Pumped Hydro

	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K
1	Pumped Hydro Comparison
2	Site	Capacity (MW)	Capacity MWh	Hours	Hours Per Day	Capital Cost ($m)	Cycles per year	Capex 10 year / MWh inc transmission	Notes	Est Date	Website
3	Kidson	250	2,000	8	8	917	364	$125.96	$770M (610 NAIF, 56 Arena, + Genex QLD Gov $147m 148km transmission	2025	https://infrastructuremagazine.com.au/2021/05/25/777-million-kidston-pumped-hydro-reaches-financial-closure/
4	Tesla Battery	512	2,000	4	4	1,113	364	$152.88	Tesla has 2m pa for maintenance Can provide other network services	2023	https://www.tesla.com/megapack/design
5	Snowy 2.0	2,000	350,000	175	8	16,000	364	$12.56	Offtake for 1000MW for pumping, 100 year design life, 175 hours. Formal cost increase from $2b to $8b estimates to $14B by 2028. + additional $4 to $17B for transmission	2026	https://www.snowyhydro.com.au/snowy-20/faqs/
6	Kidson Bouldercomb	50	100	2	4	35	364	$96.15	Kidson battery at Rockhampton	2023	https://genexpower.com.au/bouldercombe-battery-project/
7	Swiss Nant de Drance	900	20000	20		3,067	$364.00	$42.12	Swiss hydro - raising of top dam, plus tunnels and power station (14 years to build)	2022	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nant_de_Drance_Hydropower_Plant
8	Note:
9	a) Assume that every cycle does full capacity
10	b) Operating costs not included - battery probably to have lower opex than a pumped hydro setup (including R&M)
11	c) If purchase of power is at $30/MWh, and sale is at $300 MW/hr then the arbitrage will be $270 MWhr
12	d) There will be connection costs and currently network usage is only 1 way. But regulations may change
13	e) For Snowy, the storage may be for longer periods, or they could enter the daily market as well. Further costs and delays are anticipated
14	f) Batteries can be sited at existing network site - either at generation or at usage end.
15	g) Snowy - utilisation. Assume 8 hours per day generation, despite large reserve
16
17	Discussion Article
18	https://changediscussion.com/pumped-hydro-as-a-battery/
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100