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361#CategoryScope 1Scope 2Scope 3DescriptionSourceLocationComments
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01Carbon Market ProtocolPlant-Market​​Biochar shall be placed in the environment.Puro.earth1.1.1
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02Carbon Market ProtocolForest-Plant​​Biochar shall be produced from sustainable biomass.Puro.earth1.1.2
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03Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall demonstrate net-negativity.Puro.earth1.1.3
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04Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA scope shall be cradle-to-grave.Puro.earth3.1
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05Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include the biomass production and supply.Puro.earth1.1.3
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06Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include the biochar production process.Puro.earth1.1.3
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07Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include biochar application and use.Puro.earth1.1.3
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08Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA emissions information shall be disaggregated between life cycle stages.Puro.earth1.1.3, 5.2.2, 5.3.2, 5.4.1
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09Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall present cradle-to-grave carbon footprint according to ISO standard or WRI GHG protocols.Puro.earth1.1.3, 3.2ISO: https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html
WRI: https://www.wri.org/research/greenhouse-gas-protocol-product-life-cycle-accounting-and-reporting-standard#:~:text=The%20GHG%20Protocol%20Product%20Life,associated%20with%20a%20specific%20product.
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10Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​Direct use of fossil fuels for heating the pyrolysis reactor shall be prohibited.Puro.earth1.1.4
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11Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​Use of waste heat from industrial processes shall be permitted.Puro.earth1.1.4
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12Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​Pyrolysis gases shall be treated or recovered to eliminate or make negligible methane emissions to the atmosphere.Puro.earth1.1.5BRR - how is 'negligible' measured, and what's the max?
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13Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​Bio-oil and pyrolysis gas storage shall be permitted for later use as renewable energy or materials.Puro.earth1.1.5
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14Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​The molar H:C ratio of the biochar shall be less than 0.7.Puro.earth1.1.6
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15Carbon Market ProtocolE2E Ops​​System shall deploy measures to ensure a safe working environment.Puro.earth1.1.7
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16Carbon Market ProtocolE2E Ops​​System shall deploy measures to ensure safe handling and transport of biochar.Puro.earth1.1.7"Such safety measures are, but not limited to, providing a Material Safety Data Sheet, laboratory test results from UN test N.4, using a steam activation process or by other means ensuring that the biochar is sufficiently covered, moist andcool during transport and handling."
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17Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The production facility audit shall demonstrate environmental and social safeguards.Puro.earth1.2.2
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18Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The production facility audit shall demonstrate demonstrate that production facility activities do no significant harm to the surrounding natural environment or local communities.Puro.earth1.2.2Examples provided in 1.2.2; footnote 7 on page 3: "For environmental matters, the documented information should consider, where applicable, effects on human health, biodiversity, fauna, flora, soil, water and air, inter alia. For social matters, the documented information should consider, where applicable, effects on local communities, indigenous people, land tenure, local employment, food production, user safety,and cultural and religious sites, inter alia."
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19Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The production facility audit shall demonstrate additionality to show that CO2 removals are a result of carbon finance.Puro.earth1.2.3"Even with substantial non-carbon finance support, projects can be additional if investment is required, risk is present, and/or human capital must be developed."
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20Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The production facility audit shall demonstrate additionality based on full project financials and counterfactual analysis based on Baselines that are project-specific, conservative and periodically updated.Puro.earth1.2.3
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21Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The production facility audit shall demonstrate that the project is not required by existing laws, regulations, or other binding obligations.Puro.earth1.2.3
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22Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​The system shall measure the amount of biochar produced.Puro.earth1.2.4Mass basis? What are accuracy and resolution requirements?
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23Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​Production meters shall be appropriately calibrated.Puro.earth1.2.4
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24Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include emissions from cultivating, harvesting and transporting biomass.Puro.earth1.2.4
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25Carbon Market ProtocolForest-Plant​​Biomass cultivation, harvest and transport emissions calculations shall be reliable.Puro.earth1.2.4What does this mean?
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26Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​The system shall quantify energy use of the production facility.Puro.earth1.2.4
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27Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​The system shall calculate emissions from the production facility.Puro.earth1.2.4
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28Carbon Market ProtocolE2E Ops​​The point of creation for CO2 Removal Certificates (CORCs) will be the production of biochar.Puro.earth2.1.1
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29Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include materials inputs.Puro.earth3.3
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30Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include energy inputs.Puro.earth3.3
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31Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include water inputs.Puro.earth3.3
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32Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA system boundary shall include raw materials extraction.Puro.earth3.3Are raw materials different than biomass?
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33Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA system boundary shall include raw materials logistics.Puro.earth3.3Are raw materials different than biomass?
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34Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA system boundary shall include conversion of biomass to biochar.Puro.earth3.3
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35Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA system boundary shall include biochar logistics.Puro.earth3.3
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36Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA system boundary shall include biochar end use.Puro.earth3.3
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37Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA outputs shall include emissions.Puro.earth3.3
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38Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA outputs shall include products.Puro.earth3.3
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39Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA outputs shall include co-products or residues.Puro.earth3.3
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40Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall account for biomass production, including GHG emissions arising from all activities included in the biomass cultivation and harvesting process.Puro.earth4.3
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41Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall account for direct land use changes resulting from biomass production, including emissions arising at the site of cultivation of the biomass that are related to a change in land cover or land management.Puro.earth4.3"This can represent the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from reforestation but also the loss of carbon in aboveground and belowground stocks when harvesting forest residues or agricultural residues.In many cases, direct land use changes are given a null value (0 emission from changes in biogenic carbon stocks), but this must be justified adequately with an explicit reference situation."
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42Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall account for biomass transport of the biomass from the harvest site to the biochar production site, including fuel, vehicle, and road infrastructure emissions.Puro.earth4.3"ideally including fuel emissions, but also vehicle and road infrastructure emissions". Does 'ideally' mean it's not really binding? Can Puro provide scope of road infrastructure emissions?
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43Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA should account for movement of a mobile reactor to the biomass location.Puro.earth4.3
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44Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall account for biochar production, including GHG emissions arising from all activities included in the conversion of biomass to biochar.Puro.earth4.4
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45Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include emissions resulting from biomass handling at production site (e.g. conveyors, loaders).Puro.earth4.4
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46Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include emissions resulting from biomass pre-processing (e.g. chipping, comminution, drying, sieving).Puro.earth4.4
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47Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include emissions resulting from operating the pyrolysis reactor.Puro.earth4.4
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48Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include emissions resulting from post-pyrolysis processing (e.g. combustion of gases and oils).Puro.earth4.4
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49Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include emissions resulting from cooling and post-processing (e.g. packaging).Puro.earth4.4
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50Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include emissions resulting from biochar handling at production site (e.g. conveyors).Puro.earth4.4
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51Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include all life cycle stages (manufacturing, use, disposal) for each biochar production activity.Puro.earth4.4"For instance, the operation of the pyrolysis reactor should include manufacturing and installation of the reactor, material and energy inputs for operating the reactor, direct air emissions from the stack of the reactor, and maintenance and disposal of the reactor. Likewise, biomass drying and chipping should for instance include manufacturing and disposal of the drying and chipping equipment, direct energy use from operation of the equipment (e.g. electricity or external heat), and eventually other consumables involved in the operation and maintenance of the equipment."
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52Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall apply an energy allocation between biochar and co-products for co-products that are high value or contain a large share of the initial biomass energy content.Puro.earth4.4We need thresholds on these. What is considered 'high value'? What is the threshold for 'large share of the initial biomass energy content'?
How does Verra handle emission allocations between biochar, byproducts?
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53Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall apply all energy and emissions burdens to the biochar when the co-products are not considered important.Puro.earth4.4- We need thresholds on this - what is considered 'important' for co-products?
- Assume this is the converse of the statements above...it's tied to 'high value' and 'large share..'
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54Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall account for biochar use, including GHG emissions from transportation and handling until it is used in a mineral matrix that it cannot be separated from.Puro.earth4.5
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55Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The production facility audit shall prove the sustainability of the raw material used.Puro.earth5.2.1
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56Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​The system shall continuously measure and record the amount of biochar produced, including any significant changes or stops in production.Puro.earth5.3.1
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57Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The production facility audit shall expose the data trail for biochar production documentation.Puro.earth5.3.1
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58Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​The system shall determine by lab analysis key biochar properties related to quantification of carbon sequestration, including total organic carbon content, total hydrogen content and H:C_org ratio.Puro.earth5.3.3
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59Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The production facility audit shall prove the end use of the biochar does not cause carbon dioxide returning to the atmosphere.Puro.earth5.4.2"The proof can be an offtake agreement, documentation of the saleor shipmentof the product, indicatingthe intended use of the product.Care should be takento exclude amount of biochar that is likely to end up in waste incineration and not in a mineral matrix (soil or constructionuse) from which it cannot be separated."
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60Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The production facility audit shall justify the soil temperature selected for the calculation of biochar carbon sequestration.Puro.earth5.4.3
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61Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The business shall produce a statement for the production facility audit that biochar product will not be sold or marketed at 'climate positive' if the CORC associated with it is removed from the product and sold to another stakeholder not associated with that product.Puro.earth5.5.2
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62Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The business shall support a check of the branding and packaging for a production facility audit if the CORC associated with the biochar product is removed.Puro.earth5.5.2
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63Carbon Market ProtocolE2E Ops​​The business shall make it known to end customers that no claims can be made stating that the biochar product is a carbon sink if a decoupled CORC is sold to and accounted by another stakeholder not associated with the product.Puro.earth5.5.3"No marketing and branding claims can be made by the end-user (user of biochar) that the underlying physical product (biochar) is a carbon sink, whenthe decoupled CO2removal certificate has been sold to and accounted by another stakeholder not re-associated with the underlying physical product. The proof can be an offtake agreement, documentation of the sale or shipment of the product, indicating th procedures for claiming the CO2 removal certificate."
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64Carbon Market ProtocolE2E Ops​​The business shall have a health and safety program to protect workers from airborne pollutants and other hazards.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4
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65Carbon Market ProtocolE2E Ops​​The business shall provide appropriate and adequate evidence to demonstrate compliance with all applicableenvironmental and legal regulations.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4
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66Carbon Market ProtocolForest-Plant​​Biochar shall be produced from sustainable waste biomass.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4See table 3.
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67Carbon Market ProtocolForest-Plant​​The business shall provide proof of waste biomass sustainability.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4See table 3. Includes guidance on ag biomass, forest biomass, etc., etc.
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68Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​Biochar shall be produced from single feedstocks, and mixing feedstocks is prohibited (e.g. ____________).VCS 4.0 (Verra)4TO BE CLARIFIED WITH VERRA
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69Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​Biochar will be allowed to contain a maximum of 10% mineral additives (e.g. lime, bentonite, rock powder, clay, or soil) on a dry matter basis.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4TO BE CLARIFIED WITH VERRA
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70Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​Chemical additives shall be prohibited from biochar formulations.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4TO BE CLARIFIED WITH VERRA
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71Carbon Market ProtocolPlant-Market​​Biochar shall be prohibited from usage as an energy source.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4
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72Carbon Market ProtocolPlant-Market​​Biochar shall be applied within 1 year of production.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4
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73Carbon Market ProtocolPlant-Market​​Biochar shall be used in surface applications only when mixed with other substrates (e.g. compost, manure).VCS 4.0 (Verra)4
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74Carbon Market ProtocolPlant-Market​​Biochar applied into soils shall comply with biochar material standards to avoid the risk of transferring unwanted heavy metals and organic contaminants to soil.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4"Project proponents must meet the IBI “Standardized Product Definition and Product Testing Guidelines for Biochar That is Used in Soil”5 and/or EBC “Guidelines for a sustainable production of biochar”, or national regulations for avoiding soil contaminations."
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75Carbon Market ProtocolPlant-Market​​Biochar used in non-soil applications shall be demonstrated to be a long-lived and stable carbon sink using peer-reviewed literature and/or reliable documentation.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4
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76Carbon Market ProtocolPlant-Market​​Biochar used in non-soil applications, in the absence of supporting documentation, shall demonstrate decay rate using the default decay rate of biochar in soils following a conservative approach.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4
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77Carbon Market ProtocolPlant-Market​​Biochar used in non-soil applications shall be produced in a 'high-technology' production facility.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4
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78Carbon Market ProtocolForest-Plant​​Biochar produced within an existing project boundary of another voluntary or regulated carbon program (e.g., Improved Forest Management, Afforestation/Reforestation) shall be demonstrated to not double count GHG benefits.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4
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79Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include the biomass harvesting and supply.VCS 4.0 (Verra)4Probably just a terminology thing but I don't see a requirement related to the extraction.
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80Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include the biochar production process.VCS 4.0 (Verra)5
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81Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall include biochar application and use.VCS 4.0 (Verra)5
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82Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall account for carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in feedstock transport for distances greater than 200km.VCS 4.0 (Verra)5This is obviously a net positive difference in requirement
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83Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall account for carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide from fuel combustion and electricity use in pyroloysis.VCS 4.0 (Verra)5
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84Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall account for carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in biochar transport for distances greater than 200km.VCS 4.0 (Verra)5This is obviously a net positive differences in requirement - especially if at Coles Corner
Coles Corner to Yakima = 175km, Coles Corner to Pasco = 280km, Coles Corner to Quincy = 122km
Winthrop to Yakima = 320km, Winthrop to Pasco = 380km, Wintrhop to Quincy = 208km
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85Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall account for carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in feedstock pre-processing.VCS 4.0 (Verra)5Maybe Verra includes post-processing as part of the "shipping" but don't see a specific post-process requirement
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86Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​LCA shall account for carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide in biochar application.VCS 4.0 (Verra)5Q (Puro): do they require that we consider both methane & NO2 for P-M emissions?
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87Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The business shall demonstrate biomass regulatory surplus in accordance with the rules and requirements regarding regulatory surplus set out in the latest version of the VCS Standard and VCS Methodology Requirements.VCS 4.0 (Verra)7
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89Carbon Market ProtocolPlant​​The production system shall be configured as 'high technology'.C6 InternalBRR - I'm assuming for the moment this is our aim. I haven't calculated the difference in crediting between the low- and high-tech paths, but assume high-tech is better given its underlying conditions.
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90Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The biochar production system shall combust or recover pyrolysis gases, limiting the emissions of methane to the atmosphere.VCS 4.0 (Verra)8.2.2.1
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91Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The biochar production system shall utilize at least 70% of its waste heat within the production system or within the project boundaries.VCS 4.0 (Verra)8.2.2.1Q: how to they define "waste heat"? Is that mainly the syngas? Or is it other sources of heat (exam from dryer)?
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92Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The biochar production system shall include emissions controls that meet local, state and national emission thresholds.VCS 4.0 (Verra)8.2.2.1
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93Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The biochar production system shall measure and document production process temperature.VCS 4.0 (Verra)8.2.2.1
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94Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The business shall have each biochar product formulation analyzed via an established laboratory and standardized methods to derive its fixed carbon content.VCS 4.0 (Verra)8.2.2.1
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95Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​Biochar laboratory analysis shall be performed in accordance with IBI “Standardized Product Definition and Product Testing Guidelines for Biochar That is
Used in Soil” and/or the EBC “Guidelines for a sustainable production of biochar”.		VCS 4.0 (Verra)8.2.2.1
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96Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The LCA shall include emissions from feedstock sourcing, estimated by equation (1) in 8.2.2.1.VCS 4.0 (Verra)8.2.2.1
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97Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The LCA shall include emissions from production activities converting feedstock to biochar, estimated by equation (3) in 8.2.2 and equations (4), (5), (6), (7) in 8.2.2.1. VCS 4.0 (Verra)8.2.2, 8.2.2.1
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98Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The LCA shall include emissions from biochar application, estimated by equations (13) and (14) in 8.2.3.VCS 4.0 (Verra)8.2.3
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99Carbon Market ProtocolLCA​​The LCA shall include leakage emissions, estimated by equations (15) and (16) in 8.3.VCS 4.0 (Verra)8.3
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100Carbon Market ProtocolPlant-Market​​The business shall measure, track and document the amount of each type of biochar applied each year, in tonnes.VCS 4.0 (Verra)9.1For validation, not ongoing monitoring