ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZAAABACADAEAFAGAHAIAJ
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NO.STATE NAMESTATE/FEDERAL ELECTORAL DISTRICTSSUBSTANTIVE REQUIREMENTSPROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTSCOMMENTS
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EQUAL POPULATIONCOMPACTNESSCONTIGUITYCOUNTY BOUNDARIESMUNICIPAL BOUNDARIESPRECINCT / VTD BOUNDARIESPARTISAN ADVANTAGE / HISTORY / DATA USAGEINCUMBENCY PROTECTIONCOMPETITIVENESS REQUIREMENTPRESERVE PAST DISTRICT CORESCOMMUNITIES OF INTEREST (neighborhoods, etc. . .)ENTITY PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR REDISTRICTING
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Required, Allowed, Prohibited, or Silent / Unknown?Provision (if R/A/P)Required, Allowed, Prohibited, or Silent / Unknown?Provision (if R/A/P)Required, Allowed, Prohibited, or Silent / Unknown?Provision (if R/A/P)Required, Allowed, Prohibited, or Silent / Unknown?Provision (if R/A/P)Required, Allowed, Prohibited, or Silent / Unknown?Provision (if R/A/P)Required, Allowed, Prohibited, or Silent / Unknown?Provision (if R/A/P)Required, Allowed, Prohibited, or Silent / Unknown?Provision (if R/A/P)Required, Allowed, Prohibited, or Silent / Unknown?Provision (if R/A/P)Required, Allowed, Prohibited, or Silent / Unknown?Provision (if R/A/P)Required, Allowed, Prohibited, or Silent / Unknown?Provision (if R/A/P)Required, Allowed, Prohibited, or Silent / Unknown?Provision (if R/A/P)Legislature, Advisory Commission, Independent Commission, Political Appointee Commission, Politician Commission?Provision
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1AlabamaStateRReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), II.2RReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.6.CRReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.6.BRReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.7.BRReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.7.BRReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.7.BS/URReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.7.AS/US/URReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.7.BLAla. Code § 17-14-70
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FederalRReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), II.1RReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.6.CRReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.6.BRReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.7.BRReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.7.BRReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.7.BS/URReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.7.AS/US/URReapportionment Comm. Guidelines (2011), IV.7.BLAla. Code § 29-1-1.2
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2AlaskaStateRAlaska Const. art. VI, § 6RAlaska Const. art. VI, § 6RAlaska Const. art. VI, § 6AAlaska Const. art. VI, § 6AAlaska Const. art. VI, § 6S/US/US/US/US/URAlaska Const. art. VI, § 6PACAlaska Const. art. VI, § 8(b)
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FederalAt-large congressional district
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3ArizonaStateRAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (b)RAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (c)RAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (c)RAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (e)RAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (e)S/UPAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (15)PAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (15)RAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (f)S/URAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (d)ICAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1The language prohibiting incumbency protection and partisan advantage is somewhat indirect: "Party registration and voting history data shall be excluded from the initial phase of the mapping process but may be used to test maps for compliance with the above goals. The places of residence of incumbents or candidates shall not be identified or considered."
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FederalRAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (b)RAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (c)RAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (c)RAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (e)RAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (e)S/UPAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (15)PAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (15)RAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (f)S/URAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1 (14) (d)ICAriz. Const. art. IV, Pt. 2 § 1
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4ArkansasStateRArk. Const. art. VIII, § 3RArkansas Board of Apportionment, Redistricting Criteria Approved by the CourtsRArk. Const. art. VIII, § 3RArk. Const. art. VIII, § 3RArkansas Board of Apportionment, Redistricting Criteria Approved by the CourtsS/US/UAArkansas Board of Apportionment, Redistricting Criteria Approved by the CourtsS/URArkansas Board of Apportionment, Redistricting Criteria Approved by the CourtsRArkansas Board of Apportionment, Redistricting Criteria Approved by the CourtsPCArk. Const. art. VIII, § 3The state board of apportionment website claims that incumbency protection and preservation of past district cores are "redistricting criteria approved by the courts," without citing to any actual case.
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FederalNo known state constitutional or statutory requirementLArk. Code Ann. § 7-2-101 (West)
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5CaliforniaStateRCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(d)(1)RCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(d)(5)RCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(d)(3)RCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(d)(4)RCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(d)(4)S/UPCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(e)PCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(e)S/US/URCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(d)(4)ICCal. Const. art. XXI, §§ 1, 2
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FederalRCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(d)(1)RCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(d)(5)RCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(d)(3)RCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(d)(4)RCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(d)(4)S/UPCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(e)PCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(e)S/US/URCal. Const. art. XXI, § 2(d)(4)ICCal. Const. art. XXI, §§ 1, 2
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6ColoradoStateRColo. Const. art. V, § 48.1(1)(a)RColo. Const. art. V, § 48.1(2)(b)RColo. Const. art. V, § 48.1(1)(a)RColo. Const. art. V, § 48.1(2)(a)RColo. Const. art. V, § 48.1(2)(a)S/UPColo. Const. art. V, § 48.1(4)(a)PColo. Const. art. V, § 48.1(4)(a)RColo. Const. art. V, § 48.1(3)(a)S/URColo. Const. art. V, § 48.1(2)(a)ICColo. Const. art. V, §§ 44, 44.1
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FederalRColo. Const. art. V, § 44.3(1)(a)RColo. Const. art. V, § 44.3(2)(b)RColo. Const. art. V, § 44.3(1)(a)RColo. Const. art. V, § 44.3(2)(a)RColo. Const. art. V, § 44.3(2)(a)S/UPColo. Const. art. V, § 44.3(4)(a)PColo. Const. art. V, § 44.3(4)(a)RColo. Const. art. V, § 44.3(3)(a)S/URColo. Const. art. V, § 44.3(2)(a)ICColo. Const. art. V, §§ 44, 44.1
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7ConnecticutStateS/US/URConn. Const. art. III, §§ 3, 4S/URConn. Const. art. III, § 4S/US/US/US/US/US/UACConn. Const. art. III, § 6
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FederalNo known state constitutional or statutory requirementACConn. Const. art. III, § 6
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8DelawareStateRDel. Code Ann. tit. 29, § 804(2) (West)S/URDel. Code Ann. tit. 29, § 804(1) (West)S/US/US/UPDel. Code Ann. tit. 29, § 804(4) (West)PDel. Code Ann. tit. 29, § 804(4) (West)S/US/US/ULDel. Code Ann. tit. 29, § 804 (West)
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FederalAt-large congressional district
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9FloridaStateRFla. Const. art. III, § 21(b)RFla. Const. art. III, § 21(b)RFla. Const. art. III, § 21(a)RFla. Const. art. III, § 21(b)RFla. Const. art. III, § 21(b)S/UPFla. Const. art. III, § 21(a)PFla. Const. art. III, § 21(a)S/US/US/ULFla. Const. art. III, § 16
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FederalRFla. Const. art. III, § 20(b)RFla. Const. art. III, § 20(b)RFla. Const. art. III, § 20(a)RFla. Const. art. III, § 20(b)RFla. Const. art. III, § 20(b)S/UPFla. Const. art. III, § 20(a)PFla. Const. art. III, § 20(a)S/US/US/ULFla. Stat. Ann. § 8.081 (West)
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10GeorgiaStateR2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.2R2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.7(b)RGa. Const. art. III, § 2, ¶ IIR2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.7(a)S/UR2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.7(a)S/UA2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.8S/US/UR2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.7(c)LGa. Code Ann. § 28-2-1 (West)The Georgia State Senate's 2011-2012 reapportionment guidelines are materially identical to that of the House.
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FederalR2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.1R2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.7(b)R2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.5R2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.7(a)S/UR2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.7(a)S/UA2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.8S/US/UR2011-2012 Guidelines for the House Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Committee, III.A.7(c)LGa. Code Ann. § 21-1-2 (West)
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11HawaiiStateRHaw. Const. art. IV, § 6RHaw. Const. art. IV, § 6RHaw. Const. art. IV, § 6S/US/US/UPHaw. Const. art. IV, § 6PHaw. Const. art. IV, § 6S/US/URHaw. Const. art. IV, § 6PACHaw. Const. art. IV, § 2Requirement to follow census tracts (not VTDs)
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FederalRHaw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 25-2(b) (West)RHaw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 25-2(b)(3) (West)RHaw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 25-2(b)(2) (West)S/US/US/UPHaw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 25-2(b)(1) (West)PHaw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 25-2(b)(1) (West)S/US/URHaw. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 25-2(b)(6) (West)PACHaw. Const. art. IV, § 2Requirement to follow census tracts (not VTDs)
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12IdahoStateRIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(3) (West)RIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(4) (West)RIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(6) (West)RIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(5) (West)S/URIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(7) (West)PIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(8) (West)PIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(8) (West)S/US/URIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(2) (West)PACIdaho Code Ann. §§ 72-1501, 72-1502 (West)
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FederalRIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(3) (West)RIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(4) (West)RIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(6) (West)RIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(5) (West)S/URIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(7) (West)PIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(8) (West)PIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(8) (West)S/US/URIdaho Code Ann. § 72-1506(2) (West)PACIdaho Code Ann. §§ 72-1501, 72-1502 (West)
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13IllinoisStateRIll. Const. art. IV, § 3(a)RIll. Const. art. IV, § 3(a)RIll. Const. art. IV, § 3(a)S/US/US/US/US/US/US/US/ULIll. Const. art. IV, § 3(b)
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FederalNo known state constitutional or statutory requirementL10 Ill. Comp. Stat. Ann. 77/10.1
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14IndianaStateRInd. Const. art. IV, § 5S/URInd. Const. art. IV, § 5S/US/US/US/US/US/US/US/ULInd. Const. art. IV, § 5
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FederalNo known state constitutional or statutory requirementLInd. Code Ann. § 3-3-5-1 (West)
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15IowaStateRIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(1)(a) (West)RIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(4) (West)RIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(3) (West)RIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(2) (West)RIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(2) (West)S/UPIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(5) (West)PIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(5) (West)S/US/US/UACIowa Code Ann. § 42.2 (West)
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FederalRIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(1)(b) (West)RIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(4) (West)RIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(3) (West)RIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(2) (West)RIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(2) (West)S/UPIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(5) (West)PIowa Code Ann. § 42.4(5) (West)S/US/US/UACIowa Code Ann. § 42.2 (West)
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16KansasStateRGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Legislative Redistricting, 2RGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Legislative Redistricting, 4(b)RGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Legislative Redistricting, 4(b)RGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Legislative Redistricting, 4(c)RGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Legislative Redistricting, 4(c)RGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Legislative Redistricting, 4(a)S/URGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Legislative Redistricting, 4(e)S/US/URGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Legislative Redistricting, 4(d)LKan. Const. art. X, § 1(a)
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FederalRGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Congressional Redistricting, 2RGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Congressional Redistricting, 5RGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Congressional Redistricting, 5RGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Congressional Redistricting, 4(c)S/URGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Congressional Redistricting, 1S/US/US/URGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Congressional Redistricting, 4(b)RGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Congressional Redistricting, 4(a)LGuidelines and Criteria for 2012 Kansas Congressional and Legislative Redistricting, Congressional Redistricting, 2
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17KentuckyStateRKy. Const. § 33S/URKy. Const. § 33RKy. Const. § 33S/US/US/US/US/US/US/ULKy. Const. § 33
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FederalS/US/URCriteria & Standards for Congressional Redistricting 2RCriteria & Standards for Congressional Redistricting 5S/URCriteria & Standards for Congressional Redistricting 5(a)S/US/US/URCriteria & Standards for Congressional Redistricting 8RCriteria & Standards for Congressional Redistricting 4LKy. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 118B.110 (West)
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18LouisianaStateRLa. Const. Ann. art. III, § 6(A)S/URHouse Committee Rules for Redistricting, I.FRHouse Committee Rules for Redistricting, I.GRHouse Committee Rules for Redistricting, I.GRHouse Committee Rules for Redistricting, I.ES/US/US/URHouse Committee Rules for Redistricting, I.HS/ULLa. Const. Ann. art. III, § 6(A)The Senate committee rules are materially identical to those of the House.
39
FederalRHouse Committee Rules for Redistricting, I.CS/URHouse Committee Rules for Redistricting, I.FRHouse Committee Rules for Redistricting, I.GRHouse Committee Rules for Redistricting, I.GRHouse Committee Rules for Redistricting, I.ES/US/US/URHouse Committee Rules for Redistricting, I.HS/ULHouse Committee Rules for Redistricting, I.C
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19MaineStateRMe. Const. art. IV, Pt. 1, § 2RMe. Const. art. IV, Pt. 1, § 2RMe. Const. art. IV, Pt. 1, § 2RMe. Const. art. IV, Pt. 1, § 2RMe. Const. art. IV, Pt. 1, § 2S/US/US/US/US/URMe. Rev. Stat. tit. 21-A, § 1206-AACMe. Const. art. IV, Pt. 3, § 1-A
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FederalRMe. Rev. Stat. tit. 21-A, § 1206(1)RMe. Rev. Stat. tit. 21-A, § 1206(1)RMe. Rev. Stat. tit. 21-A, § 1206(1)RMe. Rev. Stat. tit. 21-A, § 1206(1)RMe. Rev. Stat. tit. 21-A, § 1206(1)S/US/US/US/US/US/ULMe. Rev. Stat. tit. 21-A, § 1205
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20MarylandStateRMd. Const. art. III, § 4RMd. Const. art. III, § 4RMd. Const. art. III, § 4RMd. Const. art. III, § 4RMd. Const. art. III, § 4S/US/US/US/US/US/ULMd. Const. art. III, § 3
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FederalNo known state constitutional or statutory requirementLMd. Code Ann., Elec. Law § LAW § 8-701 (West)
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21MassachusettsStateRMa. Const. Art. Amend. 101 § 2S/URMa. Const. Art. Amend. 101 § 1RMa. Const. Art. Amend. 101 § 2RMa. Const. Art. Amend. 101 § 1S/US/US/US/US/US/ULMa. Const. Art. Amend. 101 § 1
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FederalNo known state constitutional or statutory requirementLMass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch. 57, § 1 (West)
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22MichiganStateRMich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 4.261(d)RMich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 4.261(i)RMich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 4.261(c)RMich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 4.261(e)RMich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 4.261(g)S/UPMI Const. Art. 4, § 6(13)(d) (West)PMI Const. Art. 4, § 6(13)(e) (West)S/US/URMI Const. Art. 4, § 6(13)(c) (West)ICMI Const. Art. 4, § 6(1) (West)
47
FederalRMich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 3.63(a)RMich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 3.63(c)(vi)RMich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 3.63(c)(i)RMich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 3.63(c)(ii)RMich. Comp. Laws Ann. § 3.63(c)(iv)S/UPMI Const. Art. 4, § 6(13)(d) (West)PMI Const. Art. 4, § 6(13)(e) (West)S/US/URMI Const. Art. 4, § 6(13)(c) (West)ICMI Const. Art. 4, § 6(1) (West)
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23MinnesotaStateRMinn. Const. art. IV, § 2S/URMinn. Const. art. IV, § 3RMinn. Stat. Ann. § 2.91, Subd. 2 (West)RMinn. Stat. Ann. § 2.91, Subd. 2 (West)S/US/US/US/US/US/ULMinn. Const. art. IV, § 2; Minn. Stat. Ann. § 3.305 (West)Hippert v. Ritchie, No. A11–152, at 9 (Minn. Nov. 4, 2011) imposed certain districting criteria (e.g., a ban on incumbency protection) in the course of adjudicating a challenge to existing state legislative and congressional districts. However, we do not count that ruling here because the empirical definition considers only constitutions, statutes, and legislative guidelines.
49
FederalRMinn. Stat. Ann. § 2.91, Subd. 2 (West)S/US/URMinn. Stat. Ann. § 2.91, Subd. 2 (West)RMinn. Stat. Ann. § 2.91, Subd. 2 (West)S/US/US/US/US/US/ULMinn. Stat. Ann. § 2.91, Subd. 1 (West)
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24MississippiStateRCriteria for Legislative and Congressional Redistricting, Standing Joint Legislative Committee on Reapportionment & Standing Joint Congressional Redistricting Committee, at 2 (Apr. 5, 2012).RMiss. Code. Ann. § 5-3-101(a) (West)RMiss. Code. Ann. § 5-3-101(a) (West)RMiss. Code. Ann. § 5-3-101(a) (West)RMiss. Code. Ann. § 5-3-101(a) (West)S/US/US/US/US/US/ULMiss. Code. Ann. § 5-3-91 (West)Smith v. Hosemann, 852 F. Supp. 2d 757, 766 (S.D. Miss. 2011) imposed certain districting criteria in the course of adjudicating a challenge to a proposed congressional redistricting plan. However, we do not count that ruling here because the empirical definition considers only constitutions, statutes, and legislative guidelines.
51
FederalRCriteria for Legislative and Congressional Redistricting, Standing Joint Legislative Committee on Reapportionment & Standing Joint Congressional Redistricting Committee, at 2 (Apr. 5, 2012).RMiss. Code. Ann. §§ 5-3-91; 5-3-101 (West)RCriteria for Legislative and Congressional Redistricting, Standing Joint Legislative Committee on Reapportionment & Standing Joint Congressional Redistricting Committee, at 2 (Apr. 5, 2012).RMiss. Code. Ann. §§ 5-3-91; 5-3-101 (West)RMiss. Code. Ann. §§ 5-3-91; 5-3-101 (West)S/US/US/US/US/US/ULMiss. Code. Ann. § 5-3-121 (West)
52
25MissouriStateRMo. Const. art. III, § 3(c)(1)(a)RMo. Const. art. III, § 3(c)(1)(e)RMo. Const. art. III, § 3(c)(1)(c)RMo. Const. art. III, § 3(c)(1)(d)RMo. Const. art. III, § 3(c)(1)(d)S/UPMo. Const. art. III, § 3(c)(1)(b)S/URMo. Const. art. III, § 3(c)(1)(b)S/US/UPACMo. Const. art. III, § 3(a)
53
FederalRMo. Const. art. III, § 45RMo. Const. art. III, § 45RMo. Const. art. III, § 45S/US/US/US/US/US/US/US/ULMo. Const. art. III, § 45
54
26MontanaStateRMont. Const. art. V, § 14(1)RMont. Const. art. V, § 14(1)RMont. Const. art. V, § 14(1)RMont. Code Ann. § 5-1-115(2)(b) (West)RMont. Code Ann. § 5-1-115(2)(b) (West)S/UPMont. Code Ann. § 5-1-115(3) (West)PMont. Code Ann. § 5-1-115(3) (West)S/US/US/UPACMont. Const. art. V, § 14(2)
55
FederalAt-large congressional district
56
27NebraskaStateRNeb. Const. art. III, § 5RNeb. Const. art. III, § 5RNeb. Const. art. III, § 5RLegislative Resolution 102, at 2, Apr. 9, 2011S/US/UPLegislative Resolution 102, at 2, Apr. 9, 2011PLegislative Resolution 102, at 2, Apr. 9, 2011S/URLegislative Resolution 102, at 2, Apr. 9, 2011S/ULNeb. Const. art. III, § 5Resolution 102 was approved by the Nebraska legislature, as indicated by this webpage.
57
FederalRLegislative Resolution 102, at 3, Apr. 9, 2011RLegislative Resolution 102, at 3, Apr. 9, 2011RLegislative Resolution 102, at 3, Apr. 9, 2011RLegislative Resolution 102, at 3, Apr. 9, 2011RLegislative Resolution 102, at 3, Apr. 9, 2011S/UPLegislative Resolution 102, at 2, Apr. 9, 2011PLegislative Resolution 102, at 2, Apr. 9, 2011S/URLegislative Resolution 102, at 3, Apr. 9, 2011S/ULLegislative Resolution 102, at 1, Apr. 9, 2011
58
28NevadaStateRNev. Const. art. IV, § 5S/US/US/US/US/US/US/US/US/US/ULNev. Const. art. IV, § 5Order Re: Redistricting, Guy v. Miller, No. 11OC421B, at 3 (Nev. Dist. Ct. Sept. 21, 2011) imposes certain districting criteria with respect to both state legislative and congressional redistricting. However, we do not count that ruling here because the empirical definition considers only constitutions, statutes, and legislative guidelines.
59
FederalNo known state constitutional or statutory requirementLNev. Const. art. XV, § 13
60
29New HampshireStateRN.H. Const. Pt. 2, art. IXS/URN.H. Const. Pt. 2, art. XXVIS/URN.H. Const. Pt. 2, art. IXS/US/US/US/US/US/ULN.H. Const. Pt. 2, art. IX
61
FederalNo known state constitutional or statutory requirementLN.H. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 662:1
62
30New JerseyStateRN.J. Const. art. IV, § 2, ¶ 1RN.J. Const. art. IV, § 2, ¶ 3RN.J. Const. art. IV, § 2, ¶ 1RN.J. Const. art. IV, § 2, ¶ 1RN.J. Const. art. IV, § 2, ¶ 3S/US/US/US/US/US/UPACN.J. Const. art. IV, § 3, ¶ 1
63
FederalNo known state constitutional or statutory requirementPACN.J. Const. art. II, § 2, ¶ 1
64
31New MexicoStateRA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)RN.M. Stat. Ann. §§ 2-7C-3, 2-8D-2 (West)RN.M. Stat. Ann. §§ 2-7C-3, 2-8D-2 (West)RA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)RA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)RA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)S/UAA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)S/UAA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)RA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)LN.M. Const. art. IV, § 3(D)
65
FederalRA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)RA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)RA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)RA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)RA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)RA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)S/UAA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)S/UAA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)RA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 16 (2011)LA Guide to State and Congressional Redistricting in New Mexico 1 (2011)
66
32New YorkStateRN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(2)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(4)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(3)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)S/UPN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)PN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)ACN.Y. Legis. Law § 83-m (McKinney)
67
FederalRN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(2)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(4)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(3)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)S/UPN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)PN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)RN.Y. Const. art. III, § 4(c)(5)ACN.Y. Legis. Law § 83-m (McKinney)
68
33North CarolinaStateRN.C. Const. art. II, §§ 3(1), 5(1)RN.C. House and Senate Plans Criteria, Senate Committee on Redistricting & House Select Committee on Redistriting 1 (Aug. 10, 2017)RN.C. Const. art. II, §§ 3(2), 5(2)RN.C. Const. art. II, §§ 3(3), 5(3)AN.C. House and Senate Plans Criteria, Senate Committee on Redistricting & House Select Committee on Redistriting 1 (Aug. 10, 2017)RN.C. House and Senate Plans Criteria, Senate Committee on Redistricting & House Select Committee on Redistricting 1 (Aug. 10, 2017)AN.C. House and Senate Plans Criteria, Senate Committee on Redistricting & House Select Committee on Redistricting 1 (Aug. 10, 2017)AN.C. House and Senate Plans Criteria, Senate Committee on Redistricting & House Select Committee on Redistricting 1 (Aug. 10, 2017)S/US/US/ULN.C. Const. art. II, §§ 3(1), 5(1)Stephenson v. Bartlett, 562 S.E.2d 377, 397 (N.C. 2002) imposes a requirement to preserve communities of interest in state legislative districting. However, we do not count that ruling here because the empirical definition considers only constitutions, statutes, and legislative guidelines.
69
FederalRN.C. Congressional Plan Criteria, Joint Select Committee on Congressional Redistricting 1 (Feb. 16, 2016)RN.C. Congressional Plan Criteria, Joint Select Committee on Congressional Redistricting 2 (Feb. 16, 2016)RN.C. Congressional Plan Criteria, Joint Select Committee on Congressional Redistricting 1 (Feb. 16, 2016)RN.C. Congressional Plan Criteria, Joint Select Committee on Congressional Redistricting 1 (Feb. 16, 2016)S/URN.C. Congressional Plan Criteria, Joint Select Committee on Congressional Redistricting 1 (Feb. 16, 2016)RN.C. Congressional Plan Criteria, Joint Select Committee on Congressional Redistricting 1 (Feb. 16, 2016)RN.C. Congressional Plan Criteria, Joint Select Committee on Congressional Redistricting 2 (Feb. 16, 2016)S/US/US/ULN.C. Gen. Stat. Ann. § 163-201
70
34North DakotaStateRN.D. Cent. Code Ann. § 54-03-01.5(5) (West)RN.D. Const. art. IV, § 2RN.D. Const. art. IV, § 2S/US/US/US/US/US/US/US/ULN.D. Const. art. IV, § 2
71
FederalAt-large congressional district
72
35OhioStateROhio Const. Article XI, Section 3ROhio Const. Article XI, Section 6(C)ROhio Const. Article XI, Section 7(A)ROhio Const. Article XI, Section 7(A)ROhio Const. Article XI, Section 7(B)S/UPOhio Const. Article XI, Section 6(A)S/US/UROhio Const. Article XI, Section 7(D)S/UPACOhio Const. Article XI, Section 1
73
FederalROhio Const. Article XIX, Section 2(A)(2)ROhio Const. Article XIX, Section 2(B)(2)ROhio Const. Article XIX, Section 2(B)(3)ROhio Const. Article XIX, Section 1(F)(3)(b)ROhio Const. Article XIX, Section 1(F)(3)(b)S/UPOhio Const. Article XIX, Section 1(F)(3)(a)POhio Const. Article XIX, Section 1(F)(3)(a)S/US/UAOhio Const. Article XIX, Section 2(B)(4)(a)LOhio Rev. Code Ann. § 3521.01 (West)
74
36OklahomaStateROkla. Const. art. V, § 9AROkla. Const. art. V, § 9AROkla. Const. art. V, § 9AROkla. Const. art. V, § 9AROkla. Const. art. V, § 9AS/US/UA2011 Redistricting Committee Guidelines for Redistricting, House Redistricting Committee § 5 (Feb. 14, 2011)S/UA2011 Redistricting Committee Guidelines for Redistricting, House Redistricting Committee § 5 (Feb. 14, 2011)ROkla. Const. art. V, § 9AL2011 Redistricting Committee Guidelines for Redistricting, House Redistricting Committee § 1(A) (Feb. 14, 2011)
75
FederalR2011 Redistricting Committee Guidelines for Redistricting, House Redistricting Committee § 1(B) (Feb. 14, 2011)R2011 Redistricting Committee Guidelines for Redistricting, House Redistricting Committee § 3 (Feb. 14, 2011)R2011 Redistricting Committee Guidelines for Redistricting, House Redistricting Committee § 3 (Feb. 14, 2011)R2011 Redistricting Committee Guidelines for Redistricting, House Redistricting Committee § 2 (Feb. 14, 2011)R2011 Redistricting Committee Guidelines for Redistricting, House Redistricting Committee § 2 (Feb. 14, 2011)S/US/UA2011 Redistricting Committee Guidelines for Redistricting, House Redistricting Committee § 5 (Feb. 14, 2011)S/UA2011 Redistricting Committee Guidelines for Redistricting, House Redistricting Committee § 5 (Feb. 14, 2011)R2011 Redistricting Committee Guidelines for Redistricting, House Redistricting Committee § 4 (Feb. 14, 2011)L2011 Redistricting Committee Guidelines for Redistricting, House Redistricting Committee § 1(A) (Feb. 14, 2011)
76
37OregonStateROr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(1)(b) (West)S/UROr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(1)(a) (West)ROr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(1)(c) (West)ROr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(1)(c) (West)S/UPOr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(2) (West)POr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(2) (West)S/US/UROr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(1)(d) (West)LOr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.016 (West)
77
FederalROr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(1)(b) (West)S/UROr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(1)(a) (West)ROr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(1)(c) (West)ROr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(1)(c) (West)S/UPOr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(2) (West)POr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(2) (West)S/US/UROr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.010(1)(d) (West)LOr. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 188.016 (West)
78
38PennsylvaniaStateRPa. Const. art. II, § 16RPa. Const. art. II, § 16RPa. Const. art. II, § 16RPa. Const. art. II, § 16RPa. Const. art. II, § 16S/US/US/US/US/US/UPACPa. Const. art. II, § 17The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania imposed certain districting criteria (e.g., a ban on partisan advantage) in the course of adjudicating a challenge to existing congressional districts. See League of Women Voters of Pennsylvania v. Commonwealth, 178 A.3d 737, 821, cert. denied sub nom. Turzai v. Brandt, 139 S. Ct. 445 (Pa. 2018). However, we do not count that ruling here because the empirical definition considers only constitutions, statutes, and legislative guidelines. That ruling also invalidated the statute cited here as evidence that the legislature is primarily responsible for redistricting. However, the invalidiation was not because the legislature lacks redistricting authority, but because the congressional redistricting plan was deemed to have been written to create undue partisan advantage.
79
FederalNo known state constitutional or statutory requirementL25 Pa. Stat. Ann. § 3596.301 (West)
80
39Rhode IslandStateRR.I. Const. art. VII, § 1; R.I. Const. art. VIII, § 1RR.I. Const. art. VII, § 1; R.I. Const. art. VIII, § 1R2011 R.I. Laws chs. 100, § 2(e)R2011 R.I. Laws chs. 100, § 2(d)R2011 R.I. Laws chs. 100, § 2(d)S/US/US/US/US/US/ULR.I. Const. art. VII, § 1
81
FederalR2011 R.I. Laws chs. 100, § 2(c)R2011 R.I. Laws chs. 100, § 2(d)R2011 R.I. Laws chs. 100, § 2(e)R2011 R.I. Laws chs. 100, § 2(d)R2011 R.I. Laws chs. 100, § 2(d)S/US/US/US/US/US/UL2011 R.I. Laws chs. 100, § 1(a)
82
40South CarolinaStateR2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at I.A.1, Apr. 13, 2011R2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at III.F, Apr. 13, 2011R2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at II, Apr. 13, 2011R2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at III.C, Apr. 13, 2011R2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at III.D, Apr. 13, 2011R2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at III.E, Apr. 13, 2011S/UA2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at I.A.1, Apr. 13, 2011S/UR2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at III.B, Apr. 13, 2011R2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at III.A, Apr. 13, 2011LS.C. Code Ann. § 2-1-35The guidelines relied upon by the state House are materially identical to those created by the state Senate.
83
FederalR2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at I.A.2, Apr. 13, 2011R2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at III.F, Apr. 13, 2011R2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at II, Apr. 13, 2011R2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at III.C, Apr. 13, 2011R2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at III.D, Apr. 13, 2011R2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at III.E, Apr. 13, 2011S/UA2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at I.A.2, Apr. 13, 2011S/UR2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at III.B, Apr. 13, 2011R2011 Redistricting Guidelines, Senate Judiciary Committee, at III.A, Apr. 13, 2011LS.C. Code Ann. § 7-19-35
84
41South DakotaStateRS.D. Const. art. III, § 5RS.D. Const. art. III, § 5RS.D. Const. art. III, § 5RS.D. Codified Laws § 2-2-41(3)RS.D. Codified Laws § 2-2-41(3)S/US/US/US/US/URS.D. Codified Laws § 2-2-41(2)LS.D. Const. art. III, § 5
85
FederalAt-large congressional district
86
42TennesseeStateRTenn. Code Ann. § 3-1-103(b)(2) (West)S/URTenn. Code Ann. §§ 3-1-102(e), 3-1-103(b)(4) (West)RTenn. Code Ann. § 3-1-103(b)(5) (West)S/US/US/US/US/US/US/ULTenn. Code Ann. § 3-1-103 (West)
87
FederalNo known state constitutional or statutory requirementLTenn. Code Ann. § 2-16-103 (West)
88
43TexasStateRTex. Const. art. III, § 26S/URTex. Const. art. III, §§ 25-26S/US/US/US/US/US/US/US/ULTex. Const. art. III, § 28
89
FederalNo known state constitutional or statutory requirementL2013 Tex. Sess. Law Serv. 1st Called Sess. Ch. 3 (S.B. 4)
90
44UtahStateRUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(2)(a) (West)RUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(2)(c) (West)RUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(2)(d) (West)RUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(2)(b) (West)RUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(2)(b) (West)S/UPUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(3) (West)PUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(3) (West)S/US/URUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(2)(e) (West)ACUtah Code Ann. §§ 20A-19-201, 20A-19-203 (West)Utah Code Ann. § 20A-19-201(4)(b) (West) states implicitly that the standards outlined in Utah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103 (West) apply to both state legislative and congressional redistricting.
91
FederalRUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(2)(a) (West)RUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(2)(c) (West)RUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(2)(d) (West)RUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(2)(b) (West)RUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(2)(b) (West)S/UPUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(3) (West)PUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(3) (West)S/US/URUtah Code Ann. § 20A-19-103(2)(e) (West)ACUtah Code Ann. §§ 20A-19-201, 20A-19-203 (West)
92
45VermontStateRVt. Const. Ch. II, §§ 13, 18RVt. Const. Ch. II, §§ 13, 18RVt. Const. Ch. II, §§ 13, 18RVt. Const. Ch. II, §§ 13, 18RVt. Const. Ch. II, §§ 13, 18S/US/URVt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, §§ 1906b(c)(4), 1906c(c)(4) (West)S/US/URVt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 1903(b)(2) (West)ACVt. Stat. Ann. tit. 17, § 1904(a) (West)
93
FederalAt-large congressional district
94
46VirginiaStateRVa. Const. art. II, § 6RVa. Const. art. II, § 6RVa. Const. art. II, § 6S/US/US/US/UAHouse Criteria, House Committee on Privileges & Elections, Committee Resolution 1, at V (Mar. 25, 2011)S/US/URHouse Criteria, House Committee on Privileges & Elections, Committee Resolution 1, at V (Mar. 25, 2011)LVa. Const. art. II, § 6The state Senate's redistricting criteria are materially identical to those used by the House of Delegates.
95
FederalR3rd Congressional District Criteria, Joint Reapportionment Committee, at I (Aug. 17, 2015)R3rd Congressional District Criteria, Joint Reapportionment Committee, at III (Aug. 17, 2015)R3rd Congressional District Criteria, Joint Reapportionment Committee, at III (Aug. 17, 2015)S/US/US/US/UA3rd Congressional District Criteria, Joint Reapportionment Committee, at V (Aug. 17, 2015)S/US/UR3rd Congressional District Criteria, Joint Reapportionment Committee, at V (Aug. 17, 2015)LVa. Const. art. II, § 6
96
47WashingtonStateRWash. Const. art. II, § 43(5)RWash. Const. art. II, § 43(5)RWash. Const. art. II, § 43(5)RWash. Rev. Code Ann. § 44.05.090(2)(a) (West)RWash. Rev. Code Ann. § 44.05.090(2)(a) (West)S/UPWash. Const. art. II, § 43(5)PWash. Const. art. II, § 43(5)RWash. Rev. Code Ann. § 44.05.090(5)S/URWash. Rev. Code Ann. § 44.05.090(2)(a) (West)PACWash. Const. art. II, § 43(2)
97
FederalRWash. Const. art. II, § 43(5)RWash. Const. art. II, § 43(5)RWash. Const. art. II, § 43(5)RWash. Rev. Code Ann. § 44.05.090(2)(a) (West)RWash. Rev. Code Ann. § 44.05.090(2)(a) (West)S/UPWash. Const. art. II, § 43(5)PWash. Const. art. II, § 43(5)RWash. Rev. Code Ann. § 44.05.090(5)S/URWash. Rev. Code Ann. § 44.05.090(2)(a) (West)PACWash. Const. art. II, § 43(2)
98
48West VirginiaStateRW. Va. Const. art. VI, § 4RW. Va. Const. art. VI, § 4RW. Va. Const. art. VI, § 4RW. Va. Const. art. VI, § 4S/US/US/US/US/US/US/ULW. Va. Const. art. VI, § 4
99
FederalRW. Va. Const. art. I, § 4RW. Va. Const. art. I, § 4RW. Va. Const. art. I, § 4RW. Va. Const. art. I, § 4S/US/US/US/US/US/US/ULW. Va. Code Ann. § 1-2-3 (West)
100
49WisconsinStateRWis. Const. art. IV, § 3RWis. Const. art. IV, § 4RWis. Const. art. IV, § 4RWis. Const. art. IV, § 4RWis. Const. art. IV, § 4RWis. Const. art. IV, § 4S/US/US/US/US/ULWis. Const. art. IV, § 3