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1 | RESULTS FOR CLOTH MASKS TESTED | LAST UPDATED | July 20, 2020 | NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY - FERNANDEZ AND MUELLER | |||||||||||||||||||||
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3 | Table 2. Fabric masks: details, filtration efficiency and uncertainty worn as designed and with nylon overlayer | Return to website here: | Mask Testing at Northeastern University | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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5 | MASK TESTED WORN AS DESIGNED | MASK TESTED WITH NYLON LAYER TO SIMULATE "BEST POSSIBLE FIT" | |||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | Label | Photo | Shape | Number of Samples | Mean Particle Removal Efficiency (%) | Equivalent Fit Factor | Variability Between Masks (% points) | Variability in Particle Removal Efficiency (% points) | Did nylon layer improve results? | Improvement in Mean Particle Removal Efficiency with Nylon layer (% points) | Mean Particle Removal Efficiency with Nylon layer (%) | Equivalent Fit Factor (with nylon layer) | Variability between masks, with nylon layer (% points) | Variability in Particle Removal Efficiency, with Nylon layer (% points) | Materials & description | Additional notes and photos | |||||||||
7 | Note 1 | Note 2 | Note 3 | Note 4 | Note 5 | Note 6 | Note 7 | Note 2 | Note 3 | Note 4 | |||||||||||||||
8 | CD-2 |  | duckbill | 3 | 94.6 | 18.4 | 1.8 | 1.8 | NO | Two outer layers of Halyard H600 around an innter layer of a microfiber wipe. In a duck bill shape with two elastice head straps. The mask in the photo is approx. 20 cm wide at the base and 10 cm tall. | |||||||||||||||
9 | CC-6 |  | cone | 3 | 90.7 | 10.8 | 0.8 | 3.1 | NO | fabric cone-shaped mask with elastic head band, layers (5): two Smartfab nonwoven fabric, one massage table non-woven fabric cover, two meltblown filter (BFE85); video with basic sewing instructions for masks CC3, CC4, CC5, CC6, CC7, and the liner for CC1 available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuDjMInMGyc | Note from Dr. Benjamin Chung: the video mentions dimensions for a medium sized mask (8.5 in. x 5.5 in.). For a large sized mask follow the same method using pieces that are 8.5 in. x 6.5 in. | ||||||||||||||
10 | CC-4 |  | cone | 3 | 89.1 | 9.2 | 1.7 | 3.4 | NO | fabric cone-shaped mask with elastic head band, layers (6): two Smartfab nonwoven fabric, two disposable baby wipe (dry), one massage table non-woven fabric cover, one meltblown filter (BFE85); video with basic sewing instructions for masks CC3, CC4, CC5, CC6, CC7, and the liner for CC1 available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuDjMInMGyc | Note from Dr. Benjamin Chung: the video mentions dimensions for a medium sized mask (8.5 in. x 5.5 in.). For a large sized mask follow the same method using pieces that are 8.5 in. x 6.5 in. | ||||||||||||||
11 | CO-4 |  | other | 3 | 87.0 | 7.7 | 3.7 | 4.2 | NO | Scarf/sleeve shaped mask. Two layers of non-woven material in a cylindrical scarf/sleeve configuration with elastic around the top and bottom that is worn over the face from the bridge of nose to the top of neck. The materials used are: Two layers of Non-Woven Polypropylene SMS (Spunbond/Meltblown/Spunbond) Elastane strands (latex free/spandex) are entrapped between the non-woven layers. Contact: Dan Wallander, Dukane Aurizon dwallander@dukane.com | |||||||||||||||
12 | CS-16 |  | surgical | 3 | 86.2 | 7.3 | 1.4 | 5.8 | NO | constructed using two shop towels and two polytail holders with a paperclip to shape at bridge of nose, following directions from NurseBarb on YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h065gwFcpiI), citing Syracuse University research (https://www.syracuse.com/coronavirus/2020/04/coronavirus-tips-how-to-make-a-mask-without-sewing-diy-video.html) | |||||||||||||||
13 | CC-3 |  | cone | 3 | 86.2 | 7.2 | 1.0 | 5.5 | YES | 2.3 | 88.5 | 23.4 | 1.4 | 3.8 | fabric cone-shaped mask with elastic head band and wired nose bridge, layers (6): two cotton muslin fabric, two disposable baby wipe (dry), one massage tablecover non-woven fabric, one meltblown filter (BFE85); video with basic sewing instructions for masks CC3, CC4, CC5, CC6, CC7, and the liner for CC1 available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuDjMInMGyc | Note from Dr. Benjamin Chung: the video mentions dimensions for a medium sized mask (8.5 in. x 5.5 in.). For a large sized mask follow the same method using pieces that are 8.5 in. x 6.5 in. | |||||||||
14 | CC-1 |  | cone | 3 | 85.9 | 7.1 | 6.3 | 4.7 | NO | commercially produce nuisance dust mask with cloth liner, layers (4): two Smartfab nonwoven fabric , one disposable baby wipe (dry), one meltblown filter (BFE84); video with basic sewing instructions for masks CC3, CC4, CC5, CC6, CC7, and the liner for CC1 available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuDjMInMGyc | |||||||||||||||
15 | CC-7 |  | cone | 3 | 85.3 | 6.8 | 2.2 | 4.6 | NO | fabric cone-shaped mask with elastic head band, wired nose bridge, layers (4): two Smartfab nonwoven, one massage table non-woven fabric cover, two meltblown filter (BFE85); video with basic sewing instructions for masks CC3, CC4, CC5, CC6, CC7, and the liner for CC1 available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuDjMInMGyc | Note from Dr. Benjamin Chung: the video mentions dimensions for a medium sized mask (8.5 in. x 5.5 in.). For a large sized mask follow the same method using pieces that are 8.5 in. x 6.5 in. | ||||||||||||||
16 | CS-3 |  | surgical | 3 | 85.0 | 6.6 | 1.3 | 5.4 | NO | fabric surgical style mask with ties, wired nose bridge, layers (6): two Smartfab nonwoven fabric, two disposable baby wipe (dry), one massage table non-woven fabric cover, one meltblown filter (BFE85); video with basic sewing instructions for masks CC3, CC4, CC5, CC6, CC7, and the liner for CC1 available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuDjMInMGyc | Note from Dr. Benjamin Chung: the video mentions dimensions for a medium sized mask (8.5 in. x 5.5 in.). For a large sized mask follow the same method using pieces that are 8.5 in. x 6.5 in. | ||||||||||||||
17 | CO-8 |  | other | 3 | 83.2 | 6.0 | 2.1 | 6.8 | NO | knit mask, Koala style prototype, from Bilio Mask https://www.biliomask.com/shop/koala | |||||||||||||||
18 | CC-8 |  | cone | 3 | 82.6 | 5.7 | 1.2 | 5.7 | NO | fabric cone-shaped mask with two sets of ties, wired nose bridge, layers (3): two cotton fabric, one non-woven polypropylene (recycled grocery bag) | |||||||||||||||
19 | CO-5 |  | other | 3 | 81.9 | 5.5 | 1.6 | 6.5 | NO | Scarf/sleeve shaped mask. Two layers of non-woven material in a scarf/sleeve configuration with elastic around the top, bottom, and along the back of neck, that is worn over the face from the bridge of nose to the top of neck. The materials used are: two layers of Non-Woven Polypropylene SMS (Spunbond/Meltblown/Spunbond), and elastane strands (latex free/spandex) entrapped between the non-woven layers. Contact: Dan Wallander, Dukane Aurizon dwallander@dukane.com | |||||||||||||||
20 | CS-24 |  | surgical | 3 | 80.7 | 5.2 | 4.9 | 8.5 | NO | Info coming soon | |||||||||||||||
21 | CC-5 |  | cone | 3 | 80.2 | 5.1 | 2.5 | 7.1 | NO | fabric cone-shaped mask with elastic head band, wired nose bridge, PM2.5 filter insert, layers (4,including pocket): three cotton muslin, one masage table non-woven fabric cover; video with basic sewing instructions for masks CC3, CC4, CC5, CC6, CC7, and the liner for CC1 available here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YuDjMInMGyc | Note from Dr. Benjamin Chung: the video mentions dimensions for a medium sized mask (8.5 in. x 5.5 in.). For a large sized mask follow the same method using pieces that are 8.5 in. x 6.5 in. | ||||||||||||||
22 | CS-22 | | surgical | 3 | 79.4 | 4.9 | 14.8 | 12.3 | NO | Info coming soon | |||||||||||||||
23 | CS-32 |  | surgical | 1 | 76.0 | 4.2 | 10.4 | NO | Info coming soon | ||||||||||||||||
24 | CS-4 | surgical | 3 | 72.9 | 3.7 | 8.8 | 7.1 | NO | fabric surgical style mask with ties, wired nose bridge, layers (2): two cotton duck | ||||||||||||||||
25 | CS-31 | | surgical | 1 | 72.4 | 3.6 | 12.4 | NO | Info coming soon | ||||||||||||||||
26 | CS-14 |  | surgical | 1 | 71.6 | 3.5 | 9.4 | LIKELY | 10.1 | 81.6 | 6.7 | Cotton and 2-ply cotton muslin pocket without filter and with elastic ear loops. Finished size 21 cm × 16 cm pleated to 7 cm along short edge. | |||||||||||||
27 | CS-33 | | surgical | 1 | 71.5 | 3.5 | 12.6 | NO | Info coming soon | ||||||||||||||||
28 | CO-7 |  | other | 1 | 70.8 | 3.4 | 7.3 | NO | Info coming soon | ||||||||||||||||
29 | CS-30 | | surgical | 1 | 69.2 | 3.3 | 13.8 | NO | Info coming soon | ||||||||||||||||
30 | CS-25 | | surgical | 3 | 69.2 | 3.2 | 7.7 | 11.2 | YES | 11.2 | 80.4 | 5.1 | 0.6 | 6.8 | Info coming soon | ||||||||||
31 | CS-23 |  | surgical | 3 | 69.2 | 3.2 | 10.4 | 10.2 | NO | Mask portion knit from two layers of microfiber nylon. Earloops made from spandex. Manufactured by Dreamworks Knitting (https://www.dreamworksknitting.com/) | |||||||||||||||
32 | CS-27 | Photo coming soon | surgical | 3 | 67.1 | 3.0 | 1.3 | 9.9 | YES | 2.3 | 69.4 | 3.3 | 1.2 | 10.0 | Info coming soon | ||||||||||
33 | CS-26 | | surgical | 3 | 66.5 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 13.8 | NO | Info coming soon | |||||||||||||||
34 | CS-13 |  | surgical | 1 | 64.5 | 2.8 | 10.3 | LIKELY | 4.4 | 68.9 | 3.5 | 2-ply cotton pocket without filter and with elastic ear loops. Finished size 17 cm × 16 cm gathered to 7 cm on short edge. | |||||||||||||
35 | CD-1 |  | duckbill | 3 | 64.2 | 2.8 | 11.0 | 9.5 | YES | 16.1 | 80.3 | 5.9 | 11.1 | 6.3 | duck-bill shaped mask with elastic head band, wired nose bridge, layers (6): 4 cotton fabric, 2 Pellon interfacing | ||||||||||
36 | CS-29 | | surgical | 1 | 62.3 | 2.7 | 18.4 | NO | Info coming soon | ||||||||||||||||
37 | CO-3 |  | surgical | 1 | 60.8 | 2.6 | 14.6 | LIKELY | 18.3 | 79.1 | 5.4 | Outer layers: ProCool Stretch-FIT Dri-QWick Sports Jersey Fabric by AKAS Textiles & Laminations (Lycra, Polyamide, and Polyester). Inner filter layer: Zorb 3D Stay Dry Dimple Heavy Duty Fabric by AKAS Textiles & Laminations (Bamboo Viscose, Cotton, Organic Cotton, and Polyester) | |||||||||||||
38 | CS-34 |  | surgical | 3 | 60.5 | 2.5 | 4.2 | 15.0 | NO | Info coming soon | |||||||||||||||
39 | CO-1 |  | other / fitted | 3 | 60.5 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 15.9 | NO | One size fits most, "tri-zone ergonomic nose and mouth pockets". 95% polyester, 5% nylon, 1% spandex. | |||||||||||||||
40 | CC-2 |  | cone | 3 | 60.3 | 2.5 | 3.2 | 10.4 | NO | comercially produced nuisance dust mask | |||||||||||||||
41 | CS-28 | | surgical | 1 | 59.8 | 2.5 | 15.5 | NO | Info coming soon | ||||||||||||||||
42 | CO-6 | | other | 3 | 59.7 | 2.5 | 3.7 | 11.3 | NO | Info coming soon | |||||||||||||||
43 | CS-10 |  | surgical | 1 | 59.6 | 2.5 | 17.1 | LIKELY | 19.0 | 78.6 | 5.3 | 2-layer cotton with vacuum cleaner bag section as filter insert with elastic ear loops. Gather Here Fabric Face Mask pattern (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zpagdPA89kHFfV2YZzfejyDIN95mTvG8/view) | |||||||||||||
44 | CS-36 |  | surgical | 2 | 58.9 | 2.4 | - | 13.1 | YES | 14.6 | 73.4 | 3.8 | - | - | fabric surgical style mask with earloops, no wire at bridge of nose, layers (3): woven nylon outerlayers around an unidentified filter | ||||||||||
45 | CS-1 |  | surgical | 4 | 58.6 | 2.4 | 5.0 | 11.6 | YES | 18.9 | 77.5 | 5.0 | 7.9 | 0.8 | cloth surgical-style mask with earloops and wired nose bridge, layers (3): two cotton quilting fabric and one Pellon interfacing. Constructed from 25 cm × 20 cm rectangular layers, pleated at the short edges to 8 cm, with 22 cm elastic ear loops sewn through the pleated edge. | ||||||||||
46 | CS-17 |  | surgical | 3 | 56.3 | 2.3 | 21.5 | 12.2 | NO | surgical style mask made of two layers of Halyard H600 with with two sets of ties | |||||||||||||||
47 | CS-5 |  | surgical | 3 | 56.0 | 2.3 | 3.9 | 13.1 | YES | 10.9 | 66.9 | 3.2 | 4.3 | 10.2 | fabric surgical style mask with two sets of ties, no wire at bridge of nose, layers (2): two layers of cotton twill (https://www.thereformation.com/products/5-masks) | ||||||||||
48 | CS-19 |  | surgical | 3 | 52.6 | 2.1 | 21.6 | 13.5 | NO | Info coming soon | |||||||||||||||
49 | CS-18 |  | surgical | 2 | 47.2 | 1.9 | 15.9 | LIKELY | 11.1 | 58.3 | 2.5 | https://www.onzie.com/products/mindful-masks-2-pack : website description = "multi-layer fabric made of Full Flex Spandex technology for the exterior with a high performance inner lining and elastic straps" | |||||||||||||
50 | CS-6 | surgical | 3 | 47.1 | 1.9 | 2.3 | 12.2 | YES | 9.7 | 56.7 | 2.4 | 6.3 | 8.7 | fabric surgical style mask with earloops, no wire at bridge of nose, layers (2): woven nylon | |||||||||||
51 | CS-20 |  | surgical | 3 | 45.2 | 1.8 | 10.8 | 25.5 | NO | 2-layers of quilting cotton with a filter layer of spun-bond polypropylene (as used in soft, reusable grocery bags), with nose wire and elastic ear loops. Sewing instructions available at https://www.facebook.com/thequiltedcanvas/ | |||||||||||||||
52 | CS-37 |  | surgical | 3 | 44.6 | 1.8 | 5.1 | 14.8 | LIKELY | 14.5 | 59.2 | 2.5 | 4.0 | 10.6 | 2-layer earloop mask with wired nose bridge. Nylon outlayer with cotton inner layer. Constructed with a filter pocket but no filter used in testing. Sold by Caara (https://caraasport.com/products/mask-pack?variant=32126448238672). | ||||||||||
53 | CS-12 |  | surgical | 1 | 44.2 | 1.8 | 18.0 | LIKELY | 7.7 | 51.9 | 2.2 | 2-layer cotton pocket without insert with elastic ear loops. Gather Here Fabric Face Mask pattern (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zpagdPA89kHFfV2YZzfejyDIN95mTvG8/view) | |||||||||||||
54 | CS-21 |  | surgical | 1 | 43.9 | 1.8 | 16.6 | LIKELY | 31.5 | 75.4 | 4.4 | 2-ply cotton with Zep paper towel as filter layer with nose wire and elastic ear loops. Constructed from approx. 21 cm × 13 cm rectangle (finished size) gathered to 9 cm on short edge. | |||||||||||||
55 | CS-35 |  | surgical | 2 | 43.4 | 1.8 | - | 13.9 | LIKELY | 6.1 | 49.6 | 2.0 | - | - | two layers of spandex with earloops and no nose wire. available from Alice + Olivia (https://www.aliceandolivia.com/shoes-accessories/facemasks/). | ||||||||||
56 | CO-9 |  | other | 3 | 43.3 | 1.8 | 3.7 | 12.8 | NOT TESTED | - | - | - | - | - | two layer nylon knit cover over rigid oval ring, made for singers, updated design similar to the following: https://youtu.be/FYeCx9WMl8Q | ||||||||||
57 | CS-8 |  | surgical | 1 | 35.6 | 1.6 | 22.8 | LIKELY | 45.8 | 81.4 | 5.9 | 2-ply cotton with organic cotton batting with nose wire and elastic ear loops. Constructed from approx. 21 cm × 13 cm rectangle (finished size) gathered to 9 cm on short edge. | |||||||||||||
58 | CS-9 |  | surgical | 1 | 34.7 | 1.5 | 17.3 | LIKELY | 22.8 | 57.5 | 2.4 | 2-ply cotton with nose wire and elastic ear loops. Constructed from approx. 21 cm × 13 cm rectangle (finished size) gathered to 9 cm on short edge. | |||||||||||||
59 | CS-7 |  | surgical | 1 | 34.1 | 1.5 | 19.0 | LIKELY | 49.5 | 83.6 | 6.7 | 2-ply cotton pocket with replaceable organic cotton batting filter. 21 cm ×10 cm rectangular pocket without pleats and with elastic ear loops. | |||||||||||||
60 | CS-15 |  | surgical | 3 | 33.9 | 1.5 | 9.5 | 15.8 | NO | polyester outer layers, Pellon inner layer | |||||||||||||||
61 | CS-11 |  | surgical | 1 | 31.8 | 1.5 | 22.2 | LIKELY | 40.3 | 72.1 | 3.8 | 2-layer cotton with Halyard H600 filter insert with elastic ear loops. Gather Here Fabric Face Mask pattern (https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zpagdPA89kHFfV2YZzfejyDIN95mTvG8/view) | |||||||||||||
62 | CO-2 |  | other / fitted | 3 | 29.4 | 1.4 | 10.6 | 18.6 | YES | 16.8 | 46.2 | 1.9 | 12.3 | 13.8 | polyester outer layers, Pellon inner layer | ||||||||||
63 | CS-2 |  | surgical | 3 | 28.2 | 1.4 | 5.9 | 24.3 | YES | 45.0 | 73.2 | 3.9 | 6.1 | 1.2 | fabric surgical style mask with earloops, no wire at bridge of nose, layers: two cotton plainweave. Finished size 20 cm × 16 cm rectangle gathered to 10 cm on short edge. | ||||||||||
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67 | EXPLANATORY NOTES: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
68 | 1 | Mean filtration is calculated as: 100 X (Room particle concentration - In-mask particle concentration) / Room particle concentration | |||||||||||||||||||||||
69 | 2 | Fit Factor is the metric used to assess N95 masks and is calculated as: Room particle concentration) / In-mask particle concentration. For an N95, typcially 100 is considered as the cutoff for a passing score. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
70 | 3 | Reported as the standard deviation between replicate masks - provides a measure of consistency of construction of the mask. Note: if fewer than 3 masks are tested, this number cannot be calculated. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
71 | 4 | Provides a combined measure of goodness of fit and material filtration efficiency. Calculated as the mean of time-based standard deviation for each mask test. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
72 | 5 | If "YES" - this means the overall fit of the mask when worn as designed had significant air-leakage pathways. If "LIKELY" it means we did not have enough masks to verify repeatability of the improvement seen. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
73 | 6 | Provides a measure of quality of the mask fit - the larger this number, the poorer the fit of the mask. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
74 | 7 | Provides a measure of the quality of the material of the mask - the larger this number, the better the material works as a filter against small particles. | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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