1%2D,electrons%20for%20the%20respiratory%20chain. | https://www.google.com/search?q=alpha+ketoglutarate+longevity&rlz=1C1CHBF_enUS878US878&oq=alpha+ketoglutarate+longevity&aqs=chrome..69i57j0i22i30j0i390l3.5803j0j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 | |||||||||||||
26 | Lycopene | Antioxidant | ROS | Potent antioxidant scavenging of ROS | 20mg | Daily | Jarrow Formulas | None, GRAS | None, heavily metastudied for reduction in all-cause mortality. | Yes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6524823/ | |||||||||||||||
27 | Lion's Mane | Neural growth | Blagosklonny | Stimulates neuron growth | 200-400mg/kg | Daily | Swanson | None, GRAS | Inbred mice | Yes | Taking too much neurotrophic factor can cause tumors. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6524823/ | ||||||||||||||
28 | Urolithin A | Metabolic Regulation | Blagosklonny, ROS | Stimulates biogenesis gene expression in mitochondria and induces mitophagy of defective mitochondria. | 500-1000mg (750mg) | Daily at age 40. | EFL | None, well tolerated in human studies | Human studies are still preliminary with sample size of 60. | Yes | This is the end product of digested ellagitannins which are converted into urolithin A by gut bacteria that only some people have. | https://www.nature.com/articles/s42255-019-0073-4 | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27940244/ | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1075996415300226?via%3Dihub | https://m.medicalxpress.com/news/2019-06-pomegranate-compound-anti-aging-effects-human.html | |||||||||||
29 | Rosuvastatin | Cholesterol Regulation | Blagosklonny | Lowers LDL. Counters the issue from rapamycin that raises LDL. | 5mg | Daily | dropshipmd.com | Kidney damage, bowel issues | None, heavily validated as a standard of care. | No | Need to monitor urine for kidney damage | |||||||||||||||
30 | Fisetin | Senolytic | Blagosklonny | Upregulation of GSH, anti-inflammatory for microglia, inhibits 5-lipoxygenase | 100mg | Daily at age 40. | Amazon | None, GRAS | Human studies incomplete, longevity only demonstrated in mice. | Yes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6197652/ | |||||||||||||||
31 | Creatine | Muscular maintenance | Blagosklonny | Reduction of lipofuscin in brain, prevention of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. | 20g | Daily at age 40. | Multiple | None, well tolerated in human studies at anti-aging dose | None: heavily verified in metastudy. | Yes | https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2014/7/creatine-reduces-markers-of-aging | |||||||||||||||
32 | Nattokinase | Cardiovascular, anti homocysteine | ROS | Antithrombotic | Sparse conclusive human data, longevity in worms. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6043915/#!po=0.735294 | ||||||||||||||||||||
33 | OS-1 | Turnover | Blagosklonny | Maintenance of fibroblast differentiation and proliferation | N/A, daily cream application to whole body | |||||||||||||||||||||
34 | 100mg | Daily | Amazon | None, GRAS | 10% lifespan increase in animal studies, healthspan improvement in humans but little lifespan data. | Yes | https://www.iherb.com/pr/doctor-s-best-fisetin-with-novusetin-100-mg-30-veggie-caps/43592?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiAwvKtBhDrARIsAJj-kThGWn0vsvk63-NRn9VH9eoHT9l1BZD4derG2M47vnWOLBWdISVgHXsaAnj0EALw_wcB | |||||||||||||||||||
35 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
36 | AGE 40+ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
37 | GDF8 knockdown | Stem cell stimulation | Blagosklonny, DNA Damage, Parabiosis | Stem cell self-renewal and division | Insufficient data, blood transfusion needed. | To be added at age 40 | GoPeps | Cancer | Derived from parabiosis models but may not be the true cause of the effect - Activin A may be more relevant. | No | This method is most effective and guaranteed to have effects through parabiosis and blood transfusion with the company Ambrosia. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28257634 | ||||||||||||||
38 | GDF11 | Stem cell stimulation | Blagosklonny, DNA Damage, Parabiosis | Stem cell self-renewal and division | Maintenance at 40ng/mL in serum | To be added at age 40 | MyBioSource | Cancer | Derived from parabiosis models but may not be the true cause of the effect - GDF8 may be more related. | No | This method is most effective and guaranteed to have effects through parabiosis and blood transfusion with the company Ambrosia. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4123747/ | ||||||||||||||
39 | IGF1 | Metabolic regulation, musculoskeletal maintenance | Caloric restriction, Blagosklonny | daf2 pathway activation | Maintenance at 85-175ng/mL in serum | To be added at age 40 | Josiah Zayner or making it myself | None at normal dose: a common GRAS supplement | None: heavily verified in metastudy. Josiah's kit however is meant for frog transfection in AAVS1 site. | Yes | Unless you are trained in genome editing and formulation, I do not recommend Josiah's genetic editing method. Injection of recombinant protein is safer. | https://www.drfuhrman.com/library/eat-to-live-blog/60/igf-1s-link-to-cancer | ||||||||||||||
40 | Zoledronate | Senolytic/inhibitor of osteoclasts | Blagosklonny | Inhibition of calcium release by osteoclasts causing hormone overcompensation and resultant rejuvenation | 5mg intravenously | Once a year after age 50 | DropshipMD | Flu-like | All-cause mortality reduction observed in hip fracture patients | No | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35561128/?mibextid=Zxz2cZ | https://www.lifespan.io/news/a-senolytic-drug-may-already-be-in-the-clinic/?fbclid=IwAR2gOZtGK9hfiw39_lX9f1O0c6vWTspxgaQ083R2yIWc5UUd80OWDDHYKM4&mibextid=Zxz2cZ | ||||||||||||||
41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
42 | VERIFIED: DOSAGE WIP | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
43 | RT001 | N/A, deuterated PUFAs or molecular hydrogen may be enough to ameliorate membrane rigidity. | ECM, glycation | Proprietary | No | |||||||||||||||||||||
44 | ISRIB | Neuroprotection and rejuvenation | Blagosklonny | Inhibits ISR activation leading to decrease of ATF4 and eIF2, rescuing spine density and reduces interferon and T cell response inflammation in the hippocampus, restoring spatial and working memory. | No | https://elifesciences.org/articles/62048 | https://neurosciencenews.com/age-cognition-reversal-drug-17347/amp/ | |||||||||||||||||||
45 | NMNH | Better bioavailability than NR/NMN | ROS | Same as NR/NMN | No | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33724555/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
46 | Follistatin | Rejuvenation of skin/hair/muscles, etc | Blagosklonny, ECM | Stimulation of hormonal pathway via binding of TGF-B members such as activin. | Gene therapy | BioViva | Cancer | n of 1 for human gene therapy, not very rigorous science. In models it increases longevity. | No | https://bioviva-science.com/blog/dual-gene-therapy-has-beneficial-effects-on-blood-biomarkers-and-muscle-composition/ | ||||||||||||||||
47 | Prostaglandin-2a | Rescue of aged smooth muscle cells in neck lymphangions to restore youthful CSF brain flow | Blagosklonny, ECM | Drug can induce contractions of smooth muscle cells and is used to induce labour | https://www.nature.com/articles/s43587-024-00691-3? | |||||||||||||||||||||
48 | MORE DATA REQUIRED | Cocktail with Quercetin, after age 40. | https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(18)30745-9?_ga=2.222640478.433641612.1549553233-1581762227.1546522212 | https://pulmonaryfibrosisnews.com/2019/01/16/senolytic-treatment-improves-physical-function-traits-ipf-patients-trial-pilot/?fbclid=IwAR1MEjqMkMrSAZsX5lPyzmHInz6TPcGmwcS1tsu5TkTMZQewS097vD538DE | ||||||||||||||||||||||
49 | Dasatinib | Senolytics | Blagosklonny | Senolytics | 100 mg | Daily | Study size is small, in pulmonary fibrosis. | Cocktail with Dasatinib, after age 40. | https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(18)30745-9?_ga=2.222640478.433641612.1549553233-1581762227.1546522212 | https://pulmonaryfibrosisnews.com/2019/01/16/senolytic-treatment-improves-physical-function-traits-ipf-patients-trial-pilot/?fbclid=IwAR1MEjqMkMrSAZsX5lPyzmHInz6TPcGmwcS1tsu5TkTMZQewS097vD538DE | ||||||||||||||||
50 | Quercetin | Senolytics, Metabolic regulation | Blagosklonny | Inhibition of CD38 to prevent NADase activity, causes senolysis of senescent cells | 1259mg | Daily | Small studies in pulmonart fibrosis models. However, it modulates cytochrome 450 to enable greater isoprenoid drug effects, enabling resveratrol | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30269951 | ||||||||||||||||||
51 | Apigenin | Neuroprotection | Lack of metastudy. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30269951 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
52 | Antivirals | N/A | Lack of metastudy. | Yes | Synergistic with psora-4 and allantoin in nematodes. Also synergistic with allantoin and rapamycin. | |||||||||||||||||||||
53 | Rifampicin | Metabolic regulation | AGE, caloric restriction | AGE reduction and daf16 activation in nematodes | Cocktail effect only verified in nematodes- insufficient mammalian or human data to proceed. | No | Synergistic with rifampicin and allantoin in nematodes | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406675/ | ||||||||||||||||||
54 | psora-4 | Haling developmental signals | Blagosklonny | Suppression of lymphocyte potassium channel Kv1.3 | Cocktail effect only verified in nematodes- insufficient mammalian or human data to proceed. | Yes | Synergistic with psora-4 and rifampicin in nematodes. Also synergistic with rifampicin and rapamycin. | |||||||||||||||||||
55 | allantoin | Metabolic regulation | Caloric restriction | Amelioration of insulin resistance | Cocktail effect only verified in nematodes- insufficient mammalian or human data to proceed. | |||||||||||||||||||||
56 | Azithromycin | Senolytics | Blagosklonny | Senolytics | https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-03/nlh-cl031319.php | |||||||||||||||||||||
57 | MANF | Stem cell stimulation | Blagosklonny | Regulation of metabolism and immune inflammatory response. Repair mechanism for liver damage. | Should be taken as part of parabiosis. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/27927636/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
58 | TIMP2 | Stem cell stimulation | Blagosklonny, ECM | Metalloproteinase inhibitor, metastasis suppressor. Inhibition of proteases in ECM remodeling. | Should be taken as part of parabiosis. | |||||||||||||||||||||
59 | Apigen | Metabolic Regulation | Blagosklonny | Inhibition of CD38 to prevent NADase activity. | Longevity in flies. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/23172919/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
60 | Sodium Salicylate | Anti-Inflammatory, Bone health | Blagosklonny | Inhibition of NFkB to prevent immune dysregulation and bone degradation. | Study shown in parabiosis in mice. | |||||||||||||||||||||
61 | Trametinib | Blagosklonny | Blagosklonny | Ras-Erk-ETS inhibition | Only done in flies | https://m.phys.org/news/2019-09-fruit-flies-longer-combination-drug.html | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4518474/#:~:text=1.56%20%CE%BCM%20and%2015.6%20%CE%BCM,1.92%20%C3%97%2010%E2%88%9210). | |||||||||||||||||||
62 | mifepristone | Blagosklonny | Blagosklonny | Blocks progesterone | https://medicalxpress.com/tags/mifepristone/ | |||||||||||||||||||||
63 | Vorinostat | Blagosklonny | Blagosklonny, caloric restriction | Acts on histones to release them for epigenetic reset | ||||||||||||||||||||||
64 | Peptide14/OS-01 | Senolytics | Ex vivo human, life/healthspan gains in c elegans | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.10.30.362822v2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
65 | Oleandrin | Senolytic | https://newatlas.com/molecule-worms-longevity-anti-aging/59040/?utm | |||||||||||||||||||||||
66 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
67 | ADDITIONAL AREAS OF INTEREST | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
68 | Piwi-piRNA pathway: suppression of transposable elements in the viral aging theory. | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/ergothioneine | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | JZL184: cannabinoid like compound implicated in hydrolase suppression to allow for lipid renewal, increased worm lifespan, scarless healing of severe burns in an old female patient. “... an inhibitor of the mammalian endocannabinoid (eCB) hydrolase monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL or MGLL). ... Administration of JZL184 to mice was reported to cause dramatic elevation of brain 2-AG leading to several cannabinoid-related behavioral effects (including analgesia, hypomotility, and hypothermia” | https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/healing-powers-no-pain-mutant-gene-scotland-a8842836.html?utm_source=reddit.com | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | CD22: microglia cleanup suppressor in the brain which may be targetable with antibodies to improve aging cognition in mice. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | PB125: an activator of NFR2, lowering TBARS. Studies only confirm in HepG2 in vitro, human studies only have n=9. | https://www.einpresswire.com/article/484649341/pathways-bioscience-announces-peer-reviewed-publication-highlighting-nrf2-activation-effects-of-pb125 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | nano-Pt: shown to mimic SOD/catalase as a strong antioxidant in c elegans models leading to longevity gains. NOTE: probably a strong immune system antagonist, likely swallowed by macrophages. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18400258 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | Ergothioneine: compound found in mushrooms whose thiol group scavenges DPPH radicals as a strong antioxidant which may reduce MCI and cognitive decline. | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/03/190312103702.htm?fbclid=IwAR0avVbKKtKP1vsxWP6ks_tnjL4OfmD36lRzHnc4_7lPHqHKMM84FqodAHs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
74 | Ultrasound therapy: may produce anti-inflammatory and metabolic regulation effects, verified for the spleen and neurons. | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08750-9?fbclid=IwAR2W55F_zmEpGlm4-XPCK9Z0MrkC-UXHpnCAh4ndhbH3_zE_viuEcXr5JiI | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
75 | Y27632 and apocynin have shown efficacy in topical application to preserve stem-cell specific collagen 17 that prevents stem cells from being ousted by neighboring somatic cells in skin. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
76 | PLCG2 is predictive of centenarians and expressed in microglia, preventing neurodegenerative disease. | https://www.alzforum.org/news/research-news/mutation-you-want-it-protects-brain-extends-life | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
77 | Selenium deficiency alters selenoprotein associated nutrient sensing, which is associated with longevity. | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/31141699/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
78 | Take enalapril for blood pressure modulation to prevent kidney damage as a potential solution for metformin sensitivity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
79 | Astragaloside-IV has in vitro activation effects on telomerase while simultaneously being protective against cancer. However, toxicity is poorly studied and lifespan increase was not observed in animal models. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
80 | Caffeic acid/methyl blue | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
81 | Serrapeptase | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
82 | Need to build myself a molecular hydrogen water device. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
83 | KAT7 viral gene therapy can reduce liver senescence and increase mice longevigy | https://www.fightaging.org/archives/2021/01/kat7-inhibition-via-gene-therapy-reduces-cellular-senescence-in-the-liver-and-extends-life-in-mice/ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
84 | DL001 is a rapalog specific to mTORC1 which may not knock down mTORC2 and lead to the negative effects of rapamycin that prevent extensiblity to healthy individuals such as GHR-KO mice that normally decreases lifespan. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
85 | SIRT6 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-23545-7?fbclid=IwAR1C36JXDg78aDcW6sgVzp7GwzN-JghL0PFuqsOk7PW8LM-FNopZTddzEQ8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
86 | SkQ at 5nmol/kg/day (0.2mg for a human) | https://old.reddit.com/r/Biohackers/comments/o64hzw/skq1/ | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3249456/ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
87 | Sinclair's partial yamanaka reprogramming extends lifespan in mice. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
88 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
89 | BACKGROUND: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
90 | Glycolysis and gluconeolysis contribute to a burst of metabolic activity that leads to ROS production and cell damage. Limiting the rate at which glycolysis occurs and forcing the use of alternative food sources via ketosis leads to more manageable ROS production. However, ketosis also produces toxic byproducts. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
91 | Sugars also cause glycation and ECM crosslinking, leading to lessened distal communication and structural integrity. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
92 | However, short bursts of ROS production lead to antioxidant activity which may be beneficial. Boosting mitochondrial metabolism through other pathways encourages mitobiogenesis while leaving ROS low. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
93 | The mitochondrial, ROS, ECM, DNA damage, and genetic expression/methylation pathways are all linked, and altering gene expression is able to improve healthspan. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
94 | Controlling metabolic expression via the mTOR, FOXO, AMPK, and Sirt1 pathways are essential for age-related protection. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
95 | Modern models also indicate that the p32, CDNK2A pathways are heavily linked to aging, and are modulated by a majority of viruses which control mitochondria to alter cell cycles. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
96 | Several key goals must be achieved concurrently to prevent aging: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
97 | 1) Switching from glycolysis to ketosis and caloric restriction but with insertion of long chain carbs that reduce sugar spikes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
98 | 2) Suppression of nonessential gene expression and protein translation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
99 | 3) Encouragement of mitobiogenesis and hormesis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
100 | 4) Prevention of nonspecific gene silencing to allow both caloric restriction benefits and hormetic benefits, which are contradictory, at once. |